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<document id="6D25093735047191D99D23B281DFCB24" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185185" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b61ee6f-9fbd-4f99-a64f-07a2ad1aae22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185185" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459970104500" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kuchta, Roman, Scholz, Tomáš, Vlčková, Romana, Říha, Milan, Walter, Thorsten, Yuniar, Asri T. &amp; Palm, Harry W." docDate="2009" docId="0390F875FFCAFFDC85F31159CC87FCDC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01977p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1977" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) Rao 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFA9800DFFCCFFD58564150BCD24FFEE" masterDocTitle="Revision of tapeworms (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) from lizardfish (Saurida: Synodontidae) from the Indo-Pacific region" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698231418673" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0590D2DBBB90BB7EF7255228BA47D4E0">Revision of tapeworms (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) from lizardfish (Saurida: Synodontidae) from the Indo-Pacific region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB87C4C5114E35BEE16B01C430294F54">Kuchta, Roman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="425789FE7D36CE226AA250BA10091EB6">Scholz, Tomáš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B1C466936E35C16610F8C069FA3AD8B">Vlčková, Romana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1354FE7C33C521163906B77C6F185CE8">Říha, Milan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18AB1AC6AC07B0D7AD9C1FA5CFBC736D">Yuniar, Asri T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC27BCF4CBE594E00B4588818737FEA4">Palm, Harry W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="040E681ADB9F75CC2FD3E51BC3B13A46">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0390F875FFCAFFDC85F31159CC87FCDC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226141" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119377854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390F875FFCAFFDC85F31159CC87FCDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390F875FFCAFFDC85F31159CC87FCDC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385F31159CCE6FB61" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385F31159CFD8FB82" blockId="6.[151,764,1106,1167]" box="[151,764,1106,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0CEFE0FFFCAFFD385F31159CFD8FB82" bold="true" box="[151,764,1106,1132]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD385F31159CFD8FB82" ID-CoL="76GFD" authority="(Rao, 1954) Rao, 1960" authorityName="(Rao, 1954) Rao" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,764,1106,1132]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Penetrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385F31159CFD8FB82" bold="true" box="[151,764,1106,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385F31159CCC6FB82" bold="true" box="[151,482,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Penetrocephalus ganapattii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD384961159CF54FB82" author="Rao" box="[498,624,1106,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1954) A new bothriocephalid parasite (Cestoda) from the gut of the fish Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Current Science, 23, 333 - 334." type="journal article" year="1954">Rao, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD387E41159CFD8FB82" author="Rao" box="[640,764,1106,1132]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1960) Studies on Penetrocephalus ganapatii, a new genus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the marine teleost, Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Parasitology, 50, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1960">Rao, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385F3117ECCE6FB61" blockId="6.[151,764,1106,1167]" box="[151,450,1141,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD385F3117ECC31FB61" box="[151,277,1141,1167]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs. 913</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD38445117ECCE6FB61" box="[289,450,1141,1167]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">19, 20, 22, 23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385F311CBC9A6FB39" box="[151,1154,1216,1239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385F311CBC9A6FB39" blockId="6.[151,1154,1216,1239]" box="[151,1154,1216,1239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
Syns.
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD385BC11CBCF50FB39" authority="Rao, 1954" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1954" box="[216,628,1216,1239]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Bothriocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385BC11CBCCD9FB39" box="[216,509,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Bothriocephalus ganapattii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD3876711CBCF50FB39" author="Rao" box="[515,628,1216,1239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1954) A new bothriocephalid parasite (Cestoda) from the gut of the fish Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Current Science, 23, 333 - 334." type="journal article" year="1954">Rao, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD3871B11CBC95AFB39" authority="Subhapradha, 1955" authorityName="Subhapradha" authorityYear="1955" box="[639,1150,1216,1239]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Bothriocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="penetratus">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD3871B11CBCE82FB39" box="[639,934,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Bothriocephalus penetratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD386C911CBC95AFB39" author="Subhapradha" box="[941,1150,1216,1239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Subhapradha, C. K. (1955) Two new bothriocephalids from marine fish Saurida tumbil (Bl.). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Series B, 41, 20 - 30." type="journal article" year="1955">Subhapradha, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385F3100CCE29FAA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385F3100CCCF3FACC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" box="[151,471,1287,1314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385F3100CCC3DFACF" bold="true" box="[151,281,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="5482F7C1FFCAFFD385F3100CCDF0FACF" box="[151,212,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD384451003CCF4FACF" box="[289,464,1288,1313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumbil">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD384451003CCF4FACF" box="[289,464,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Saurida tumbil</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A31024CE29FAA4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" box="[199,781,1327,1354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A31024CC46FAA7" bold="true" box="[199,354,1327,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Other hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD3840E103BCF64FAA7" box="[362,576,1328,1353]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropectoralis">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD3840E103BCF64FAA7" box="[362,576,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">S. micropectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD3872A103BCE22FAA7" box="[590,774,1328,1353]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undosquamis">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD3872A103BCE22FAA7" box="[590,774,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">S. undosquamis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385A3105CCE45FA74" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A3105CCE45FA74" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A3105CCCB2FA9F" bold="true" box="[199,406,1367,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Site of infection:</emphasis>
The scolex and neck (
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD387C11053CE5FFA9F" box="[677,891,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">scolex deformatus</emphasis>
) is coiled within a cyst on the wall of pyloric caeca, whereas the strobila lies freely in the intestinal lumen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385A310ACC992FA2C" box="[199,1206,1447,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A310ACC992FA2C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" box="[199,1206,1447,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A310ACCC54FA2F" bold="true" box="[199,368,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="5482F7C1FFCAFFD385A310ACCC20FA2F" box="[199,260,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Coast of Waltair, Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
<collectingCountry id="F32E09F3FFCAFFD386A310A3C922FA2C" box="[967,1030,1448,1474]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">India</collectingCountry>
, Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385A310C4CEC8F9FC" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A310C4CFC9FA04" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" box="[199,749,1487,1514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A310C4CC4DFA07" bold="true" box="[199,361,1487,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Distribution:</emphasis>
Indian Ocean (
<collectingCountry id="F32E09F3FFCAFFD3877910DBCF7AFA04" box="[541,606,1488,1514]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32E09F3FFCAFFD3870E10DBCFC5FA04" box="[618,737,1488,1514]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A310FCCEC8F9FC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" box="[199,1004,1527,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A310FCCC7DF9FF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1527,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Prevalence:</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="F32E09F3FFCAFFD384E410F3CCD1F9FC" box="[384,501,1528,1554]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD3876410F3CFF2F9FF" box="[512,726,1528,1553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropectoralis">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD3876410F3CFF2F9FF" box="[512,726,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">S. micropectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
27%;
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD3865D10F3CE85F9FF" box="[825,929,1528,1553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumbil">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD3865D10F3CE85F9FF" box="[825,929,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">S. tumbil</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
5%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFD385A31314C926F8EC" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A31314C9FBF9D4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" box="[199,1247,1567,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A31314CC7DF9D7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1567,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD38404132BCF76F9D4" author="Subhapradha" box="[352,594,1568,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Subhapradha, C. K. (1955) Two new bothriocephalids from marine fish Saurida tumbil (Bl.). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Series B, 41, 20 - 30." type="journal article" year="1955">Subhapradha (1955)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD3873A132BCFC2F9D4" author="Rao" box="[606,742,1568,1594]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1960) Studies on Penetrocephalus ganapatii, a new genus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the marine teleost, Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Parasitology, 50, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1960">Rao (1960)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD38796132BCEA0F9D4" author="Devi" box="[754,900,1568,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" refString="Devi, R. P. (1975) Pseudophyllidean cestodes (Bothriocephalidae) from marine fishes of Waltair Coast Bay of Bengal. Rivista di Parassitologia, 36, 279 - 286." type="journal article" year="1975">Devi (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFCAFFD386F4132BC9FFF9D4" box="[912,1243,1568,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" refString="Radhakrishnan, S., Nair, N. B. &amp; Balasubramanian, N. K. (1983) Adult cestode infection of the marine teleost fish Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Acta Ichtyologica et Piscatoria, 13, 75 - 97." type="journal article">
Radhakrishnan
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD38123132BC9A5F9D7" box="[1095,1153,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A3134CC926F8EC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD385A3134CCCACF98F" bold="true" box="[199,392,1607,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Re-description:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD384F51343CF4FF98C" ID-CoL="7NF88" box="[401,619,1608,1634]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Bothriocephalidea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCAFFD3871D1343CE70F98C" ID-CoL="7NG5T" box="[633,852,1608,1634]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Bothriocephalidae</taxonomicName>
. Large worms, up to
<quantity id="4CC1E486FFCAFFD381371343C992F98C" box="[1107,1206,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
long. Strobila with markedly craspedote segments with prominent lateral wing-like projections (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD3814C137BC9A8F964" box="[1064,1164,1648,1674]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD381FE137BC9CDF964" box="[1178,1257,1648,1674]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">19, 23</figureCitation>
). External segmentation present, may be incomplete (missing medially). Two pairs of longitudinal osmoregulatory canals present. Longitudinal musculature well developed, forming numerous bundles of muscle fibres (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD3806413CBC8AAF934" box="[1280,1422,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs. 10, 11</figureCitation>
). Surface covered with small filiform microtriches similar in shape and size.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFCAFFDC85A3121BCF73FE94" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A3121BCEBBF894" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
Scolex unarmed, 700750 long by 150200 wide, changed to
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCAFFD386C0121BC95EF8C7" box="[932,1146,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">scolex deformatus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD381EE121BC825F8C4" box="[1162,1281,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 9, 12</figureCitation>
). Apical disc absent. Anterior part of body including neck often degenerated, becoming filiform (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD3810C1233C994F8BC" box="[1128,1200,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), up to
<quantity id="4CC1E486FFCAFFD3806C1233C87EF8BC" box="[1288,1370,1848,1874]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
long, penetrating through intestinal wall, and encysted on pyloric caeca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCAFFD385A31283CF9BF81C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1287,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
Segments short, much wider than long (up to 14 times in mature segments). Immature segments 50620 long by 1002,540 wide. Mature segments 40220 long by 1,0802,900 wide (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD3813A12BBC99EF824" box="[1118,1210,1968,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Gravid segments 70620 long by 8903,140 wide (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCAFFD3874712D3CF96F81C" box="[547,690,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs. 19, 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCBFFD285A31593CCE5FEBC" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Testes medullary, oval,
<quantity id="4CC1E486FFCBFFD284871593CF69FF5C" box="[483,589,152,178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">4060 in</quantity>
number per segment, 1060 long by 1040 wide, in two lateral fields separated medially, continuous between segments (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCBFFD2879515CBCE6EFF34" box="[753,842,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Cirrus-sac submedian (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCBFFD2810B15CBC9E0FF34" box="[1135,1220,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), irregularly alternating, round or slightly oval,
<quantity id="4CC1E486FFCBFFD2876615E3CF5EFEEC" box="[514,634,232,258]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3019999999999996" metricValueMax="4.953" metricValueMin="1.6509999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="130.0" valueMax="195.0" valueMin="65.0">65195 in</quantity>
diameter, just anterior to ovary (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCBFFD2816615E3C9ACFEEC" box="[1026,1160,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10, 13</figureCitation>
). Cirrus unarmed, covered with long filiform microtriches (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCBFFD28733141BCF94FEC4" box="[599,688,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), opening to small genital atrium. Genital pore dorsal, slightly submedian (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCBFFD284421433CCA2FEBC" box="[294,390,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFCBFFD284F71433CC90FEBC" box="[403,436,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4619EBFFCBFFD285F3120ACF12F84D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFCBFFD285F3120ACF12F84D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1793,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD285F3120ACC68F8F7" bold="true" box="[151,332,1793,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">FIGURES 913</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCBFFD28438120ACE34F8F6" authority="Rao, 1954" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1954" box="[348,784,1793,1816]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Penetrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD28438120ACFA1F8F6" box="[348,645,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Penetrocephalus ganapattii</emphasis>
(Rao, 1954)
</taxonomicName>
ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFCBFFD2865F120AC965F8F6" box="[827,1089,1793,1816]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropectoralis">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD2865F120AC965F8F6" box="[827,1089,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Saurida micropectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IPCAS C-462/2).
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD28073120AC800F8F7" bold="true" box="[1303,1316,1793,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">9</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD28051120AC86BF8F7" bold="true" box="[1333,1359,1793,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">12</emphasis>
, Schematic drawing of
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD28432122FCF3CF8D5" box="[342,536,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">scolex deformatus</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD287421228CF65F8D5" bold="true" box="[550,577,1827,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">10</emphasis>
, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD28490124DCF28F8B0" bold="true" box="[500,524,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD2877F124DCF12F8B0" bold="true" box="[539,566,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13</emphasis>
, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD2806F124DC807F8B0" bold="true" box="[1291,1315,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11</emphasis>
, cross-section;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFCBFFD285AA1262CDCDF86F" bold="true" box="[206,233,1897,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">13</emphasis>
, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4619EBFFC4FFDD85F31243CCA3F804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFC4FFDD85F31243CCA3F804" blockId="8.[151,1436,1864,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD85F31243CC73F88E" bold="true" box="[151,343,1864,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">FIGURES 1423</emphasis>
. Photomicrographs.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87521243CF5CF88E" bold="true" box="[566,632,1864,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">1418</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87E21243CF85F88E" bold="true" box="[646,673,1864,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">21</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87CA1243CFEDF88E" bold="true" box="[686,713,1864,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">24</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC4FFDD87B31243C94FF8B1" authority="Yamaguti, 1934" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1934" box="[727,1131,1864,1887]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Oncodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sauridae">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87B31243CE93F8B1" box="[727,951,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Oncodiscus sauridae</emphasis>
Yamaguti, 1934
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD81121243C9B5F88E" bold="true" box="[1142,1169,1864,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">14</emphasis>
, Scolex; ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC4FFDD80711243CDD5F86C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD80711243CDD5F86C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Saurida longimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD859B1261CC3EF86C" bold="true" box="[255,282,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">15</emphasis>
, Scolex; ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC4FFDD84FB1260CCDAF86C" box="[415,510,1899,1922]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synodontidae" genus="Saurida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumbil">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD84FB1260CCDAF86C" box="[415,510,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">S. tumbil</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87681261CF02F86C" bold="true" box="[524,550,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">16</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87511261CF74F86C" bold="true" box="[565,592,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">17</emphasis>
, Gravid strobila;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD86691261CE0CF86C" bold="true" box="[781,808,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">16</emphasis>
, Ventral view;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD86A81261CEC3F86C" bold="true" box="[972,999,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">17</emphasis>
, Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD81E71261C9BAF86C" bold="true" box="[1155,1182,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">18</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD81C81261C9E3F86C" bold="true" box="[1196,1223,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">24</emphasis>
, Detail of hooklets;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD85F31286CD96F84B" bold="true" box="[151,178,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">18</emphasis>
, SEM photomicrograph;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD84A71286CCFAF84B" bold="true" box="[451,478,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">24</emphasis>
, Photomicrograph.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD87D71286CFEAF84B" bold="true" box="[691,718,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">21</emphasis>
, Operculum of the egg.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD86B71286CECAF84B" bold="true" box="[979,1006,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">19</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD86981286C932F84B" bold="true" box="[1020,1046,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">20</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD81401286C91BF84B" bold="true" box="[1060,1087,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">22</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD81281286C943F84B" bold="true" box="[1100,1127,1933,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">23</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC4FFDD81111285CC3EF829" authority="Rao, 1954" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1954" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Penetrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD81111285C8B8F84B" box="[1141,1436,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Penetrocephalus ganapattii</emphasis>
(Rao, 1954)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD844112BBCC64F826" bold="true" box="[293,320,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">19</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD842912BBCC4AF826" bold="true" box="[333,366,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">23,</emphasis>
Gravid strobila;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD874212BBCF65F826" bold="true" box="[550,577,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">19</emphasis>
, Ventral view;
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD878212BBCE24F826" bold="true" box="[742,768,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">23</emphasis>
, Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD86F912BBCE9CF826" bold="true" box="[925,952,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">20</emphasis>
, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus.
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC4FFDD801F12BBC8B2F826" bold="true" box="[1403,1430,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">22</emphasis>
, Operculum of the egg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFC5FFDC85A31593CF73FE94" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
Ovary transverse elongate, lobulate, median, 240720 wide (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFC5FFDC86F71593CECFFF5C" box="[915,1003,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Vagina tubular, lateral or anterolateral to cirrus-sac. Vitelline follicles cortical, oval,
<quantity id="4CC1E486FFC5FFDC878415CBCE6CFF34" box="[736,840,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">1040 in</quantity>
diameter, numerous, in two lateral fields separated medially, reaching to posterolateral projections (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFC5FFDC87BE15E3CE44FEEC" box="[730,864,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10, 11</figureCitation>
). Uterine duct sinuous, leading to thick-walled, median uterus (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFC5FFDC8434141BCCC5FEC4" box="[336,481,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 13" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,387,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,372,1773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 13. Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954) ex Saurida micropectoralis (IPCAS C- 462 / 2). 9, 12, Schematic drawing of scolex deformatus. 10, Schematic drawing of mature segment; vitelline follicles illustrated only in the posterior segment; ventral view. 11, 13, Histological sections of gravid segments at the level of cirrus-sac; 11, cross-section; 13, sagittal section. Abbreviations: cs cirrus-sac; e eggs; lm inner longitudinal muscles; ov ovary; t testes; us uterine sac; vf vitelline follicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185187/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Figs. 10, 13</figureCitation>
), dilated ventrally in gravid segments. Uterine pore ventral, median, at distance from anterior margin of segment (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFC5FFDC87461433CF5CFEBC" box="[546,632,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Eggs oval, operculate, unembryonated, 5074 long by 3342 wide; operculum
<quantity id="4CC1E486FFC5FFDC8478146BCC50FE94" box="[284,372,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="13.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="9.0">918 in</quantity>
diameter (
<figureCitation id="130255E6FFC5FFDC8496146BCF6FFE94" box="[498,587,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 23" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,197,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[235,1355,197,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 23. Photomicrographs. 14 18, 21, 24, Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934. 14, Scolex; ex Saurida longimanus. 15, Scolex; ex S. tumbil. 16, 17, Gravid strobila; 16, Ventral view; 17, Dorsal view. 18, 24, Detail of hooklets; 18, SEM photomicrograph; 24, Photomicrograph. 21, Operculum of the egg. 19, 20, 22, 23, Penetrocephalus ganapattii (Rao, 1954). 19, 23, Gravid strobila; 19, Ventral view; 23, Dorsal view. 20, Detailed view of the envaginated cirrus. 22, Operculum of the egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185188/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3231AE8FFC5FFDC85A3148CCC87FCDC" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B864963FFC5FFDC85A3148CC859FD7C" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC85A3148CCC66FE4F" bold="true" box="[199,322,391,417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Remarks:</emphasis>
The original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC5FFDC87EB1483CEF6FE4F" box="[655,978,392,417]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Bothriocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC87EB1483CEF6FE4F" box="[655,978,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Bothriocephalus ganapattii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was very brief (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC81F01483C837FE4C" author="Rao" box="[1172,1299,392,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1954) A new bothriocephalid parasite (Cestoda) from the gut of the fish Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Current Science, 23, 333 - 334." type="journal article" year="1954">Rao, 1954</bibRefCitation>
), which led
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC85F314BBCC45FE24" author="Protasova" box="[151,353,432,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Protasova, E. N. (1977) Cestodes of fish - Bothriocephalata. Principles of cestodology. Vol. 8. Nauka, Moscow, 298 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1977">Protasova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC84C414BBCF52FE24" box="[416,630,432,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Bray, R. A., Jones, A. &amp; Andersen, K. I. (1994) Order Pseudophyllidea Carus, 1863. In: Khalil, L. F., Jones, A. &amp; Bray, R. A. (Eds.) Keys to the cestode parasites of vertebrates. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 205 - 247." type="book chapter">
Bray
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC848614BBCF3BFE27" box="[482,543,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(1994)
</bibRefCitation>
to consider
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC5FFDC866914BBCE8DFE27" box="[781,937,432,457]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Bothriocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC866914BBCE8DFE27" box="[781,937,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">B. ganapattii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC86AD14BBC955FE27" box="[969,1137,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">nomen nudum</emphasis>
. However, the species is clearly recognizable on the basis of its original description because it possesses a
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC813C14D3C809FE1F" box="[1112,1325,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">scolex deformatus</emphasis>
that penetrates the intestine and forms a cyst in the mesentery or in the liver (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC86A1170BC919FDF4" author="Rao" box="[965,1085,512,538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1954) A new bothriocephalid parasite (Cestoda) from the gut of the fish Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Current Science, 23, 333 - 334." type="journal article" year="1954">Rao 1954</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC8135170BC867FDF4" author="Subhapradha" box="[1105,1347,512,538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67" refString="Subhapradha, C. K. (1955) Two new bothriocephalids from marine fish Saurida tumbil (Bl.). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Series B, 41, 20 - 30." type="journal article" year="1955">Subhapradha (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, probably not aware of Raos (1954) publication, described an apparently conspecific cestode,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC5FFDC81BE1723CC37FD87" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Bothriocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="penetratus">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC81BE1723CC37FD87" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Bothriocephalus penetratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both taxa parasitize the same fish host in the same region and are morphologically indistinguishable. Therefore, they are considered synonymous (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC87831773CE79FD7C" author="Rao" box="[743,861,632,658]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1960) Studies on Penetrocephalus ganapatii, a new genus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the marine teleost, Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Parasitology, 50, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1960">Rao 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC860D1773C95CFD7C" author="Kuchta" box="[873,1144,632,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Kuchta, R. &amp; Scholz, T. (2007) Diversity and distribution of fish tapeworms of the &quot; Bothriocephalidea &quot; (Eucestoda). Parassitologia, 49, 21 - 38." type="journal article" year="2007">Kuchta &amp; Scholz 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC81E01773C854FD7C" author="Kuchta" box="[1156,1392,632,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Kuchta, R., Scholz, T. &amp; Bray, R. A. (2008 b) Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec &amp; Bray 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnosis and key to families and genera. Systematic Parasitology, 71, 81 - 136." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">
Kuchta
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC81841773C83FFD7F" box="[1248,1307,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
2008b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B864963FFC5FFDC85A317ABCC87FCDC" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC85A317ABCC69FD54" author="Rao" box="[199,333,672,698]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Rao, K. H. (1960) Studies on Penetrocephalus ganapatii, a new genus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the marine teleost, Saurida tumbil (Bloch). Parasitology, 50, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1960">Rao (1960)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC5FFDC871617ABCE12FD57" box="[626,822,672,697]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Penetrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC871617ABCE12FD57" box="[626,822,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Penetrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to accommodate
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC5FFDC817717ABC989FD57" box="[1043,1197,672,697]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Bothriocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapattii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC817717ABC989FD57" box="[1043,1197,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">B. ganapattii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the type- and only species was misspelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C3932E0FFC5FFDC84BA17C3CF54FD0F" box="[478,624,712,737]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Penetrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ganapatii">
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC84BA17C3CF54FD0F" box="[478,624,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">P. ganapatii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The genus was invalidated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC816C17C3C9F2FD0C" author="Protasova" box="[1032,1238,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Protasova, E. N. (1977) Cestodes of fish - Bothriocephalata. Principles of cestodology. Vol. 8. Nauka, Moscow, 298 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1977">Protasova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC807317C3CDCCFCE4" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Bray, R. A., Jones, A. &amp; Andersen, K. I. (1994) Order Pseudophyllidea Carus, 1863. In: Khalil, L. F., Jones, A. &amp; Bray, R. A. (Eds.) Keys to the cestode parasites of vertebrates. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 205 - 247." type="book chapter">
Bray
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC803817C3C8BFFD0F" box="[1372,1435,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(1994)
</bibRefCitation>
, but resurrected by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA83492FFC5FFDC84AB17FBCFEAFCE4" box="[463,718,752,778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Kuchta, R., Scholz, T. &amp; Bray, R. A. (2008 b) Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec &amp; Bray 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnosis and key to families and genera. Systematic Parasitology, 71, 81 - 136." type="journal article">
Kuchta
<emphasis id="B94D9571FFC5FFDC874F17FBCF41FCE7" box="[555,613,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(2008b)
</bibRefCitation>
; the validity of the genus is also supported by molecular data (Kuchta 2007, fig. 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>