1425 lines
212 KiB
XML
1425 lines
212 KiB
XML
<document id="5852ED1967EDBBB56C3A039F84D809F8" ID-CLB-Dataset="21207" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598027921682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Robertsonidra porifera" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="FF87FFBAD16C5C716215FFFAFF85FFE8" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="221" updateTime="1698845144665" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1A8CA1D22CEE47912B3E31F7517956C7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D93F083FDBE1EA8E00FFB1E69047E75C">
|
||
<mods:title id="E2F0AB735A179B0C06F1CB9C45E94FFF">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="C9A8508C607394826C3D42A0CF6307DD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A09E78696F5E9330B417463697C1E0D0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CE68FD9AF22E6A5D983331D6869E17B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CFC4FAE3B613B03462078C333327179A">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="FE33ACC481DACAA178CC5D58E4B05DF3">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CCFA0ECD2D3500A9F553A6D2CEFF8AF3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F65A8BC60F4E542648378304C5CC8C96">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C1F635DEFDCBCFE361F632FDD843FFC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E4C2A27A5E99A68157F32C7EE25E56F0">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="7A00B3480016F6A1347C0C0E277611EC">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Aquatic Ecology, Biological Faculty, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="3C0D4CBB847A49317B4A293D766756D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="7317380F2E94E6F6EF1A6D782D1D8862" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="06F93572C733F289504BF80DAE6709E9">
|
||
<mods:title id="C0CA910523DDCC7F1FBB0C4E825E3DE5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0FF163BC90A7A767EC2CC0E366DBEFE8">
|
||
<mods:date id="95BF0763004B59D45403E9B70AA3C722">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="51D72B3E6ED56CA7B028C0260B5812FB" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="88FA6512547F1C415044DF3E135B3F6C">2016-12-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="66F910975F9F83614BCB444EA2288307" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="EBCFCD8CEDB26EC42E6526081ECCE4EB">51</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="EB43F2FBE4EC68E431BC9EF2518F8D06" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C586DC67A0E1654C49C259F346F66D5F">141</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="06A20BEB9E1B137B03ECAA31EB98B762">266</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="49C0BA8471C8493D1CFBB99165913C52">
|
||
<mods:url id="9496961763C524F4BC49C3854D76CC57">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="DE7D1AE1B2B2803C76BCA40C6E17E3E4">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9E012C6522DD0BE796D55CF99F7E7B54" type="CLB-Dataset">21207</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="06EB500FFA22F638AA7495F1A6E99908" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1A213213F41E4CCB024485BFC2B55A62" type="GBIF-Dataset">ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C7D4EB490B4763BAA20325D6AE818456" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2BC9D5082CCB6BC11BF80B3078EC5091" type="Zenodo-Dep">3994811</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167288394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13C5C21639AFA12FC11F9E9" box="[399,916,1512,1537]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13C5C21639AFA12FC11F9E9" blockId="80.[399,916,1512,1571]" box="[399,916,1512,1537]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13C5C21639AFA12FC11F9E9" box="[399,916,1512,1537]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13C5C21639AFA12FC11F9E9" ID-CoL="4T7T9" authority="(Maplestone, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Maplestone" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[399,916,1512,1537]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Robertsonidridae" genus="Robertsonidra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C21639AFA12FD2DF9E9" bold="true" box="[399,680,1512,1537]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" reason="3">Robertsonidra porifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13C5C2160ADFA12FC09F9E9" author="Maplestone CM" box="[696,908,1512,1537]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" pagination="410 - 419" refId="ref63776" refString="Maplestone CM. 1909. Polyzoa from the Gilbert Islands. P Roy Soc Victoria (N Ser). 21: 410 - 419." type="journal article" year="1909">Maplestone, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13C5C216023F9F0FD68F9CB" box="[566,749,1546,1571]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13C5C216023F9F0FD68F9CB" blockId="80.[399,916,1512,1571]" box="[566,749,1546,1571]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13C5C216023F9F0FD68F9CB" box="[566,749,1546,1571]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" reason="2">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13C5C21602BF9F0FD37F9CB" box="[574,690,1546,1571]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="79.[160,225,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994865/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
(d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C2160D2F9F0FD50F9CB" box="[711,725,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">–</emphasis>
|
||
f))
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13C5C2162B5F9C5FCBCF957" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13C5C2162B5F9C5FCD9F9BF" blockId="80.[160,916,1599,1727]" box="[160,860,1599,1623]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13C5C2162B5F9C5FD33F9BF" authority="Maplestone, 1909, p. 416" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityPageNumber="416" authorityYear="1909" box="[160,694,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C2162B5F9C5FE08F9BF" box="[160,397,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">Schizoporella porifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13C5C216383F9C5FDDBF9BF" author="Maplestone CM" box="[406,606,1599,1623]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" pagination="410 - 419" refId="ref63776" refString="Maplestone CM. 1909. Polyzoa from the Gilbert Islands. P Roy Soc Victoria (N Ser). 21: 410 - 419." type="journal article" year="1909">Maplestone, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 416
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 27, fig. 16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13C5C2162B5F998FC91F992" blockId="80.[160,916,1599,1727]" box="[160,788,1634,1658]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13C5C2162B5F998FD13F992" ID-CoL="4T7T9" authority=": Tilbrook 2006, p. 263" authorityName=": Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,662,1634,1658]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Robertsonidridae" genus="Robertsonidra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C2162B5F998FE10F992" box="[160,405,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">Robertsonidra porifera</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13C5C2163B6F998FDBBF992" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[419,574,1634,1658]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 263
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 58A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C2160E4F998FD7BF992" box="[753,766,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">–</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13C5C2162B5F97FFC11F975" blockId="80.[160,916,1599,1727]" box="[160,916,1668,1693]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13C5C2162B5F97FFC9AF975" authority=": Ryland and Hayward 1992, p. 261" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityPageNumber="261" authorityYear="1992" box="[160,799,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Robertsonidridae" genus="Robertsonidra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="novella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C2162B5F97FFE0BF975" box="[160,398,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">Robertsonidra novella</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13C5C216388F97FFD4DF975" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[413,712,1669,1693]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 261
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 19(a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13C5C2162B5F95DFCBCF957" blockId="80.[160,916,1599,1727]" box="[160,825,1703,1727]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13C5C2162B5F95DFD47F957" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 92" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,706,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Robertsonidridae" genus="Robertsonidra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="novella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13C5C2162B5F95DFE0BF957" box="[160,398,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="221">Robertsonidra novella</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13C5C216388F95DFDFCF957" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[413,633,1703,1727]" pageId="80" pageNumber="221" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 92
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 18(d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13D5C2062B5FF76FB01FF21" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FF76FE05FF4E" blockId="81.[160,1156,140,201]" box="[160,384,140,166]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13D5C2062B5FF76FE05FF4E" box="[160,384,140,166]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5FF76FE05FF4E" bold="true" box="[160,384,140,166]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FF4BFB01FF21" blockId="81.[160,1156,140,201]" box="[160,1156,177,201]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1155 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D13D5C20635AFF4BFE0CFF21" box="[335,393,177,201]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
26), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1156, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D13D5C20663DFF4BFBCAFF21" box="[1064,1103,177,201]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13D5C2062B5FF0CFD2EFC4B" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FF0CFEC8FEF8" blockId="81.[160,1156,246,375]" box="[160,333,246,272]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13D5C2062B5FF0CFEC8FEF8" box="[160,333,246,272]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5FF0CFEC8FEF8" bold="true" box="[160,333,246,272]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FEE0FBB6FE9F" blockId="81.[160,1156,246,375]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
AzL, 0.50
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206310FEE0FE97FEDA" box="[261,274,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.69 (0.602 ± 0.066); AzW, 0.37
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206078FEE0FDFFFEDA" box="[621,634,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.50 (0.443 ± 0.037) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206652FEE0FBD1FEDA" box="[1095,1108,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.13 (0.114 ± 0.009); OrW, 0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2063AAFEC6FE49FEBC" box="[447,460,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.138 ± 0.006) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206180FEC6FC27FEBC" box="[917,930,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.38 (0.308 ± 0.040); OvW, 0.31
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206306FEA5FEA5FE9F" box="[275,288,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.40 (0.362 ± 0.029) (n = 9, 1). Largest colony observed 30 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13D5C2061C9FEA5FBB5FE9F" box="[988,1072,351,375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FE5EFEA3FE56" blockId="81.[160,1156,420,931]" box="[160,294,420,446]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13D5C2062B5FE5EFEA3FE56" box="[160,294,420,446]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5FE5EFEA3FE56" bold="true" box="[160,294,420,446]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FE33FD2EFC4B" blockId="81.[160,1156,420,931]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; white or faintly yellowish in colour. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13D5C2062B2FE11FE94FDEB" box="[167,273,491,515]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="79.[160,225,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994865/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
(d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206330FE11FEB7FDEB" box="[293,306,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">–</emphasis>
|
||
f)) distinct, delineated by areolae and suture line. Frontal wall weakly convex, without pseudopores, completely and densely covered with small tubercles, with nine to 12 small areolae along each lateral margin. Orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13D5C2060C4FDCBFCBFFDA1" box="[721,826,561,585]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="79.[160,225,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994865/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) transversely elliptical, with a small, shallow, semicircular proximal sinus; surrounded by low, narrow, smooth rim; peristome lacking. Slight umbo often present proximal to orifice. Most autozooids show evidence of one or (more commonly) two small, ephemeral spines distal to orifice; ovicelled zooids often show a pair of more widely spaced spine bases lateral to orifice. Single frontal avicularium uncommonly present proximolateral to orifice. Avicularia either of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D13D5C2062E6FCFBFEB4FCF1" box="[243,305,769,793]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: in one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13D5C206380FCFBFD84FCF1" box="[405,513,769,793]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="79.[160,225,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994865/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)), mandible acute, short-triangular, directed laterally; in other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13D5C2062FCFCD9FED1FCD3" box="[233,340,803,827]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="79.[160,225,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994865/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)), mandible long, tapering, rounded at tip, directed proximolaterally. No paired avicularia observed, and most zooids lack avicularium. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13D5C2061B8FCBCFB9DFCB6" box="[941,1048,838,862]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="79.[160,225,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[178,1138,499,1483]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994865/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) hyperstomial; ooecium globose, more densely tuberculate than frontal wall, covered with minute pseudopores. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13D5C2062B5FC2AFC9DF957" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FC2AFE83FC02" blockId="81.[160,1156,976,1106]" box="[160,262,976,1002]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13D5C2062B5FC2AFE83FC02" box="[160,262,976,1002]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5FC2AFE83FC02" bold="true" box="[160,262,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FC0FFB01FBBA" blockId="81.[160,1156,976,1106]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Apparently unaware of Maplestone
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206039FC0EFDB4FBE4" box="[556,561,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1909) description (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C206156FC0FFBA2FBE5" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1909" box="[835,1063,1013,1037]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206156FC0FFBA2FBE5" box="[835,1063,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Schizoporella porifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of this species from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13D5C206348FBEDFE7CFBC7" box="[349,505,1047,1071]" name="Kiribati" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Gilbert Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C206016FBEDFCB4FBC7" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[515,817,1047,1071]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the same species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C2062B5FBC0FE07FBBA" box="[160,386,1082,1106]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Robertsonidridae" genus="Robertsonidra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="novella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5FBC0FE07FBBA" box="[160,386,1082,1106]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Robertsonidra novella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Great Barrier Reef.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C2060A7FBC0FCD6FBBA" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[690,851,1082,1106]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rectified this apparent error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FB85FEA1FB71" blockId="81.[160,1155,1151,1384]" box="[160,292,1151,1177]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13D5C2062B5FB85FEA1FB71" box="[160,292,1151,1177]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5FB85FEA1FB71" bold="true" box="[160,292,1151,1177]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5FB59FCDCFA80" blockId="81.[160,1155,1151,1384]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
We found one colony at the SES site and two at the MIN site.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C206161FB59FBECFB53" authorityName=": Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[884,1129,1187,1211]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Robertsonidridae" genus="Robertsonidra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206161FB59FBECFB53" box="[884,1129,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Robertsonidra porifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broadly distributed in shallow habitats in the subtropical to tropical western Pacific. It has been reported from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13D5C2063E6FB12FD13FAE8" box="[499,662,1256,1280]" name="Kiribati" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Gilbert Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C2060B2FB12FCEBFAE8" author="Maplestone CM" box="[679,878,1256,1280]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="410 - 419" refId="ref63776" refString="Maplestone CM. 1909. Polyzoa from the Gilbert Islands. P Roy Soc Victoria (N Ser). 21: 410 - 419." type="journal article" year="1909">Maplestone 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C2062B3FAF1FE59FACB" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[166,476,1291,1315]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13D5C2063E0FAF1FDD6FACB" box="[501,595,1291,1315]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C206071FAF1FCCEFACB" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[612,843,1291,1315]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13D5C2061D3FAF1FB06FACB" box="[966,1155,1291,1315]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C2062B3FAD4FEC0FAAE" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[166,325,1326,1350]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C206348FAD4FD8CFAAE" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[349,521,1326,1350]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that it also occurs in the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13D5C2061CEFAD4FB9EFAAE" box="[987,1051,1326,1350]" name="China" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D13D5C2062B5FAAAFF72FA80" box="[160,247,1360,1384]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13D5C206365FAAAFE51FA80" box="[368,468,1360,1384]" name="Australia" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but did not give specific records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2063BBFA58FC10FA53" blockId="81.[430,917,1442,1571]" box="[430,917,1442,1467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C206011FA58FC10FA53" authority="Hincks, 1879" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1879" box="[516,917,1442,1467]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206011FA58FD73FA53" bold="true" box="[516,758,1442,1467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">MICROPORELLIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C206115FA58FC10FA53" author="Hincks T" box="[768,917,1442,1467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="153 - 164" refId="ref62595" refString="Hincks T. 1879. On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Series 5. 3: 153 - 164." type="journal article" year="1879">Hincks, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2063DBFA3FFCD0FA36" blockId="81.[430,917,1442,1571]" box="[462,853,1477,1502]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C206034FA3FFCD0FA36" authority="Jullien, 1888" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" box="[545,853,1477,1502]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C206034FA3FFD3CFA36" bold="true" box="[545,697,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Fenestrulina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C2060D7FA3FFCD0FA36" author="Jullien J" box="[706,853,1477,1502]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref63152" refString="Jullien J. 1888. Bryozoaires. Miss Sci Cap Horn 1882 - 1883 Ser 6 Zool Part 3: 1 - 92, 15 pls." type="book chapter" year="1888">Jullien, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2063D9FA12FCDDF9E9" blockId="81.[430,917,1442,1571]" box="[460,856,1512,1537]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C2063D9FA12FD74F9E9" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[460,753,1512,1537]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviporus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2063D9FA12FD74F9E9" bold="true" box="[460,753,1512,1537]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" reason="3">Fenestrulina parviporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD13D5C2060EEFA12FCDDF9E9" box="[763,856,1512,1537]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C206044F9F0FD57F9CB" blockId="81.[430,917,1442,1571]" box="[593,722,1546,1571]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13D5C20604CF9F0FD4FF9CB" box="[601,714,1546,1571]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="82.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 28. Fenestrulina parviporus sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5F9C5FCA9F992" blockId="81.[160,1156,1599,1727]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C2062B5F9C5FC8AF9BF" authority=": Ryland and Hayward 1992, p. 280" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityPageNumber="280" authorityYear="1992" box="[160,783,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062B5F9C5FEFBF9BF" box="[160,382,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Fenestrulina caseola</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C206399F9C5FD3DF9BF" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[396,696,1599,1623]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 280
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 26(d).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C20619BF9C5FBACF9BF" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[910,1065,1599,1623]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 217, figs 46(f) and 47(f).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C20638AF998FDD5F992" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[415,592,1634,1658]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2235, fig. 12(d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5F97FFC38F975" blockId="81.[160,1156,1599,1727]" box="[160,957,1668,1693]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C2062BEF97FFD14F975" authority=": Scholz 1991, p. 315" authorityName="Scholz" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1991" box="[171,657,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="catasticos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062BEF97FFE26F975" box="[171,419,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Fenestrulina catasticos</emphasis>
|
||
: Scholz 1991, p. 315
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 16, fig. 6, pl. 17, fig. 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13D5C2062B5F95DFC9DF957" blockId="81.[160,1156,1599,1727]" box="[160,792,1703,1727]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D13D5C2062B5F95DFF4CF957" box="[160,201,1703,1727]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13D5C2062C7F95DFD3DF957" authority="Hayward, 1988, p. 325" authorityName="Hayward" authorityPageNumber="325" authorityYear="1988" box="[210,696,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13D5C2062C7F95DFE35F957" box="[210,432,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="222">Fenestrulina caseola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13D5C2063ADF95DFDE4F957" author="Hayward PJ" box="[440,609,1703,1727]" pageId="81" pageNumber="222" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 325
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 10d.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD13E5C2362B5FCC7FEF2FC44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" startId="82.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FCC7FEF2FC44" blockId="82.[160,1157,829,940]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2362B5FCC7FE88FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,269,829,852]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13E5C236300FCC7FE7EFCBC" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[277,507,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviporus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236300FCC7FE7EFCBC" box="[277,507,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">Fenestrulina parviporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD13E5C23601DFCC7FDD8FCBC" box="[520,605,829,852]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13E5C2362B5FC12FB01FBAF" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FC12FE98FBEA" blockId="82.[160,1156,1000,1095]" box="[160,285,1000,1026]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13E5C2362B5FC12FE98FBEA" box="[160,285,1000,1026]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2362B5FC12FE98FBEA" bold="true" box="[160,285,1000,1026]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FBF6FB01FBAF" blockId="82.[160,1156,1000,1095]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
The specific name is a noun in apposition combining the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236166FBF6FC3FFBCC" box="[883,954,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">parvus</emphasis>
|
||
(small) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C23665DFBF6FB06FBCC" box="[1096,1155,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">porus</emphasis>
|
||
(pore), referring to the proportionally small ascopore compared to the congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13E5C236603FBD5FBF8FBAF" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[1046,1149,1071,1095]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236603FBD5FBF8FBAF" box="[1046,1149,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">F. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13E5C2362B5FB8FFE29FB3C" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FB8FFE05FB67" blockId="82.[160,1156,1141,1236]" box="[160,384,1141,1167]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13E5C2362B5FB8FFE05FB67" box="[160,384,1141,1167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2362B5FB8FFE05FB67" bold="true" box="[160,384,1141,1167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FB60FE29FB3C" blockId="82.[160,1156,1141,1236]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D13E5C2362B5FB60FD7DFB5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793324" box="[160,760,1178,1202]" collectionCode="SES" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D13E5C2362B5FB60FE8CFB5A" box="[160,265,1178,1202]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1157, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D13E5C23608CFB60FD45FB5A" box="[665,704,1178,1202]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D13E5C236112FB60FCE9FB5A" box="[775,876,1178,1202]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1158 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D13E5C236622FB60FBEAFB5A" box="[1079,1135,1178,1202]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
6), bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13E5C2262B5FAF9FE02FDCC" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FAF9FEC8FAF5" blockId="82.[160,1156,1283,1516]" box="[160,333,1283,1309]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13E5C2362B5FAF9FEC8FAF5" box="[160,333,1283,1309]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2362B5FAF9FEC8FAF5" bold="true" box="[160,333,1283,1309]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5FADDFE12FA04" blockId="82.[160,1156,1283,1516]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
AzL, 0.48
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236310FADDFE97FAD7" box="[261,274,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.65 (0.571 ± 0.053); AzW, 0.34
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236078FADDFDFFFAD7" box="[621,634,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.57 (0.431 ± 0.069) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236652FADDFBD1FAD7" box="[1095,1108,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.12 (0.113 ± 0.004); OrW, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2363D6FAB0FE55FA8A" box="[451,464,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.16 (0.147 ± 0.008) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2361B5FAB0FC28FA8A" box="[928,941,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.34 (0.28 ± 0.031); OvW, 0.25
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236303FA96FEA6FA6C" box="[278,291,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.29 (0.27 ± 0.012) (n = 13, 1). Ascopore W
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D13E5C23612EFA96FCF2FA6C" box="[827,887,1388,1412]" degrees="0.026" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" precision="55" value="0.026">0.026</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D13E5C236162FA96FC45FA6C" box="[887,960,1388,1412]" degrees="0.036" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" precision="55" value="-0.036">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236162FA96FC01FA6C" box="[887,900,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.036
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.030 ± 0.003); distance orifice to ascopore, 0.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C236006FA75FDA5FA4F" box="[531,544,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.16 (0.137 ± 0.008); ratio between ascopore-to-orifice distance and ascopore width, 3.78
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C23602DFA48FDC0FA22" box="[568,581,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.58 (4.582 ± 0.449) (n = 15, 1). Largest colony observed 11 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13E5C236358FA2EFE16FA04" box="[333,403,1492,1516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2362B5F9E1FEA3F9DD" blockId="82.[160,1156,1563,1727]" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13E5C2362B5F9E1FEA3F9DD" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13E5C2362B5F9E1FEA3F9DD" bold="true" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="223" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13E5C2262B5F9C5FE02FDCC" blockId="82.[160,1156,1563,1727]" lastBlockId="83.[160,1156,142,548]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; white in colour. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13E5C2361C2F9C5FBC0F9BF" box="[983,1093,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="82.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 28. Fenestrulina parviporus sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) distinct, irregularly hexagonal, outlined by a fine incision. Frontal wall moderately convex; completely covered with infundibular pseudopores except in area surrounding ascopore; each pseudopore has a cribriform covering. Orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13E5C236163F95DFC61F957" box="[886,996,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="82.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 28. Fenestrulina parviporus sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="223">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) D-shaped, broader than long, proximal margin straight. Ascopore small, transversely elliptical, surrounded by raised rim; inner margin denticulate or smooth, usually with projection from distal side, resulting in lunate opening. Ascopore distance from orifice equal to, or slightly greater than, orifice length. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13F5C22608AFF0CFC88FEE6" box="[671,781,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="82.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 28. Fenestrulina parviporus sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) subimmersed. Ooecium with conspicuous, thick, crescent- or chevron-shaped transverse ridge on top, and surrounded by sharp, raised border; periphery inside border depressed, with minute pseudopores separated by ridges. Spines lacking. Zooids interconnect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13F5C2261DAFEA4FBBEFE9E" box="[975,1083,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="82.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 28. Fenestrulina parviporus sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) by two large, circular to oval multiporous septula in transverse wall and two extensive, elongate-oval multiporous septula in each distolateral wall. Ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13F5C2261E4FE5EFBE6FE54" box="[1009,1123,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="82.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 28. Fenestrulina parviporus sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1158 (paratype): (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) autozooids; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994867/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
(d), asterisk) smaller than but otherwise similar to subsequent zooids, budding one daughter zooid distally and another distolaterally, with spiral budding ensuing from the opposite distolateral position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13F5C2562B5FDAAFD57FE52" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13F5C2262B5FDAAFE83FD82" blockId="83.[160,1156,592,1727]" box="[160,262,592,618]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13F5C2262B5FDAAFE83FD82" box="[160,262,592,618]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2262B5FDAAFE83FD82" bold="true" box="[160,262,592,618]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13F5C2262B5FD8FFE26FBA7" blockId="83.[160,1156,592,1727]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2262B5FD8FFE26FD65" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[160,419,629,653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviporus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2262B5FD8FFE26FD65" box="[160,419,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Fenestrulina parviporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD13F5C2263BAFD8FFD8FFD65" box="[431,522,629,653]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2260F3FD8FFBFBFD65" authority="Hayward, 1988" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[742,1150,629,653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2260F3FD8FFC42FD65" box="[742,967,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Fenestrulina caseola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C2261C7FD8FFBFBFD65" author="Hayward PJ" box="[978,1150,629,653]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13F5C2263DDFD6DFDB6FD47" box="[456,563,663,687]" name="Mauritius" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Our material differs from the latter as follows. The ascopore is proportionally smaller, and is open rather than covered with anastomosing rays or a cribriform plate; there is an imperforate zone surrounding the ascopore; and the orifice is D-shaped, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C226026FD05FD1AFCFF" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[563,671,767,791]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C226026FD05FD1AFCFF" box="[563,671,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is broader relative to length, with more sharply rounded lateral margins recurving to the proximal margin. Various Pacific specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C226392FCBEFE7FFCB4" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[391,506,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C226392FCBEFE7FFCB4" box="[391,506,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">C. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in previous studies show characters like those in the Okinawa material: the ascopore is small and lunate, surrounded by an imperforate zone, and the orifice is D-shaped. The average ratio between the ascopore-to-orifice distance and ascopore width is similar in Pacific specimens: 4.44 (n = 2), Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C2262F6FC35FD9FFC0F" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[227,538,975,999]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 4.06 (n = 2), Hawaii Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C22616AFC35FBBEFC0F" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[895,1083,975,999]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 4.33 (n = 5),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13F5C226315FC08FE3EFBE2" box="[256,443,1010,1034]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C2263D9FC08FDEEFBE2" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[460,619,1010,1034]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and 4.58 (n = 15), Okinawa (this study). The ratio is 1.58 (n = 2) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2263B2FBEEFD91FBC4" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[423,532,1044,1068]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2263B2FBEEFD91FBC4" box="[423,532,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13F5C226049FBEEFD41FBC4" box="[604,708,1044,1068]" name="Mauritius" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C2260C1FBEEFCFFFBC4" author="Hayward PJ" box="[724,890,1044,1068]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reflecting the greater width of the ascopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13F5C2262D5FBA0FCD3FA24" blockId="83.[160,1156,592,1727]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">
|
||
Another similar species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2263E5FBA0FC98FB9A" authority="Gordon, 1984" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[496,797,1114,1138]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="catasticos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2263E5FBA0FDF2FB9A" box="[496,631,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. catasticos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C226094FBA0FC98FB9A" author="Gordon DP" box="[641,797,1114,1138]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from the Kermadec Islands near
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13F5C226338FB86FE40FB7C" box="[301,453,1148,1172]" name="New Zealand" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. That species has a small, lunate ascopore lying at the bottom of a concavity surrounded by a distinct, raised rim; the ooecium is less sunken and has a coarse central umbo from which thick ribs radiate; the pseudopores distal to the orifice are surrounded by a line of calcification, delineating a distinct
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C226148FB1EFCE7FB14" box="[861,866,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">‘</emphasis>
|
||
panel
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2261B4FB1EFC22FB14" box="[929,935,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">’</emphasis>
|
||
of pores; and there are three large basal pore-chambers in the distal half of each zooid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13F5C2261C9FAFDFBF3FAF7" author="Gordon DP" box="[988,1142,1287,1311]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C226312FAD0FE13FAAA" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[263,406,1322,1346]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviporus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C226312FAD0FE13FAAA" box="[263,406,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. parviporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a total of six multiporous septula in the distal half. Material from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13F5C22631DFAB6FE06FA8C" box="[264,387,1356,1380]" name="Philippines" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
that Scholz (1991) identified at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2260FCFAB6FCE8FA8C" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[745,877,1356,1380]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="catasticos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2260FCFAB6FCE8FA8C" box="[745,877,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. catasticos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C226664FAB6FE96FA6F" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviporus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C226664FAB6FE96FA6F" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. parviporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the ratio between ascopore-to-orifice distance and ascopore width is less (3.25) in the one mature zooid Scholz illustrated. Scholz did not show or describe the ovicell, which would help identify the Philippine species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13F5C2262D5FA2DFE5DF957" blockId="83.[160,1156,592,1727]" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">
|
||
Taxonomically informative characters in the better-studied confamilial genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2262B5FA00FEA2F9FA" box="[160,295,1530,1554]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2262B5FA00FEA2F9FA" box="[160,295,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Microporella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include orifice shape and the size, shape, position and covering (or lack thereof) of the ascopore, and these characters are undoubtedly also informative in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2262B5F9C5FEA1F9BF" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" box="[160,292,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2262B5F9C5FEA1F9BF" box="[160,292,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Fenestrulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On this basis, we consider material previously described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2261E7F9C5FBE5F9BF" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[1010,1120,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2261E7F9C5FBE5F9BF" box="[1010,1120,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to comprise two species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C22638BF998FD8DF992" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[414,520,1634,1658]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C22638BF998FD8DF992" box="[414,520,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, presently known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13F5C22615FF998FC37F992" box="[842,946,1634,1658]" name="Mauritius" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
but perhaps more broadly distributed in the Indian Ocean, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13F5C2260A3F97EFCC2F974" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[694,839,1668,1692]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="224" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviporus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13F5C2260A3F97EFCC2F974" box="[694,839,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="224">F. parviporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, broadly distributed in the western and central Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FF77FEA1FF4F" blockId="84.[160,1156,141,271]" box="[160,292,141,167]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1385C2562B5FF77FEA1FF4F" box="[160,292,141,167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2562B5FF77FEA1FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,292,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FF48FC3FFEE7" blockId="84.[160,1156,141,271]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
We found four colonies, all at the SES site. This species is broadly distributed in the western to central, tropical to subtropical Pacific; there are previous records (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1385C256664FF2EFF74FEE7" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="caseola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256664FF2EFF74FEE7" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">F. caseola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from the Great Barrier Reef, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1385C256067FF0DFCAEFEE7" box="[626,811,247,271]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Hawaii.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2563CDFEC3FCEEFEBA" blockId="84.[449,875,313,442]" box="[472,875,313,338]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1385C25603BFEC3FCEEFEBA" authority="Jullien, 1888" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" box="[558,875,313,338]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C25603BFEC3FD4AFEBA" bold="true" box="[558,719,313,338]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">LACERNIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1385C2560CDFEC3FCEEFEBA" author="Jullien J" box="[728,875,313,338]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref63152" refString="Jullien J. 1888. Bryozoaires. Miss Sci Cap Horn 1882 - 1883 Ser 6 Zool Part 3: 1 - 92, 15 pls." type="book chapter" year="1888">Jullien, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2563D4FEA1FCE7FE9C" blockId="84.[449,875,313,442]" box="[449,866,347,372]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1385C256001FEA1FCE7FE9C" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[532,866,347,372]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256001FEA1FD2CFE9C" bold="true" box="[532,681,347,372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Arthropoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1385C2560A6FEA1FCE7FE9C" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[691,866,347,372]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2563C0FE84FCCAFE7F" blockId="84.[449,875,313,442]" box="[469,847,382,407]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1385C2563C0FE84FD6CFE7F" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[469,745,382,407]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmelini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563C0FE84FD6CFE7F" bold="true" box="[469,745,382,407]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="3">Arthropoma harmelini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1385C2560E7FE84FCCAFE7F" box="[754,847,382,407]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C256044FE5BFD57FE52" blockId="84.[449,875,313,442]" box="[593,722,417,442]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1385C25604CFE5BFD4FFE52" box="[601,714,417,442]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1385C2562B5FE1CFD9AFD80" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FE1CFE98FDE8" blockId="84.[160,1155,486,616]" box="[160,285,486,512]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1385C2562B5FE1CFE98FDE8" box="[160,285,486,512]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2562B5FE1CFE98FDE8" bold="true" box="[160,285,486,512]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FDF0FD9AFD80" blockId="84.[160,1155,486,616]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">The specific name is a Latinised noun in the genitive case, after Dr. Jean-Georges Harmelin, in acknowledgement of his substantial contributions to bryozoology and generous assistance in this study.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1385C2562B5FD6EFDABFC49" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FD6EFE05FD46" blockId="84.[160,1156,660,929]" box="[160,384,660,686]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1385C2562B5FD6EFE05FD46" box="[160,384,660,686]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2562B5FD6EFE05FD46" bold="true" box="[160,384,660,686]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FD43FDABFC49" blockId="84.[160,1156,660,929]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1385C2562B5FD43FCADFD39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793334" box="[160,808,697,721]" collectionCode="SES" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="SES-28" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1385C2562B5FD43FE8CFD39" box="[160,265,697,721]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1159 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1385C2563D6FD43FD90FD39" box="[451,533,697,721]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">SES-28</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1385C256127FD43FB04FCFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793321" collectionCode="SES, REEF, NHMUK" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1385C256127FD43FC27FD39" box="[818,930,697,721]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1160, five dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1385C256372FD21FE0BFD1B" box="[359,398,731,755]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1161, two dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1385C256163FD21FC18FD1B" box="[886,925,731,755]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1162, three dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1385C2563BEFD04FE64FCFE" box="[427,481,766,790]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">REEF</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1385C25600BFD04FDF3FCFE" box="[542,630,766,790]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.60-71, 12 dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1385C256632FD04FBCBFCFE" box="[1063,1102,766,790]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1385C2562D5FCDBFE74FCD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793338" box="[192,497,801,825]" location="For" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD1385C2562D5FCDBFF61FCD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25:8EC8600FD1385C2562D5FCDBFF61FCD1" box="[192,228,801,825]" name="For" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">For</location>
|
||
comparison, putative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1385C2563F5FCDBFE74FCD1" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[480,497,801,825]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563F5FCDBFE74FCD1" box="[480,497,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">A</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563E7FCDBFE73FCD1" box="[498,502,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1385C2563E9FCDBFB05FCD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793319" box="[508,1152,801,825]" country="France" location="Marseille" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563E9FCDBFDB2FCD1" box="[508,567,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
from the vicinity of
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD1385C256109FCDBFC07FCD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25:8EC8600FD1385C256109FCDBFC07FCD1" box="[796,898,801,825]" country="France" name="Marseille" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Marseille</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1385C256199FCDBFC5CFCD1" box="[908,985,801,825]" name="France" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by J
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1385C256695FCDBFF31FCB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793330" country="France" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Marseille" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">. G</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1385C2562A1FCB9FDAEFC49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793313" collectingDate="1971-04-21" collectingDateMax="1971-06-11" collectingDateMin="1971-04-21" country="France" county="Frioul Island" elevation="70" location="Harmelin" municipality="Rior Island" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD1385C2562D5FCB9FEACFCB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D13C5C2D639AFA12FC4BFA25:8EC8600FD1385C2562D5FCB9FEACFCB3" box="[192,297,835,859]" country="France" county="Frioul Island" municipality="Rior Island" name="Harmelin" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Harmelin</location>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1163 (MA-1),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACAED1385C256029FCB9FD33FCB3" box="[572,694,835,859]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Rior Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1385C2560D7FCB9FD7AFCB3" box="[706,767,835,859]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="70.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003AD1E7D1385C2560D7FCB9FD7AFCB3" box="[706,767,835,859]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, on dendritic sand,
|
||
<date id="FFA91014D1385C2561F1FCB9FB05FCB3" box="[996,1152,835,859]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" value="1971-06-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEDE9FCD1385C2561F1FCB9FB05FCB3" box="[996,1152,835,859]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" value="1971-06-11">11 June 1971</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1164 (MA-2),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C94E58D1385C2560A1FC9CFCC4FC96" box="[692,833,870,894]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Frioul Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
, on dendritic sand,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1385C256635FC9CFBD9FC96" box="[1056,1116,870,894]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="65.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003AD1E7D1385C256635FC9CFBD9FC96" box="[1056,1116,870,894]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA91014D1385C25667DFC9CFE93FC49" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" value="1971-04-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEDE9FCD1385C25667DFC9CFE93FC49" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" value="1971-04-21">21 April 1971</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, bleached, on SEM stub
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1385C2762B5FC37FCCBFF21" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FC37FEC8FC0F" blockId="84.[160,1156,973,1311]" box="[160,333,973,999]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1385C2562B5FC37FEC8FC0F" box="[160,333,973,999]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2562B5FC37FEC8FC0F" bold="true" box="[160,333,973,999]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FC0BFDF0FB99" blockId="84.[160,1156,973,1311]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1385C2562B5FC0BFE81FBE1" box="[160,260,1009,1033]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
: AzL, 0.55
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256360FC0BFE07FBE1" box="[373,386,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.70 (0.629 ± 0.045); AzW, 0.37
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2560F5FC0BFD68FBE1" box="[736,749,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.54 (0.452 ± 0.048) (n = 15, 1). OrL (exclusive of sinus), 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563A5FBEEFE38FBC4" box="[432,445,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.13 (0.109 ± 0.008); OrW, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256103FBEEFCA6FBC4" box="[790,803,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.18 (0.155 ± 0.010) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256312FBCCFE91FBA6" box="[263,276,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.37 (0.322 ± 0.031); OvW, 0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C25607AFBCCFDF9FBA6" box="[623,636,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.38 (0.346 ± 0.015) (n = 15, 1). Largest colony observed roughly circular,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1385C2563C5FBA3FDA5FB99" box="[464,544,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562D5FB86FCAAFAF7" blockId="84.[160,1156,973,1311]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
For comparison, measurements from a Mediterranean specimen (vicinity of Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1385C2562B5FB65FF68FB5F" box="[160,237,1183,1207]" name="France" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
) presumed to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1385C2563D7FB65FD09FB5F" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[450,652,1183,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563D7FB65FD09FB5F" box="[450,652,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Arthropoma cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1385C25608BFB65FC8EFB5F" box="[670,779,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
): AzL, 0.66
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C25619FFB64FC12FB5E" box="[906,919,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.79 (0.715 ± 0.040); AzW, 0.42
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C25630DFB3BFEA0FB31" box="[280,293,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.55 (0.493 ± 0.043) (n = 15, 1). OrL (exclusive of sinus), 0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256652FB3BFBD1FB31" box="[1095,1108,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.16 (0.151 ± 0.008); OrW, 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563E3FB1EFD86FB14" box="[502,515,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.21 (0.191 ± 0.009) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.40
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C256652FB1EFBD1FB14" box="[1095,1108,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.47 (0.429 ± 0.025); OvW, 0.37
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2563DFFAFCFE52FAF6" box="[458,471,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.41 (0.389 ± 0.016) (n = 8, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2562B5FAB1FEA3FA8D" blockId="84.[160,1156,1355,1727]" box="[160,294,1355,1381]" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1385C2562B5FAB1FEA3FA8D" box="[160,294,1355,1381]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1385C2562B5FAB1FEA3FA8D" bold="true" box="[160,294,1355,1381]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="225" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1385C2762B5FA95FCCBFF21" blockId="84.[160,1156,1355,1727]" lastBlockId="86.[160,1156,142,201]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; light yellowish tan. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1385C256600FA95FB06FA6F" box="[1045,1155,1391,1415]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) irregularly hexagonal; distinct, delineated by a suture line. Frontal wall mildly convex, completely covered with small pseudopores, although some zooids lack pseudopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1385C25635FFA2DFE3BFA07" box="[330,446,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)) in midline proximal to orifice; one to three rows of pseudopores lateral and distal to orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1385C256098FA00FD7BF9FA" box="[653,766,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1385C2561F8FA00FBDAF9FA" box="[1005,1119,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="225">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) D-shaped, with shallow sinus in midline; sinus usually constricted at opening, circular or transversely oval in outline; row of inconspicuous denticles on proximal orificial margin to each side of sinus. Primary orifice weakly dimorphic in size; generally slightly larger (wider and/or longer) in ovicelled zooids or zooids capable of forming ovicell than in non-ovicelled zooids. Distal margin of orifice raised as a low rim, sharp or thickened. Just proximal to orifice, most zooids have a low, crescentic or chevronshaped umbo, usually with some pseudopores in area between umbo and orifice; in some cases, ends of umbo extend distolaterally to meet circum-oral rim, forming an entire peristomial rim (top central zooid in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1395C2460A8FA23FCB4FA19" box="[701,817,1497,1521]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="226">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1395C2461DFFA23FBBAFA19" box="[970,1087,1497,1521]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="226">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)) hyperstomial. Ooecium without pseudopores, except at periphery; minutely pitted on the surface; with a smooth, broad crescentic or chevron-shaped zone along proximal margin; ooecial periphery wavy at base, with regularly spaced pseudopores. Floor of developing ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1395C246398F99EFD85F994" box="[397,512,1636,1660]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="226">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) meets distal orificial margin, with no intervening pseudopores. Embryo orange in dried specimens. Spines and avicularia lacking. Zooids interconnect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13A5C2763B5FF74FD91FF4E" box="[416,532,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) by long zone of up to 20 pores in each of the transverse and distolateral walls. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1395C2462B5FB7FFC27FAA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="226" startId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1395C2462B5FB7FFC27FAA4" blockId="85.[160,1156,1157,1356]" pageId="85" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1395C2462B5FB7FFE8DFB74" bold="true" box="[160,264,1157,1180]" pageId="85" pageNumber="226">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1395C246305FB7FFE64FB74" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[272,481,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="85" pageNumber="226" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmelini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1395C246305FB7FFE64FB74" box="[272,481,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="226">Arthropoma harmelini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1395C2463FCFB7FFDBDFB74" box="[489,568,1157,1180]" pageId="85" pageNumber="226" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD13A5C2962B5FF0FFD26F9B0" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13A5C2762B5FF0FFE83FEE7" blockId="86.[160,1156,245,1727]" box="[160,262,245,271]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D13A5C2762B5FF0FFE83FEE7" box="[160,262,245,271]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2762B5FF0FFE83FEE7" bold="true" box="[160,262,245,271]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13A5C2762B5FEE0FEA8FD3A" blockId="86.[160,1156,245,1727]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Our specimens are identifiable with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C276051FEE0FC4FFEDA" authority="(Audouin 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[580,970,282,306]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C276051FEE0FC95FEDA" box="[580,784,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Arthropoma cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27610BFEE0FC47FEDA" author="Audouin JV" box="[798,962,282,306]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD13A5C2761C7FEE0FBCFFEDA" box="[978,1098,282,306]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. This nominal species has a putative global distribution from cool-temperate to tropical waters between about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D13A5C2763B8FEA5FE66FE9F" box="[429,483,351,375]" degrees="50" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" precision="55555" value="50.0">50°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D13A5C276035FEA5FDD0FE9F" box="[544,597,351,375]" degrees="40" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" precision="55555" value="-40.0">40°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, with records from depths ranging from around
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13A5C2762B5FE78FF5FFE72" box="[160,218,386,410]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2762FCFE78FE05FE72" author="Harmer SF" box="[233,384,386,410]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to as great as
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13A5C276023FE78FD09FE72" box="[566,652,386,410]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="1235.0">1235 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27608EFE78FC26FE72" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[667,931,386,410]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are records from the Mediterranean, Britain,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C276025FE5FFDF5FE55" box="[560,624,421,445]" name="Brazil" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Galapagos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C276155FE5FFC3EFE55" box="[832,955,421,445]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Pacific), central California, British Columbia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C2763E5FE3DFDB3FE37" box="[496,566,455,479]" name="Japan" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C276063FE3DFD72FE37" box="[630,759,455,479]" name="Philippines" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C276122FE3DFCFDFE37" box="[823,888,455,479]" name="China" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, the Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C2762F2FE10FE02FDEA" box="[231,391,490,514]" name="New Zealand" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Indian Ocean and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C2760ADFE10FCC9FDEA" box="[696,844,490,514]" name="South Africa" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C276174FE10FBFBFDEA" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[865,1150,490,514]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2762B5FDF7FEBDFDCD" author="Osburn RC" box="[160,312,525,549]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref64248" refString="Osburn RC. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part 2, Cheilostomata-Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pac Exped. 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27635FFDF7FE66FDCD" author="Harmer SF" box="[330,483,525,549]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2763E0FDF7FD15FDCD" author="Gordon DP" box="[501,656,525,549]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2760BCFDF7FCCFFDCD" author="Harmer SF" box="[681,842,525,549]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1003) noted,
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C27660AFDF6FB01FDCD" box="[1055,1156,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C276630FDF7FB01FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1061,1156,525,549]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">A. cecilii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is so easily recognized that most of the records are probably correct
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2761DCFDD5FC4AFDAF" box="[969,975,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">’</emphasis>
|
||
. Unfortunately, this perception has resulted in many authors simply reporting this species without description or illustration; there are several such records from Pleistocene and Recent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C2762B5FD6DFF66FD47" box="[160,227,663,687]" name="Japan" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2762E7FD6DFE05FD47" author="Okada Y" box="[242,384,663,687]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="214 - 234" refId="ref64065" refString="Okada Y. 1923. On a collection of Bryozoa from the Straits of Corea. Annot Zool Japon. 10: 214 - 234." type="journal article" year="1923">Okada 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27639AFD6DFDB2FD47" author="Sakakura K" box="[399,567,663,687]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref64903" refString="Sakakura K. 1935. Pliocene and Pleistocene Bryozoa from the Boso Peninsula. (1). J Fac Sci Imp Univ Tokyo Sec II. 4: 1 - 48, Plates 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1935">Sakakura 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C276052FD6DFDFAFD47" author="Sakakura K" box="[583,639,663,687]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="95 - 100" refId="ref64941" refString="Sakakura K. 1938. Bryozoaires pleistocenes auix environs de Tako-mati, Prefecture de Tiba. T Palaeontol Soc Jpn. 45: 95 - 100. French." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27609AFD6DFC46FD47" author="Okada Y & Mawatari S" box="[655,963,663,687]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="53 - 73" refId="ref64091" refString="Okada Y, Mawatari S. 1936. Bryozoan fauna collected by the " Misago " during the zoological survey around Izu Peninsula (II). Sci Rep Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku Sec B. 49: 53 - 73, Plates 9, 10." type="journal article" year="1936">Okada and Mawatari 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2761C7FD6DFB8FFD47" author="Okada Y & Mawatari S" box="[978,1034,663,687]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="445 - 463" refId="ref64137" refString="Okada Y, Mawatari S. 1938. On the collection of Bryozoa along the coast of Wakayama-Ken, the middle part of Honshu, Japan. Annot Zool Japon. 17: 445 - 463." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27660FFD6DFF5DFD3A" author="Mawatari S" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="261 - 288" refId="ref63802" refString="Mawatari S. 1952. Bryozoa of Kii Peninsula. Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab. 2: 261 - 288." type="journal article" year="1952">Mawatari 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2762FDFD40FEA5FD3A" author="Mawatari S" box="[232,288,698,722]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref63824" refString="Mawatari S. 1963. Bryozoa of the eastern shore of Noto Peninsula. Annu Rep Noto Mar Lab Fac Sci Univ Kanazawa. 3: 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13A5C2762D5FD26FD2DFBC4" blockId="86.[160,1156,245,1727]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">
|
||
One explanation for this apparently global distribution is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C2761BBFD26FB8FFD1C" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[942,1034,732,756]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2761BBFD26FB8FFD1C" box="[942,1034,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been widely spread on ship hulls over the past several centuries. An alternative explanation is that nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C27634DFCD8FE37FCD2" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[344,434,802,826]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C27634DFCD8FE37FCD2" box="[344,434,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually represents a broadly distributed complex of morphologically similar species. In fact, slight morphological differences exist among geographically separate populations, indicative of population isolation and genetic divergence; these differences have to do with the sculpturing on the ooecium, extent of a frontal area proximal to the orifice that lacks pseudopores, depth and shape of the orificial sinus, presence or absence of a median suboral umbo, presence or absence of one or more rows of pseudopores between the orifice and ovicell floor (evident in zooids with incompletely formed ovicells), and zooid size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13A5C2762D5FBCDFCD2FA6F" blockId="86.[160,1156,245,1727]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C2762D5FBCDFDC4FBA7" authority="(Audouin 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[192,577,1079,1103]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2762D5FBCDFE0DFBA7" box="[192,392,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Arthropoma cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27638DFBCDFDBFFBA7" author="Audouin JV" box="[408,570,1079,1103]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13A5C2761B1FBCDFC62FBA7" box="[932,999,1079,1103]" name="Egypt" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D13A5C276644FBCDFB06FBA7" box="[1105,1155,1079,1103]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is unknown. Two of Savigny
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C276054FBA0FDC2FB9A" box="[577,583,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">’</emphasis>
|
||
s plates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2760BAFBA0FCD7FB9A" author="Audouin JV" box="[687,850,1114,1138]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) show what appear to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C2762B5FB86FEA1FB7C" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[160,292,1148,1172]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2762B5FB86FEA1FB7C" box="[160,292,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Arthropoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C2763A2FB86FDECFB7C" author="Audouin JV" box="[439,617,1148,1172]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin (1826)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated one of these (Savigny Plate 8) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C2762B5FB65FF6CFB5F" box="[160,233,1183,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2762B5FB65FF6CFB5F" box="[160,233,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Flustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C27631DFB65FEC6FB5F" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[264,323,1183,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C27631DFB65FEC6FB5F" box="[264,323,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other (Savigny Plate 10) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C2760FAFB65FC12FB5F" box="[751,919,1183,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latreillei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C2760FAFB65FC12FB5F" box="[751,919,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Flustra latreillei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter probably came from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D13A5C276346FB38FE2BFB32" box="[339,430,1218,1242]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
(J.-G. Harmelin personal communication), as Savigny
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C27661BFB38FB96FB32" box="[1038,1043,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">’</emphasis>
|
||
s Plate 10 shows the bryozoan colony encrusting a branch of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C27611DFB1FFCEEFB15" box="[776,875,1253,1277]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Porinidae" genus="Acropora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C27611DFB1FFCEEFB15" box="[776,875,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Acropora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coral. Although d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C276622FB1EFBB9FB14" box="[1079,1084,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">’</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C276629FB1FFF63FAF7" author="Hondt J-L" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref61217" refString="d ' Hondt J-L. 2006. Bryozoaires. Nouvelle explications des planches de Polypes de la Description de l ' Egypte (dessinees sous la direction de Jules-Cesar Savigny, et commentees sommairement a l ' origine par Victor Audouin). Coll Nouv Descr l ' Egypte. 2: 1 - 86. French." type="journal article" year="2006">Hondt (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered both plates to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C276080FAFDFCD8FAF7" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[661,861,1287,1311]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C276080FAFDFCD8FAF7" box="[661,861,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Arthropoma cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is possible they represent different species, especially if one specimen came from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D13A5C276196FAD0FC58FAAA" box="[899,989,1322,1346]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the other from the Mediterranean, because there was no connection between the Mediterranean and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D13A5C2762C6FA95FEABFA6F" box="[211,302,1391,1415]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
prior to the opening of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D13A5C276062FA95FD29FA6F" box="[631,684,1391,1415]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">Suez</collectingRegion>
|
||
Canal in 1869.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13A5C2762D5FA68FED0F957" blockId="86.[160,1156,245,1727]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">
|
||
British
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C276305FA68FEEEFA42" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[272,363,1426,1450]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C276305FA68FEEEFA42" box="[272,363,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C27601EFA68FCCEFA42" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[523,843,1426,1450]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" refId="ref62559" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, part 2, Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea. 2 nd ed. London: Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association." type="book" year="1999">Hayward and Ryland (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has larger zooids (average ZL about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13A5C27630BFA4FFE09FA25" box="[286,396,1461,1485]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
; average ZW about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13A5C276085FA4FFD78FA25" box="[656,765,1461,1485]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13A5C276142FA4FFC61FA25" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[855,996,1461,1485]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmelini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13A5C276142FA4FFC61FA25" box="[855,996,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="227">A. harmelini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(comparable values,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13A5C2762EEFA2DFEE0FA07" box="[251,357,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13A5C2763BEFA2DFD92FA07" box="[427,535,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively) and further differs from the latter in having a deeper, narrower, U-shaped orificial sinus and a small, mammillate umbo in the midline some distance proximal to the orifice. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13A5C276103F9E7FBD4F9DD" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[790,1105,1565,1589]" pageId="86" pageNumber="227" refId="ref62559" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, part 2, Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea. 2 nd ed. London: Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association." type="book" year="1999">Hayward and Ryland (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 94(a)), zooids appear to have a narrow zone, extending along about two-thirds of the midline proximal to the orifice, that lacks pseudopores. There is no indication whether a zone of pseudopores separates the floor of the ovicell from the distal orificial margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13B5C2662D5FF74FC69FDE9" blockId="87.[160,1156,142,790]" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">
|
||
In Mediterranean specimens from near Marseille (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C2660EEFF74FCE3FF4E" box="[763,870,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
), which may or may not be conspecific with British
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C2663F1FF4BFDC4FF21" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[484,577,177,201]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C2663F1FF4BFDC4FF21" box="[484,577,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations, zooids are about the same size as indicated for British material but larger than in our specimens (see Measurements above). There is a distinct area, proximal to the orifice, that lacks pseudopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C2662BDFEE3FE92FED9" box="[168,279,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, d)), extending about two-thirds the distance to the proximal end of the zooid; the proximal orificial sinus is U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C2660B8FEC6FC9FFEBC" box="[685,794,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) and longer than broad, with a constricted opening; some zooids show a very slight umbo (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C266148FEA4FC4DFE9E" box="[861,968,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) just proximal to the orificial sinus; and one or two rows of frontal pseudopores are evident between the distal margin of the orifice and the floor of the ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C266173FE5EFC53FE54" box="[870,982,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, c, d)). Some ooecia in the Marseille population show a distorted lateral expansion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C2661C3FE3CFBC0FE36" box="[982,1093,454,478]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[177,1138,846,1502]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figure 30. Presumed Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin) from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)), a trait also occasionally observed in the Okinawan specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D13B5C266142FE13FC40FDE9" box="[855,965,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="85.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994869/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13B5C2962D5FDF6FDAAFD39" blockId="87.[160,1156,142,790]" lastBlockId="88.[160,1157,142,1171]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">
|
||
There appear to be several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C26602FFDF6FD44FDCC" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[570,705,524,548]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C26602FFDF6FD44FDCC" box="[570,705,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Arthropoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D13B5C266170FDF6FC2EFDCC" box="[869,939,524,548]" name="Japan" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D13B5C2661D4FDF6FB01FDCC" author="Ortmann A" box="[961,1156,524,548]" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref64205" refString="Ortmann A. 1890. Die Japanische Bryozoenfauna. Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. L. Doderlein im Jahre 1880 - 81 gemachten Sammlungen. Arch Naturgesch. 54: 1 - 74, Plates 1 - 4. German." type="journal article" year="1890">Ortmann (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C266345FDD4FDB5FDAE" box="[336,560,558,582]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C266345FDD4FDB5FDAE" box="[336,560,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Schizoporella cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) a new variety (now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C266158FDD4FBF9FDAE" box="[845,1148,558,582]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="cecilii" variety="mediolaevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C266158FDD4FC35FDAE" box="[845,944,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C2661ECFDD4FBF9FDAE" box="[1017,1148,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">mediolaevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from 40 fathoms (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D13B5C26636BFDABFE45FD81" box="[382,448,593,617]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</quantity>
|
||
) depth in Sagami Bay, on the basis of its having on the frontal wall a more extensive median area lacking pseudopores than in the typical form; presumably Ortmann had seen Atlantic or Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C2661A7FD6CFB96FD46" box="[946,1043,662,686]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C2661A7FD6CFB96FD46" box="[946,1043,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this character struck him as different. Hirose
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C266065FD43FDF3FD39" box="[624,630,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (2010, pl. 189A, B) SEM images of a Sagami Bay specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C2663CBFD21FDBFFD1B" box="[478,570,731,755]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C2663CBFD21FDBFFD1B" box="[478,570,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show an extensive area lacking pseudopores, and small, paired tubercles lateral to the orifice; zooids are large (average ZL × ZW, 0.73 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1345C2962E3FF74FEDBFF4E" box="[246,350,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and appear to lack a frontal umbo. Zooids in two other panels in the same plate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296379FF4BFE78FF21" author="Hirose M" box="[364,509,177,201]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref62828" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with notes on bryozoan diversity and faunal changes over the past 130 years [PhD dissertation]. Sapporo: Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University; 177 p, 18 tables, 261 plates." type="book" year="2010">Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 189C, D) have a shorter, rounder suboral sinus, raising the question whether they are from the same colony as the first two panels.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2962B5FF0CFEB4FEE6" author="Hirose M" box="[160,305,246,270]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref62828" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with notes on bryozoan diversity and faunal changes over the past 130 years [PhD dissertation]. Sapporo: Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University; 177 p, 18 tables, 261 plates." type="book" year="2010">Hirose (2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 190) also illustrates from Sagami Bay another two colonies identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2962DBFEE3FEDEFED9" box="[206,347,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C2962C1FEE3FEDEFED9" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[212,347,281,305]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Arthropoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1345C296365FEE3FE39FED9" box="[368,444,281,305]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2963AEFEE3FE44FED9" box="[443,449,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">’</emphasis>
|
||
that have much smaller zooids (average ZL × ZW, 0.43 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1345C2962EFFEC6FEE3FEBC" box="[250,358,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
). It is not clear that these two colonies are conspecific with one another. The specimen in his pl. 190A, B has relatively few, large, densely packed pseudopores; a distinctly U-shaped sinus; and one row of large pseudopores between the orifice and the floor of the ovicell. The other (his pl. 190 C) has a shallower sinus and a large frontal area that lacks pseudopores.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2961DFFE3CFED1FDE9" author="Grischenko AV & Mawatari SF" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="187 - 201" refId="ref62117" refString="Grischenko AV, Mawatari SF. 2006. On the bryozoan diversity of Sagami Bay. Mem Natl Sci Mus Tokyo. 40: 187 - 201." type="journal article" year="2006">Grischenko and Mawatari (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1(g)); illustrate a subtidal Sagami Bay specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C29667BFE13FF58FDCC" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C29667BFE13FF58FDCC" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which zooids have a narrow non-pseudoporous zone occupying only half the frontal length proximal to the orificial sinus, which is oval or teardrop-shaped. This species, with an extensive zone of pores evident between the distal orificial margin and the ovicell floor, is clearly different from that in Hirose
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2961BBFD89FC31FD63" box="[942,948,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (2010, pl. 189A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C296663FD89FB06FD63" box="[1142,1155,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">–</emphasis>
|
||
B) specimen in which the floor of the ovicell arises directly from the orificial margin, with no intervening pseudopores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD13B5C2662B5FA07FBD8F92C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994871/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" startId="87.[160,225,1533,1556]" targetBox="[177,1137,846,1502]" targetPageId="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D13B5C2662B5FA07FBD8F92C" blockId="87.[160,1157,1533,1732]" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C2662B5FA07FE89F9FC" bold="true" box="[160,268,1533,1556]" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Presumed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D13B5C266397FA07FD27F9FC" authority="(Audouin)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[386,674,1533,1556]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="228" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D13B5C266397FA07FDB0F9FC" box="[386,565,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="228">Arthropoma cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
(Audouin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mediterranean (vicinity of Marseille, France) collected by J.G. Harmelin; NSMT-Te 1163 (a, c), NSMT-Te 1164 (b, d): (a) zooids with forming or fully formed ooecia, one of which has a lateral extension; note row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (b) orifice; (c) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections; (d) ovicelled autozooids; note two rows of pseudopores between orifice and floor of incompletely formed ooecium, and lateral extensions on ovicells at lower right. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2962D5FD21FEA2FB7B" blockId="88.[160,1157,142,1171]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
In summary, SEM images in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296035FD21FD39FD1B" author="Hirose M" box="[544,700,731,755]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref62828" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with notes on bryozoan diversity and faunal changes over the past 130 years [PhD dissertation]. Sapporo: Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University; 177 p, 18 tables, 261 plates." type="book" year="2010">Hirose (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296116FD21FB01FD1B" author="Grischenko AV & Mawatari SF" box="[771,1156,731,755]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="187 - 201" refId="ref62117" refString="Grischenko AV, Mawatari SF. 2006. On the bryozoan diversity of Sagami Bay. Mem Natl Sci Mus Tokyo. 40: 187 - 201." type="journal article" year="2006">Grischenko and Mawatari (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate at least three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C29600BFD04FCD5FCFE" authority="in Sagami Bay" authorityName="in Sagami Bay" box="[542,848,766,790]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C29600BFD04FD27FCFE" box="[542,674,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Arthropoma</emphasis>
|
||
in Sagami Bay
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is unclear which, if any, represents Ortmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C296397FCDBFE02FCD1" box="[386,391,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1890)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C2963FDFCDBFD7FFCD1" box="[488,762,801,825]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="cecilii" variety="mediolaevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2963FDFCDBFDC5FCD1" box="[488,576,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">A. cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C29606DFCDBFD7FFCD1" box="[632,762,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">mediolaevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2960EFFCDBFC7DFCD1" box="[762,1016,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C296110FCDBFC7DFCD1" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[773,1016,801,825]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmelini">Arthropoma harmelini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from two of these species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296385FCB9FD69FCB3" author="Grischenko AV & Mawatari SF" box="[400,748,835,859]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="187 - 201" refId="ref62117" refString="Grischenko AV, Mawatari SF. 2006. On the bryozoan diversity of Sagami Bay. Mem Natl Sci Mus Tokyo. 40: 187 - 201." type="journal article" year="2006">Grischenko and Mawatari 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1(g);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C29614CFCB9FC5BFCB3" author="Hirose M" box="[857,990,835,859]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref62828" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with notes on bryozoan diversity and faunal changes over the past 130 years [PhD dissertation]. Sapporo: Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University; 177 p, 18 tables, 261 plates." type="book" year="2010">Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 190A, B) in lacking pseudopores between the orificial margin and floor of the developing ovicell; from the third (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296347FC73FE5EFC49" author="Hirose M" box="[338,475,905,929]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref62828" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with notes on bryozoan diversity and faunal changes over the past 130 years [PhD dissertation]. Sapporo: Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University; 177 p, 18 tables, 261 plates." type="book" year="2010">Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 189A, B) in sinus shape; and from all three in having a crescentic suboral umbo that sometimes contributes to a continuous peristomial rim. Our specimens might be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C29606AFC34FCC3FC0E" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[639,838,974,998]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cecilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C29606AFC34FCC3FC0E" box="[639,838,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Arthropoma cecilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2961C9FC34FB01FC0E" author="Kataoka J" box="[988,1156,974,998]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="214 - 272" refId="ref63249" refString="Kataoka J. 1961. Bryozoa Fauna from the " Ryuku Limestone " of Kikai-jima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Tohoku Univ Sci Rep Ser 2 (Geol). 32: 214 - 272, Plates 25 - 37." type="journal article" year="1961">Kataoka (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Pleistocene of Kikai Island, roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1345C2960B5FC0BFD70FBE1" box="[672,757,1009,1033]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
|
||
north-east of our study site. While Kataoka did not provide a description, a low-magnification photomicrograph appears to show a short, broad sinus and a median frontal zone lacking pseudopores; zooid measurements are similar to those in our material (by chance, the mean zooid length is identical).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2962B5FB2EFEA1FB06" blockId="88.[160,1155,1236,1331]" box="[160,292,1236,1262]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1345C2962B5FB2EFEA1FB06" box="[160,292,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2962B5FB2EFEA1FB06" bold="true" box="[160,292,1236,1262]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2962B5FB03FD23FADB" blockId="88.[160,1155,1236,1331]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C2962B5FB03FE1CFAF9" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[160,409,1273,1297]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lacernidae" genus="Arthropoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmelini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2962B5FB03FE1CFAF9" box="[160,409,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Arthropoma harmelini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was abundant at the SES site and common at the REEF site (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C695036FD1345C2962B2FAE1FF7EFADB" box="[167,251,1307,1331]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Relative abundance, local occurrence and status in Japan for rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoan species detected in west-central Okinawa, Japan." pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
); these are the only known localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2963AAFAA7FC01FA9E" blockId="88.[438,900,1373,1502]" box="[447,900,1373,1398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C296000FAA7FC01FA9E" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[533,900,1373,1398]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C296000FAA7FD57FA9E" bold="true" box="[533,722,1373,1398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">ESCHARINIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2960C9FAA7FC01FA9E" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[732,900,1373,1398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2963A9FA7AFCE3FA71" blockId="88.[438,900,1373,1502]" box="[444,870,1408,1433]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C296005FA7AFCE3FA71" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[528,870,1408,1433]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C296005FA7AFD30FA71" bold="true" box="[528,693,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Bryopesanser</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2960ABFA7AFCE3FA71" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[702,870,1408,1433]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2963A3FA59FCE9FA54" blockId="88.[438,900,1373,1502]" box="[438,876,1443,1468]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C2963A3FA59FCE9FA54" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[438,876,1443,1468]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2963A3FA59FD3EFA54" bold="true" box="[438,699,1443,1468]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" reason="3">Bryopesanser latesco</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2960D1FA59FCE9FA54" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[708,876,1443,1468]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C296044FA3FFD57FA36" blockId="88.[438,900,1373,1502]" box="[593,722,1477,1502]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1345C29604CFA3FFD4FFA36" box="[601,714,1477,1502]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2962B5FA00FB84F9DD" blockId="88.[160,1156,1530,1624]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C2962B5FA00FDEBF9FA" authority="Tilbrook, 2006, p. 255" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,622,1530,1554]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2962B5FA00FEF9F9FA" box="[160,380,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Bryopesanser latesco</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296397FA00FD99F9FA" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[386,540,1530,1554]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 255
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pls. 55D, 56A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C296111FA00FC94F9FA" box="[772,785,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">–</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296139FA00FC47F9FA" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[812,962,1530,1554]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref65839" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2012. Review of the bryozoan genus Bryopesanser Tilbrook, 2006 (Escharinidae: Cheilostomata) with the description of 11 new species. Zootaxa. 3165: 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="2012">Tilbrook 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 46, figs 11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C296643FA00FBE6F9FA" box="[1110,1123,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1345C2962B5F9E7FC06F9DD" authority="Dick, Tilbrook, and Mawatari, 2006, p. 2233" authorityName="Dick, Tilbrook, and Mawatari" authorityPageNumber="2233" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,899,1565,1589]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2962B5F9E7FE09F9DD" box="[160,396,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">Bryopesanser serratus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C296380F9E7FC9BF9DD" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[405,798,1565,1589]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick, Tilbrook, and Mawatari, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2233
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 5(d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1345C2961CBF9E7FC6EF9DD" box="[990,1003,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">–</emphasis>
|
||
f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1345C2962B5F9BAFD26F9B0" blockId="88.[160,1156,1530,1624]" box="[160,675,1600,1624]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229">
|
||
For additional synonyms, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1345C2963E1F9BAFD25F9B0" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[500,672,1600,1624]" pageId="88" pageNumber="229" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref65839" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2012. Review of the bryozoan genus Bryopesanser Tilbrook, 2006 (Escharinidae: Cheilostomata) with the description of 11 new species. Zootaxa. 3165: 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="2012">Tilbrook (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1355C2862B5FCC7FE22FC0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" startId="89.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2862B5FCC7FE22FC0F" blockId="89.[160,1156,829,999]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2862B5FCC7FE83FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,262,829,852]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Figure 31.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C28631AFCC7FDABFCBC" authority="Tilbrook" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[271,558,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C28631AFCC7FE50FCBC" box="[271,469,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Bryopesanser latesco</emphasis>
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2861D5FC49FC48FC22" box="[960,973,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1355C2862B5FBEAFCAEFB30" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2862B5FBEAFE05FBC2" blockId="89.[160,1156,1040,1240]" box="[160,384,1040,1066]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1355C2862B5FBEAFE05FBC2" box="[160,384,1040,1066]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2862B5FBEAFE05FBC2" bold="true" box="[160,384,1040,1066]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2862B5FBCFFCAEFB30" blockId="89.[160,1156,1040,1240]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1054 (MIN-Thal1), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C28610EFBCFFBA3FBA5" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[795,1062,1077,1101]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="stapifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C28610EFBCFFBA3FBA5" box="[795,1062,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Thalamoporella stapifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT- Te 1100 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1355C28631CFBA2FEC6FB98" box="[265,323,1112,1136]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
13), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C2860A8FBA2FC3AFB98" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[701,959,1112,1136]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2860A8FBA2FC3AFB98" box="[701,959,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Crepidacantha poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C2861E9FBA2FF62FB7A" authorityName=": Scholz" authorityYear="1991" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2861E9FBA2FF62FB7A" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Parasmittina serrula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT-Te 1103 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1355C2863BAFB80FE6CFB7A" box="[431,489,1146,1170]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
12), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C286170FB80FBF3FB7A" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[869,1142,1146,1170]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C286170FB80FBF3FB7A" box="[869,1142,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT-Te 1165, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1355C286016FB67FDB5FB5D" box="[515,560,1181,1205]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C2860B6FB67FC09FB5D" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[675,908,1181,1205]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2860B6FB67FC09FB5D" box="[675,908,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Cribralaria curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT-Te 1167 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1355C286658FB67FB06FB5D" box="[1101,1155,1181,1205]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
19), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1355C28600FFB3AFC9BFB30" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[538,798,1216,1240]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C28600FFB3AFC9BFB30" box="[538,798,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1355C2B62B5FAFEFC65FE54" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2862B5FAFEFEC8FAF6" blockId="89.[160,1156,1284,1414]" box="[160,333,1284,1310]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1355C2862B5FAFEFEC8FAF6" box="[160,333,1284,1310]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2862B5FAFEFEC8FAF6" bold="true" box="[160,333,1284,1310]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2862B5FAD3FCB8FA6E" blockId="89.[160,1156,1284,1414]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
AzL, 0.52
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C286310FAD2FE97FAA8" box="[261,274,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.64 (0.579 ± 0.041); AzW, 0.30
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C286078FAD2FDFFFAA8" box="[621,634,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.46 (0.376 ± 0.063) (n = 10, 1). OrL, 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C286652FAD2FBD1FAA8" box="[1095,1108,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 (0.083 ± 0.005); OrW (excluding sinus), 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C286097FAB1FD0AFA8B" box="[642,655,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.11 (0.105 ± 0.007) (n = 7, 1). OvL, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C286652FAB1FBD1FA8B" box="[1095,1108,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.21 (0.141 ± 0.030); OvW, 0.16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2863DFFA94FE52FA6E" box="[458,471,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.24 (0.204 ± 0.024) (n = 15, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2862B5FA49FEA3FA25" blockId="89.[160,1156,1459,1727]" box="[160,294,1459,1485]" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1355C2862B5FA49FEA3FA25" box="[160,294,1459,1485]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1355C2862B5FA49FEA3FA25" bold="true" box="[160,294,1459,1485]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1355C2B62B5FA2DFC65FE54" blockId="89.[160,1156,1459,1727]" lastBlockId="90.[160,1156,142,444]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet that is typically small; one of those illustrated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1355C286332FA00FE12F9FA" box="[295,407,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) measures 3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1355C286069FA00FD5FF9FA" box="[636,730,1530,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with 32 zooids, 19 of which have ovicells. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1355C286372F9E7FE50F9DD" box="[359,469,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) distinct, delineated by a groove. Frontal wall convex, finely tuberculate, covered with minute pseudopores. Orifice (exclusive of sinus) D-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1355C286331F998FE13F992" box="[292,406,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="230">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); proximal sinus deep, usually constricted at opening and flaring proximally. Condyles sloping proximomedially; each condyle is serrate on frontal face; proximal margin of orifice to each side of sinus is similarly serrate. Marginal zooids have seven coarse spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1365C2B608BFF74FC8EFF4E" box="[670,779,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) laterally and distally around orifice; three pairs are evident lateral to orifice in ovicelled zooids. Orifice in nonovicelled zooids is not deeply immersed. Proximal to orifice is a raised, flared peristomial collar, with the frontodistal surface smooth; outer edge of collar usually sharp, sometimes with median projection. Avicularia small; single or paired lateral to orifice; rostrum truncate, directed distomedially; cross-bar complete. Mandible not observed. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1365C2B6397FEA4FE70FE9E" box="[386,501,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)) terminal. Ooecium broader than long, without pseudopores; surface weakly rugose or tuberculate, often with low transverse ridge that sometimes bears a small median umbo. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1365C2B62B5FE06FE99FA75" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FE06FE83FDFE" blockId="90.[160,1156,508,846]" box="[160,262,508,534]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1365C2B62B5FE06FE83FDFE" box="[160,262,508,534]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62B5FE06FE83FDFE" bold="true" box="[160,262,508,534]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FDDBFEC7FCA6" blockId="90.[160,1156,508,846]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B62B5FDDBFEB7FDD1" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,306,545,569]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62B5FDDBFEB7FDD1" box="[160,306,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Bryopesanser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically a rather uniform genus, with 16 Recent species known at present from tropical and subtropical areas. Colonies are typically small; those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B667AFDB9FF6BFD96" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B667AFDB9FF6BFD96" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">B. latesco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can reach up to roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1365C2B6037FD9CFDD9FD96" box="[546,604,614,638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
across, while most other species have smaller maximum size. The most conspicuous character for identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B61D9FD73FBB2FD49" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[972,1079,649,673]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B61D9FD73FBB2FD49" box="[972,1079,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">B. latesco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the broadly flared peristomial rim that delineates an extensive smooth area proximal to the orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1365C2B6331FD34FE17FD0E" box="[292,402,718,742]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, c)). Another character is having a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B612FFD34FCC5FD0E" box="[826,832,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">‘</emphasis>
|
||
drop-shaped
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B61C7FD34FC5DFD0E" box="[978,984,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">’</emphasis>
|
||
oral sinus that is broader than long (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B63BEFD0BFDCAFCE1" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[427,591,753,777]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref65839" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2012. Review of the bryozoan genus Bryopesanser Tilbrook, 2006 (Escharinidae: Cheilostomata) with the description of 11 new species. Zootaxa. 3165: 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="2012">Tilbrook 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); while this is the case in some zooids in our specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1365C2B6325FCE9FE26FCC3" box="[304,419,787,811]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)), other zooids have the sinus clearly longer than broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1365C2B62BDFCCCFE93FCA6" box="[168,278,822,846]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="89.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994873/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FC75FEA1FC41" blockId="90.[160,1156,911,1075]" box="[160,292,911,937]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1365C2B62B5FC75FEA1FC41" box="[160,292,911,937]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62B5FC75FEA1FC41" bold="true" box="[160,292,911,937]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FC49FCCBFBDB" blockId="90.[160,1156,911,1075]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
We found two colonies at SES and 10 at MIN. This is a widely distributed Indo-Pacific species, documented from the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Great Barrier Reef, Southeast Asia, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1365C2B6392FC03FD80FBF9" box="[391,517,1017,1041]" name="Philippines" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1365C2B6007FC03FDE1FBF9" box="[530,612,1017,1041]" name="Taiwan" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Melanesia and Hawaii; there is also a disjunct record from the Caribbean coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1365C2B602EFBE1FD10FBDB" box="[571,661,1051,1075]" name="Panama" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B60B1FBE1FCC4FBDB" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[676,833,1051,1075]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref65839" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2012. Review of the bryozoan genus Bryopesanser Tilbrook, 2006 (Escharinidae: Cheilostomata) with the description of 11 new species. Zootaxa. 3165: 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="2012">Tilbrook 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B635DFBA7FC1EFB71" blockId="90.[298,1019,1117,1281]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B63C8FBA7FC7EFB9E" authority="Canu and Bassler, 1927" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityYear="1927" box="[477,1019,1117,1142]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Mamilloporoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B63C8FBA7FD58FB9E" bold="true" box="[477,733,1117,1142]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">MAMILLOPOROIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B60F3FBA7FC7EFB9E" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[742,1019,1117,1142]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref60863" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1927. Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proc US Natl Mus. 69: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu and Bassler, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B63CBFB7AFC1EFB71" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[478,923,1152,1177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B63CBFB7AFD67FB71" bold="true" box="[478,738,1152,1177]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">CREPIDACANTHIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B60FEFB7AFC1EFB71" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[747,923,1152,1177]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B63A4FB59FCF4FB54" blockId="90.[298,1019,1117,1281]" box="[433,881,1187,1212]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B6010FB59FCF4FB54" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[517,881,1187,1212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B6010FB59FD3CFB54" bold="true" box="[517,697,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Crepidacantha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B60D7FB59FCF4FB54" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[706,881,1187,1212]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B633FFB3FFC7CFB36" blockId="90.[298,1019,1117,1281]" box="[298,1017,1221,1246]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B633FFB3FFCF3FB36" authority="Canu and Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[298,886,1221,1246]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B633FFB3FFDDDFB36" bold="true" box="[298,600,1221,1246]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="3">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B6074FB3FFCF3FB36" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[609,886,1221,1246]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref60888" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1928. Fossil and recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proc US Natl Mus. 72: 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu and Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1365C2B6195FB3FFC7CFB36" box="[896,1017,1221,1246]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B6026FB12FD75FAE9" blockId="90.[298,1019,1117,1281]" box="[563,752,1256,1281]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1365C2B602EFB12FD2BFAE9" box="[571,686,1256,1281]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FAE7FC81FAB0" blockId="90.[160,1155,1309,1437]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B62BEFAE7FC9BFADD" authority="Canu and Bassler, 1928, p. 135" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityPageNumber="135" authorityYear="1928" box="[171,798,1309,1333]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62BEFAE7FE33FADD" box="[171,438,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B63ABFAE7FD42FADD" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[446,711,1309,1333]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref60888" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1928. Fossil and recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proc US Natl Mus. 72: 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu and Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 135
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 21, figs 3 and 4.?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B62BEFABAFD27FAB0" authority=": Brown 1954, p. 251" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="251" authorityYear="1954" box="[171,674,1344,1368]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62BEFABAFE33FAB0" box="[171,438,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B63D1FABAFDC9FAB0" author="Brown DA" box="[452,588,1344,1368]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref60440" refString="Brown DA. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool). 2: 243 - 263." type="journal article" year="1954">Brown 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 251
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 1(f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FA98FE99FA75" blockId="90.[160,1155,1309,1437]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B62B5FA98FD54FA92" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 92" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,721,1378,1402]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62B5FA98FE2CFA92" box="[160,425,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B63A0FA98FD09FA92" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[437,652,1378,1402]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 92
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 16(b).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1365C2B615EFA98FC73FA92" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[843,1014,1378,1402]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2239, fig. 13(g, h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1365C2B62B5FA24FE5AF96A" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5FA24FE05FA10" blockId="90.[160,1155,1502,1666]" box="[160,384,1502,1528]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1365C2B62B5FA24FE05FA10" box="[160,384,1502,1528]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B62B5FA24FE05FA10" bold="true" box="[160,384,1502,1528]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1365C2B62B5F9F8FE5AF96A" blockId="90.[160,1155,1502,1666]" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1167 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1365C2B634DF9F8FE16F9F2" box="[344,403,1538,1562]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
19), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B6134F9F8FB82F9F2" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[801,1031,1538,1562]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B6134F9F8FB82F9F2" box="[801,1031,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Bryopesanser latesco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT-Te 1168 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1365C2B62F3F9DFFEA5F9D5" box="[230,288,1573,1597]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
35), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1365C2B60B4F9DFFC0DF9D5" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[673,904,1573,1597]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="adunca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1365C2B60B4F9DFFC0DF9D5" box="[673,904,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="231">Hippopodina adunca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT-Te 1169 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1365C2B6644F9DFFB06F9D5" box="[1105,1155,1573,1597]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
37), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1170,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1365C2B60B6F9B2FD55F988" box="[675,720,1608,1632]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site, three dried fragments; NSMT-Te 1171, dried colony,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1365C2B6397F990FE2CF96A" box="[386,425,1642,1666]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="90" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1375C2A62B5FCC7FE5DFC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" startId="91.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="91">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1375C2A62B5FCC7FE5DFC22" blockId="91.[160,1157,829,970]" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A62B5FCC7FE82FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,263,829,852]" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">Figure 32.</emphasis>
|
||
(a, b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1375C2A635CFCC7FD61FCBC" authority="Canu and Bassler" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[329,740,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A635CFCC7FDB4FCBC" box="[329,561,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
Canu and Bassler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1375C2A60D8FCA1FBA4FC9A" authority="(Audouin)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[717,1057,859,882]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A60D8FCA1FC31FC9A" box="[717,948,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">Crepidacantha poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
(Audouin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1375C2D62B5FBE0FCA5FEBC" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1375C2A62B5FBE0FEC8FBDC" blockId="91.[160,1156,1050,1179]" box="[160,333,1050,1076]" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1375C2A62B5FBE0FEC8FBDC" box="[160,333,1050,1076]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A62B5FBE0FEC8FBDC" bold="true" box="[160,333,1050,1076]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1375C2A62B5FBC4FBC9FB73" blockId="91.[160,1156,1050,1179]" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">
|
||
AzL, 0.39
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A6311FBC4FE94FBBE" box="[260,273,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.54 (0.466 ± 0.049); AzW, 0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A607EFBC4FDFDFBBE" box="[619,632,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.52 (0.374 ± 0.054) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A665DFBC4FBD0FBBE" box="[1096,1109,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.12 (0.104 ± 0.006); OrW, 0.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A63A4FB9BFE3BFB91" box="[433,446,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 (0.084 ± 0.006) (n = 15, 1). OvL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1375C2A6129FB9BFCF2FB91" box="[828,887,1121,1145]" degrees="0.199" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" precision="55" value="0.199">0.199</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1375C2A6162FB9BFC3AFB91" box="[887,959,1121,1145]" degrees="0.227" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" precision="55" value="-0.227">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A6162FB9BFC01FB91" box="[887,900,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.227
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(average = 0.210); OvW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1375C2A62F4FB79FE99FB73" box="[225,284,1155,1179]" degrees="0.209" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" precision="55" value="0.209">0.209</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1375C2A6309FB79FEE1FB73" box="[284,356,1155,1179]" degrees="0.213" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" precision="55" value="-0.213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A6309FB79FEACFB73" box="[284,297,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.213
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(average = 0.211) (n = 3, 2). Largest colony observed 4.7 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1375C2A61E6FB79FBCDFB73" box="[1011,1096,1155,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1375C2A62B5FB26FEA3FB1E" blockId="91.[160,1156,1244,1721]" box="[160,294,1244,1270]" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1375C2A62B5FB26FEA3FB1E" box="[160,294,1244,1270]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A62B5FB26FEA3FB1E" bold="true" box="[160,294,1244,1270]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1375C2D62B5FAFBFCA5FEBC" blockId="91.[160,1156,1244,1721]" lastBlockId="92.[160,1155,142,340]" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1375C2A6103FAFBFC04FAF1" box="[790,897,1281,1305]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) distinct, delineated by a sharp incision. Frontal wall convex, tumid, without pseudopores, smooth or minutely granulate in texture. Circular or slit-shaped marginal areolae present but rarely evident with light microscopy and often scarcely with SEM. Orifice subterminal, raised, hoof-shaped, with subcircular anter separated from equally broad poster by conspicuous, low, rounded-triangular condyles; proximal margin straight or slightly convex. Operculum with granular surface. Orifice not immersed; proximal to orifice is a small, low, mammillate or transversely crescentic projection. Zooids have 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1375C2A61ABFA09FC4EF9E3" box="[958,971,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">–</emphasis>
|
||
11 (mode = 10) long, thin, straight spines around distal and lateral margins, each spine tilted against frontal wall of adjacent zooid. Frontal avicularia paired, lateral to orifice, directed proximally; rostrum shorter than autozooidal orifice; mandibular part of rostrum elongate, tapering, with end forming trough; mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1375C2A6113F984FCF1F97E" box="[774,884,1662,1686]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) setiform, very long, sometimes reaching proximal border of zooid. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1375C2A610CF95BFC02F951" box="[793,903,1697,1721]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="232">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) terminal, about as broad as long; closed by operculum. Ooecium with smooth ectooecium; flattened on top, with low median ridge in proximal half evident in cleaned specimens; crescentic foramen of non-calcified ectooecium around frontodistal periphery of ooecium exposing up to 20 pseudopores in a single or double row. Ancestrula, poorly visible in one specimen, appears to be smaller than but of same form as later zooids, with spiral budding pattern, although these details are ambiguous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1305C2D62B5FE85FC4BFA25" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62B5FE85FE83FE71" blockId="92.[160,1156,383,1311]" box="[160,262,383,409]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1305C2D62B5FE85FE83FE71" box="[160,262,383,409]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D62B5FE85FE83FE71" bold="true" box="[160,262,383,409]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62B5FE5EFC1CFC97" blockId="92.[160,1156,383,1311]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
This species has the proximal margin of the orifice straight or nearly so; around 10 marginal spines; and small, paired frontal avicularia lateral to the orifice that have a long, setose mandible directed proximally. Although the original description mentions a concave poster, the proximal orificial margin appears straight in at least some zooids illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D635CFDD5FDE3FDAF" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[329,614,559,583]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref60888" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1928. Fossil and recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proc US Natl Mus. 72: 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu and Bassler (1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 21, fig. 4). The original description also mentions incomplete calcification of the ectooecium in a frontal area on the ovicell, and a small mucro proximal to the orifice. In his revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1305C2D6154FD8EFB01FD64" authority=", Brown (1954)" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1954" box="[833,1156,628,652]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D6154FD8EFC65FD64" box="[833,992,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Crepidacantha</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D61F8FD8EFB01FD64" author="Brown DA" box="[1005,1156,628,652]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref60440" refString="Brown DA. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool). 2: 243 - 263." type="journal article" year="1954">Brown (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated the frontal fenestra on the ooecium in a specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1305C2D61C1FD6DFB95FD47" box="[980,1040,663,687]" name="Brazil" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
as being transversely oval and positioned atop the ooecium, clearly a different condition than in Pacific material, where the frontal area has been described as horseshoe shaped (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D62B3FD05FE0EFCFF" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[166,395,767,791]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or comprising a crescent near the distal end (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D61A9FD05FBF3FCFF" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[956,1142,767,791]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D62B5FCDBFEB2FCD1" author="Brown DA" box="[160,311,801,825]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref60440" refString="Brown DA. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool). 2: 243 - 263." type="journal article" year="1954">Brown (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
made no mention of a proximal mucro, and this character seems variable among Pacific populations; it is present in specimens from Hawaii and Okinawa, but appears to be lacking in those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1305C2D6057FC9DFD25FC97" box="[578,672,871,895]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D60BAFC9DFC09FC97" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[687,908,871,895]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62D5FC73FE40FAF7" blockId="92.[160,1156,383,1311]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D62D5FC73FE5AFC49" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[192,479,905,929]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref60888" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1928. Fossil and recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proc US Natl Mus. 72: 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu and Bassler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described this species from coral and hydroid substrata at depths of 67
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D63DDFC56FE50FC2C" box="[456,469,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">–</emphasis>
|
||
201 fathoms (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1305C2D6063FC56FD7CFC2C" box="[630,761,940,964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.455" metricValueMax="3.6799999999999997" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="245.5" valueMax="368.0" valueMin="123.0">
|
||
123
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D60B5FC56FD28FC2C" box="[672,685,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">–</emphasis>
|
||
368 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) in the western Atlantic (Strait of Florida, off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1305C2D6336FC35FEE4FC0F" box="[291,353,975,999]" name="Cuba" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Subsequent reports have indicated a much broader range, including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1305C2D62B5FC0BFF59FBE1" box="[160,220,1009,1033]" name="Brazil" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D62FCFC0BFEF7FBE1" author="Brown DA" box="[233,370,1009,1033]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref60440" refString="Brown DA. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool). 2: 243 - 263." type="journal article" year="1954">Brown 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1305C2D6393FC0BFE6BFBE1" box="[390,494,1009,1033]" name="Mauritius" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D63EEFC0BFD1AFBE1" author="Hayward PJ" box="[507,671,1009,1033]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1305C2D60A6FC0BFC94FBE1" box="[691,785,1009,1033]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D610BFC0BFC72FBE1" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[798,1015,1009,1033]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D62B3FBEEFED2FBC4" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[166,343,1044,1068]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It seems unlikely that all these far-flung populations have maintained reproductive continuity, especially between the Pacific and Atlantic, and also unlikely that this species has been spread anthropogenically, as it is typically uncommon in natural habitats, rather than occurring in abundance in harbours. We thus expect that the nominal species will eventually prove to encompass more than one species, with western Pacific material requiring a different name from that originally described from the western Atlantic. For the time being, we use the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1305C2D612CFB1EFC32FB14" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[825,951,1252,1276]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D612CFB1EFC32FB14" box="[825,951,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">C. longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1305C2D61ABFB1EFBB4FB14" box="[958,1073,1252,1276]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
for the specimens from Okinawa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62B5FAB1FEA1FA8D" blockId="92.[160,1155,1355,1485]" box="[160,292,1355,1381]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1305C2D62B5FAB1FEA1FA8D" box="[160,292,1355,1381]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D62B5FAB1FEA1FA8D" bold="true" box="[160,292,1355,1381]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62B5FA95FC4BFA25" blockId="92.[160,1155,1355,1485]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
We found six colonies, at the SES and MIN sites. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1305C2D6161FA95FB06FA6F" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[884,1155,1391,1415]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D6161FA95FB06FA6F" box="[884,1155,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Crepidacantha longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have a circumglobal distribution in the subtropical and tropical zones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D62B3FA4FFE06FA25" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[166,387,1461,1485]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this is probably not the case, as discussed above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |