treatments-xml/data/8F/2B/DE/8F2BDE14FF87785717C9F9CDFDE91B1E.xml

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<mods:title id="AD055712842F7C10FEE4943DEC9125E5">Xanthosoma gratiae (Araceae), a new species from the cordillera ChongónColonche in coastal Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BDCED25FB1EF0D0487BC735B21291AC3">Cornejo, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="23C1A7F834431734AF7A286BAC2BB8DA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4081-4047</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="313CE08F6B28F91505B11F19B6E91954">Herbario GUAY, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Av. Raúl Gómez Lince s. n. y Av. Juan Tanca Marengo (campus Mapasingue), P. O. Box 09 - 01 - 10634, Guayaquil, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BD14E862AF9629DC66555849892C579E" type="email">xcornejoguay@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5091437F7B7882A1C5410DED4A86B13F">Croat, Tom</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="05521E715BCE2E2E9E08D500542CDE5E">P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="09BE91A53864EB05FA11CCC3606B293E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4211672BCEE62C12675C991D2E66D220">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="4F983C89FF87785217C9F9CDFCA6182C" box="[136,776,1620,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF87785217C9F9CDFCA6182C" blockId="1.[136,776,1620,1647]" box="[136,776,1620,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
<heading id="5C75D86EFF87785217C9F9CDFCA6182C" bold="true" box="[136,776,1620,1647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" reason="1">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF87785217C9F9CDFCA6182C" bold="true" box="[136,776,1620,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF87785217C9F9CDFDE6182C" authority="Cornejo &amp; Croat" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,584,1620,1647]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF87785217C9F9CDFEDC182C" bold="true" box="[136,370,1620,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
Cornejo &amp; Croat
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8778521515F9CDFD04182C" bold="true" box="[596,682,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EC50E6BFF8778521515F9CDFD04182C" box="[596,682,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9FB97387FF87785215FBF9CDFD50182C" box="[698,766,1620,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,190,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[196,1392,190,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xanthosoma gratiae Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence with closed spathe tube, anterior view; B, Inflorescence with open cut spathe tube, anterior view; C, Spathe, note the yellowish-green color at upper two thirds, posterior view; D, Fertile stamens; E, Close up of inner spathe tube exhibiting translucent microdroplets of glandular exudate; F, Plant with fully mature ovate-cordate leaves in an open environment in the type locality; G, Close up of pistillate inflorescence and lower staminodes, note the full green color of spathe tube inside, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7003023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7003023/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F983C89FF87785217C9F939FF501907" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF87785217C9F939FF501907" blockId="1.[136,1452,1696,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF87785217C9F939FF501907" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF87785217C9F939FE2118F7" box="[136,399,1696,1717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gratiae" subSpecies="differs">Xanthosoma gratiae differs</taxonomicName>
from all species in the group Chamaexanthosoma by the colour of the spathe blade which is yellowish-green to light yellow or yellowish-cream without, and the leaf blades with obtuse apex. 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF87785214A9F95DFB00189B" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[1000,1198,1732,1753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">Xanthosoma gratiae</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8778521277F95DFE6018BF" authority="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat" authorityName="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perssonii">X. perssonii Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat</taxonomicName>
, but also differs by the length of the spadix with a shorter staminate portion 7.0– 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF87785213A4F971FA9C18BF" box="[1253,1330,1768,1789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" unit="cm" value="10.5">10.5 cm</quantity>
long (vs. 
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long), a shorter pistillate portion 2.5–3.0 cm long (vs. 
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long), and the consistently light green (vs. dark purple) spathe tube inside.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="073D6F02FF87785217C9F8CDFD941994" blockId="1.[136,1452,1696,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF87785217C9F8CDFF6C192B" bold="true" box="[136,194,1876,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Type:</emphasis>
— 
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<collectingCountry id="7F952F92FF877852179AF8CDFEFC192B" box="[219,338,1876,1897]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="C546A1E0FF877852161AF8CDFE09192B" box="[347,423,1876,1897]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Guayas</collectingRegion>
: 
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, cerca al límite noroccidental del 
<collectingMunicipality id="E759F578FF8778521435F8CDFB0A1928" box="[884,1188,1876,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco</collectingMunicipality>
, ca. 10 W from 
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, 
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25’’S, 
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, ca. 
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<elevation id="8CAF8831FF877852154AF8E1FDE319CF" box="[523,589,1912,1933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
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, seasonally deciduous dry forest, 
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<collectingDate id="6378B02AFF87785214E5F8E1FB8D19CF" box="[932,1059,1912,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" value="2022-02-12">12 Feb 2022</collectingDate>
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(y. fl),
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fully flowered in cultivation in Guayaquil, 
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, 
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, ca. 
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</quantity>
, 
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<collectingDate id="6378B02AFF87785215C3F805FCEE19F3" box="[642,832,1948,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" value="2022-02-16" valueMax="2022-03-07" valueMin="2022-02-16">16 Feb–7 Mar 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl), 
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<collectorName id="AA770AD4FF8778521430F805FC7319F3" box="[881,989,1948,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">X. Cornejo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="AA770AD4FF87785214A6F805FB9C19F3" box="[999,1074,1948,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">J. Josse</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="AA770AD4FF8778521311F805FB1E19F3" box="[1104,1200,1948,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">L. Alcívar</collectorName>
10019
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF87785213BEF805FAFB19F0" box="[1279,1365,1948,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
GUAY!, mounted material and spirit collection)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF84785117C9FF07FBA91D27" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
Stemless tuberous herb to 
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tall; 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851157FFF07FDD71EFA" box="[574,633,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">tuber</emphasis>
depressed-oblate, drying ca. 
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diameter. 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785113C2FF07FB411EFA" box="[1155,1263,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Prophylls</emphasis>
(only one seen) oblong-lanceolate, membranous, 2-costate, ca. 9 x 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511590FF5BFC8D1E9F" box="[721,803,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
, subhyaline creamish-white, the costa yellowish. 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851121FFF5AFA021E9E" box="[1374,1452,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Leaves</emphasis>
erect to erect-spreading; petioles 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785116B9FF7FFDC81F43" box="[504,614,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 cm</quantity>
long, sheathed 1/3 to less than ½ its length, light-green, drying dark brown, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785117C9FE93FF731F67" box="[136,221,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
diam. near the base, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511694FE93FDEC1F67" box="[469,578,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
diam. midway, 
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diam. near the apex; blades spreading to somewhat reflexed, ovate-cordate, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785116DEFEB7FDBF1F0B" box="[415,529,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851151EFEB7FD7F1F0B" box="[607,721,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="26.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="20.0">20–32 cm</quantity>
wide, 1.2 to 1.6 as long as wide, 0.5 times as long as petiole, broadest across the posterior lobes, upper surface middle green, slightly sulcate to flat and glossy along veins, drying thin, brownish green, glabrous above, paler green and medium-glossy throughout, primary lateral veins 4–5 per side, prominent, strongly and concolorous below; slightly to broadly obtuse and apiculate at apex (apiculum 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511246FE03FACD1FF7" box="[1287,1379,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
long), prominently lobed at base; anterior lobe 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851150CFE27FD121F9B" box="[589,700,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 cm</quantity>
long, margins straight to slightly convex, entire; posterior lobes 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785112CEFE27FF621FBF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="9.0">9– 19 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511653FE7BFEDC1FBF" box="[274,370,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="9.0">9–18 cm</quantity>
wide, obtuse to rounded, often overlapping at the base; basal veins 5–6 pairs, 1 
<superScript id="F0F7C24AFF84785113A3FE7BFB431FB2" attach="left" box="[1250,1261,482,496]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">st</superScript>
pair free to base, 2 
<superScript id="F0F7C24AFF84785117D7FD9FFF081C56" attach="left" box="[150,166,518,532]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">nd</superScript>
basioscopic; posterior rib not naked, branching before reaching the tip of the posterior lobe; sinus up to 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851126FFD9FFACB1C63" box="[1326,1381,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
width at base. 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785117A0FDB3FE2C1C06" box="[225,386,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Inflorescences</emphasis>
1 per axil, erect; peduncle 30–47 × 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851144FFDB3FC231C07" box="[782,909,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
, pale green, glossy when fresh; 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785113AFFDB3FA991C06" box="[1262,1335,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">spathe</emphasis>
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851127CFDB3FA051C07" box="[1341,1451,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="18.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="15.0">15–21 cm</quantity>
long, tube middle green, slightly glossy, inconspicuously and finely sulcate longitudinally outside (observable under magnifying glass), light green with weak longitudinally veins, glandular within, 3.5–5.5 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785113EDFDEBFB591CCF" box="[1196,1271,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="2.6">2.6 cm</quantity>
when fresh, 4 × 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785117C9FD0FFF7D1CF3" box="[136,211,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
when dry; blade yellowish-green to light yellow or yellowish-cream outside, creamish-green to creamish-white inside, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851179AFD23FE901C97" box="[219,318,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 cm</quantity>
long when fresh, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511551FD23FDDC1C97" box="[528,626,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11 cm</quantity>
when dry; 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785115B6FD23FCEE1C96" box="[759,832,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">spadix</emphasis>
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511408FD23FC141C97" box="[841,954,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18 cm</quantity>
long, staminate portion 7.0–10.5 × 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511216FD23FF041CBB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.4 cm</quantity>
and white when fresh, 6–8 × 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511547FD47FDDE1CBB" box="[518,624,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 cm</quantity>
when dry, sterile portion fully covered by staminodia, these 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851126DFD47FA051CBB" box="[1324,1451,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511789FC9BFE8B1D5F" box="[200,293,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
diam. in the middle, c. 3.5 × 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511531FC9BFD121D5F" box="[624,700,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="0.2">0.2 cm</quantity>
when dry, white, the lower part with thickened staminodia 2.5–5.0 mm long when fresh, white or light brownish-pink; pistillate portion 2.5–3.0 × 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF847851135DFCBFFB321D03" box="[1052,1180,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.4 cm</quantity>
and yellowish-white to creamish-yellow when fresh, 2 × ca. 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8478511567FCD3FDDC1D27" box="[550,626,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
when dry. 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785115AFFCD3FC321D26" box="[750,924,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Infructescences</emphasis>
not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F983C89FF84785117FCFCF7FA8819DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF84785117FCFCF7FD541B7A" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785117FCFCF7FEEB1DCA" bold="true" box="[189,325,878,904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Discussion:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511620FCF7FDE61DCA" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[353,584,878,904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511620FCF7FDE61DCA" box="[353,584,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a member of the 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851147DFCF7FB8F1DCA" box="[828,1057,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Chamaexanthosoma</emphasis>
group can be recognized from all remaining species in the group by the spathe blade being yellowish-green to light yellow or yellowish-cream at maturity without and the leaf blades with an obtuse apex. Within the species of this group, the fully light green spathe inside is only shared with 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785116EDFC42FB851DB7" authority="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat (2019: 158)" authorityName="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="2019" box="[428,1067,986,1013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayaquilense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785116EDFC42FDC21DB6" box="[428,620,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. guayaquilense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="631312F3FF8478511532FC43FB851DB7" author="Delannay, X. &amp; Cornejo, X. &amp; Croat, T. B." box="[627,1067,986,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" pagination="152 - 165" refId="ref3388" refString="Delannay, X., Cornejo, X. &amp; Croat, T. B. (2019) Two new Xanthosoma (Araceae) species from Guayas province, Western Ecuador. Aroideana 42: 152 - 165." type="journal article" year="2019">Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat (2019:158)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511320FC42FB7E1DB6" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[1121,1232,987,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511320FC42FB7E1DB6" box="[1121,1232,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs at first sight from the latter species by the leaf blade shape, apex, size, arrangement and absence of pubescence. By the stemless habit, the leaf blades ovate-cordate of similar sizes with 4–5 pairs of primary lateral veins and the usually overlapping posterior lobes, 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511603FBDFFD871A22" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[322,553,1094,1120]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511603FBDFFD871A22" box="[322,553,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may resemble 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF847851159DFBDEFB091A22" authority="Delannay et al. (2019: 160)" authorityName="Delannay" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="2019" box="[732,1191,1094,1120]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perssonii">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851159DFBDEFCCB1A22" box="[732,869,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. perssonii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="631312F3FF847851142FFBDFFB091A22" author="Delannay, X. &amp; Cornejo, X. &amp; Croat, T. B." box="[878,1191,1094,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" pagination="152 - 165" refId="ref3388" refString="Delannay, X., Cornejo, X. &amp; Croat, T. B. (2019) Two new Xanthosoma (Araceae) species from Guayas province, Western Ecuador. Aroideana 42: 152 - 165." type="journal article" year="2019">
Delannay 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785114A5FBDEFBB11A22" box="[996,1055,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
(2019:160)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but in addition to the distinctive aforementioned characters the former species also differs from the later by the consistently light green inner spathe tube color (vs. dark purple), the spadix of shorter length, and different life zone. 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF847851131DFB17FAEE1AEA" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[1116,1344,1166,1192]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851131DFB17FAEE1AEA" box="[1116,1344,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also resemble 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785117B7FB2AFD771A8F" authority="Croat &amp; Delannay (2017: 152)" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="2017" box="[246,729,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785117B7FB2AFED51A8E" box="[246,379,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="631312F3FF84785116C2FB2BFD771A8F" author="Croat, T. B. &amp; Delannay, X. &amp; Hannon, L. P." box="[387,729,1202,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" pagination="4 - 503" refId="ref3345" refString="Croat, T. B., Delannay, X. &amp; Hannon, L. P. (2017) A Revision of Xanthosoma (Araceae). Part 1: Western South America. Aroideana 40: 4 - 503." type="journal article" year="2017">Croat &amp; Delannay (2017:152)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785115A3FB2AFCA81A8E" box="[738,774,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EC50E6BFF84785115A3FB2AFCA81A8E" box="[738,774,1203,1228]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, another endemic to the 
<collectingRegion id="C546A1E0FF8478511365FB2BFB4D1A8E" box="[1060,1251,1202,1228]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Guayas province</collectingRegion>
that also belongs to the same 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511651FB4FFE5B1AB2" box="[272,501,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Chamaexanthosoma</emphasis>
group, but the new species, in addition to the mentioned distinctive colors of spathe also differs from the latter by the leaf blades ovate-cordate, broader, with the inner sinus up to 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF84785113E8FB63FB441B57" box="[1193,1258,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
width, otherwise usually closed, and the blade apex obtuse and apiculate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF84785117FCFADAFA8819DE" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
In the original publication of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511559FADAFD311B1E" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[536,671,1346,1372]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511559FADAFD311B1E" box="[536,671,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the selected 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF8478511400FADBFC081B1E" box="[833,934,1346,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785114F4FADBFBFE1B1E" box="[949,1104,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Harling 4801</emphasis>
(S), consisted of a leaf blade without petiole and a detached spathe blade, the remaining reproductive parts of inflorescence are missing, the distinctive full colors of spathe are handwritten by Harling himself in the mounted type label as: ¨Spathe green at base, white in its upper part, violet red in the throat¨. As the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF847851130DFA36FB7F1B8A" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1100,1233,1454,1480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851130DFA36FB7F1B8A" box="[1100,1233,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been based on the fragmentary poor 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF847851163CFA4BFE711BAE" box="[381,479,1490,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and only one fertile 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF8478511588FA4AFC871BAF" box="[713,809,1491,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851147AFA4AFBEC1BAE" box="[827,1090,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Cornejo &amp; Bonifaz 989</emphasis>
, GUAY), the description of this species is mostly based on the only cited 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF8478511516FA6EFD191853" box="[599,695,1527,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511589FA6EFC601852" box="[712,974,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Cornejo &amp; Bonifaz 989</emphasis>
, GUAY), that was gathered at the north of cordillera Chongón Colonche in western 
<collectingCountry id="7F952F92FF847851151CF983FD131876" box="[605,701,1562,1588]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. However, the discussed 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF847851149DF982FB921877" box="[988,1084,1563,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511324F982FB441876" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1125,1258,1562,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511324F982FB441876" box="[1125,1258,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically and phytogeographically fits well within 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF847851151AF9A6FD62181A" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[603,716,1599,1624]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF847851151AF9A6FD62181A" box="[603,716,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species that was found at the southeastern terminal end of the same mountain range. In contrast, the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785115ABF9FAFCC0183E" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[746,878,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785115ABF9FAFCC0183E" box="[746,878,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was from a different ecosystem at the altitudinally lower 
<collectingRegion id="C546A1E0FF847851178EF91FFE8D18E2" box="[207,291,1670,1696]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Guayas</collectingRegion>
basin watershed. Recently, a not previously known fertile isotype of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511371F91EFB1A18E2" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1072,1204,1670,1696]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511371F91EFB1A18E2" box="[1072,1204,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that was not included in the original publication of the species has been found at MO, the images are posted in Tropicos (https://www. tropicos.org/name/100442254). The mentioned isotype adds additional valuable information on the inflorescence and leaf blade of 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511665F96AFE79194E" box="[292,471,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511665F96AFE04194E" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[292,426,1778,1804]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="daulense">X. daulense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EC50E6BFF84785116F5F96AFE79194E" box="[436,471,1779,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
that allow us to understand the real boundaries of the species and makes clear after studying 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785117B0F88EFECC1972" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[241,354,1815,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785117B0F88EFECC1972" box="[241,354,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the field and in cultivated material that the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511335F88EFB561972" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1140,1272,1814,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511335F88EFB561972" box="[1140,1272,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of intermixed traits of the two closely related species discussed herein. Therefore, the cited 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF8478511327F8A2FB681917" box="[1126,1222,1851,1877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511396F8A2FF1C193A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Cornejo &amp; Bonifaz 989</emphasis>
, GUAY) of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511678F8C6FE15193A" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[313,443,1886,1912]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daulense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511678F8C6FE15193A" box="[313,443,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. daulense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here recorded as belonging to the new species 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511496F8C6FBE8193A" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[983,1094,1887,1912]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511496F8C6FBE8193A" box="[983,1094,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785113C0F8C6FA85193A" box="[1153,1323,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785113C0F8C6FAAC193A" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1153,1282,1886,1912]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="daulense">X. daulense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EC50E6BFF8478511249F8C6FA85193A" box="[1288,1323,1887,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is regarded as a validly published poorly known species closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8478511405F81AFC1319DE" box="[836,957,1923,1948]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eggersii">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511405F81AFC1319DE" box="[836,957,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">X. eggersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="631312F3FF847851148DF81BFB2319DE" author="Croat, T. B. &amp; Delannay, X. &amp; Hannon, L. P." box="[972,1165,1922,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" pagination="4 - 503" refId="ref3345" refString="Croat, T. B., Delannay, X. &amp; Hannon, L. P. (2017) A Revision of Xanthosoma (Araceae). Part 1: Western South America. Aroideana 40: 4 - 503." type="journal article" year="2017">
Croat 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8478511352F81AFBE519DE" box="[1043,1099,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
; see 
<tableCitation id="4A005AB9FF8478511382F81BFABB19DE" box="[1219,1301,1922,1948]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,302,328]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological characters of Xanthosoma gratiae and closely related species, all present and allopatric in the province of Guayas, western Ecuador." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/53FD3F8AFF87785217C9FEB7FDF21F2E" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" tableUuid="53FD3F8AFF87785217C9FEB7FDF21F2E">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F983C89FF84785717FCF83FFAA61FD2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF84785117FCF83FFD8D166E" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785117FCF83FFEE61982" bold="true" box="[189,328,1958,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The epithet 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785116ABF83EFD951982" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[490,571,1959,1984]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF84785116ABF83EFD951982" box="[490,571,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that is in Latin means beauty of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF84785114EDF83FFBBC1982" box="[940,1042,1958,1984]" form="and" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
manifestation of a favor. This refers to the nice appearance of the plant and largely to the fact that while exploring in the field the new species was found just few minutes after the 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF84785116F7F876FE48164B" box="[438,486,2031,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">type</typeStatus>
collector specifically asked Yeshua if a new species still could be found in a highly disturbed habitat as the 
<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF84785116D3F78AFE6C166F" box="[402,450,2067,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<caption id="53FD3F8AFF85785017C9F8E6FE2C1664" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7003023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7003023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7003023/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" startId="3.[136,229,1919,1941]" targetBox="[196,1392,190,1895]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF85785017C9F8E6FE2C1664" blockId="3.[136,1452,1919,2086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF85785017C9F8E6FF5119D7" bold="true" box="[136,255,1919,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8578501647F819FCB119D4" authority="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[262,799,1920,1942]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8578501647F819FE6419D7" box="[262,458,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence
</taxonomicName>
with closed spathe tube, anterior view; B, Inflorescence with open cut spathe tube, anterior view; C, Spathe, note the yellowish-green color at upper two thirds, posterior view; D, Fertile stamens; E, Close up of inner spathe tube exhibiting translucent microdroplets of glandular exudate; F, Plant with fully mature ovate-cordate leaves in an open environment in the type locality; G, Close up of pistillate inflorescence and lower staminodes, note the full green color of spathe tube inside, anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF82785717FCFF07FAA61FD2" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785717FCFF07FE5F1EFA" bold="true" box="[189,497,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF827857154CFF07FD5D1EFA" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[525,755,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF827857154CFF07FD5D1EFA" box="[525,755,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only by two collections gathered between ca. 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF82785712C0FF07FF301E9F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="240.0">
<elevation id="8CAF8831FF82785712C0FF07FF301E9F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="C07AC2E7FF8278571783FF5BFEA21E9F" box="[194,268,194,221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="8CAF8831FF8278571783FF5BFEA21E9F" box="[194,268,194,221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, at the north and southeast of cordillera 
<location id="025D39D9FF8278571590FF5BFC011E9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F2BDE14FF87785717C9F9CDFDE91B1E:025D39D9FF8278571590FF5BFC011E9E" box="[721,943,194,220]" country="Ecuador" county="The" municipality="Cerro Blanco" name="Chongon-Colonche" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" stateProvince="Guayas">Chongón-Colonche</location>
, that is an extra 
<location id="025D39D9FF8278571324FF5BFAD81E9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F2BDE14FF87785717C9F9CDFDE91B1E:025D39D9FF8278571324FF5BFAD81E9F" box="[1125,1398,194,221]" country="Ecuador" county="The" municipality="Cerro Blanco" name="Andean mountain range" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" stateProvince="Guayas">Andean mountain range</location>
, in a seasonally disturbed 
<location id="025D39D9FF8278571630FF7FFE111F42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F2BDE14FF87785717C9F9CDFDE91B1E:025D39D9FF8278571630FF7FFE111F42" box="[369,447,230,256]" country="Ecuador" county="The" municipality="Cerro Blanco" name="Pacific" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" stateProvince="Guayas">Pacific</location>
dry and transitional to moist forests west to northwest from 
<location id="025D39D9FF827857131AFF7FFB7D1F42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F2BDE14FF87785717C9F9CDFDE91B1E:025D39D9FF827857131AFF7FFB7D1F42" box="[1115,1235,230,256]" country="Ecuador" county="The" municipality="Cerro Blanco" name="Guayaquil" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" stateProvince="Guayas">Guayaquil</location>
, in the provinces of 
<collectingRegion id="C546A1E0FF82785717C9FE93FF721F66" box="[136,220,266,292]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Guayas</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="C546A1E0FF8278571650FE93FEC71F66" box="[273,361,266,292]" country="Ecuador" name="Manabi" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Manabí</collectingRegion>
, in coastal 
<collectingCountry id="7F952F92FF82785716A5FE93FDEA1F66" box="[484,580,266,292]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="025D39D9FF827857150CFE92FDF01F67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F2BDE14FF87785717C9F9CDFDE91B1E:025D39D9FF827857150CFE92FDF01F67" box="[589,606,267,293]" country="Ecuador" county="The" municipality="Cerro Blanco" name="It" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" stateProvince="Guayas">It</location>
is expected to be found on the western side of 
<collectingMunicipality id="E759F578FF8278571325FE93FB571F66" box="[1124,1273,266,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Cerro Blanco</collectingMunicipality>
private reserve. 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785717C9FEB7FEC41F0A" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,362,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785717C9FEB7FEC41F0A" box="[136,362,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on dark-chocolate clayish soils that are a superficially rich in organic matter, but abundantly rocky and lighter ferruginous-brown in deeper layers. 
<collectingCounty id="EE5C178EFF82785715A6FECBFCBD1F2E" box="[743,787,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">The</collectingCounty>
presence of tubers that have the ability of sprouting during the rainy season throughout years makes this species a seasonally persistent herb on disturbed habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F983C89FF82785717FCFE03FEBC1B56" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="description">
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF82785717FCFE03FB601D5E" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785717FCFE03FE511FF6" bold="true" box="[189,511,410,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Phenology and cultivation:</emphasis>
—Vegetatively growing and flowering from February to March, accomplishing full life cycle once in a year, during the rainy season only. Similar to 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8278571437FE26FAD41F9A" authority="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat" authorityName="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat" authorityYear="2019" box="[886,1402,446,472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayaquilense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8278571437FE26FB971F9A" box="[886,1081,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. guayaquilense</emphasis>
Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat
</taxonomicName>
and the sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8278571667FE7AFD751FBE" authority="Croat &amp; Delannay (2017: 164)" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="2017" box="[294,731,482,508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8278571667FE7AFE2D1FBE" box="[294,387,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. diazii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="631312F3FF82785716CBFE7BFD751FBE" author="Croat, T. B. &amp; Delannay, X. &amp; Hannon, L. P." box="[394,731,482,508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="4 - 503" refId="ref3345" refString="Croat, T. B., Delannay, X. &amp; Hannon, L. P. (2017) A Revision of Xanthosoma (Araceae). Part 1: Western South America. Aroideana 40: 4 - 503." type="journal article" year="2017">Croat &amp; Delannay (2017:164)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both also endemics to the seasonal Pacific dry forests of coastal 
<collectingCountry id="7F952F92FF82785717C9FD9FFF461C62" box="[136,232,518,544]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. The phenology of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785716FFFD9EFD831C62" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[446,557,519,544]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785716FFFD9EFD831C62" box="[446,557,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is triggered at the beginning of rainy season, induced by the changes of weather parameters such as increase in environmental moisture, regional temperature, and presence of rains. The whole aerial part of the plant fades in April before the end of rainy season, and the species is apparently absent during the dry season from June to December. During this period, the total absence of rain generates a marked stress effect on native vegetation that exhibits a strongly deciduous behavior and conspicuously transforms the habitat and landscape where 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785717C9FD22FF591C96" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,247,699,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785717C9FD22FF591C96" box="[136,247,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs, from a luxuriant green appearance to predominantly leafless and grayish-opaque which is in contrast to the scattered evergreen floristic elements, among which, the tubers of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785714F1FD46FBB11CBA" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[944,1055,735,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785714F1FD46FBB11CBA" box="[944,1055,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain undetected few centimeters underground waiting for the next seasonal changes that will allow them to sprout and grow again.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF82785717FCFCBEFAB81D26" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">It has been observed that the glandular tissue at the inner spathe tube behind the pistillate portion segregates a hyaline exudate at same time as the stigmas are wet and the inflorescence produces scent near midnight.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF82785717FCFCF7FEE31DB6" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785717FCFCF7FE0F1DCA" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,417,878,904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785717FCFCF7FE0F1DCA" box="[189,417,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the few native herbs that can be cultivated as an ornamental under shade in tropical warm cities as Guayaquil. The new species can be reproduced by propagules or vegetative seedlings. Therefore, efforts for conservation of this endangered new species must consider the vegetative propagation and cultivation as a seasonal ornamental plant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073D6F02FF82785717FCFC67FEBC1B56" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785717FCFC67FE181A5A" bold="true" box="[189,438,1022,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—The less than 20 individuals found in the habitat that is threatened by selective cutting and occasionally fires during the dry season and mainly by the unstoppable urban expansion of the city of Guayaquil corelated to the low regional level of appreciation for native species and nature led us to regard 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785713EAFBDFFA201A22" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[1195,1422,1094,1120]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785713EAFBDFFA201A22" box="[1195,1422,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Xanthosoma gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as Critically Endangered CR B1 ab(iii), CR C 2 a(ii) (
<bibRefCitation id="631312F3FF8278571588FBF3FCFA1AC6" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Committee" box="[713,852,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" refId="ref3428" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 1 March 2022)" type="book" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The high sensibility to the current seasonal changes of weather parameters that drives the phenology of 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785715A9FB16FCF21AEA" authorityName="Cornejo &amp; Croat. A, Inflorescence" authorityYear="2022" box="[744,860,1167,1192]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratiae">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785715A9FB16FCF21AEA" box="[744,860,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. gratiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest that this and other related endemics as 
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF82785712D2FB16FE841A8E" authorityName="Delannay, Cornejo &amp; Croat" authorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayaquilense">
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF82785712D2FB16FE841A8E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">X. guayaquilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="35F6B310FF8278571629FB2AFE7E1A8E" box="[360,464,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="C0821481FF8278571629FB2AFE621A8E" authorityName="Croat &amp; Delannay" authorityYear="2017" box="[360,460,1202,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">X. diazii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
that exhibit a similar extreme seasonal behavior may be affected by global climatic change. Therefore, the survival of these seasonally cryptic endemic herbs from coastal 
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facing climatic change is uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F983C89FF82785717FCFA87FDE91B1E" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="D839D1A0FF82785717FCFA87FE801B7A" box="[189,302,1310,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
— 
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. 
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: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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(fl), 
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&amp; 
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989
</emphasis>
(GUAY!)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>