treatments-xml/data/03/BE/87/03BE87B8C77BAF4AECDEFF0DD191FB73.xml
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<mods:title id="048DC750B82C2AD6358C8B046D33CAEA">Two new species of Rhopalovalva Kuznetsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from China</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6525C77BAF4AECDEFF0DD191FB73" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA836AEC77BAF4AECDEFF0DD077FF46" blockId="1.[151,527,221,247]" box="[151,527,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0E081C2C77BAF4AECDEFF0DD077FF46" bold="true" box="[151,527,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AECDEFF0DD077FF46" ID-CoL="92LXN" authority="Kuznetsov, 1964" authorityName="Kuznetsov" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,527,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AECDEFF0DD077FF46" bold="true" box="[151,527,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AECDEFF0DD345FF46" bold="true" box="[151,317,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B5FC77BAF4AED0DFF0DD077FF46" author="Kuznetsov" box="[324,527,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" refString="Kuznetsov, V. I. (1964) New genera and species of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from the Far East. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43, 873 - 889." type="book chapter" year="1964">Kuznetsov, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836AEC77BAF4AECDEFEF5D073FDF5" blockId="1.[151,1437,293,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B5FC77BAF4AECDEFEF5D31AFE8E" author="Razowski" box="[151,354,293,319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" refString="Razowski, J. (1989) The genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part II: Palaearctic Olethreutinae. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 32 (7), 107 - 328." type="journal article" year="1989">Razowski (1989)</bibRefCitation>
identified two putative autapomorphies for
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEF25FEF5D668FE8F" box="[876,1040,293,318]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEF25FEF5D668FE8F" box="[876,1040,293,318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e., the presence of a hairy lobe situated at the distal end of the sacculus and the presence of a pollex on the cucullus. Based on the examination of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEE43FEA0D0CEFE38" box="[522,694,368,393]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEE43FEA0D0CEFE38" box="[522,694,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F300763EC77BAF4AEF4DFEA0D136FE3B" box="[772,846,368,394]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">China</collectingCountry>
and a comparison with characters provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B5FC77BAF4AECDEFE45D30DFE1E" author="Razowski" box="[151,373,405,431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" refString="Razowski, J. (1989) The genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part II: Palaearctic Olethreutinae. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 32 (7), 107 - 328." type="journal article" year="1989">Razowski (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, we confirm that the dorsally directed hairy lobe at the distal end of sacculus is an autapomorphy; no similar structure was observed in any other genus within
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE817FE6AD690FE65" box="[1118,1256,442,468]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eucosmini">Eucosmini</taxonomicName>
. However, the presence of a pollex on cucullus is not convincing since it is absent in some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE8D2FE30D746FE48" box="[1179,1342,480,505]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE8D2FE30D746FE48" box="[1179,1342,480,505]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE9CAFE30D378FDAF" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhombea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE9CAFE30D378FDAF" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">R. rhombea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AED59FDD5D308FDAE" bold="true" box="[272,368,517,543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057C7C77BAF4AED59FDD5D308FDAE" box="[272,368,517,543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEDFDFDD5D025FDAF" box="[436,605,517,542]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEDFDFDD5D025FDAF" box="[436,605,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">R. triangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEE24FDD5D0B5FDAE" bold="true" box="[621,717,517,543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057C7C77BAF4AEE24FDD5D0B5FDAE" box="[621,717,517,543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). Hence, the hairy lobe of the sacculus is recognized as the only convincing autapomorphy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836AEC77BAF4AEC8CFD80D381FD6B" blockId="1.[151,1437,293,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
Based on the newly discovered Chinese species, the definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE860FD80D6A5FDD8" box="[1065,1245,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE860FD80D6A5FDD8" box="[1065,1245,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires some modification: the uncus can be slender, clubbed, or Y-shaped; the cucullus is varied, often with a ventral process or spine (i.e., “pollex” of Razowski); and there are two funnellike or hornlike signa in the corpus bursae of the female genitalia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836AEC77BAF4AEC8CFD35D295FBC6" blockId="1.[151,1437,293,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
This genus is probably closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEEF0FD35D1A0FD4E" authority="Lederer, 1859" authorityName="Lederer" authorityYear="1859" box="[697,984,741,767]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Acroclita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEEF0FD35D150FD4F" box="[697,808,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Acroclita</emphasis>
Lederer, 1859
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE85DFD35D731FD4E" authority="Lederer, 1859" authorityName="Lederer" authorityYear="1859" box="[1044,1353,741,767]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopobota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE85DFD35D6E0FD4F" box="[1044,1176,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopobota</emphasis>
Lederer, 1859
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the stalked R4 and R
<quantity id="4CEF9B4BC77BAF4AEDADFCCAD073FC95" box="[484,523,778,808]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
the forewing, but no other characters unite these genera.
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE8E1FCDAD733FC92" box="[1192,1355,778,803]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE8E1FCDAD733FC92" box="[1192,1355,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to some
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AED11FCE2D394FCFD" box="[344,492,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Enarmoniini">Enarmoniini</taxonomicName>
with a falcate apex of the forewing (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEFACFCE3D6BDFCFD" authority="Horak" authorityName="Horak" box="[997,1221,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aglaogonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEFACFCE3D608FCFD" box="[997,1136,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Aglaogonia</emphasis>
Horak
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE89BFCE3D7E8FCFD" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[1234,1424,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE89BFCE3D751FCFD" box="[1234,1321,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Ancylis</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
), the sacculus in the form of a subbasal triangular or elongate lobe (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEFA9FC88D64EFCC0" box="[992,1078,856,881]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEFA9FC88D64EFCC0" box="[992,1078,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Ancylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE80CFC88D726FCC3" authority="Diakonoff" authorityName="Diakonoff" box="[1093,1374,856,882]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylophyes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE80CFC88D6A1FCC0" box="[1093,1241,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Ancylophyes</emphasis>
Diakonoff
</taxonomicName>
), and the keellike signum in the female genitalia (
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEEEFFCAED085FC26" box="[678,765,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEEEFFCAED085FC26" box="[678,765,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Ancylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEF44FCAED1DBFC26" box="[781,931,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylophyes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEF44FCAED1DBFC26" box="[781,931,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Ancylophyes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEFFAFCAED6A8FC26" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[947,1232,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Helictophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEFFAFCAED626FC26" box="[947,1118,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Helictophanes</emphasis>
Meyrick
</taxonomicName>
). However, other characters argue against this placement, including many feature of the genitalia.
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B5FC77BAF4AE81AFC72D68BFC0D" author="Horak" box="[1107,1267,930,956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" refString="Horak, M. (2006) Olethreutine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, 10, 522 pp." type="book" year="2006">Horak (2006)</bibRefCitation>
proposed that
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AECDEFC18D3B9FC53" authority="Kuznetsov" authorityName="Kuznetsov" box="[151,449,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AECDEFC18D343FC50" box="[151,315,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
Kuznetsov
</taxonomicName>
is a close relative of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEEF6FC18D1BCFC53" authority="Kuznetsov" authorityName="Kuznetsov" box="[703,964,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Fibuloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEEF6FC18D145FC50" box="[703,829,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Fibuloides</emphasis>
Kuznetsov
</taxonomicName>
, but
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEFB7FC18D6ECFC50" box="[1022,1172,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovala</emphasis>
lacks both a bifurcate uncus and the bi-pronged sclerite anteriorly in the ductus bursae characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AE83AFC3ED68BFBB6" box="[1139,1267,1006,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Fibuloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AE83AFC3ED68BFBB6" box="[1139,1267,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Fibuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In our study, only
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AEC91FBC3D067FB9D" box="[216,543,1043,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEC91FBC3D067FB9D" box="[216,543,1043,1068]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva triangulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AEE79FBC2D0EFFB9D" bold="true" box="[560,663,1042,1068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057C7C77BAF4AEE79FBC2D0EFFB9D" box="[560,663,1042,1068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, has a Y-shaped uncus, which is like that in some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AECDEFBE8D3D6FBE3" authority="Obraztsov" authorityName="Obraztsov" box="[151,430,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibberifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AECDEFBE8D35EFBE0" box="[151,294,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Gibberifera</emphasis>
Obraztsov
</taxonomicName>
; however, most other species have a clubbed uncus. No other characters link these genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836AEC77BAF4AEC8CFB52D191FB73" blockId="1.[151,1437,293,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">
As presently defined,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D2DC77BAF4AED87FB53D00CFB2D" box="[462,628,1155,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhopalovalva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EABCC77BAF4AED87FB53D00CFB2D" box="[462,628,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="65">Rhopalovalva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is comprised of 11 species (listed below), including two described herein, all of which are restricted to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>