treatments-xml/data/9A/E9/C4/9AE9C4BDF1895F2C87FBFFF88EE96563.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46e97937-ae1b-4fa5-92a3-abdb7474784d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223358" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E49FE28F84D353F6ADDF2598DB8661F2" ID-ZooBank="2AD03B672D3B4B03A37359854A506F3E" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2482E3D0-F1D5-443E-B236-BB1AEA235979" ModsDocID="1860-1324-68-1-81" checkinTime="1621372287656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Skartveit, John" docDate="2021" docId="9AE9C4BDF1895F2C87FBFFF88EE96563" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 68(1): 81-99" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1)" docPubDate="2021-01-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611" docTitle="Bibio succineus Skartveit 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2482E3D0-F1D5-443E-B236-BB1AEA235979" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="E49FE28F84D353F6ADDF2598DB8661F2" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="E49FE28F84D353F6ADDF2598DB8661F2" masterDocTitle="A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1643427741696" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new fossil species of the genus Bibio, with an update on bibionid flies from Baltic and Rovno amber (Diptera, Bibionidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-3399</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>NLA University College Bergen, P. O. Box 74 Sandviken, N- 5812 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">john.skartveit@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-01-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>81</mods:start>
<mods:end>99</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.60611</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-81</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2AD03B672D3B4B03A37359854A506F3E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E49FE28F84D353F6ADDF2598DB8661F2</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223358" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2482E3D0-F1D5-443E-B236-BB1AEA235979" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AE9C4BDF1895F2C87FBFFF88EE96563" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2482E3D0-F1D5-443E-B236-BB1AEA235979" authority="Skartveit, 2021" authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio succineus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succineus" status="sp. nov.">Bibio succineus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Bibio succineus sp. nov., holotype, male. JS-Baltic- 009. Photo: Marius Veta." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501938" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figs 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, wing. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501954" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 24</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, head and thorax. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501955" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 25</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, fore tibia. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501956" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 26</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, hind leg. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501957" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 27</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Bibio succineus sp. nov., female, fore leg. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501958" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Holotype (male), SDEI Dip-00900 - JS-Baltic-009. The specimen is preserved in a piece of yellowish amber, 30
<normalizedToken originalValue="×17×">x17x</normalizedToken>
6 mm. Syn-inclusion: one sciarid gnat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Additional material</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
(female) Coll. Kernegger 59/2006. The specimen was briefly described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="3 - 42" publicationUrl="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" refId="B17" refString="Skartveit, J, 2009. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica 15: 3 - 42, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber." url="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Hesperinidae-and-Bibionidae-from-Baltic-und-Skartveit/8a66c7b3395105af96038cffb34b8927486a7c60" volume="15" year="2009">Skartveit (2009</bibRefCitation>
: 26-27).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Comparison to other species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Four species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described from the Eocene/Oligocene of Isle of Wight (
<bibRefCitation author="Krzeminski, W" journalOrPublisher="2), Nematocera and Lower Brachycera. Science Herald, Budapest" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" publicationUrl="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/true-flies-insecta-diptera-from-the-late-eocene-insect-limestone-bembridge-marls-of-the-isle-of-wight-england-uk/CB07CDF0AD64CEE43AA145211EB15EE4" refId="B9" refString="Krzeminski, W, Blagoderov, V, Azar, D, Lukashevich, E, Szadziewski, R, Wedmann, S, Nel, A, Collomb, F-M, Waller, A, Nicholson, DB, 2019. True flies (Insecta: Diptera) from the late Eocene insect limestone (Bembridge Marls) of Isle of Wight, England. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1-60. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/true-flies-insecta-diptera-from-the-late-eocene-insect-limestone-bembridge-marls-of-the-isle-of-wight-england-uk/CB07CDF0AD64CEE43AA145211EB15EE4" title="True flies (Insecta: Diptera) from the late Eocene insect limestone (Bembridge Marls) of Isle of Wight, England. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1 - 60." url="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/true-flies-insecta-diptera-from-the-late-eocene-insect-limestone-bembridge-marls-of-the-isle-of-wight-england-uk/CB07CDF0AD64CEE43AA145211EB15EE4" year="2019">Krzeminski et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Of these, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio gurnetensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurnetensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio gurnetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1917 and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio oblitus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio oblitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1921 both have crossvein R-M much longer than the basal Rs, this character suggests the species belong in the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Dilophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilophus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Dilophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though, not having seen the original material, I will not make a formal transfer here. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio extremus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="extremus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio extremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1921 differs from the present species in that the basal part of Rs is quite steep and that crossvein M-Cu meets M2 considerably distally of furcation. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio oligocenus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligocenus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio oligocenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1917, which despite the name was described from the late Eocene, differs from the present species by being larger (wing length 8 mm) with a conspicuously darkened costal cell in the wing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The epithet is derived from Latin 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">succinum</emphasis>
, amber, referring to the preservation of the type specimen. It is the first species of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from amber fossils.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
A medium-sized 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, body length about 7.5 mm. Body and legs entirely black, densely pilose, pile on thorax and abdomen pale, black on legs. Antennal flagellum 8-9-segmented. Haltere pale brown. Wing light brownish fumose in male, brown fumose in female, pterostigma pale and indistinctive, radial sector about four times as long as R-M. Fore tibia with spur a little less than half as long as spine. Hind tarsus not enlarged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Male</emphasis>
(N = 1): Total length 7.5 mm, entirely black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Head (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, head and thorax. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501955" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">25</figureCitation>
): Length 1.37 mm, width not possible to measure. Complex eye with rather dense, pale, fine, medium-length intraocular pile. Ocellar tubercle not prominent, with short, dark setae. Rostrum not prominent. Antenna: flagellum 8-segmented, 0.53 mm long, 0.13 mm wide. Two distal palp segments slender (more basal segments not possible to see).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Thorax: Length 2.2 mm, black, very shiny. Pile pale, anteriorly rather short, getting longer in posterior part, sides of mesonotum and pleurae with long but rather sparse, pale pile. Sides of mesonotum with rather coarse, mesh-like microsculpture. Scutellum rounded with long, pale, proclinate setae along edge. Meron very shiny, in upper corner with about 20 long, pale hairs. Haltere pale brown, not possible to see well.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Wing (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, wing. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501954" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">24</figureCitation>
): Length 5.6 mm, width 1.9 mm, length/width = 2.92. Slightly brownish fumose, Costa and R1 light brown, posterior veins colourless. Pterostigma pale brown, inconspicuous, 0.45 mm long, 0.15 mm wide. Membrane without conspicuous microtrichia. Costa extends to apex of R4+5. Humeral vein present, fine and oblique. Subcosta weak, visible only in distal part. Basal radial sector about four times as long as crossvein R-M, M curves towards R1 at R-M. M basally clearly connected to CuA. M-Cu oblique, meets M at furcation. CuA1 apically moderately, CuA2 strongly curved basad. Vein lengths, all in mm: Basal R 2.51, distal R1 1.20, Rs 0.39, R4+5 2.63, R-M 0.09, basal M 1.80, distal M 0.94, M1 1.95, M2 1.73, M-CuA 0.38, CuA 1.13, CuA1 2.51, CuA2 1.91.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Legs: Black, clothed with short, strong, dark setae. Fore tibia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, fore tibia. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501956" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">26</figureCitation>
) with spur about half as long as spine. Hind femur (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Bibio succineus sp. nov., female, fore leg. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501958" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">28</figureCitation>
) basally thin, expanding at about 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
of length, outer part stocky. Hind tibia rather slender, densely pilose, apparently without bare field of sensillae. Tarsus slender. Fore femur length 1.24 mm, width 0.32 mm, hind femur length 2.29 mm, width 0.41 mm, hind tibia length 2.25 mm, width 0.26 mm, hind first tarsomere 0.63 mm long, 0.18 mm wide, hind second to fifth tarsomeres length 0.38, 0.28, 0.23, 0.37 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Abdomen: Black, clothed with rather short, fine, pale pile.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Terminalia: Gonostylus apically slender, rather straight. Hypopygium otherwise not possible to see.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Female</emphasis>
(tentatively associated, N = 1): Total length 7.5 mm, entirely black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Head: Antennal flagellum 9-segmented. Occiput with short, dark setae. Complex eye rather small, rounded, with short, scattered, brownish intraocular pile.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Thorax: Mesonotum length 1.9 mm. Covered by Verlumung in the specimen available. Haltere yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Wing: Brown fumose, membrane without microtrichia. Costa and R-veins brown, more posterior veins colourless. Basal radial sector about five times as long as crossvein R-M</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Legs: black, rather stout. Length of fore femur 1.5 mm, width 0.5 mm, length of fore tibia 1.4 mm, of hind tibia 2.2 mm. Fore tibia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Bibio succineus sp. nov., male, hind leg. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501957" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">27</figureCitation>
) with spine about three times as long as spur, this is stout, straight and pointed. The tibia is clothed with quite long, fine setae and has a field of rounded coeloconical sensillae in the middle of the anterior face. The tarsi are quite slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Abdomen: cylindrical, no details possible to see.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Terminalia: no details possible to see.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.68.60611.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/501938" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bibio succineus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bibio succineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype, male. JS-Baltic-009. Photo: Marius Veta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>