396 lines
51 KiB
XML
396 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="EAE0FD4B7D5AC6452AFFC07309330D5F" ID-CLB-Dataset="34631" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4c5d859-a42d-4043-b1d6-9b55421bf317" ID-PMC="PMC4042695" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-412-41" ID-PubMed="24899861" ID-ZooBank="C618D622395E4FB7B2DE16C65053762F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-412-41" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 412" ModsDocTitle="The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana" checkinTime="1451245845893" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Prejean, Jacques A. & Niemiller, Matthew L." docDate="2014" docId="E677F7CDF62DB878A160FBA721448ECF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 412: 41-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 412" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245" docTitle="Amblyopsis hoosieri Niemiller, Prejean & Chakrabarty, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="688BC3D5-7773-41E8-961F-67E3E4902BE2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="37314C64FFFC674E58641A0FD322FFD4" masterDocTitle="The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1701381605502" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4C7693F7AE09F057BE7B5A2A59A991B6">The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="098F02C22209F37FBFE90084706B863F">Chakrabarty, Prosanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F2CCFC5E8027250D41F0827DC0384B7">Prejean, Jacques A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE742945589BB90381DE23F1DD4D2E02">Niemiller, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="16D2386347244A889A131DD7AC45D29F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4F934F5FCDD95A202EC3792E20B9C638">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="55A9E43E14E2EBA7D9B58A8E7DC0CC07">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="94610D1C2D3B83560AA6C28DBC410AE0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="09E5CD5483A891D94894E37DE4EE339D">412</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9E99F68FC8247E8A4134E0F4942284EB">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B0A7DECD235FB3580A0FAC68016B99FE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1DD1F57BBA6A5986AAE27241A075A981" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7245</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EBCC4836AC1CCD5391E2B7FDFC1DEED9" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-412-41</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E677F7CDF62DB878A160FBA721448ECF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053236" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:688BC3D5-7773-41E8-961F-67E3E4902BE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E677F7CDF62DB878A160FBA721448ECF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="1B2CB262EF2841128BD26A20C0DA3850" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C560582F625FB24CB363B21FB43405A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="EAFE3F664D13A76D0F70DF40BE11A773" ID-CoL="5TZLB" LSID="http://zoobank.org/688BC3D5-7773-41E8-961F-67E3E4902BE2" authority="Niemiller, Prejean & Chakrabarty" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri Niemiller, Prejean & Chakrabarty</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9F612D802EC8FBD2299B9F1DC5A12075" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 4A, 5-7; Table 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3F254523C7C304D77989B4681AFE2256" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9849CB11BFF667C90633541FFAC3DB3C" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="5BF03C5A9647C75855A68C6D0ABECBE2" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="F43CCFB1749370CD866C325BD56F3560" originalValue="“N”">"N"</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation id="E0B23D523315DE03BDC6C564480A6269" author="Niemiller, ML" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="1011 - 1025" title="Effects of climatic and geological processes during the Pleistocene on the evolutionary history of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae)." url="10.1111/evo.12017" volume="67" year="2013 d">Niemiller et al. 2013d</bibRefCitation>
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: pg. 9 (Fig. 3)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2EEEDAC0B3710647058185867693A8B" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="19CDA2564EFB6E95DE41738C4C1A1B6A" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
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: Simon 2011: pg. 230-231; Fig. 146 (in part)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="25F622340A1311A2A6F847371A243FED" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="1F04C2AF597102198929B8D8A908B6B9" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="649B01161C2114A0099599E45BFBE6B0" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 290" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes." url="10.2307/2423056" volume="70" year="1963">Poulson 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: pg. 267, 269 Upper Twin, Spring Mill (in part)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="184675CFC41269ADC51E9EC3A4828517" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="24FA3E622BD27D48A3069322B48A8A3E" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="79523B59963EF3E75C6B889B24F9F1C8" author="Woods, LP" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="232 - 256" title="The cave, spring, and swamp fishes of the family Amblyopsidae of central and eastern United States." url="10.2307/2422371" volume="58" year="1957">Woods and Inger 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: pg. 241, 243-245; Fig. 5 (in part)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8983BEEB3D2D915B0DED3CB295A55381" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="6DFD8984140106D3C88E331E8BCEA1CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33C4311FA33C84EF56C5417214029A9A" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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Holotype. INHS 106675,
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<normalizedToken id="692A7CFDB8C0AA641A39080D0D179CC4" originalValue="Bronson’s">Bronson's</normalizedToken>
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Cave (White River Dr.) Spring Mill State Park, Lawrence County, Indiana, USA; 38°44', -86°25'; 9 December 1962, W.U. Bringham [formerly in lot 102504]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84341AE232724BE3AAEB1C753CE7AD9D" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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Paratypes. INHS 40424 (n=12 in ETOH; n=2 cleared and stained),
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<normalizedToken id="E7A8417E2D75122BB4C9BE8FBE278FD2" originalValue="Bronson’s">Bronson's</normalizedToken>
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Cave (White River Dr.) Spring Mill State Park, Lawrence County, Indiana, 5 April 1964, W.U. Brigham, G.W. Barlow & J. Mertz; INHS 60574 (n=1), Spring, (Lost River Dr.) Near West Baden, Orange County, Indiana, 18 January 1904, N.H. Haden; INHS 102504 (n=4), same data as holotype; LSUMZ 17419 (n=1), same as UMMZ 157175, formerly of that lot; LSUMZ 17420 (n=1), same data as UMMZ 65000, formerly of that lot; UMMZ 65000 (n=2), Twin Caves, near Mitchell, Lawrence County, Indiana, 17 May 1924, Hubbs & party; UMMZ 90379 (n=2),
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<normalizedToken id="C2AF55290C463CE6AB47DFCACC79C0D5" originalValue="Sibert’s">Sibert's</normalizedToken>
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Well Cave, beside Wyandotte Cave, Indiana, 17 August 1930, P. Hickie; UMMZ 113550 (n=1), Lost River, Indiana, ca. 2 mi NE of Orangeville, September 1935, J.J. & W.P. Petravicz; UMMZ 114890 (n=2),
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<normalizedToken id="FE8F1C4083A4CAFE305105ABA25F0FBC" originalValue="Donaldson’s">Donaldson's</normalizedToken>
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Cave, Spring Mills State Park, Lawrence County, 16 June 1934, A.E. Emerson; UMMZ 144604 (n=1), Stream in
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<normalizedToken id="43C9FB44CF6C4C050A1CDED2788E0E21" originalValue="Sibert’s">Sibert's</normalizedToken>
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Well Cave, Wyandotte, Crawford County, Indiana, 01 October 1942, L. Hubricht; UMMZ 146992 (n=1), Stream in Sheep Cave, near Wyandotte, Crawford County, Indiana, 01 September 1939,, L. Hubricht; UMMZ 146994 (n=3), Stream in Bronson Cave, Spring Mill State Park, Lawrence County, Indiana, 2 September 1939, L Hubricht; UMMZ 157174 (n=1),
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<normalizedToken id="D7A216EB847097234B3F0A4AEB81262A" originalValue="“possibly”">"possibly"</normalizedToken>
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Donaldson farm caves near Indiana University, Indiana, C.H. Eigenmann; UMMZ 157175 (n=1), same as previous lot; UMMZ 157176 (n=1), same as previous lot; UMMZ 160944 (n=1), Twin Cave, Mitchell, Lawrence County, Indiana, 18 June 1924, F.N. Blanchard; YPM 25304 (n=2), Donaldson Cave, Spring Mill State Park, Lawrence County, Indiana, 21 December 2007, M.L. Niemiller et al.; YPM 25305 (n=1), Blue Springs Caverns, Lawrence County, Indiana, 21 December 2007, M.L. Niemiller et al. [Note tissue samples and published sequences are available from paratypes in YPM 25304 and 25305 (
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<bibRefCitation id="DEBE3279E64D93175188CCD920B8BEBD" author="Niemiller, ML" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="1011 - 1025" title="Effects of climatic and geological processes during the Pleistocene on the evolutionary history of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae)." url="10.1111/evo.12017" volume="67" year="2013 d">Niemiller et al. 2013d</bibRefCitation>
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) and these correspond to genseq-2 following the nomenclature of
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<bibRefCitation id="86F8DC6BF016B05D54A8DD1D88D07C4B" author="Chakrabarty, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="29 - 41" title="GenSeq: An updated nomenclature for genetic sequences and a formal ranking of sequences from type and non-type sources." url="10.3897/zookeys.346.5753" volume="346" year="2013">Chakrabarty et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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. GenBank numbers for these sequences from the paratypes are reported in Table 2.]
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0DB3281ABEB12E43843B0035EB19A8C9" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph id="0F95F1A52681FD98CB34971B39B0B55E" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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Table 1. Measurements and meristic counts of species of
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<taxonomicName id="112091E8E2742A1405712A4FCE1EC421" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amblyopsis</taxonomicName>
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. Standard length is in mm. Other measurements are percentages of standard length or head length. Values reported are means and ranges are in parentheses. For meristic counts, number of specimens with a count value is in parentheses.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="764E6F52877013B365E2DE0BFEAB7D60" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<table id="E705B08CAC42A88479D49B60A5801415" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<tr id="C7BF90853D2F2534E75C4F40403E4C5C" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<th id="85D7B12930E30EB07BA41C53C1FD95EF" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left">Character</th>
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<th id="83E75BCDC79025B999064D87BCD3346D" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">
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<taxonomicName id="5A7E19BD85B4CAEEB94DE80B99FBFB48" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
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(Indiana)
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</th>
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<th id="AF3A8CCEA3D64BF0E05F837E85230F52" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">
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<taxonomicName id="B080D9DFBB24603334D4A7A2873F69D1" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
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(Kentucky)
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="6FCA96F9B2F33E059D77ECEFEA1B1575" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<th id="EAF7DBE764BA002CA90405C9A5B06B68" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">N=30</th>
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<th id="C12546FE1AD36DBFB9BCF89B2539538C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">N=11</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="1484894343FD6AE8FA47E5AD76C5FB9A" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<td id="F5D4AAD670D6ACCBF77A854EE088576A" colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">Percentage of standard length</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="F9A37225E24A697B6643CF5DB1A78BD7" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<td id="CC374AFECDEF31028AD4C91B136F112E" colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">Percentage of head length</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5BD62C6FAD86C05F8DA92AECC38F0CE0" ID-Table-UUID="5BD62C6FAD86C05F8DA92AECC38F0CE0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5BD62C6FAD86C05F8DA92AECC38F0CE0" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph id="D92F4A6DBD615C81F5F8B656E0069A3B" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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Table 2. GenBank accession numbers for sequences from
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<taxonomicName id="6D2D6882D2CF8E9115CBB99A2CC01947" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
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paratypes, which receive genseq-2 ranking in the classification of
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<bibRefCitation id="E4A5B9F8276695F4AE253D23D1ED3CA7" author="Chakrabarty, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="29 - 41" title="GenSeq: An updated nomenclature for genetic sequences and a formal ranking of sequences from type and non-type sources." url="10.3897/zookeys.346.5753" volume="346" year="2013">Chakrabarty et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Sequences were used and derived from the study of
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<bibRefCitation id="2093B93028564BBAFA8DF8CDCF8B3C99" author="Niemiller, ML" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="1011 - 1025" title="Effects of climatic and geological processes during the Pleistocene on the evolutionary history of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae)." url="10.1111/evo.12017" volume="67" year="2013 d">Niemiller et al. (2013d)</bibRefCitation>
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. Genes are listed in columns: tbr1 (T-box brain), rag1 (recombinating activating protein 1), s7 intron 1 (ribosomal protein s7, intron 1), nd2 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2), rhod (rhodopsin).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="0B51629766A44BEBEA430D2DA51F6807" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<table id="F218A880D15A3DFD5388FE4D95A42AA8" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
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<tr id="83F87F8FF14B8EC9C98A3E4F0772137E" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<th id="214E7F19B68D3BEAFCB9B456D80B18C5" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">Gene</th>
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<th id="D8C1B76B3B0B4D70CAEA2AF6AB332C70" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center">tbr1</th>
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<th id="3D1DC0F06D5D9AA524965D6EE4A910D9" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center">rag1</th>
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<th id="DE9BC19A4C4B18F5E81C5406F1BD07D6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center">s7</th>
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<th id="8F7AC5669792223F1EB4454B8432AEFE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center">nd2</th>
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<th id="3771E5AA7E0E4233C94A882078488A1B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center">rhod</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="717CE4EC0E1D75C7AD8910D92866F7E7" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="A3C70D8BFBE7BF13F99C336900CAD158" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">Specimen #</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D6A4BFC32313AFB26FE08356DDC90BC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="42AB824D47A7C78FC1BB1A156E3A7F39" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">YPM 25304.A</td>
|
||
<td id="75C9B2A74F9B21E87A965A1CDE2BCC72" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX978106</td>
|
||
<td id="D06AEAA4BD012D5C314A8441CEE8374C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX978036</td>
|
||
<td id="F86C34D64526CC1431C8A26E966D57D6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX977966</td>
|
||
<td id="16B36CCDA9A008FB13E9C4A88B576EF7" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX977896</td>
|
||
<td id="F47D68253854CF0EF47DCD6962406BA4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX459497</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4D64C56C97724FBC45864A4FE193EDB0" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="EB1C7DDEC25D055A6AAB161D70D2D324" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">YPM 25304.B</td>
|
||
<td id="5FD796EA5C937EB396E1C11748541D3C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX978107</td>
|
||
<td id="746C909BBF7D609FA041FCA8467439E6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX978037</td>
|
||
<td id="9F286DC868394AB9BF1A8760AF31FEE7" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX977967</td>
|
||
<td id="1859731EAA5A8C236D33564C5B49E381" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX977897</td>
|
||
<td id="6185F9FECC98D55FDA3CF8981BC145BE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX459498</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5461F42BF4745440AA81728F56EAC847" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="0E71FD5385D3E6EBF4C20CE223CD15CB" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">YPM 25305</td>
|
||
<td id="4E621764DB8A52E8B446D55169169705" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX978108</td>
|
||
<td id="18156EB97DE0AD522425CDA2C472E84B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX978038</td>
|
||
<td id="B45FC31F3C056113B8BD05E83F581BBA" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX977968</td>
|
||
<td id="618252A4CD778033AC661F24165314EC" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX977898</td>
|
||
<td id="494E6344E0644D42544EF33817B38B50" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">JX459499</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9203C866B9F829CFB2955F2D5EBD8005" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="morphological diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9EDF0127CDA456F6FA956CCE70493458" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Morphological diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D563CC88F0573503FC5F5898FDD4EDCF" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C4A505F0CACEF27AC7030FAD40914C4" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="893630287D07C0443C950BF1B9BC7AA1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" start="start">Amblyopsis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
hoosieri
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its only congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="721230A270B33DC57B060FEB4457D4A0" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having a more plump, fleshy and rounded body (versus sculpted and thin) with Bibendum-like wrinkles along myomeres (versus tight skin) and by having rounder pectoral fins (versus pointed; Figs 4-6). Additionally, the mechansensory papillae on the body and caudal fin are reduced in size and less elevated on the skin (versus conspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5725454A00E255976CB6CD0EE6C3B82C" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1AD9249EDAB0EC2A57D2A3C5BFB7A5CC" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C39C03CA312478DB37B35AAEC8CEFAD" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 4. Comparative image of two similarly sized individuals of both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89213DD379BEB49AB1AE1DBE657588B6" genus="Amblyopisis" lsidName="Amblyopisis" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Amblyopisis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD214DE93FFF133B58616CFBA8380932" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, INHS 106675, 75.1 mm SL,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9892448997254E7B071F674BEDF90295" originalValue="Bronson’s">Bronson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cave, Lawrence Co., Indiana (A); a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6219FD71888A36BA5EDAA836B6507615" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM ICH 25294) of similar SL (67 mm SL) showing the more elongate and sculpted (versus plump) body, pointed fins, less prominent myomeres and more prominent papillae on the body (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="87805F3855374734443044532B8E97CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="2569AA2A07BC910C5409DDD37225EDA2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 5. Photograph of a paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C035A9622A546F868E87A8B3592C8AC6" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life, YPM ICH 25304, 60.7 mm SL. Photograph by M.L. Niemiller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="21FB9B14F55F3F66A86BD59B929869D2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="3EA6DB4DB6EF86AF9868E96ADDA703EF" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 6. Illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97C3F77E814FBE6E66B4440BE2BD3891" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the holotype, INHS 106675, 75.1 mm SL. Illustration by Nathan Coussou.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="750807E7C5806B9D33BF53AB05BDD2C2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="molecular diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="868A6BCCBEA07416AB293135B3C738FC" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Molecular diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5AC4582D350DCA257EBA32CF17B14A8" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Average uncorrected pairwise genetic distance at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 2 (nd2) locus between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9BB535052075D128EAAC3D62EA9FE19" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="054702272D5D7774E34CC7BBA46B7A33" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 3.1%, with 27 mutations separating the two species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2128D7269D47FF545EB8A175C2C8D692" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA3C8CF9CA4A3E1FE9CC7FDA72B7B155" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be readily diagnosed using molecular data at the nuclear rhodopsin gene, a G-coupled photoreceptor expressed in the retina of the vertebrate eye. All rhodopsin sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46D7820AE79B2187A285637631A33971" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
code for the amino acid glutamine (Q) at position 184, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8E85487614221091064485A4B5B749D" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a point mutation that results in a premature stop codon at this position. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31CDC938031DC7856CF9A13DB77B17D6" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri subsp. rhodopsin" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hoosieri" subSpecies="rhodopsin">Amblyopsis hoosieri rhodopsin</taxonomicName>
|
||
codes for the amino acid valine (V) at position 254, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCE75A2D3DE80DE375AE20F45F48BF6E" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
codes for the amino acid phenylalanine (F). A single mutation in intron 1 of ribosomal protein S7 (s7) also distinguishes the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65D40A40EF31F3D67BC00F3ED0FE93B6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF655A68513F03AAA76AA5E2A593A73B" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="30497DE4F7F2AE29A34E33201DF19B91" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Robust, blind (eye not developed, Fig. 7), unpigmented cavefish typically reaching between 60-80 mm in adult standard length. Head large (about
|
||
<normalizedToken id="255C186398E8350BB0E000AAA84D48E1" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
body length) flat dorsally but broad; head widest part of body. Body widest at operculum, narrows to caudal fin. Body rectangular, dorsal and vertical profile of body nearly symmetrical; deepest point at dorsal-fin origin. Fleshy protuberance present anterior to dorsal-fin origin; similar protuberance at anal-fin origin. Body narrows posterior to dorsal- and anal-fin origins, narrowest point at midpoint of caudal peduncle. Body
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="2A642A34FF93AB9B2507FE7CBC9D59BF" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" start="start">plump</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, wrinkly in appearance (as in Bibendum) prominent deep myomeres present. Deep groove on ventral side of body from operculum and anus to pelvic fin. Scales inconspicuous and cycloid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="31E49FEFD298CECB07F22CD2E0DCEB2D" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="E904C9632B62F731EF3020CEA83EC039" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Figure 7. Cleared and stained image of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95838C1236E40F22A3D714A59BAFF151" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note lack of eye or a clearly defined bony orbit. Specimen is a paratype from INHS 40424, 71.3 mm SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="14D2A9FAFD4B431EA457EA35ECEC47A7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Superficial mechanosensory neuromasts on papillae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73F3CFBC758BDF2B9A156E6949741A7D" author="Eigenmann, CH" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution of Washington, Norwood, Mass., USA" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" title="Cave Vertebrates of America: A Study in Degenerative Evolution" year="1909">Eigenmann 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="800EAC89E8F17F46AA3A8CF987EA4DFC" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) present in rows of 5-30 on head. Papillae concentrated at mouth; fewer posteriorly on head. Most rows of papillae vertical, far fewer horizontal. Horizontal rows typically connect two to four other vertical rows. Most mechanosensory papillae on dorsal side of head concentrated and aligned posterior to, or between, nares. No mechanosensory papillae in central area of dorsal region of head. Papillae present dorsal to braincase in two horizontal rows. No lateral line on body. Mechanosensory papillae on body much smaller than those on head and aligned in vertical rows; some scattered papillae near dorsal-fin base. Inconspicuous papillae present on caudal fin in horizontal rows of two or three in both dorsal and ventral half of fin, vertical row present at base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4BA30F48B9C7FECD6B53182B4EF00A8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Anterior nares small, tube shaped; posterior nares slightly larger with small anterior flap, but otherwise circular. Lips somewhat thin and fleshy. Lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ACF851876EEDDBB4E471D2E5446CB45E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Vertical through dorsal-fin origin between more anterior pelvic-fin origin and more posterior anal-fin origin. Anal-fin and dorsal-fin insertions near same vertical plane. All fins relatively short and rounded. Anus located anteriorly on body, behind isthmus of united gill membranes (i.e., jugular). Caudal skeleton upturned and asymmetrical
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3BE3EA3632F0E2F87BBFE6086C50FFF4" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
externally appearing homocercal), with last half centrum (preural 1 + ural 1) including hypural (3-X; following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12169FA71BB17A9C77F7B4E1EDC7165D" author="Rosen, DE" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 35" title="Comments on the relationships of the North American cave fishes of the family Amblyopsidae." volume="2109" year="1962">Rosen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and entirely associated with dorsal half of caudal fin. Five or six principal caudal-fin rays supported by each hypural plate (ventral hypural 1+2; again following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4C4DB486F8ECEE19B4556DDD1DBB06F" author="Rosen, DE" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 35" title="Comments on the relationships of the North American cave fishes of the family Amblyopsidae." volume="2109" year="1962">Rosen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B833F3A4374A74F1BB5C790DE962630" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Branchiostegals six in number, robust and prominent. Papilliform flap at dorsal origin of operculum. Six or seven gill rakers on ceratobranchial of first gill arch. Rakers short, stubby and denticulated. Central and upper tooth plates also heavily denticulated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9CD2F171A18C8B5BE6858C8C98EC4C5" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Buccal teeth villiform, in three to five rows. Individual teeth unicuspid, slender and long; teeth deeply embedded in mouth so only top 1/3 visible. Teeth recumbent, particularly those on upper jaw. Palatine and vomerine teeth also present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B9344A81FB1E12377609FCE46CE9ADEA" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Body uniformly depigmented, including inside mouth. Body pinkish-white, reddish near gills, fins transparent. In alcohol, body color uniformly yellowish/beige, fins opaque yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="794DF691E7374278B967268F83D2CE02" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A47530DCE3291D107533ABEB369B5BC" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B741387F6C018E9F4CA6D212E51F6448" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35491C15B1B4E8A6217F468337884F26" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CC1AF65E9F64188612B94A630AA83486" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" start="start">hoosieri</pageBreakToken>
|
||
is in reference to this species being from the state of Indiana. It is also a reference to Indiana University, where biologist Carl H. Eigenmann was a Professor of Zoology and studied blind cave vertebrates, including populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D8289D3B41610466C8C85B8ECA68539" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Lawrence County just to the south of Bloomington (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6088A63A589161F03B6D76E16C05733A" author="Eigenmann, CH" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution of Washington, Norwood, Mass., USA" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" title="Cave Vertebrates of America: A Study in Degenerative Evolution" year="1909">Eigenmann 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indiana University was also home to the Father of American Ichthyology, David Starr Jordan, for most of his illustrious career. We derive the specific epithet from the proper noun
|
||
<normalizedToken id="518C815C98A631FA315F701D524F6D99" originalValue="“Hoosier.”">"Hoosier."</normalizedToken>
|
||
Notably, the senior author of the manuscript is a fervent fan of Indiana Hoosier basketball while the first author is an alumni of the University of Michigan and is not. Suggested common name, Hoosier Cavefish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="253D45DBEA2589447819139D143FF1CA" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F646A1874A68457C93D6E75419E03422" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED15987718EC302BD9EEABC67B1277B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DE008FCFBDDFE225B539902999926FD" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in caves developed in carbonate rock of the Crawford-Mammoth Cave Uplands and Mitchell Plain in the South-Central karst region of Indiana (Fig. 2) within the area that remained ice free throughout the Pleistocene Epoch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="803EF7029CA3177C5985E9B5934BA204" author="Woods, LP" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="232 - 256" title="The cave, spring, and swamp fishes of the family Amblyopsidae of central and eastern United States." url="10.2307/2422371" volume="58" year="1957">Woods and Inger 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Frushour 2012). Caves within the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9839D6D3D6673AB659C50CEDDF43942" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
are primarily developed in Mississippian-aged limestones and carbonates belonging to the St. Louis and St. Genevieve Limestone (Frushour 2012). The northernmost locality occurs 16 km from the glacial maxima of the Illinoian glaciation. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADCDC73F0C98E6A7A8965D74EBB22848" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is bounded to the north by the East Fork White River and the south by the Ohio River. The species has been documented from at least 74 localities in Crawford, Harrison, Lawrence, Orange and Washington counties, including 68 cave systems and six springs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5CC10DA39B634C2A09CB0A50DCC49CDA" author="Keith, JH" journalOrPublisher="Natural Areas Journal" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="69 - 79" title="Distribution of northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea DeKay, in Indiana and Kentucky and recommendations for its protection." volume="8" year="1988">Keith 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F03D7B61C183E0428A0F52E83CE17B6" author="Pearson, WD" journalOrPublisher="Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, Indiana" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" title="Distribution and status of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea." volumeTitle="Technical report. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program" year="1995">Pearson and Boston 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="595D39394D89427D5E65FBEF4190B3DA" author="Lewis, JJ" journalOrPublisher="USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" title="Conservation assessment for the northern cavefish (Amblyopsis spelaea)" year="2002 a">Lewis 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A990D0A385B9FD03D723BCD7D132170" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6916E874234C41BC4268AFFBBD44613E" author="Niemiller, ML" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="1011 - 1025" title="Effects of climatic and geological processes during the Pleistocene on the evolutionary history of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae)." url="10.1111/evo.12017" volume="67" year="2013 d">Niemiller et al. 2013d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A509C458636B5E22ACB7EC8EA90C8DBA" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Lower White, Lower East Fork White, Patoka and Blue-Sinking watersheds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E473791FED48C5BCB34DB2C672D43EA2" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="6DD46A8ECC110DE98A7E5B9F74825435" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="36870061E3AD0086F01C55C100EA36FB" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D4C8C5A2BEFEE532C633BAAFACD91C" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found primarily in larger cave streams at or near the water table where it has been observed in pools with low flow at depths as shallow as 0.1 m to> 2 m deep.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDBF619C89A644D0E96D0793A8900655" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amblyopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
cavefishes from Indiana have been found in association with silt-sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock substrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A7E859CAB7338A2D00608B9B351CF79" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 290" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes." url="10.2307/2423056" volume="70" year="1963">Poulson 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9ADDA428DC635777E78C13510D91E88" author="Pearson, WD" journalOrPublisher="Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, Indiana" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" title="Distribution and status of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea." volumeTitle="Technical report. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program" year="1995">Pearson and Boston 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="02315B930CAE7C6EEEB93F3962F9C060" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A preference for larger pools with relatively deep, slow-moving water with large breakdown boulders has been noted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5D082B5277139FC071E0808278C70F7" author="McCandless, JR" journalOrPublisher="University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" title="Field surveys and use of a spatially realistic stochastic patch occupancy model to evaluate the conservation status of the northern cavefish, Amblyopsis spelaea DeKay" year="2005">McCandless 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During high flow conditions, cavefish seek refuge under ledges, in crevices or in areas of breakdown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C57E8460DB52CC589DE5C92B8C14B72F" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These habitats and preferences are similar to those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E15D441A7143B7FAAAEE04F79ECA9D43" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis spelaea" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">Amblyopsis spelaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(reviewed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A973D950E392F7289CA93773222292BF" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="840DC33A408191A20538308887C0050E" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="life history">
|
||
<paragraph id="BEE3289C2EDCA95714C5A084D7E27BA3" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Life history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7FE2C055F97B6935960E13FC8A4744AD" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CAB33FC5C6BF830C6222DBF39578FF64" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid cavefishes" year="1960">Poulson (1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2FF46C02E0FB298080549F66399890E8" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 290" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes." url="10.2307/2423056" volume="70" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided the most significant study on the ecology of the species described herein as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB232AED34DAB315675F93184B9850B6" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
based primarily on cave populations near Mitchell in Lawrence County, Indiana, which is reviewed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F43D31076AAF534F14C694C705ED79AE" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A1529323FC396E1EF5BA6A4A3B02CB4" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a well-defined annual reproductive cycle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A5C7331048F8FF1AA0788284B3391D6" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 290" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes." url="10.2307/2423056" volume="70" year="1963">Poulson 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C5BD60864F1DF789BBD693B0D12E51B" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Breeding presumably occurs during high water levels from February through April. Females brood eggs in their branchial cavities until hatching and continue to care for fry until yolk reserves are depleted 4-5 months later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3366C32FDF4D08AA41A6F4B0FCAE7BD3" author="Eigenmann, CH" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution of Washington, Norwood, Mass., USA" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" title="Cave Vertebrates of America: A Study in Degenerative Evolution" year="1909">Eigenmann 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0007928FA8BB7AE07E2F11A7210F85" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fry appear in late summer into early autumn. Growth rates are estimated at 1.0 mm month-1 but decline with age (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="76AF076F33B803307A29E6C46DA5DB70" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sexually maturity is likely reached in 3-4 years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B90E1FD8CE086138C76B2808874599E" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 290" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes." url="10.2307/2423056" volume="70" year="1963">Poulson 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Longevity is unknown but estimated to be at least 12-15 years (but perhaps 20+ years) based on growth rates and scale formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D19019F4852C43254E1ABB1CB70EAC8C" author="Lovis, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" title="Age, growth and fin erosion of the northern cavefish Amblyopsis spelaea in Kentucky and Indiana." year="1999">Louis 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8659FDABC337AF95EE1CDA7E3060265" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Documented prey of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04335B3260FAB092200E72E23A347ED2" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis hoosieri" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoosieri">Amblyopsis hoosieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes copepods, isopods, and amphipods. Larger individuals will feed on small crayfish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41EE8F757DC3EF6429F008FF8560785F" author="Poulson, TL" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 290" title="Cave adaptation in amblyopsid fishes." url="10.2307/2423056" volume="70" year="1963">Poulson 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B61B9E71AD1C35E93B01CC5C0641672" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Predators have not been documented in nature and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="26F34F52591B27FD23DF234B58FE640A" originalValue="it’s">it's</normalizedToken>
|
||
thought that individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FFBC535DD25900B024C7EF738BF9CD7" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Amblyopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopsis" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amblyopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are one of the top predators in cave systems they inhabit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9743AFF6062933CBB3CCD31BB798F1DE" author="Niemiller, ML" editor="Trajano, E" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" pagination="169 - 280" title="The Biology of Subterranean Fishes" url="10.1201/EBK1578086702-c7" year="2010">Niemiller and Poulson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |