1432 lines
192 KiB
XML
1432 lines
192 KiB
XML
<document id="F4C4B2F19A8CA1C9FAF9CA84723AEA7C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="188802c7-d8f7-4e7e-ab2d-1040d5423985" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="270951" ID-ZooBank="14DE413C-CCAE-4F43-87FE-BF359FD1BC23" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458557162555" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gower, David J., Wade, Edward O. Z., Spawls, Stephen, Böhme, Wolfgang, Buechley, Evan R., Sykes, Daniel & Colston, Timothy J." docDate="2016" docId="75616821FF87FF99FF1FDF99FA5FF9A4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4093.1.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4093 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bitis harenna Gower, Wade, Spawls, Böhme, Buechley, Sykes & Colston, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="89581059FF85FF97FF88DD62FFC3FF84" masterDocTitle="A new large species of Bitis Gray, 1842 (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698185663604" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="99A7B9DE4C73C6FB61A2C03DF45C5551">A new large species of Bitis Gray, 1842 (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F28A3C94C292DE84C70B738832A26E2C">Gower, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="187BEB58CB835371533574627D062D62">Wade, Edward O. Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16A21CC69C788DAD4017D3C7C28F0185">Spawls, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1BAB2D89B96B824054FC1CACAAB3595F">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A65DDEAF843C82DD6B9B8A6612CE4F6">Buechley, Evan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F57E0696104C65D1CEE95A50EBD7F8F">Sykes, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB5D19466AF57A744C3B8C9D7EFA42B1">Colston, Timothy J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63410F1A16CC58C1B57B094173174222">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9489A704C5DC94E1F06A2BF067685E7A">
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<mods:date id="601C83A678565CD07C2BCE787C184709">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64540C6665D7C51359FE72AE21AE70EF">4093</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7889D35502FAE38759E5EDF4E229D7E9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BA63EC9607B137D3D705BB316289BF18" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7098BB614BB488FFE8B84CAA0D750232" type="GBIF-Dataset">188802c7-d8f7-4e7e-ab2d-1040d5423985</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40104D11BC045204283C59F4F4205959" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="75616821FF87FF99FF1FDF99FA5FF9A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127639818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75616821FF87FF99FF1FDF99FA5FF9A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75616821FF87FF99FF1FDF99FA5FF9A4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF87FF95FF1FDF99FD4BFCB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF1FDF99FE62FC92" blockId="2.[151,648,763,823]" box="[151,417,763,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="A63F6E5BFF87FF95FF1FDF99FE62FC92" bold="true" box="[151,417,763,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF1FDF99FE62FC92" bold="true" box="[151,417,763,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FF1FDF99FEFFFC91" box="[151,316,763,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF1FDF99FEFFFC91" bold="true" box="[151,316,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF87FF95FECCDF9EFE62FC92" box="[324,417,764,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF1FDE7CFD4BFCB3" blockId="2.[151,648,763,823]" box="[151,648,798,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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(
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<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FF17DE7CFEC8FCB3" box="[159,267,798,823]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionStartId-4="10.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionStartId-5="11.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionStartId-6="12.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,282,1936]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetBox-4="[305,1254,204,1912]" captionTargetBox-5="[157,1430,201,1538]" captionTargetBox-6="[188,1398,337,1643]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[176,1411,508,1944]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetId-4="figure@10.[299,1266,193,1920]" captionTargetId-5="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetId-6="figure@12.[188,1398,337,1644]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64 th and 77 th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal scale row patterns in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows an approximately midbody section of the flank in left lateral view. A) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), B) B. parviocula (ZMUC 68254), C) B. gabonica (BMNH 1968.54), D) B. rhinoceros (BMNH 1930.11.19.75), E) B. nasicornis (BMNH ‘ 529 ’), F) B. arietans (BMNH 87.11.3.32). Red dots mark scale row losses, blue dots mark scale row gains. Drawings by Ed Wade." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Live (uncollected) specimen of Bitis harenna sp. nov. photographed in the Harenna Forest of the Bale Mountains National Park in October 2013. The snake was approximately 1 m in total length." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/270957/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/270958/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FE9EDE7DFEF6FCB3" box="[278,309,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[177,1401,1165,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1407,1159,1863]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Map of southern and western Ethiopia showing the distribution of the three native species of Bitis. Incomplete lines depict country borders; solid lines depict major rivers and lakes; stippled area indicates land above 2,000 m elevation. Circles = B. arietans localities from Largen & Spawls (2010); triangles = B. parviocula localities in southwest Ethiopia from Largen & Spawls (2010); square = town of Dodola (reported locality of holotype of B. harenna sp. nov. and single specimen of B. parviocula); five-pointed star = locality of recent sighting of live specimen of B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270963/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">12</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="B04AEC8CFF87FF95FEC9DE7CFE7EFCB3" box="[321,445,798,823]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,157,180]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,385,2026]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1429,275,1138]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for specimens of Bitis harenna sp. nov. and B. parviocula. Dimensions in mm; * indicates holotype; values separated by comma given in left, right order; characters in the form “ X – Y ” represent shortest distance between (not including) structures “ X ” and “ Y ”; distances measured in number of scales represents fewest scales between two points. Head length measured as snout tip – posterior end of retroarticular process. Mental and rostral shield dimensions are for externally exposed surfaces. Circumorbital count includes supraocular scale. Data for holotype of B. parviocula in parentheses from Böhme (1977). Tooth counts are recorded from µCT reconstructions. Blank cells indicate data not recorded; dash indicates data could not be recorded." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Variation in numbers of vertebral scales aligned with 20 approximately midbody ventral scales in species of Bitis. Numbers separated by a comma are values reported for left, right side where that differs. Some of these specimens are illustrated in Fig. 6. All specimen numbers have BMNH prefix unless otherwise indicated." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" tableUuid-0="A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" tableUuid-1="A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
; Appendices 1–2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF87FF95FF1FDE0AFD23FC5C" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF1FDE0AFB2BFC1F" blockId="2.[151,1436,870,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FF1FDE0AFE11FCF8" authority="Bohme, 1977" authorityName="Bohme" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,466,870,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF1FDE0AFEFFFCF8" box="[151,316,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Bitis parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
Böhme, 1977
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Largen & Rasmussen (1993: 383–385, in part); Spawls & Branch (1995: 120–121, in part); Largen & Spawls (2010: 615, in part); Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FD21DEE4FD1FFC1F" box="[681,732,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014: 92, in part); Wittenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FB96DEE4FB92FC1F" box="[1054,1105,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015, in part)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF1FDEA0FD23FC5C" blockId="2.[151,736,962,984]" box="[151,736,962,984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FE0ADEA1FDC4FC5C" authority="Bohme" authorityName="Bohme" box="[386,519,962,984]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FE0ADEA1FE73FC5C" box="[386,432,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
: Böhme
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1990: 12–13, fig. 4)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF87FF95FF1FD967FCFCFB0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF1FD967FCFCFB0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1029,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF87FF95FF1FD967FEC7FB9A" box="[151,260,1029,1054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF1FD967FEC7FB9A" bold="true" box="[151,260,1029,1054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. ZMUC R68255 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FE55D967FD8EFB9A" box="[477,589,1029,1054]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionStartId-4="10.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionStartId-5="11.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,282,1936]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetBox-4="[305,1254,204,1912]" captionTargetBox-5="[157,1430,201,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[176,1411,508,1944]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetId-4="figure@10.[299,1266,193,1920]" captionTargetId-5="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64 th and 77 th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal scale row patterns in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows an approximately midbody section of the flank in left lateral view. A) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), B) B. parviocula (ZMUC 68254), C) B. gabonica (BMNH 1968.54), D) B. rhinoceros (BMNH 1930.11.19.75), E) B. nasicornis (BMNH ‘ 529 ’), F) B. arietans (BMNH 87.11.3.32). Red dots mark scale row losses, blue dots mark scale row gains. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/270957/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
), Dodola (from maps:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="98FCBFF0FF87FF95FCD4D967FC78FB99" box="[860,955,1029,1054]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="555" value="6.98">6.98° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="98FCBFF0FF87FF95FC42D964FBF3FB99" box="[970,1072,1030,1054]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="555" value="39.18">39.18° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
c.
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF87FF95FBD2D964FB79FB99" box="[1114,1210,1030,1054]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2400.0">2,400 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation), Oromia Region,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DF99A7FF87FF95FF7FD94BFE9AFBC6" box="[247,345,1065,1090]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; deposited by Sven Joergen Birket-Smith (
|
||
<date id="8976FFF7FF87FF95FCCAD948FC06FBC6" box="[834,965,1066,1090]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1920" valueMax="1983">1920–1983</date>
|
||
); preserved in ethanol; female. The exact date of collection is unknown, but was possibly 1966 or 1967, when Birket-Smith was in charge of the Addis Ababa Natural History Museum (M.J. Largen, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF87FF95FF4FD9F7FBE8F921" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF4FD9F7FBE8F921" blockId="2.[151,1437,1029,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF4FD9F7FE82FB2A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1173,1198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FEEDD9F4FE5BFB29" box="[357,408,1174,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FEEDD9F4FE5BFB29" box="[357,408,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FDD3D9F4FCC3FB29" box="[603,768,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Macrocerastes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FC9AD9F4FC93FB29" box="[786,848,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Lenk
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FC11D9F4FC11FB29" box="[921,978,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999) that differs from all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FF60D9D8FE42FB55" box="[232,385,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF60D9D8FE42FB55" box="[232,385,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking horns between the nostrils, in having less than four scales between the rostral and first supralabial, and in having a pale cross bar on the dorsal surface of the head behind the eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FB46D9BFFAD8FB72" box="[1230,1307,1245,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FAA0D9BCFAFAFB72" box="[1320,1337,1246,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,282,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[176,1411,508,1944]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differs from all other species of the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FDCDD860FD29FA9D" box="[581,746,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Macrocerastes</emphasis>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FCE3D860FBC0FA9D" box="[875,1027,1281,1305]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FCE3D860FBC0FA9D" box="[875,1027,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in having a concavity on the lateral wall of the braincase for the origin of the
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FD02D844FC62FAB9" box="[650,929,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">M. retractor pterygoidei</emphasis>
|
||
that is limited posteriorly by flange on the parietal, rather than extending onto the prootic (see Groombridge 1980;
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FC33D82BFC38FAE6" box="[955,1019,1353,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
/4); in being mostly blackish dorsally with narrow pale (cream to yellowish) markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FD4BD80FFCC6FA02" box="[707,773,1389,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); in lacking a regular, parallel-sided mid-dorsal stripe (and a series of dark, approximately semicircular markings immediately lateral to this stripe;
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FBE3D8F3FB74FA2E" box="[1131,1207,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FB4CD8F0FB17FA2E" box="[1220,1236,1426,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,282,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[176,1411,508,1944]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FB57D8F3FB2CFA2E" box="[1247,1263,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,201,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal scale row patterns in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows an approximately midbody section of the flank in left lateral view. A) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), B) B. parviocula (ZMUC 68254), C) B. gabonica (BMNH 1968.54), D) B. rhinoceros (BMNH 1930.11.19.75), E) B. nasicornis (BMNH ‘ 529 ’), F) B. arietans (BMNH 87.11.3.32). Red dots mark scale row losses, blue dots mark scale row gains. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270957/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">6</figureCitation>
|
||
); and in having a black middorsal marking on the head that extends anteriorly to between the nostrils (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FBE4D8D7FB79FA4A" box="[1132,1210,1461,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FB41D8D4FB1AFA4A" box="[1225,1241,1462,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,282,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[176,1411,508,1944]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among species of the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FEC4D8B8FE3BFA75" box="[332,504,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Macrocerastes,</emphasis>
|
||
the new species differs also from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FCFCD8B8FBC8FA75" box="[884,1035,1497,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FCFCD8B8FBC8FA75" box="[884,1035,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. rhinoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FBC8D8B8FB04FA75" box="[1088,1223,1497,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FBC8D8B8FB04FA75" box="[1088,1223,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a mostly dark rather than pale dorsal surface of the head. Unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FC93D89CFC7BF991" box="[795,952,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FC93D89CFC77F991" box="[795,948,1534,1557]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">B. nasicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the new species lacks posteriorly notched scales. Unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FEB4DB40FE1FF9BD" box="[316,476,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FEB4DB40FE1BF9BD" box="[316,472,1569,1593]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">B. parviocula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the new species has facets on the frontals for articulation with the prefrontals that do not meet medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FEFADB27FE75F9DA" box="[370,438,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and it also lacks a subhorizontal ridge on the lateral surface of the prootic overhanging the foramen for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF87FF95FCD2DB0BFC5CF906" box="[858,927,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). See Remarks section for additional possible differences between the new species and its most similar congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FC03DBECFBE0F921" box="[907,1059,1677,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FC03DBECFBE0F921" box="[907,1059,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF87FF9EFF4FDBD3FEB9F9EC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF87FF95FF4FDBD3FC3EF805" blockId="2.[151,1437,1029,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF4FDBD3FE25F94E" bold="true" box="[199,486,1713,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF87FF95FEF0DBD3FE22F94E" box="[376,481,1713,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some morphometric and meristic data presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="B04AEC8CFF87FF95FBBDDBD3FB50F94E" box="[1077,1171,1713,1738]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,385,2026]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for specimens of Bitis harenna sp. nov. and B. parviocula. Dimensions in mm; * indicates holotype; values separated by comma given in left, right order; characters in the form “ X – Y ” represent shortest distance between (not including) structures “ X ” and “ Y ”; distances measured in number of scales represents fewest scales between two points. Head length measured as snout tip – posterior end of retroarticular process. Mental and rostral shield dimensions are for externally exposed surfaces. Circumorbital count includes supraocular scale. Data for holotype of B. parviocula in parentheses from Böhme (1977). Tooth counts are recorded from µCT reconstructions. Blank cells indicate data not recorded; dash indicates data could not be recorded." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="B04AEC8CFF87FF95FB43DBD0FB1AF94E" box="[1227,1241,1714,1738]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,157,180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,275,1138]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Variation in numbers of vertebral scales aligned with 20 approximately midbody ventral scales in species of Bitis. Numbers separated by a comma are values reported for left, right side where that differs. Some of these specimens are illustrated in Fig. 6. All specimen numbers have BMNH prefix unless otherwise indicated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E">2</tableCitation>
|
||
and Appendix 2. Condition generally good, some scales rucked and/or abraded; specimen somewhat macerated in parts;
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF87FF95FA9EDBB4FAA7F969" box="[1302,1380,1750,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
long approximately midventral incision extending back from approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF87FF95FB82DB9BFBB1F895" box="[1034,1138,1785,1810]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind snout tip, with approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF87FF95FEC8DA42FE4DF8BC" box="[320,398,1824,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
2 midventral section of body wall excised; outer layer of many scales lost. A large, relatively slender
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF87FF95FF78DA27FEE0F8D8" box="[240,291,1861,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF87FF95FF78DA27FEE0F8D8" box="[240,291,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Widest point slightly anterior to midbody; body tapers gently over anterior one-third of SVL, much more abruptly over posteriormost one-eighth of SVL. Tail short, very slender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" ID-Table-UUID="A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[151,1436,385,2026]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FF1FDDFAFEC9FF2B" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FCBEDDFAFC04FF2B" box="[822,967,151,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FCBEDDFAFC04FF2B" box="[822,967,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF86FF94FC47DDFAFBE4FF2B" box="[975,1063,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FC47DDFAFBE4FF2B" bold="true" box="[975,1063,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FBD5DDFAFB33FF2B" box="[1117,1264,151,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FBD5DDFAFB33FF2B" box="[1117,1264,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dimensions in mm; * indicates holotype; values separated by comma given in left, right order; characters in the form “X–Y” represent shortest distance between (not including) structures “X” and “Y”; distances measured in number of scales represents fewest scales between two points. Head length measured as snout tip–posterior end of retroarticular process. Mental and rostral shield dimensions are for externally exposed surfaces. Circumorbital count includes supraocular scale. Data for holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FE96DC53FE70FECC" box="[286,435,304,328]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FE96DC53FE70FECC" box="[286,435,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses from Böhme (1977). Tooth counts are recorded from µCT reconstructions. Blank cells indicate data not recorded; dash indicates data could not be recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF86FF94FDEEDCE0FA87F86E" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<table id="8FC82B97FF860068FF1FDCE3FA5FF86E" box="[151,1436,385,2026]" gridcols="5" gridrows="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDCE3FA5FFE13" box="[151,1436,385,407]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDCE3FD30FE13" box="[596,755,385,407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FDEEDCE0FD21FE13" box="[614,738,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FDEEDCE0FD1AFE13" box="[614,729,385,407]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">B. harenna</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDCE3FC09FE13" box="[819,970,385,407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FCBBDCE0FC09FE13" box="[819,970,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FCBBDCE0FC03FE13" box="[819,960,385,407]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">B. parviocula</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FB80DCE3FB57FE13" box="[1032,1172,385,407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FB81DCE0FB51FE13" box="[1033,1170,385,407]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FB81DCE0FB51FE13" box="[1033,1170,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FB50DCE3FA5FFE13" box="[1240,1436,385,407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF86FF94FB6BDCE0FAAEFE13" box="[1251,1389,385,407]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF86FF94FB6BDCE0FAAEFE13" box="[1251,1389,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDCCBFA5FFE3B" box="[151,1436,425,447]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDCCBFD30FE3B" box="[596,755,425,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">ZMUC R68255</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDCCBFC09FE3B" box="[819,970,425,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">ZFMK 16803</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DCCBFB57FE3B" box="[1032,1172,425,447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">ZFMK 63067</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DCCBFA5FFE3B" box="[1240,1436,425,447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">ZMUC R68254</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDCB2FA5FFE62" box="[151,1436,464,486]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDCB2FDC3FE62" box="[151,512,464,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Sex</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDCB2FD30FE62" box="[596,755,464,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">female</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDCB2FC09FE62" box="[819,970,464,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">female</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DCB2FB57FE62" box="[1032,1172,464,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DCB2FA5FFE62" box="[1240,1436,464,486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">female</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDC9AFA5FFD8A" box="[151,1436,504,526]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDC9AFDC3FD8A" box="[151,512,504,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Total length</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDC9AFD30FD8A" box="[596,755,504,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">665</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDC9AFC09FD8A" box="[819,970,504,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c.760 (752)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DC9AFB57FD8A" box="[1032,1172,504,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DC9AFA5FFD8A" box="[1240,1436,504,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c. 890</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDF7DFA5FFDB1" box="[151,1436,543,565]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDF7DFDC3FDB1" box="[151,512,543,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Snout-vent length (SVL)</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDF7DFD30FDB1" box="[596,755,543,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">625</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDF7DFC09FDB1" box="[819,970,543,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c.710 (705)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DF7DFB57FDB1" box="[1032,1172,543,565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DF7DFA5FFDB1" box="[1240,1436,543,565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c.830</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDF24FA5FFDD8" box="[151,1436,582,604]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDF24FDC3FDD8" box="[151,512,582,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Tail length</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDF24FD30FDD8" box="[596,755,582,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">39.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDF24FC09FDD8" box="[819,970,582,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">47.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DF24FB57FDD8" box="[1032,1172,582,604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DF24FA5FFDD8" box="[1240,1436,582,604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">61</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDF0CFA5FFD00" box="[151,1436,622,644]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDF0CFDC3FD00" box="[151,512,622,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Maximum width of tail</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDF0CFD30FD00" box="[596,755,622,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDF0CFC09FD00" box="[819,970,622,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">14.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DF0CFB57FD00" box="[1032,1172,622,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DF0CFA5FFD00" box="[1240,1436,622,644]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">18.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDFF7FA5FFD2F" box="[151,1436,661,683]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDFF7FDC3FD2F" box="[151,512,661,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Maximum body circumference (C)</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDFF7FD30FD2F" box="[596,755,661,683]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">100</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDFF7FC09FD2F" box="[819,970,661,683]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">125</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DFF7FB57FD2F" box="[1032,1172,661,683]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DFF7FA5FFD2F" box="[1240,1436,661,683]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">175</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDFDFFA5FFD57" box="[151,1436,701,723]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDFDFFDC3FD57" box="[151,512,701,723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">SVL/C</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDFDFFD30FD57" box="[596,755,701,723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDFDFFC09FD57" box="[819,970,701,723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DFDFFB57FD57" box="[1032,1172,701,723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DFDFFA5FFD57" box="[1240,1436,701,723]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDF86FA5FFD7E" box="[151,1436,740,762]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDF86FDC3FD7E" box="[151,512,740,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Head width (maximum)</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDF86FD30FD7E" box="[596,755,740,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">31.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDF86FC09FD7E" box="[819,970,740,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DF86FB57FD7E" box="[1032,1172,740,762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">43.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DF86FA5FFD7E" box="[1240,1436,740,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">60.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDE6EFA5FFCA6" box="[151,1436,780,802]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDE6EFDC3FCA6" box="[151,512,780,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDE6EFD30FCA6" box="[596,755,780,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">44.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDE6EFC09FCA6" box="[819,970,780,802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">45.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DE6EFB57FCA6" box="[1032,1172,780,802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">52.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DE6EFA5FFCA6" box="[1240,1436,780,802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">55.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDE51FA5FFCCD" box="[151,1436,819,841]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDE51FDC3FCCD" box="[151,512,819,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Diameter of exposed part of eye</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDE51FD30FCCD" box="[596,755,819,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDE51FC09FCCD" box="[819,970,819,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DE51FB57FCCD" box="[1032,1172,819,841]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DE51FA5FFCCD" box="[1240,1436,819,841]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDE39FA5FFCF5" box="[151,1436,859,881]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDE39FDC3FCF5" box="[151,512,859,881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Eye–eye</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDE39FD30FCF5" box="[596,755,859,881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDE39FC09FCF5" box="[819,970,859,881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DE39FB57FCF5" box="[1032,1172,859,881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">16.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DE39FA5FFCF5" box="[1240,1436,859,881]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">19.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDEE0FA5FFC1C" box="[151,1436,898,920]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDEE0FDC3FC1C" box="[151,512,898,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Eye–lip</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDEE0FD30FC1C" box="[596,755,898,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDEE0FC09FC1C" box="[819,970,898,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DEE0FB57FC1C" box="[1032,1172,898,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">9.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DEE0FA5FFC1C" box="[1240,1436,898,920]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">10.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDEC8FA5FFC44" box="[151,1436,938,960]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDEC8FDC3FC44" box="[151,512,938,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Eye–snout tip</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDEC8FD30FC44" box="[596,755,938,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">11.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDEC8FC09FC44" box="[819,970,938,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DEC8FB57FC44" box="[1032,1172,938,960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DEC8FA5FFC44" box="[1240,1436,938,960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">17.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDEB3FA5FFC63" box="[151,1436,977,999]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDEB3FDC3FC63" box="[151,512,977,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Eye–naris</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDEB3FD30FC63" box="[596,755,977,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDEB3FC09FC63" box="[819,970,977,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DEB3FB57FC63" box="[1032,1172,977,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DEB3FA5FFC63" box="[1240,1436,977,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDE9BFA5FFB8B" box="[151,1436,1017,1039]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDE9BFDC3FB8B" box="[151,512,1017,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Naris–naris</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDE9BFD30FB8B" box="[596,755,1017,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDE9BFC09FB8B" box="[819,970,1017,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DE9BFB57FB8B" box="[1032,1172,1017,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">9.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DE9BFA5FFB8B" box="[1240,1436,1017,1039]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">10.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD942FA5FFBB2" box="[151,1436,1056,1078]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD942FDC3FBB2" box="[151,512,1056,1078]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Length of naris</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD942FD30FBB2" box="[596,755,1056,1078]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD942FC09FBB2" box="[819,970,1056,1078]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D942FB57FBB2" box="[1032,1172,1056,1078]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D942FA5FFBB2" box="[1240,1436,1056,1078]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD92AFA5FFBDA" box="[151,1436,1096,1118]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD92AFDC3FBDA" box="[151,512,1096,1118]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Circumorbital scales</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD92AFD30FBDA" box="[596,755,1096,1118]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">12,15</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD92AFC09FBDA" box="[819,970,1096,1118]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">15,15 (14)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D92AFB57FBDA" box="[1032,1172,1096,1118]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">14,15</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D92AFA5FFBDA" box="[1240,1436,1096,1118]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">12,14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD90DFA5FFB01" box="[151,1436,1135,1157]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD90DFDC3FB01" box="[151,512,1135,1157]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales circumorbitals–supralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD90DFD30FB01" box="[596,755,1135,1157]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2 to 3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD90DFC09FB01" box="[819,970,1135,1157]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D90DFB57FB01" box="[1032,1172,1135,1157]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D90DFA5FFB01" box="[1240,1436,1135,1157]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2 to 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD9F5FA5FFB29" box="[151,1436,1175,1197]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD9F5FDC3FB29" box="[151,512,1175,1197]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales L–R circumorbitals</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD9F5FD30FB29" box="[596,755,1175,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">10</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD9F5FC09FB29" box="[819,970,1175,1197]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">10 (12)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D9F5FB57FB29" box="[1032,1172,1175,1197]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">9</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D9F5FA5FFB29" box="[1240,1436,1175,1197]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD9DCFA5FFB50" box="[151,1436,1214,1236]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD9DCFDC3FB50" box="[151,512,1214,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales L–R supranasal</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD9DCFD30FB50" box="[596,755,1214,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD9DCFC09FB50" box="[819,970,1214,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D9DCFB57FB50" box="[1032,1172,1214,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D9DCFA5FFB50" box="[1240,1436,1214,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD987FA5FFB7F" box="[151,1436,1253,1275]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD987FDC3FB7F" box="[151,512,1253,1275]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales circumorbitals–supranasal</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD987FD30FB7F" box="[596,755,1253,1275]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD987FC09FB7F" box="[819,970,1253,1275]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D987FB57FB7F" box="[1032,1172,1253,1275]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D987FA5FFB7F" box="[1240,1436,1253,1275]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD86FFA5FFAA7" box="[151,1436,1293,1315]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD86FFDC3FAA7" box="[151,512,1293,1315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales nasal–rostral</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD86FFD30FAA7" box="[596,755,1293,1315]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD86FFC09FAA7" box="[819,970,1293,1315]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D86FFB57FAA7" box="[1032,1172,1293,1315]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D86FFA5FFAA7" box="[1240,1436,1293,1315]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4,4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD856FA5FFACE" box="[151,1436,1332,1354]" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD856FDC3FACE" box="[151,512,1332,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales nasal–supralabial 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD856FD30FACE" box="[596,755,1332,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD856FC09FACE" box="[819,970,1332,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D856FB57FACE" box="[1032,1172,1332,1354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D856FA5FFACE" box="[1240,1436,1332,1354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD83EFA5FFAF6" box="[151,1436,1372,1394]" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD83EFDC3FAF6" box="[151,512,1372,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales supranasal–rostral</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD83EFD30FAF6" box="[596,755,1372,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD83EFC09FAF6" box="[819,970,1372,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D83EFB57FAF6" box="[1032,1172,1372,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D83EFA5FFAF6" box="[1240,1436,1372,1394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD8E6FA5FFA1E" box="[151,1436,1412,1434]" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD8E6FDC3FA1E" box="[151,512,1412,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales supranasal–supralabial 1</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD8E6FD30FA1E" box="[596,755,1412,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD8E6FC09FA1E" box="[819,970,1412,1434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D8E6FB57FA1E" box="[1032,1172,1412,1434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D8E6FA5FFA1E" box="[1240,1436,1412,1434]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3,3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD8C9FA5FFA45" box="[151,1436,1451,1473]" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD8C9FDC3FA45" box="[151,512,1451,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Width of rostral scale</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD8C9FD30FA45" box="[596,755,1451,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD8C9FC09FA45" box="[819,970,1451,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D8C9FB57FA45" box="[1032,1172,1451,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D8C9FA5FFA45" box="[1240,1436,1451,1473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">7.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD8B0FA5FFA6C" box="[151,1436,1490,1512]" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD8B0FDC3FA6C" box="[151,512,1490,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Height of rostral scale</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD8B0FD30FA6C" box="[596,755,1490,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD8B0FC09FA6C" box="[819,970,1490,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D8B0FB57FA6C" box="[1032,1172,1490,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D8B0FA5FFA6C" box="[1240,1436,1490,1512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FD898FA5FF994" box="[151,1436,1530,1552]" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FD898FDC3F994" box="[151,512,1530,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Supralabial scales</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCD898FD30F994" box="[596,755,1530,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">14,14</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBD898FC09F994" box="[819,970,1530,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">13,16 (13,14)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80D898FB57F994" box="[1032,1172,1530,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">15 or 16,16</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50D898FA5FF994" box="[1240,1436,1530,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">15,14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDB43FA5FF9B3" box="[151,1436,1569,1591]" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDB43FDC3F9B3" box="[151,512,1569,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Infralabial scales</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDB43FD30F9B3" box="[596,755,1569,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">15,17</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDB43FC09F9B3" box="[819,970,1569,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">16,16 (15,15)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DB43FB57F9B3" box="[1032,1172,1569,1591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">17,15</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DB43FA5FF9B3" box="[1240,1436,1569,1591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">15,14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDB2BFA5FF9DB" box="[151,1436,1609,1631]" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDB2BFDC3F9DB" box="[151,512,1609,1631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scales first genial-first preventral</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDB2BFD30F9DB" box="[596,755,1609,1631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDB2BFC09F9DB" box="[819,970,1609,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DB2BFB57F9DB" box="[1032,1172,1609,1631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DB2BFA5FF9DB" box="[1240,1436,1609,1631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3 or 4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDB12FA5FF902" box="[151,1436,1648,1670]" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDB12FDC3F902" box="[151,512,1648,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Dorsal scales last L–R supralabial</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDB12FD30F902" box="[596,755,1648,1670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">31</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDB12FC09F902" box="[819,970,1648,1670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">32</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DB12FB57F902" box="[1032,1172,1648,1670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">29</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DB12FA5FF902" box="[1240,1436,1648,1670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDBFAFA5FF92A" box="[151,1436,1688,1710]" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDBFAFDC3F92A" box="[151,512,1688,1710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Width mental scale</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDBFAFD30F92A" box="[596,755,1688,1710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDBFAFC09F92A" box="[819,970,1688,1710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DBFAFB57F92A" box="[1032,1172,1688,1710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DBFAFA5FF92A" box="[1240,1436,1688,1710]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">7.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDBDDFA5FF951" box="[151,1436,1727,1749]" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDBDDFDC3F951" box="[151,512,1727,1749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Length mental scale</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDBDDFD30F951" box="[596,755,1727,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDBDDFC09F951" box="[819,970,1727,1749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DBDDFB57F951" box="[1032,1172,1727,1749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DBDDFA5FF951" box="[1240,1436,1727,1749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDB85FA5FF979" box="[151,1436,1767,1789]" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDB85FDC3F979" box="[151,512,1767,1789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Preventral scales</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDB85FD30F979" box="[596,755,1767,1789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDB85FC09F979" box="[819,970,1767,1789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DB85FB57F979" box="[1032,1172,1767,1789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4 or 5</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DB85FA5FF979" box="[1240,1436,1767,1789]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3 or 4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDA6CFA5FF8A0" box="[151,1436,1806,1828]" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDA6CFDC3F8A0" box="[151,512,1806,1828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Ventral scales</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDA6CFD30F8A0" box="[596,755,1806,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">145</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDA6CFC09F8A0" box="[819,970,1806,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">141 (144)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DA6CFB57F8A0" box="[1032,1172,1806,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DA6CFA5FF8A0" box="[1240,1436,1806,1828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">146</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDA57FA5FF8CF" box="[151,1436,1845,1867]" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDA57FDC3F8CF" box="[151,512,1845,1867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Subcaudal scales</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDA57FD30F8CF" box="[596,755,1845,1867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">20,19</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDA57FC09F8CF" box="[819,970,1845,1867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">21,21 (21,21)</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DA57FB57F8CF" box="[1032,1172,1845,1867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DA57FA5FF8CF" box="[1240,1436,1845,1867]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">21,21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDA3FFA5FF8F7" box="[151,1436,1885,1907]" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDA3FFDC3F8F7" box="[151,512,1885,1907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scale rows at base of tail</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDA3FFD30F8F7" box="[596,755,1885,1907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c. 17</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FCBBDA3FFC09F8F7" box="[819,970,1885,1907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c.21</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DA3FFB57F8F7" box="[1032,1172,1885,1907]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DA3FFA5FF8F7" box="[1240,1436,1885,1907]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDAE7FA5FF81F" box="[151,1436,1925,1947]" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDAE7FDC3F81F" box="[151,512,1925,1947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Palatine teeth</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDAE7FD30F81F" box="[596,755,1925,1947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DAE7FB57F81F" box="[1032,1172,1925,1947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DAE7FA5FF81F" box="[1240,1436,1925,1947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2,2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDACEFA5FF846" box="[151,1436,1964,1986]" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDACEFDC3F846" box="[151,512,1964,1986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pterygoid teeth</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDACEFD30F846" box="[596,755,1964,1986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">12,12</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DACEFB57F846" box="[1032,1172,1964,1986]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">13?, 11–13</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DACEFA5FF846" box="[1240,1436,1964,1986]" gridcol="4" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">13,13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF860068FF1FDAB6FA5FF86E" box="[151,1436,2004,2026]" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF860068FF1FDAB6FDC3F86E" box="[151,512,2004,2026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Mandibular teeth</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FDDCDAB6FD30F86E" box="[596,755,2004,2026]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">17,17</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB80DAB6FB57F86E" box="[1032,1172,2004,2026]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">15,16–18</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF860068FB50DAB6FA5FF86E" box="[1240,1436,2004,2026]" gridcol="4" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">18,18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF81FF93FF1FDAE3FAD1F850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF81FF93FF1FDAE3FAD1F850" blockId="4.[151,1436,1921,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF81FF93FF1FDAE3FED7F812" bold="true" box="[151,276,1921,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R68255) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF81FF93FC9FDAE0FC63F813" box="[791,928,1921,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF81FF93FC9FDAE0FC63F813" box="[791,928,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF81FF93FC2FDAE3FC3BF812" box="[935,1016,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF81FF93FC2FDAE3FC3BF812" bold="true" box="[935,1016,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" ID-Table-UUID="A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[151,1429,275,1138]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" blockId="5.[151,1429,157,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF1FDDFFFECAFF30" bold="true" box="[151,265,157,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in numbers of vertebral scales aligned with 20 approximately midbody ventral scales in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF1FDDA2FF0BFF53" box="[151,200,192,215]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF1FDDA2FF0BFF53" box="[151,200,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numbers separated by a comma are values reported for left, right side where that differs. Some of these specimens are illustrated in Fig. 6. All specimen numbers have BMNH prefix unless otherwise indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF92FF17DC71FEA9FBF6" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<table id="8FC82B97FF800068FF1FDC71FA56FBF6" box="[151,1429,275,1138]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF800068FF1FDC71FA56FED7" box="[151,1429,275,339]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FF1FDC71FDF4FED7" box="[151,567,275,339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Species and specimen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DC5EFED7FED7" box="[159,276,315,339]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DC5EFED7FED7" box="[159,276,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF80FF92FE93DC5CFEA8FED7" box="[283,363,318,339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FE93DC5CFEA8FED7" bold="true" box="[283,363,318,339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
ZMUC R68255
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FD24DC71FC0AFED7" box="[684,969,275,339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Position of 20 ventral scales 60–80</th>
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FBBDDC71FA56FED7" box="[1077,1429,275,339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Number of vertebral scales 27, 25</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF800068FF1FDC05FA56FE22" box="[151,1429,359,422]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FF1FDC05FDF4FE22" box="[151,567,359,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DC0AFEEAFEF9" box="[159,297,359,381]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DC0AFEEAFEF9" box="[159,297,359,381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZFMK 16803
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DCF3FEEAFE22" box="[159,297,400,422]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DCF3FEEAFE22" box="[159,297,400,422]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZMUC R68254
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FD24DC05FC0AFE22" box="[684,969,359,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">50–70 60–80</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FBBDDC05FA56FE22" box="[1077,1429,359,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">29 31, 30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF800068FF1FDCD8FA56FD1A" box="[151,1429,442,670]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FF1FDCD8FDF4FD1A" box="[151,567,442,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DCD9FEDAFE54" box="[159,281,442,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DCD9FEDAFE54" box="[159,281,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1968.54
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DC86FEDAFE7D" box="[159,281,483,505]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DC86FEDAFE7D" box="[159,281,483,505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
96.5.14.20
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DF6FFEDAFDA6" box="[159,281,524,546]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DF6FFEDAFDA6" box="[159,281,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1975.1118
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DF55FEDAFDCF" box="[159,281,565,588]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DF55FEDAFDCF" box="[159,281,565,588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1971.414
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DF02FEDAFDF1" box="[159,281,607,629]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DF02FEDAFDF1" box="[159,281,607,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1950.1.2.15
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DFEBFEDAFD1A" box="[159,281,648,670]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DFEBFEDAFD1A" box="[159,281,648,670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1969.526
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FD24DCD8FC0AFD1A" box="[684,969,442,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">55–75 55–75 55–75 55–75 55–75 55–75</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FBBDDCD8FA56FD1A" box="[1077,1429,442,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">28 35 41 34 31 33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF800068FF1FDFD0FA56FC12" box="[151,1429,690,918]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FF1FDFD0FDF4FC12" box="[151,567,690,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DFD1FEE4FD4C" box="[159,295,690,712]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DFD1FEE4FD4C" box="[159,295,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. rhinoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1930.11.19.75
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DFBEFEE4FD75" box="[159,295,731,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DFBEFEE4FD75" box="[159,295,731,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. rhinoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unnumbered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DE67FEE6FC9E" box="[159,293,773,794]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DE67FEE6FC9E" box="[159,293,773,794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘529’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DE4DFEE6FCC0" box="[159,293,815,836]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DE4DFEE6FCC0" box="[159,293,815,836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1971.415
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DE3AFEE6FCE9" box="[159,293,856,877]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DE3AFEE6FCE9" box="[159,293,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1935.10.2.1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DEE3FEE6FC12" box="[159,293,897,918]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DEE3FEE6FC12" box="[159,293,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1952.1.6.57 (118 ventrals)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FD24DFD0FC0AFC12" box="[684,969,690,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">55–75 55–75 50–70 55–75 55–75 50–70</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FBBDDFD0FA56FC12" box="[1077,1429,690,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">30.5 31 37 41 32 41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF800068FF1FDEC8FA56FBB8" box="[151,1429,938,1084]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FF1FDEC8FDF4FBB8" box="[151,567,938,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DEC9FEE6FC44" box="[159,293,939,960]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DEC9FEE6FC44" box="[159,293,939,960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1952.1.6.57 (123 ventrals)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DEB6FEE6FC6D" box="[159,293,980,1001]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DEB6FEE6FC6D" box="[159,293,980,1001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1952.1.6.57 (128 ventrals)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17DE9FFECDFB96" box="[159,270,1021,1042]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17DE9FFECDFB96" box="[159,270,1021,1042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. arietans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
87.11.3.32
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF80FF92FF17D945FECDFBB8" box="[159,270,1063,1084]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF80FF92FF17D945FECDFBB8" box="[159,270,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. arietans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1975.2146
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FD24DEC8FC0AFBB8" box="[684,969,938,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">50–70 50–70 60–80 60–80</td>
|
||
<td id="0029B209FF800068FBBDDEC8FA56FBB8" box="[1077,1429,938,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">37 38 20 21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43F8DB75FF800068FF1FD93EFA56FBF6" box="[151,1429,1116,1138]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="0029B209FF800068FF1FD93EFDF4FBF6" box="[151,567,1116,1138]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">otherwise indicated.²</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF92FF4FD9FDFD75FA78" blockId="5.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Head posteriorly much wider than anteriormost end of body (‘neck’). Distance between snout tip and posterior end of retroarticular process
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FE6CD9A1FD8FFB5F" box="[484,588,1219,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="43.7">43.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(longitudinal distance between level of these two points
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FB6DD9A1FA93FB5F" box="[1253,1360,1219,1244]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="42.5">42.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Eyes surrounded by 12,15 circumorbital scales; separated from supralabials by 2 to 3 scales; pupil vertically eliptical. Left and right circumorbital series separated by at least 10 interorbital scales. Nostrils broadly oval (anteroventrally-posterodorsally oriented). Supranasal shields overhang nasals substantially, separated middorsally minimally by 2 scales, separated from circumorbitals minimally by 2 scales. Nasals and supranasals separated from rostral by 3,3 scales (>
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FE2FD815FE2DFA0B" box="[423,494,1399,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), from first supralabial by 2,3 scales (2.5+ mm). Rostral much wider (
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FA9FD815FA98FA0B" box="[1303,1371,1399,1424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than high (
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FF51D8F9FEF3FA37" box="[217,304,1435,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
at midline). Most dorsal and lateral head scales between and behind eyes keeled except supralabials and adjacent row posterior to 9th or 10th supralabial; no keels on scales of lower jaw or chin. Posteriormost left and right supralabials separated by at least 31 scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF92FF4FDB65FAB3F908" blockId="5.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Supralabials 14,14. Infralabials 15,17, last of which especially small on each side; first pair contact at midline, second to fifth contact genials. Mental triangular, wider (
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FC9FDB49FCB2F9C7" box="[791,881,1579,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than long (
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FC71DB49FB97F9C7" box="[1017,1108,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). First pair of genials largest, contact at midline; second pair of genials much smaller and separated by one pair of smaller gulars; first pair of genials separated from first preventral by four gulars. First ventral separated from last infralabial by 8,7 scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF92FF4FDBF5FD5EF950" blockId="5.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Inside of mouth without pigment (except for at least tips of tongue, dark). Teeth mostly hidden in gingivae. Left fang intact, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF80FF92FE72DBD9FD9EF957" box="[506,605,1723,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF92FF4FDBBDFA54F8E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Three preventrals (four discrete scales distributed over the length of the equivalent of three ventrals), 145 ventrals; ventrals mostly with orthoplicate posterior edges, notably convex in posteriormost ventral. Umbilical notch on posterior margin of 10th to 13th ventral scale anterior to anal scale. Anal shield single, strongly convex posterior margin; subcaudals 20,19 (excluding unpaired terminal scute), without keels; first subcaudal on left divided.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF80FF91FF4FDA0DFBEBFF7C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1183,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Immediately behind posterior end of lower jaw (level with sixth ventral) 43 dorsal scale rows, reducing to 36 rows ten ventrals further posteriorly. Numbers of dorsal scale rows thereafter fluctuate, most stable between approximately 50th and 110th ventral (35–40 rows, see Appendix 2). Dorsal rows reduced to 30 by 120th ventral; 28 rows at vent. Dorsal scale rows characterized by splits/duplications/divisions on upper part of flanks, fusions on lower part of flanks, beginning (anteriorly) by at least level of 15th ventral. Pattern of divisions, fusions produces posteroventrally oriented ‘lines’ (posteriorly diverging dorsal scale rows) accentuated visually by longitudinal keels on scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF83FF91FEC5DDBDFE5FFF7C" box="[333,412,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[305,1254,204,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[299,1266,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64 th and 77 th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF83FF91FE20DDBDFE7BFF7C" box="[424,440,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,201,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal scale row patterns in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows an approximately midbody section of the flank in left lateral view. A) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), B) B. parviocula (ZMUC 68254), C) B. gabonica (BMNH 1968.54), D) B. rhinoceros (BMNH 1930.11.19.75), E) B. nasicornis (BMNH ‘ 529 ’), F) B. arietans (BMNH 87.11.3.32). Red dots mark scale row losses, blue dots mark scale row gains. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270957/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scale row formula for 60th to 80th ventral as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF83FF91FF1FDACFFCFDF866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[188,1398,282,1936]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF83FF91FF1FDACFFCFDF866" blockId="6.[151,1436,1965,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF83FF91FF1FDACFFED6F847" bold="true" box="[151,277,1965,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R68255) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF83FF91FC8FDACDFC51F847" box="[775,914,1965,1988]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF83FF91FC8FDACDFC51F847" box="[775,914,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF83FF91FC12DACCFC2EF847" box="[922,1005,1966,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF83FF91FC12DACCFC2EF847" bold="true" box="[922,1005,1966,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF82FF90FF1FDB47FE3DF913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF82FF90FF1FDB47FE3DF913" blockId="7.[151,1436,1573,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FF1FDB47FED5F9BF" bold="true" box="[151,278,1573,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF82FF90FBDEDB45FB47F9B8" box="[1110,1156,1575,1596]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FBDEDB45FB47F9B8" box="[1110,1156,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FA80DB47FAFAF9BF" bold="true" box="[1288,1337,1573,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (ZMUC R68255) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF82FF90FEE4DB27FE1FF9DE" box="[364,476,1604,1626]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FEE4DB27FE1FF9DE" box="[364,476,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FE6BDB27FDF7F9DE" bold="true" box="[483,564,1605,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF82FF90FE6BDB27FDF7F9DE" box="[483,564,1605,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FD2CDB26FD75F9DD" bold="true" box="[676,694,1604,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">A</emphasis>
|
||
), right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FCDADB27FCA0F9DE" bold="true" box="[850,867,1605,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and left lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FB9EDB26FBEBF9DE" bold="true" box="[1046,1064,1604,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FB0ADB27FB71F9DE" bold="true" box="[1154,1202,1605,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF82FF90FB30DB27FA80F9DE" box="[1208,1347,1604,1626]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FB30DB27FA80F9DE" box="[1208,1347,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMUC R68254: Dodola) in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FE34DB01FE0DF9FC" bold="true" box="[444,462,1635,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">D</emphasis>
|
||
) and left lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FD0EDB01FD54F9FC" bold="true" box="[646,663,1635,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">E</emphasis>
|
||
) views; F–G
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF82FF90FCA0DB06FC77F9FD" box="[808,948,1635,1657]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FCA0DB06FC77F9FD" box="[808,948,1635,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FA97DB01FAEDF9FC" bold="true" box="[1311,1326,1635,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">F</emphasis>
|
||
) and right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF82FF90FF6DDBE3FF3AF913" bold="true" box="[229,249,1665,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">G</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bars 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF82FF90FF4FDBA6FD86F8CD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1732,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Midvertebral scales variably single (vertebral) or double (paravertebral), for example single from level of 60th to 72nd ventral and from 74th to 80th, but double at level of 73rd ventral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF82FF90FC59DB8AFBD6F885" box="[977,1045,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[305,1254,204,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[299,1266,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64 th and 77 th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Twentyseven (left) and 25 (right) vertebral scales aligned with the 60th–80th ventral scales (
|
||
<tableCitation id="B04AEC8CFF82FF90FCABDA6EFCB8F8A1" box="[803,891,1804,1829]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,157,180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,275,1138]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Variation in numbers of vertebral scales aligned with 20 approximately midbody ventral scales in species of Bitis. Numbers separated by a comma are values reported for left, right side where that differs. Some of these specimens are illustrated in Fig. 6. All specimen numbers have BMNH prefix unless otherwise indicated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Approximately 17 dorsal scale rows on base of tail at level of anteriormost subcaudal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF82FF90FF4FDA36FB99F85D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1732,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Keels on body scales moderate, most prominent on dorsum, less prominent on lower than upper flanks, absent on first dorsal scale row; where prominent, keels extend to distal tip of scales; posterior margins of scales entire (not notched). Difficult to determine presence or absence of apical pits; seemingly present in at least some dorsal body scales, paired, close to scale tips. All scales on tail keeled except for subcaudals.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF8DFF9FFF1FDB63FDFBF94B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8DFF9FFF1FDB63FDFBF94B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1537,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFF1FDB63FED7F992" bold="true" box="[151,276,1537,1559]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFC41DB60FC34F993" box="[969,1015,1538,1559]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFC41DB60FC34F993" box="[969,1015,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFB21DB42FB78F9B1" bold="true" box="[1193,1211,1568,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFB44DB43FAFCF9B2" box="[1228,1343,1569,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFB44DB43FAFCF9B2" box="[1228,1343,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. arietans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1964.1249),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFE91DB5DFEE9F9D0" bold="true" box="[281,298,1599,1620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFEB2DB22FE02F9D1" box="[314,449,1600,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFEB2DB22FE02F9D1" box="[314,449,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH unnumbered),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFD33DB5CFD0EF9D0" bold="true" box="[699,717,1598,1620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFD56DB22FC99F9D0" box="[734,858,1598,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFD56DB22FC99F9D0" box="[734,858,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH unnumbered),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFBDCDB5DFBA5F9D0" bold="true" box="[1108,1126,1599,1620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFBFEDB22FB2BF9D0" box="[1142,1256,1598,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFBFEDB22FB2BF9D0" box="[1142,1256,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8DFF9FFB78DB5DFA81F9D0" box="[1264,1346,1599,1620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFB78DB5DFA81F9D0" bold="true" box="[1264,1346,1599,1620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ZMUC R68255),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFF77DB3CFED3F9F7" bold="true" box="[255,272,1630,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFEA9DB3CFE6DF9F7" box="[289,430,1629,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFEA9DB3CFE6DF9F7" box="[289,430,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMUC R68254).
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFDF2DB3CFD4AF9F7" bold="true" box="[634,649,1630,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFD13DB3CFCE4F9F7" box="[667,807,1629,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFD13DB3CFCE4F9F7" box="[667,807,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZFMK 63067). Parts
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFB93DB3FFB8FF9F7" bold="true" box="[1051,1100,1629,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
are photographs of osteological preparations; parts
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFED7DB1EFE51F915" bold="true" box="[351,402,1660,1681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFE41DB1EFE1BF915" bold="true" box="[457,472,1660,1681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
|
||
are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFA0EDBFEFEC6F94B" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFA0EDBFEFEC6F94B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8DFF9FFEFADBD8FE22F94B" box="[370,481,1721,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8DFF9FFEFADBD8FE22F94B" box="[370,481,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8DFF9FFE60DBD8FDFBF94B" box="[488,568,1722,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8DFF9EFF4FDB94FADBFE0A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1782,2023]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2029]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Colour in preservative essentially two tone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8DFF9FFD48DB94FCC0F88B" box="[704,771,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the dark varying from black to dark brown and the pale being ivory (off- or cream-white). Upper surface of head satin-black with two diverging ivory streaks united at the rostral, extending on to the nasal scute, contacting the upper edge of the eye, caudad to the throat and terminating at the retroarticular process. Approximately midway along length of head, the diverging ivory streaks are connected by a narrow (one scale wide), widely-open, V-shaped pale narrow band, broken at midline by 1 or 2 dark scales. Posteriorly a second pale, narrow band extends for five scales slightly obliquely posteriorly towards midline, then turns posteriorly and unites its antimere on the dorsum behind the head. The dark region on the dorsal surface of the head can be seen as a black (narrowly subtransversely bisected) arrowhead, 21 scales wide at its widest point, and reaching to within 3 scales of the rostral anteriorly. At its widest, the dark area bears a small middorsal spot across two scales. Laterally, a preorbital band, narrow but its width spread across two scales, extends from the dorsal streak, immediately anterior to the eye, to the posterior half of the 4th supralabial. A narrow postorbital bar (less than one scale wide) extends from the posterior margin of the eye to the 10th supralabial. Supralabials mostly with pale lower edges. Underside of head entirely pale except for dark anterior and posterior margins of anteriormost infralabials and few flecks posterolaterally, close to posteriormost infralabials.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8CFF9EFF4FDCF8FDC2FCE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Upper and lateral surfaces of body mostly dark with pale markings; ventral surface mostly pale with dark markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFE9BDCDFFEA7FE52" box="[275,356,445,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,194,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1388,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Top panel shows whole animal in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Lower panel shows head in dorsal (upper left) and ventral (upper right), and left lateral (lower left) and right lateral (lower right) views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270952/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFEFFDCDCFE44FE52" box="[375,391,446,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,282,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[176,1411,508,1944]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Drawings of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. Head and anterior of body in dorsal, left lateral and ventral views. Scale bar 10 mm. Drawings by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270953/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFE1FDCDFFE64FE52" box="[407,423,445,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[305,1254,204,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[299,1266,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64 th and 77 th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal body pattern comprises a chain of 21 black sub-lozenge-shaped saddles with approximate maxima of eight scales long by 12 (rarely 14) scales wide. Lateral margins of dark saddles demarcated by narrow (generally one scale wide), irregular pale lines, often with small breaks. The flank pattern comprises broad dark patches that approximately alternate with the dorsal saddles, separated from each other by narrow pale, more or less vertical bars, 1 scale increasing ventrally to 2–3 wide. Within these dark flank markings are small, irregular pale marks. On the mid to upper flanks these pale markings are either isolated flecks or connected to form an inverted V; approximately aligned with these on the lower flanks are larger, wider deltoid pale marks issuing from the belly. Most scales in first dorsal row are pale, such that pale deltoid marks on lower flans are often continuous (ventrally) with vertical bars. The belly has scattered series of irregular spots roughly in three ranks, the innermost two brownish on each ventral plate, the outermost more black, singly or more frequently paired longitudinally. The tail has the same general colour pattern as the body (dark dorsally, pale ventrally), though the dorsal markings are less regular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8CFF9EFF4FDE0FFED1FA3D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFF4FDE0FFDF7FC02" bold="true" box="[199,564,877,902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Observation of live specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="8976FFF7FF8CFF9EFDE4DE0FFD33FC02" box="[620,752,877,902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" value="2015-10">15 October</date>
|
||
, 2013, one of us (E.R.B.) observed a live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFA0CDE0CFF30FC2D" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFA0CDE0CFF30FC2D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8CFF9EFE88DEF2FEA3FC2D" box="[256,352,912,937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFE88DEF2FEA3FC2D" bold="true" box="[256,352,912,937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the Bale Mountains National Park. The observations were made with colleagues Mark Chynoweth, James
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DF99A7FF8CFF9EFEF0DED6FE7BFC49" box="[376,440,948,973]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Kuria</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ndung’u, Sisay Sayfu, Abdu Ibrahim and Khalifa Ali – the latter four of whom have worked in the Bale Mountains for at least three years without seeing this species before. The observation was made while driving along the road between the settlements of Rira and Delo Mena, as it passes through the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFAB5DE99FA5FFB96" box="[1341,1436,1019,1042]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">Harenna</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest at approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF8CFF9EFE21D97CFDC5FBB1" box="[425,518,1054,1078]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="2140.0">2,140 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="98FCBFF0FF8CFF9EFD0BD97FFCDBFBB1" box="[643,792,1053,1078]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="6.694525">6.694525° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="98FCBFF0FF8CFF9EFCABD97FFC02FBB2" box="[803,961,1053,1078]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="39.728577">39.728576° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). This section of road is within a swath of forest that has openly spaced canopy trees (approximately 10% cover) and a very dense understory of shrubs and vines. The area is approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF8CFF9EFD98D906FD89FBF9" box="[528,586,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
from an illegal settlement (“Aboyea”) within the Bale Mountains National Park. The snake was on a large roadside verge under bright but partly cloudy skies at 12.30 pm.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DF99A7FF8CFF9EFB76D9EAFADEFB24" box="[1278,1309,1160,1184]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a result of recent road repair the verge was formed by a large amount of earth and stone (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF8CFF9EFB4CD9C9FB32FB46" box="[1220,1265,1195,1219]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
wide on either side of the road) that had been moved mechanically. This section of road requires regular maintenance in the wet season thus creating fairly regular disturbance for a distance of c.
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF8CFF9EFC1DD993FC16FA8D" box="[917,981,1264,1289]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
. Upon sighting, the driver Sisay Sayfu stopped the vehicle within
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF8CFF9EFE4BD876FE2EFAA8" box="[451,493,1300,1324]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
of the snake, which was apparently basking on the verge and did not move for a few minutes while being observed and photographed. The animal was matt black dorsally, more glossy along the lower flanks. The pale markings were distinctly yellowish. From memory the animal was approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF8CFF9EFA93D839FAFCFAF7" box="[1307,1343,1371,1395]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
in total length. It moved slowly off the side of the road and into undergrowth when the observers left the vehicle for closer inspection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8CFF9EFF4FD8A6FEB9F9EC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The photographs (one shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFDBDD8A6FDBBFA58" box="[565,632,1476,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,337,1644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Live (uncollected) specimen of Bitis harenna sp. nov. photographed in the Harenna Forest of the Bale Mountains National Park in October 2013. The snake was approximately 1 m in total length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270958/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) show an animal clearly very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF8CFF9EFBE5D8A6FB0CFA59" box="[1133,1231,1476,1501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFB7ED8A7FAB0FA58" box="[1270,1395,1476,1500]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFB7ED8A7FAB0FA58" box="[1270,1395,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8CFF9EFAF2D8A6FF0BF984" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFAF2D8A6FF0BF984" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The colour pattern is the same with minor differences, including a more transverse (not posteromedially deflected) pale bar dorsally on the head behind the eyes. The tail is relatively longer than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF8CFF9EFB40DB68FAEEF9A7" box="[1224,1325,1546,1571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, such that the live specimen is likely male. The animal has a general overall similarity (the ‘jizz’ of birdwatchers) to the puff adder
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFF54DB33FEB9F9EC" box="[220,378,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFF54DB33FEB6F9EC" box="[220,373,1617,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">Bitis arietans</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF8CFF9AFF4FDB16FBDEFB30" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8CFF9EFF4FDB16FB7DF869" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFF4FDB16FEF8F909" bold="true" box="[199,315,1652,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF8CFF9EFEF6DB16FE23F909" box="[382,480,1652,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFD98DB17FD68F908" box="[528,683,1652,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFD98DB17FD68F908" box="[528,683,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8CFF9EFD30DB16FCD4F909" box="[696,791,1652,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFD30DB16FCD4F909" bold="true" box="[696,791,1652,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was identified previously as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFBF0DB17FAD6F908" box="[1144,1301,1652,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFBF0DB17FAD6F908" box="[1144,1301,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Largen & Rasmussen 1993, Largen & Spawls 2010) and was used by Wittenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFC67DBFAFBEEF92B" box="[1007,1069,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015) to score morphological characters for that species in their phylogenetic analyses. The skulls of ZMUC R68255 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFB0BDBD9FB3CF956" box="[1155,1279,1722,1746]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFB0BDBD9FB3CF956" box="[1155,1279,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8CFF9EFA8FDBD8FAA1F957" box="[1287,1378,1722,1747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFA8FDBD8FAA1F957" bold="true" box="[1287,1378,1722,1747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) and R68254 and ZFMK63067 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFE59DBBCFDA8F971" box="[465,619,1757,1781]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFE59DBBCFDA8F971" box="[465,619,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as analysed with HRXCT data, differ in several respects (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFA96DBBFFAADF972" box="[1310,1390,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFAF6DBBCFA4CF972" box="[1406,1423,1758,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Groombridge (1980: 140) reported a derived condition (present in the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFBF8DA63FAD6F89C" box="[1136,1301,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Macrocerastes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFA0CDA63FECFF8B8" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFA0CDA63FECFF8B8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFE35DA47FD85F8B8" box="[445,582,1828,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFE35DA47FD85F8B8" box="[445,582,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[including its then subjective junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFBD3DA47FB37F8B8" box="[1115,1268,1828,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFBD3DA47FB37F8B8" box="[1115,1268,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. rhinoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]) in which the concavity on the lateral wall of the braincase for the origin of the
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFCFADA2AFB42F8DB" box="[882,1153,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">M. retractor pterygoidei</emphasis>
|
||
is not limited posteriorly by a flange on the posterior edge of the parietal but instead extends onto the prootic. ZMUC R68255 exhibits the plesiomorphic condition, with a limiting posterior parietal flange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFC17DAEFFC25F822" box="[927,998,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D) and R68254 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFB26DAEFFB36F822" box="[1198,1269,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and ZFMK 63067 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFF65DAD2FEF3F84D" box="[237,304,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F) a moderate manifestation of the derived condition, somewhat more like that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFB42DAD3FA9CF84C" box="[1226,1375,1969,1992]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFB42DAD3FA9CF84C" box="[1226,1375,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFAE6DAD2FF65F868" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFE94DAB7FE60F868" box="[284,419,2004,2028]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFE94DAB7FE60F868" box="[284,419,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8CFF9EFE3ADAB6FE35F868" box="[434,502,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8CFF9EFD57DAB7FCBBF868" box="[735,888,2004,2028]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8CFF9EFD57DAB7FCBBF868" box="[735,888,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not previously reported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF8FFF9DFF1FDACFFBF8F866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[305,1254,204,1912]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8FFF9DFF1FDACFFBF8F866" blockId="10.[151,1436,1965,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8FFF9DFF1FDACFFED1F846" bold="true" box="[151,274,1965,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R68255) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8FFF9DFD6CDACCFCAFF847" box="[740,876,1965,1987]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8FFF9DFD6CDACCFCAFF847" box="[740,876,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8FFF9DFCF9DACFFC02F846" bold="true" box="[881,961,1965,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8FFF9DFCF9DACFFC02F846" box="[881,961,1965,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64th and 77th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF8EFF9CFF1FDB45FB28F91D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270957/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[157,1430,201,1538]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8EFF9CFF1FDB45FB28F91D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1575,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFF1FDB45FED7F9B8" bold="true" box="[151,276,1575,1597]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of dorsal scale row patterns in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFCDBDB4AFC42F9B9" box="[851,897,1576,1597]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFCDBDB4AFC42F9B9" box="[851,897,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each figure part shows an approximately midbody section of the flank in left lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFDB2DB24FD8FF9DF" bold="true" box="[570,588,1606,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">A</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFDD5DB25FD13F9D8" box="[605,720,1606,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFDD5DB25FD13F9D8" box="[605,720,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8EFF9CFD51DB24FCEFF9DF" box="[729,812,1606,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFD51DB24FCEFF9DF" bold="true" box="[729,812,1606,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ZMUC R68255),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFC70DB24FBCAF9DF" bold="true" box="[1016,1033,1606,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFB93DB25FB6BF9D8" box="[1051,1192,1606,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFB93DB25FB6BF9D8" box="[1051,1192,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMUC 68254),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFAEADB24FAB7F9D8" bold="true" box="[1378,1396,1606,1628]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFA0EDB25FF36F9FE" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFA0EDB25FF36F9FE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1968.54),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFE45DB07FE1CF9FE" bold="true" box="[461,479,1637,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">D</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFE7CDB07FD42F9FE" box="[500,641,1636,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFE7CDB07FD42F9FE" box="[500,641,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. rhinoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1930.11.19.75),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFC10DB07FC6AF9FE" bold="true" box="[920,937,1637,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">E</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFC34DB07FB8BF9FE" box="[956,1096,1637,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFC34DB07FB8BF9FE" box="[956,1096,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH ‘529’),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFA8CDB07FAD0F9FE" bold="true" box="[1284,1299,1637,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">F</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFAAFDB07FA5FF9FE" box="[1319,1436,1637,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFAAFDB07FA5FF9FE" box="[1319,1436,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. arietans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 87.11.3.32). Red dots mark scale row losses, blue dots mark scale row gains. Drawings by Ed Wade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8EFF9BFF5ADBA5FD96FE98" blockId="11.[151,1436,1733,2011]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
In the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFEA9DBA5FE7EF95A" box="[289,445,1734,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFEA9DBA5FE7EF95A" box="[289,445,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens ZFMK 63067 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8EFF9CFD72DBA7FC83F95A" box="[762,832,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F) and ZMUC R68254 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFBE8DBA5FB3FF95A" box="[1120,1276,1734,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFBE8DBA5FB3FF95A" box="[1120,1276,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8EFF9CFA87DBA7FA97F95A" box="[1295,1364,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E) the prootic forms a strong ridge overhanging the foramina for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, whereas this ridge is absent in R68255 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFE7DDA6DFDB2F8A2" box="[501,625,1806,1830]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFE7DDA6DFDB2F8A2" box="[501,625,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8EFF9CFDF0DA6FFD11F8A2" box="[632,722,1805,1830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFDF0DA6FFD11F8A2" bold="true" box="[632,722,1805,1830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8EFF9CFD68DA6FFCE7F8A2" box="[736,804,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the right lateral wall of the braincase in species of Bitis. Each figure part shows the braincase in approximately lateral (some more dorso- or ventro-, and some more postero or anterolateral) view. A) B. arietans (BMNH 1964.1249), B) B. nasicornis (BMNH unnumbered), C) B. gabonica (BMNH unnumbered), D) B. harenna sp. nov. (ZMUC R 68255), E) B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254). F) B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067). Parts A – C are photographs of osteological preparations; parts D, E and F are µCT volume reconstructions. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: bo = basioccipital, eo = exoccipital-opisthotic, f = fenestra ovalis, p = prootic, pa = parietal, s = proximal end of stapes. * = prootic ridge present in B. parviocula but not in B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270955/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). A strong ridge here is present also in the dried skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFF3EDA51FEFDF8CE" box="[182,318,1842,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFF3EDA51FEFDF8CE" box="[182,318,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFEFEDA51FE31F8CE" box="[374,498,1843,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFEFEDA51FE31F8CE" box="[374,498,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. arietans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in this study, but much smaller or absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFBE8DA51FB3FF8CE" box="[1120,1276,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFBE8DA51FB3BF8CE" box="[1120,1272,1843,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">B. nasicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The facets on the anterodorsal edges of the frontals for the medial process of the prefrontals are clearly separated at the midline in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF8EFF9CFF49DA18FEE0F817" box="[193,291,1914,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the new species (ZMUC R69255:
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8EFF9CFD47DA18FCD3F816" box="[719,784,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A) but continuous in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFBA5DA19FB05F816" box="[1069,1222,1914,1938]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFBA5DA19FB05F816" box="[1069,1222,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens ZMUC R68254 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8EFF9CFF77DAFFFE82F832" box="[255,321,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D) and ZFMK 63067 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF8EFF9CFDC9DAFFFD47F832" box="[577,644,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFD6ADAFDFC9EF832" box="[738,861,1950,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFD6ADAFDFC9EF832" box="[738,861,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8EFF9CFCEDDAFFFC7CF832" box="[869,959,1949,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFCEDDAFFFC7CF832" bold="true" box="[869,959,1949,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
condition for this character is also present in the skeletal material of
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFE32DAA1FD13F85E" box="[442,720,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFE32DAA1FDF4F85E" box="[442,567,1987,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">B. arietans</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFDCBDAA1FD0EF85E" box="[579,717,1986,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">B. gabonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8EFF9CFC8FDAA1FC59F85E" box="[775,922,1987,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8EFF9CFC8FDAA1FC59F85E" box="[775,922,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined here. Böhme (1990) suggested that the fangs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFEABDDFBFE63FF34" box="[291,416,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFEABDDFBFE63FF34" box="[291,416,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF89FF9BFE2FDDF5FDC2FF34" box="[423,513,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFE2FDDF5FDC2FF34" bold="true" box="[423,513,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are relatively longer than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFC03DDFBFBE7FF34" box="[907,1060,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFC03DDFBFBE7FF34" box="[907,1060,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we do not find that to be the case. Although there are very small differences in numbers of teeth between ZMUC R68255 and 68254, making accurate and precise tooth counts from HRXCT data is not easy, and counts for ZFMK63067 suggest there are not clear interspecific differences (
|
||
<tableCitation id="B04AEC8CFF89FF9BFE78DC66FD80FE98" box="[496,579,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,385,2026]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for specimens of Bitis harenna sp. nov. and B. parviocula. Dimensions in mm; * indicates holotype; values separated by comma given in left, right order; characters in the form “ X – Y ” represent shortest distance between (not including) structures “ X ” and “ Y ”; distances measured in number of scales represents fewest scales between two points. Head length measured as snout tip – posterior end of retroarticular process. Mental and rostral shield dimensions are for externally exposed surfaces. Circumorbital count includes supraocular scale. Data for holotype of B. parviocula in parentheses from Böhme (1977). Tooth counts are recorded from µCT reconstructions. Blank cells indicate data not recorded; dash indicates data could not be recorded." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" tableUuid="A9B789BFFF86FF94FF1FDDFAFC35FEE3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF89FF9BFF1FDBE3FC0CF932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270958/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[188,1398,337,1643]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF89FF9BFF1FDBE3FC0CF932" blockId="12.[151,1436,1665,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFF1FDBE3FED0F913" bold="true" box="[151,275,1665,1687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Live (uncollected) specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFDD5DBE0FD25F913" box="[605,742,1665,1687]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFDD5DBE0FD25F913" box="[605,742,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF89FF9BFD64DBE0FCFEF913" box="[748,829,1666,1687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFD64DBE0FCFEF913" bold="true" box="[748,829,1666,1687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
photographed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFB9EDBE0FBAFF913" box="[1046,1132,1666,1687]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">Harenna</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest of the Bale Mountains National Park in October 2013. The snake was approximately 1 m in total length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF89FF9AFF4FDBBFFDFBFE28" blockId="12.[151,1437,1757,2034]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF89FF9BFF73DBBFFE9EF972" box="[251,349,1757,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZFMK 16803) and the only other known museum specimens (ZFMK 60367, ZMUC R68254) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFF3EDA60FEA8F89D" box="[182,363,1793,1817]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFF3EDA60FEA8F89D" box="[182,363,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Bitis parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF89FF9BFD85DA63FD44F89E" box="[525,647,1793,1818]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1399,1421]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,195,1253]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,553,1377]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,1201,1911]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1254]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[151,1436,553,1378]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[151,1436,1201,1911]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Photographs of holotype (ZFMK 16803) of Bitis parviocula. Whole animal in A) dorsal and B) ventral views, and head in C) ventral and D) dorsal views. Scale bars 5 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Photographs of a referred specimen (ZFMK 63067) of Bitis parviocula. Head shown in A) dorsal, B) ventral, C) left lateral, and D) right lateral views. Scale bar 5 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Photographs of a referred specimen (ZMUC R 68254) of Bitis parviocula. Top panel shows whole animal in ventral (above) and dorsal (below) views. Lower panel shows head in (from left to right) dorsal, right and left lateral, and ventral views. Upper scale bar 10 cm, lower scale 2 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/270959/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/270960/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/270961/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Figs. 8–10</figureCitation>
|
||
. Although the skull of ZMUC R68254 is partly smashed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF89FF9BFA95DA63FAA1F89E" box="[1309,1378,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[156,1406,221,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[156,1407,221,1550]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Volume reconstructions of µCT data for the skull and mandible of Ethiopian Bitis specimens. A – C holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of B. harenna sp. nov. in dorsal (A), right lateral (B) and left lateral (C) views; D – E B. parviocula (ZMUC R 68254: Dodola) in dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views; F – G B. parviocula (ZFMK 63067: Bonga) in dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views. Scale bars 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270954/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), the proportions of the head of this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFE7FDA44FD53F8B9" box="[503,656,1829,1853]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFE7FDA44FD53F8B9" box="[503,656,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen are nonetheless interpreted as being genuinely different to (more slender than) those of ZMUC R68255. The distance between the snout tip and eye in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF89FF9BFB36DA2BFAE3F8E6" box="[1214,1312,1865,1890]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the new species (ZMUC R68255) is 25.7% of the head length but this value in the ZMUC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFBA3DA0CFB00F801" box="[1067,1219,1901,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFBA3DA0CFB00F801" box="[1067,1219,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen is 32.1% - both specimens were measured on the left side of the head, the left mandible being largely intact in both. This proportion in the less damaged head of ZFMK 63067 is 28.2%, and is approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF89FF9BFBD7DAD4FB6DF84A" box="[1119,1198,1973,1998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2136" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="28.4">28.4 in</quantity>
|
||
the smashed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF89FF9BFAD8DAD7FA50F84A" box="[1360,1427,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1253]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,195,1254]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of holotype (ZFMK 16803) of Bitis parviocula. Whole animal in A) dorsal and B) ventral views, and head in C) ventral and D) dorsal views. Scale bars 5 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270959/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) head of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF89FF9BFEBDDABBFE54F876" box="[309,407,2009,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZFMK 16803. Although a small individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF89FF9BFC65DAB8FB4DF875" box="[1005,1166,2009,2033]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF89FF9BFC65DAB8FB4DF875" box="[1005,1166,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from S.S.’s memory approximately
|
||
<quantity id="3A3074D2FF88FF9AFECADDF5FE49FF2B" box="[322,394,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
long) has the appearance of being relatively slim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF88FF9AFC52DDF5FBEFFF34" box="[986,1068,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,965,987]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,193,938]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[261,1325,193,943]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photographs of nine wild-caught individuals of Bitis parviocula from southwestern Ethiopia. The animal in the top left panel is the small individual reported by Nečas et al. (1993 a, b), the animal in the lower right panel is a roadkill specimen (ZFMK 63067) from 20 km west of Bonga photographed before preservation, both photographs by Stephen Spawls. The other seven specimens (photographs courtesy of John Tashjian) were in the pet trade in Europe and are not in museum collections." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270962/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
top left panel; Dobiey & Vogel 2007: 116; Nečas
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFEFADDDFFE73FF50" box="[370,432,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993a: fig. 1; Nečas 1997: 59), all photographs of recently wild-caught, larger and presumably adult individuals (examples shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF88FF9AFD60DDBDFCF8FF7C" box="[744,827,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,965,987]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,193,938]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[261,1325,193,943]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photographs of nine wild-caught individuals of Bitis parviocula from southwestern Ethiopia. The animal in the top left panel is the small individual reported by Nečas et al. (1993 a, b), the animal in the lower right panel is a roadkill specimen (ZFMK 63067) from 20 km west of Bonga photographed before preservation, both photographs by Stephen Spawls. The other seven specimens (photographs courtesy of John Tashjian) were in the pet trade in Europe and are not in museum collections." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270962/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) show heavily bodied, stout animals approximately similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFE9DDC67FDA1FE98" box="[277,610,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE9DDC67FE70FE98" box="[277,435,261,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">B. nasicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE4CDC67FDA1FE98" box="[452,610,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">B. rhinoceros</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFD2EDC67FCF7FE98" box="[678,820,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFD2EDC67FCF7FE98" box="[678,820,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. gabonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF88FF9AFC69DC66FB80FE99" box="[993,1091,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFBFEDC67FB3BFE98" box="[1142,1272,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFBFEDC67FB3BFE98" box="[1142,1272,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFA8EDC66FAA5FE99" box="[1286,1382,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFA8EDC66FAA5FE99" bold="true" box="[1286,1382,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and conspecific animal observed live in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFDDADC4AFD72FEBB" box="[594,689,296,319]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">Harenna</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest appear somewhat more slender, contributing (along with an apparently more slender, posteriorly elongate head) to its more puff-adder-like form.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFBFADC2FFAEBFEE0" box="[1138,1320,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFBFADC2FFAEBFEE0" box="[1138,1320,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Bitis parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly quite variable in colour and colour pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF88FF9AFD2DDC0DFD3FFE0C" box="[677,764,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,965,987]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,193,938]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[261,1325,193,943]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photographs of nine wild-caught individuals of Bitis parviocula from southwestern Ethiopia. The animal in the top left panel is the small individual reported by Nečas et al. (1993 a, b), the animal in the lower right panel is a roadkill specimen (ZFMK 63067) from 20 km west of Bonga photographed before preservation, both photographs by Stephen Spawls. The other seven specimens (photographs courtesy of John Tashjian) were in the pet trade in Europe and are not in museum collections." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270962/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
; Dobiey & Vogel 2007) but no specimens approach the distinctive appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE3EDCF7FDF2FE28" box="[438,561,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFE3EDCF7FDF2FE28" box="[438,561,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FDCD5FBEDFDB9" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The scales of ZMUC R68255 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFDB8DCDBFD6DFE54" box="[560,686,440,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFDB8DCDBFD6DFE54" box="[560,686,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFD30DCD5FCD6FE54" box="[696,789,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFD30DCD5FCD6FE54" bold="true" box="[696,789,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) are slightly different in texture to those of R68254 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFA0CDCDBFED3FE70" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFA0CDCDBFED3FE70" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), being less horny, but this might be attributable to differences in preservation. The dorsal scalation pattern of ZMUC R68254 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE59DF63FDA8FD9C" box="[465,619,512,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFE59DF63FDA8FD9C" box="[465,619,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is generally similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF88FF9AFC20DC9DFBC9FD9C" box="[936,1034,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFBBBDF63FB73FD9C" box="[1075,1200,512,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFBBBDF63FB73FD9C" box="[1075,1200,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFB31DC9DFAD7FD9C" box="[1209,1300,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFB31DC9DFAD7FD9C" bold="true" box="[1209,1300,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, though the fluctuations in the formula for the 60th to 80th ventral are even more pronounced:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FDE6DFE45FBA0" blockId="13.[151,1437,783,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The midvertebral scales in R68254 are also more variable: single from the level of 60th to 73rd ventral and from 74th to 77th, but double at level of 73rd and of 78th to 80th ventral. Compared with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF88FF9AFB7DDE51FA94FCC8" box="[1269,1367,819,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFA0CDE56FF30FCEB" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFA0CDE56FF30FCEB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFF75DE35FE99FCF4" box="[253,346,855,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFF75DE35FE99FCF4" bold="true" box="[253,346,855,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, R68254 has more (30–31 versus 25–27:
|
||
<tableCitation id="B04AEC8CFF88FF9AFCCBDE35FC5AFCF4" box="[835,921,855,880]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,157,180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,275,1138]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Variation in numbers of vertebral scales aligned with 20 approximately midbody ventral scales in species of Bitis. Numbers separated by a comma are values reported for left, right side where that differs. Some of these specimens are illustrated in Fig. 6. All specimen numbers have BMNH prefix unless otherwise indicated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="A9B789BFFF80FF92FF1FDDFFFB40FF7E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) vertebral scales aligned with the 60th–80th ventrals, and the posteroventral ‘lines’ of dorsal scales on the lower flanks are more steeply inclined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF88FF9AFA9DDE19FA99FC10" box="[1301,1370,891,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[305,1254,204,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[299,1266,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drawing of the holotype (ZMUC R 68255) of Bitis harenna sp. nov. showing the dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) body scalation (between the levels of the 64 th and 77 th ventral scale) Drawing by Ed Wade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270956/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The range of variation in all characters noted in this paper for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFC93DEC2FC54FC33" box="[795,919,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFC93DEC2FC54FC33" box="[795,919,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFC15DEFDFC34FC3C" box="[925,1015,927,952]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFC15DEFDFC34FC3C" bold="true" box="[925,1015,927,952]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFBA5DEC2FB06FC33" box="[1069,1221,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFBA5DEC2FB06FC33" box="[1069,1221,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be expected to expand (with unknown magnitude) as more specimens are examined, such that characterization of these two species will need revision in future. A map of the known distribution of the three species of Ethiopian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFAC4DE8AFA43FC7B" box="[1356,1408,1000,1023]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFAC4DE8AFA43FC7B" box="[1356,1408,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="65F3C5B2FF88FF9AFEAED969FEBBFBA0" box="[294,376,1035,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[177,1401,1165,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1407,1159,1863]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Map of southern and western Ethiopia showing the distribution of the three native species of Bitis. Incomplete lines depict country borders; solid lines depict major rivers and lakes; stippled area indicates land above 2,000 m elevation. Circles = B. arietans localities from Largen & Spawls (2010); triangles = B. parviocula localities in southwest Ethiopia from Largen & Spawls (2010); square = town of Dodola (reported locality of holotype of B. harenna sp. nov. and single specimen of B. parviocula); five-pointed star = locality of recent sighting of live specimen of B. harenna sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270963/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FD94DFBDEFB30" blockId="13.[151,1437,783,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Böhme (1977) named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE51D952FDBAFBC3" box="[473,633,1071,1095]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFE51D952FDBAFBC3" box="[473,633,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its seemingly small eyes, and this morphological feature was interpreted as an indication that the species was somewhat fossorial. The eyes of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="22736795FF88FF9AFBE2D936FB59FBE8" box="[1130,1178,1108,1132]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(and at that time only known) specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE0BD91AFDD8FB0B" box="[387,539,1143,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFE0BD91AFDD8FB0B" box="[387,539,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small by artefact—this specimen was found dead and squashed on the road, and live specimens of the species do not have notably small eyes (Spawls 1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF88FF9AFF4FD9DDFCB2FAC0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FD9DDFEACFAA4" blockId="13.[151,1437,783,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFF4FD9DDFE8DFB5C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1215,1240]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE76D9A2FD9EFB53" box="[510,605,1216,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">Harenna</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest and escarpment, in the Bale Mountains National Park, where a live specimen of the new species was recently sighted. For nomenclatural purposes the specific epithet is considered a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FD849FCB2FAC0" blockId="13.[151,1437,783,1816]" box="[199,881,1323,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFF4FD849FE3FFAC0" bold="true" box="[199,508,1323,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Suggested common name.</emphasis>
|
||
Bale Mountains adder (English).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF88FF9AFF4FD82DFBE3F893" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FD82DFC79F928" blockId="13.[151,1437,783,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFF4FD82DFE7DFAEC" bold="true" box="[199,446,1359,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
We obviously know very little about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFCFED832FBD3FAE3" box="[886,1040,1359,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFCFED832FBD3FAE3" box="[886,1040,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFB91D82DFBB6FAEC" box="[1049,1141,1359,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFB91D82DFBB6FAEC" bold="true" box="[1049,1141,1359,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and thus its conservation status is likely to be Data Deficient based on IUCN Red List criteria. However, any large snake, especially a probably venomous one, is likely to face persecution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DF99A7FF88FF9AFC9AD8F5FCB6FA34" box="[786,885,1431,1456]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We are unable to support Nečas
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFB78D8FAFAEAFA2B" box="[1264,1321,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
’s (1993b) comments about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFEDDD8DEFE2FFA50" box="[341,492,1468,1492]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFEDDD8DEFE2FFA50" box="[341,492,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being revered and protected by local folklore, and all three specimens of this species in museum collections have been damaged and were likely killed (or at least smashed post mortem) by local people. The region as a whole is under great pressure from agriculture and increasing urbanization, exacerbated by very high human population growth. The only known precise locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFB9DDB4AFB55F9BB" box="[1045,1174,1575,1599]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFB9DDB4AFB55F9BB" box="[1045,1174,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">B. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF88FF9AFB2CDB4AFB3FF9BB" box="[1188,1276,1576,1599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFAB5DB4AFA5FF9BB" box="[1341,1436,1576,1599]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna">Harenna</taxonomicName>
|
||
escarpment of the Bale Mountains, is within a National Park but is also under great environmental pressure by human modification of habitats (see Gower
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFD06DB12FD0BF903" box="[654,712,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013). Thus, we suggest there should be urgent concern about the well being of this species in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF88FF9AFF4FDBD5FBE3F893" blockId="13.[151,1437,783,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFF4FDBD5FD40F954" bold="true" box="[199,643,1719,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Revised key to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFE3CDBD5FE2AF94B" box="[436,489,1719,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFE3CDBD5FE2AF94B" bold="true" box="[436,489,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DF99A7FF88FF9AFD9DDBD5FDBDF954" box="[533,638,1719,1744]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Largen and Rasmussen (1993: 383) provided a key to the then two known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFEECDBBEFE54F977" box="[356,407,1756,1779]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFEECDBBEFE54F977" box="[356,407,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85DF99A7FF88FF9AFE57DBB9FD81F970" box="[479,578,1755,1780]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Their key will not work with the addition of the new species, and here we offer the following, modified key to the three nominal Ethiopian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF88FF9AFC6DDA62FBDBF893" box="[997,1048,1792,1815]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF88FF9AFC6DDA62FBDBF893" box="[997,1048,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Bitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A9B789BFFF8BFF99FF1FD99EFBC5FAB4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1253]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8BFF99FF1FD99EFBC5FAB4" blockId="14.[151,1435,1276,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FF1FD99EFED1FA95" bold="true" box="[151,274,1276,1298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of holotype (ZFMK 16803) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8BFF99FD5ED99FFCBAFA96" box="[726,889,1276,1298]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FD5ED99FFCBAFA96" box="[726,889,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Bitis parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whole animal in
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FBBCD99EFB85FA95" bold="true" box="[1076,1094,1276,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal and
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FB4CD99EFB16FA95" bold="true" box="[1220,1237,1276,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral views, and head in
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FF6FD878FF3AFAB4" bold="true" box="[231,249,1306,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral and
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FEF7D879FE52FAB4" bold="true" box="[383,401,1307,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal views. Scale bars 5 cm. Photographs by Harry Taylor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5D28ABCFF8BFF99FF1FD83BFA5FF9A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="key">
|
||
<key id="89598E06FF8BFF99FF1FD83BFA5FF9A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<keyStep id="463CC192FF8BFF99FF1FD83BFA58FA43" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8BFF99FF1FD83BFA58FA08" blockId="14.[151,1436,1369,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<keyLead id="46397A02FF8BFF99FF1FD83BFA58FA08" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
1 Dorsal pattern consists of V-shapes pointing tailwards; pale interocular stripe running between posterior edge of eyes.................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8BFF99FA93D815FA58FA08" box="[1307,1435,1399,1420]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arietans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FA93D815FA58FA08" box="[1307,1435,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Bitis arietans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8BFF99FF1FD8F7FA58FA43" blockId="14.[151,1436,1369,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<keyLead id="46397A02FF8BFF99FF1FD8F7FA58FA43" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">- Dorsal pattern not comprising V-shapes; pale transverse stripe on dorsum of head substantially behind level of eyes (as far behind eyes as eyes are from snout tip)..................................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="463CC192FF8BFF99FF1FD8ADFA5FF9A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8BFF99FF1FD8ADFA58F985" blockId="14.[151,1436,1369,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<keyLead id="46397A02FF8BFF99FF1FD8ADFA58F985" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
2 Ground colour yellow, tan or brown, dorsal pattern consists of alternate blackish hexagons and yellowish butterfly shapes............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8BFF99FA89D88EFA58F985" box="[1281,1435,1516,1537]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FA89D88EFA58F985" box="[1281,1435,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Bitis parviocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD77D937FF8BFF99FF1FDB68FA5FF9A4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1369,1568]" box="[151,1436,1545,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<keyLead id="46397A02FF8BFF99FF1FDB68FA5FF9A4" box="[151,1436,1545,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
- Ground colour black, dorsal pattern consists of fine to broad yellowish reticulations................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC8A2B4FF8BFF99FB40DB68FA8AF99B" box="[1224,1353,1546,1567]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harenna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FB40DB68FA8AF99B" box="[1224,1353,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Bitis harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D48FB85EFF8BFF99FAC7DB68FA5FF9A4" box="[1359,1436,1546,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFBC0525FF8BFF99FAC7DB68FA5FF9A4" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,1546,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |