179 lines
18 KiB
XML
179 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5c61646-70dc-471b-9bd8-0b407e1cedc4" ID-PMC="PMC7449986" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-961-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC" ID-PubMed="32904058" ID-ZooBank="C5E8BED7F08549A999C60C3AA8492D09" ModsDocID="1313-2970-961-1" checkinTime="1597940209253" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M." docDate="2020" docId="8FFB2F2443E15FD889BC6B1423B95F3F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 961: 1-30" docOrigin="ZooKeys 961" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846" docTitle="Psammogorgia arbuscula subsp. var. var. dowii Verrill 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169285062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the genus Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Investigacion en Estructuras Microscopicas, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 0843 - 03092, Panama, Republic of Panama</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">odaliscab@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guzman, Hector M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 0843 - 03092, Panama, Republic of Panama</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>961</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>30</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-961-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5E8BED7F08549A999C60C3AA8492D09</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284435" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8FFB2F2443E15FD889BC6B1423B95F3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FFB2F2443E15FD889BC6B1423B95F3F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8FFB2F24-43E1-5FD8-89BC-6B1423B95F3F" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia arbuscula subsp. var. var. dowii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="var." variety="dowii">Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A colony B detail of branches C coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A spindles B radiate and cross C wart clubs D anthocodial spindles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia arbuscula subsp. var. var. dowii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="var." variety="dowii">Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868b: 415;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1919. Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen "Valdivia" 1898-99, 13(2): 1-946." title="Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen " Valdivia " 1898 - 99, 13 (2): 1 - 946." year="1919">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1919
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 237;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harden, DG" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Harden, DG, 1979. Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). PhD thesis, Illinois, Illinois State University." title="Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). PhD thesis, Illinois, Illinois State University." year="1979">Harden 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 117.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia arbuscula subsp. dowii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="dowii">Psammogorgia arbuscula dowii</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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, 1924: 107.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntypes</emphasis>
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: YPM 1787, dry, Pearl Islands,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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, F.H. Bradley, 1866-1867, no additional data. YPM 8684 (fragments, mixture of species), not
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. arbuscula subsp. var. var. dowii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="var." variety="dowii">P. arbuscula var. dowii</taxonomicName>
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, dry, Pearl Islands,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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, F.H. Bradley, 1866-1867, no additional data.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The syntype YPM 1787 is a small, 5.8 cm long dark red colony of two dichotomous branches. A 1.1 cm long stem arises from an oval holdfast ~ 1 cm in diameter (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A colony B detail of branches C coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
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). The holdfast is covered by a thin layer of coenenchyme without polyps. The stem is 2.0 mm in diameter and bifurcates, subdividing in two branchlets up to 3.5 cm long. The branchlets are of the same diameter as the stem, with rounded tips. The branchlets bifurcate at angles of 45°, ascending parallel and are slightly curved. Terminal branchlets are 6-35 mm long (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A colony B detail of branches C coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
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). The coenenchyme is granulose and brittle. Coenenchymal sclerites are of different forms: irregular spindles with acute or bifurcated ends, some are slightly curved (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A spindles B radiate and cross C wart clubs D anthocodial spindles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
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), 0.14-0.21 mm long and 0.05-0.09 mm wide. Warty radiates and crosses are 0.13-0.15 mm long and 0.10-0.11 mm wide (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A spindles B radiate and cross C wart clubs D anthocodial spindles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B</figureCitation>
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). Wart-clubs are 0.11-0.18 mm long and 0.05-0.085 mm wide at the expanded head being variable in form with a larger end expanded and covered with thorny warts and leaf-like projections (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A spindles B radiate and cross C wart clubs D anthocodial spindles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6C</figureCitation>
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). Coenenchymal sclerites are of various colours: orange, red, and darker (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A colony B detail of branches C coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia arbuscula subsp. var. var. dowii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="var." variety="dowii">Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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colony
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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detail of branches
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The calyces are arranged all around the branches, not very close, slightly raised up to 0.5 mm tall as small mounds composed of eight marginal lobes with small polyp apertures at the summits (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A colony B detail of branches C coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
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). Thorny, irregular spindles and some wart-clubs appear often, around the calyx aperture. The anthocodial armature is well developed and composed of spiny spindles arranged in a collaret and points, 0.12-0.20 mm long and 0.032-0.056 mm wide (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A spindles B radiate and cross C wart clubs D anthocodial spindles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
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); its flat rods are with small tubercles and scattered warts. Anthocodial sclerites are red and orange (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787 A colony B detail of branches C coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia arbuscula subsp. var. var. dowii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="var." variety="dowii">Psammogorgia arbuscula var. dowii</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868. YPM 1787
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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spindles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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radiate and cross
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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wart clubs
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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anthocodial spindles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks and comparison.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The calyces in this specimen are more separated and do not have swollen polyp apertures as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. arbuscula subsp. typica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="typica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. arbuscula typica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="377 - 558" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" refId="B41" refString="Verrill, AE, 1868b. Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition) 1 (2): 377 - 558, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" volume="1" year="1868 b">Verrill (1868b)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned a more flabellate colony but YPM 1787 is not flabellate having only a few branches.
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<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="377 - 558" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" refId="B41" refString="Verrill, AE, 1868b. Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition) 1 (2): 377 - 558, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" volume="1" year="1868 b">Verrill (1868b)</bibRefCitation>
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did not provide data approximately the size of sclerites of this variety, uniquely pointing out that the sclerites resemble the ones of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. arbuscula subsp. typica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="typica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. arbuscula typica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We found that the sclerites of the only specimen of this variety are smaller and similar to, the ones of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. arbuscula subsp. typica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="arbuscula" subSpecies="typica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. arbuscula typica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Specimen YPM 8684 corresponds to several colony fragments belonging to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. teres" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teres">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. teres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. arbuscula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. arbuscula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and an undetermined species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Tropical eastern Pacific: only reported from the type locality, Pearl Islands,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |