401 lines
61 KiB
XML
401 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="5630079703BBB7F1EFB72A6CEDC2C9B1" ID-CLB-Dataset="8472" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4853.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fc01d1c-8a2e-489e-aaa0-ec638b5cac93" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411080" ID-ZooBank="ADA1ACB9-7F99-40D0-B6B8-DBF420967808" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609605532636" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cranston, Peter S." docDate="2020" docId="7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4853.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4853 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paucispinigera approximata Freeman" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="534" masterDocId="8F60B25CE913FFBAF15BE54D3B48FFBA" masterDocTitle="Life histories of Paucispinigera Freeman, Paraborniella Freeman and Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with phylogenetic considerations" masterLastPageNumber="547" masterPageNumber="527" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1698851323626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7BF8DDD65372D9C8237D058132D209D7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BBA5D38D73286B90296165766C020784">
|
||
<mods:title id="7A1620A345D77F8BDC2FCC4F0F2BF9E6">Life histories of Paucispinigera Freeman, Paraborniella Freeman and Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with phylogenetic considerations</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B4B0094E99A330AC48A9307DE9B32804" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F7DB04F5D322ECEF3484619531315A64">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0A85D82984A9C3CCA8AC7E02F91D5602">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7208241C4EF954254CC7625CA67F1EF3">Cranston, Peter S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="50EFFC71F9E74D327512AD435FE55D7B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2A6EAA502CD39651FF15ACE645092472" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C38EE20F901219B97CBF4D916EEC843C">
|
||
<mods:title id="B26356F1699DDE6DB8EFEAE45662C9BD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2AC6C6B1F89E9601537AB79B443904FF">
|
||
<mods:date id="3F6E4CEDECBC02F70E344A05DB907774">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1D620CA2573DA4DC6786BD8DA3FBD613" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="BF2004465D55E75C4A99C3F5B67EDFBC">2020-09-24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="33EE2F41C43DA9FBF02CF32555A0A488" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="DF2EEDBE28F2562C868B96B645F6FF12">4853</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="02C20A2456AFE1E7DA434E9631FF2CD4" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="7EB299AAB87A0D11048FCE6341362714">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="EFC463D6536DE037179D23684F975A0F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="3DA772E1107CF389DC100156E01B9C5A">527</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="38DCED405DEE4D0BF678B823F9DBD4A2">547</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1F955EDA59CAB565369F9FAC9CD99049">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C01A26AFC7EA3AD165D6F7F460A1E982" type="CLB-Dataset">8472</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7679D3E30F723A0BA4B077391C4E7FF1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4853.4.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7295DB865CDFAD464BD101252C93F2EF" type="GBIF-Dataset">9fc01d1c-8a2e-489e-aaa0-ec638b5cac93</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8AD53684CEFEB17F4EC04CD509E240EE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5EFB2590465B2AC052DF918465C3ABB3" type="Zenodo-Dep">4411080</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B5FD8F030814302807F9AC11F4024548" type="ZooBank">ADA1ACB9-7F99-40D0-B6B8-DBF420967808</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4410969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177209984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4410969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E911FFB8F1CCE04A392EFA9B" box="[151,614,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F1CCE04A392EFA9B" blockId="2.[151,614,1287,1349]" box="[151,614,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<heading id="A007CC5EE911FFB8F1CCE04A392EFA9B" bold="true" box="[151,614,1287,1313]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E911FFB8F1CCE04A392EFA9B" ID-CoL="6TTQS" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" box="[151,614,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F1CCE04A392EFA9B" bold="true" box="[151,614,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F1CCE04A3AA6FA9B" bold="true" box="[151,494,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Paucispinigera approximata</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E911FFB8F1CCE0663A43FAFF" box="[151,267,1323,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F1CCE0663A43FAFF" blockId="2.[151,614,1287,1349]" box="[151,267,1323,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E911FFB8F1C4E0663A4AFAFF" box="[159,258,1323,1349]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetBox-1="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetBox-2="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId-0="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E911FFB8F1CCE03D39C3FA32" box="[151,651,1391,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F1CCE03D39C3FA32" blockId="2.[151,651,1391,1416]" box="[151,651,1391,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DBE05C1CE911FFB8F1CCE03D39C3FA32" box="[151,651,1391,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7A515D23E911FFB8F1CCE03D39CFFA32" author="Freeman, P." box="[151,647,1391,1416]" page="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" year="1959">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E911FFB8F1CCE03D39CFFA32" ID-CoL="6TTQS" authority="Freeman 1959: 428" authorityName="Freeman" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,647,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F1CCE03D3AF1FA3D" box="[151,441,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Paucispinigera approximata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E911FFB8F0E4E03D39CFFA32" author="Freeman, P." box="[447,647,1391,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" pagination="333 - 437" refId="ref12628" refString="Freeman, P. (1959) A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 7, 333 - 437." type="journal article" year="1959">Freeman 1959: 428</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E911FFB8F1CCE0F83812F9A2" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F1CCE0F83812F9A2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1461,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F1CCE0F83A36FA75" bold="true" box="[151,382,1461,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE911FFB8F0C9E0FB3988FA4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749323" collectingDate="2000-02-01" collectingDateMax="2010-01-13" collectingDateMin="2000-02-01" collectionCode="MV" collectorName="Lakes N. P. & Speargrass Stream" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.806667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="172.8461" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nelson">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE911FFB8F0C9E0FB3AFFFA6A" box="[402,439,1462,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E911FFB8F09CE0FB3AAEFA6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB:FE2F2DE9E911FFB8F09CE0FB3AAEFA6A" box="[455,486,1462,1488]" name="Pe" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Pe</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE911FFB8F0B4E0FB394AFA6A" box="[495,514,1462,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E911FFB8F344E0FB3977FA6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB:FE2F2DE9E911FFB8F344E0FB3977FA6A" box="[543,575,1462,1488]" country="New Zealand" name="Pe" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Pe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E911FFB8F30BE0FB386CFA6A" box="[592,804,1462,1488]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E911FFB8F269E0FB388EFA6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E911FFBDF1CCE04A3E23FBAB:FE2F2DE9E911FFB8F269E0FB388EFA6A" box="[818,966,1462,1488]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.806667" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="172.8461" name="South Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Nelson">South Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E911FFB8F28DE0FB3F6DFA6A" box="[982,1061,1462,1488]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E911FFB8F56AE0FB3FF9FA6A" box="[1073,1201,1462,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Lakes N.P.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E911FFB8F59AE0FB3ED0FA6A" box="[1217,1432,1462,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Speargrass Stream</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E911FFB8F1CCE0973A53FA4E" box="[151,283,1498,1524]" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-41.78361">41°47’01”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E911FFB8F07CE0973AF5FA4E" box="[295,445,1498,1524]" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" precision="15" seconds="28" value="172.77444">172°46’28”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E911FFB8F095E0973979FA4E" box="[462,561,1498,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" value="2000-02-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE911FFB8F095E0973979FA4E" box="[462,561,1498,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" value="2000-02-01">1.ii.2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F31DE09739E6FA4E" box="[582,686,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Cranston</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE911FFB8F390E0973BA1F9A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749320" collectingDate="2000-02-01" collectingDateMax="2010-01-13" collectingDateMin="2000-02-01" collectionCode="MV" collectorName="Lakes N. P. & Speargrass Stream" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.806667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="172.8461" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nelson">
|
||
7L, same except
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E911FFB8F2CCE0973F53FA4E" box="[919,1051,1498,1524]" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-41.806667">41°48’24”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E911FFB8F57CE0973FF5FA4F" box="[1063,1213,1498,1525]" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" precision="15" seconds="46" value="172.8461">172°50’46”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E911FFB8F596E0973E0DFA4E" box="[1229,1349,1498,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" value="2007-06-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE911FFB8F596E0973E0DFA4E" box="[1229,1349,1498,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" value="2007-06-13">13.vi.2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(‘QUT team’);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE911FFB8F1B4E0B33812F9A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749324" box="[239,858,1534,1560]" collectingDate="2000-02-01" collectingDateMax="2010-01-13" collectingDateMin="2000-02-01" collectionCode="MV" collectorName="Lakes N. P. & Speargrass Stream" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.806667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="172.8461" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nelson">
|
||
L, same except
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E911FFB8F0C4E0B33971F9A2" box="[415,569,1534,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" value="2010-01-11" valueMax="2010-01-13" valueMin="2010-01-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE911FFB8F0C4E0B33971F9A2" box="[415,569,1534,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" value="2010-01-11" valueMax="2010-01-13" valueMin="2010-01-11">11 –13.i.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F312E0B339F9F9A2" box="[585,689,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Cranston</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectionCode id="9DE1E3F7E911FFB8F39AE0B339A6F9A2" box="[705,750,1534,1560]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">MV</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E911FFB8F3AEE0B33856F9A2" box="[757,798,1534,1560]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">NZ</collectingCountry>
|
||
10–2.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E911FFBDF19CE36C3FDFFEDF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="2" pageNumber="529" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F19CE36C3874F912" blockId="2.[151,1437,1461,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E911FFB8F19CE36C3AA1F986" bold="true" box="[199,489,1569,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Description. Adult Male</emphasis>
|
||
(n=2). Body length 2.5–3.0 mm, wing length 2.2 [2–2.6] mm. Wing hyaline, plain. Slide mounted colour: thorax yellow-brown with darker postnotum, legs plain [“green with reddish thoracic markings ... head and antennal pedicel yellow, palpi darker .... thorax yellowish-green with reddish strips, postnotum and sternopleuron ... legs pale yellow ..... abdomen plain green”]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F19CE3FF3F81F976" blockId="2.[151,1437,1461,2028]" box="[199,1225,1713,1746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
Antenna. With 13 flagellomeres; Fl
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E911FFB8F308E3893939F968" attach="left" box="[595,625,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">1-12</subScript>
|
||
500–510, Fl
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E911FFB8F3A7E3893844F968" attach="left" box="[764,780,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">13</subScript>
|
||
, 560–570; Antennal ratio 1.1–1.2 [1.3].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F19CE39B3E1DF882" blockId="2.[151,1437,1461,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Head. Eye bare, with dorsomedial parallel-sided extension 5 ommatidia long, separated medially by width of 8 ommatidia. Temporals 10–12 uniserial; clypeals 7–8. Frontal tubercles absent. Palp 5-segmented, segment 2 globular, segments 3 and 4 approximately equal in length, 5th long (250 μm); segment 3 apparently lacks sensilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB8F19CE20F390EF872" blockId="2.[151,1437,1461,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Thorax. Antepronotal lobes tapered dorsally, medially divided at notch, without lateral antepronotal setae. Scutum not overreaching antepronotum, smoothly curved in profile. Without any humeral pit. Ac (c. 12) partially biserial, starting from front, ending just anterior to scutellum; 6–7 uniserial Dc each arising from pale spot, absent from humeral area; 3 Pa; 6–8 uniserial Scts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E911FFB9F19CE29F3FCEFF6F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1461,2028]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">
|
||
Wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E911FFB8F048E29F3AC2F856" box="[275,394,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Membrane without setae or microtrichia. Anal lobe weakly developed.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E911FFB8F5EAE29F3FB9F856" box="[1201,1265,2002,2028]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="529">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
ends at apex of long R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F1B9E5E43BB4FF0D" attach="left" box="[226,252,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">4+5</subScript>
|
||
terminating at wing tip, close to apex of M
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F381E5E439BCFF0D" attach="left" box="[730,756,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">1+2</subScript>
|
||
; R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F24EE5E43866FF0D" attach="left" box="[789,814,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">2+3</subScript>
|
||
tracking close to R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F55EE5E43F5AFF0D" attach="left" box="[1029,1042,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">1.</subScript>
|
||
FCu distal to RM with VR 1.3–1.4. Brachiolum with 2 setae. R, R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F0B2E5803AB9FF61" attach="left" box="[489,497,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">1</subScript>
|
||
, R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F349E5803964FF61" attach="left" box="[530,556,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and distal half of M
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F24BE5803861FF61" attach="left" box="[784,809,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">1+2</subScript>
|
||
setose. Squama bare [fringed].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE5923AEEFEDF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Leg. Apex of fore Ti with rounded scale, without spur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F217E59238EEFF43" box="[844,934,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mid and hind Ti apically with two nearly contiguous combs occupying about 60% circumference, one comb with curved spur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F53CE44E3F89FEA7" box="[1127,1217,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), the other without spur. Only teneral LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F0CBE4743AD0FEFD" attach="left" box="[400,408,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">1</subScript>
|
||
available, c. 1.2 [1.3]. Pulvilli absent [only visible in slide preparations and not divided]; empodium well formed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE4223832FE33" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,890,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Abdomen. Tergites I–VII with few irregularly scattered setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE4DE3A1DFCAC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Hypopygium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F032E4DE3A93FE17" box="[361,475,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal tergite without evident bands, mictrotrichiose to base of anal point, with median anal tergite setae represented by few small setal bases; few short basal-lateral setae on submargin of tergite IX. Anal point near continuous taper from anal tergite margin, short, bare apically, with rounded apex. Superior volsella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F434E4963BFEFDA3" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
) broadly digitiform (‘fat finger’), abruptly narrowed distally to curved hook, with coarse microtrichia basally, with 2-3 stronger setae dorsally, 2 medially-directed on inner surface, bare apically. Median volsella with distinct stem, distally with 3-5 long simple narrow taeniae, directed medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F2FAE70A38BCFDDB" box="[929,1012,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-123@4.[151,1436,417,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from Freeman (1959)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inferior volsella fused to gonocoxite in basal 1/3, becoming subglobular, extending beyond gonocoxite apex, microtrichiose apico-ventrally, apically with medial to dorsomedial directed, simple setae, without any differentiated apical seta. Gonostylus sickle-shaped or ‘allantoid’, inward curving with rounded apex bearing a small ‘megaseta’ (i.e. seemingly with ‘socket-base’) or simple point. Transverse sternapodeme and phallapodeme (not illustrated) very pale, indistinct (hypopygia examined are teneral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE65338DCFCE7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E910FFB9F19CE6533A2AFC82" bold="true" box="[199,354,798,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(described briefly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E910FFB9F300E652384CFC83" author="Freeman, P." box="[603,772,798,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530" pagination="333 - 437" refId="ref12628" refString="Freeman, P. (1959) A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 7, 333 - 437." type="journal article" year="1959">Freeman, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (n=0). Distinguished by bare squama, wing veins R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F40DE67C3E38FC85" attach="left" box="[1366,1392,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F1EBE6183B82FCD9" attach="left" box="[176,202,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">3+4</subScript>
|
||
ending close at wing apex; all R veins and both M veins setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE62A388DFC1F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E910FFB9F19CE62A3A4DFC3B" bold="true" box="[199,261,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(n=8). Medium-sized, c. 4.5–5.0 mm long. Thorax and cephalic area pale golden brown, abdomen pale hyaline with indication of darker golden apophyses, comb and anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE6E23E03FBC7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome weakly wrinkled, without cephalic tubercles or frontal warts; frontal setae (90 μm) located on short, sometimes pointed tubercle (5 μm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F278E69E3835FC57" box="[803,893,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Detail of thoracic horn difficult to interpret but with plump, spinose, basal stem (c. 100 μm long), divided into few, possibly only 2, maximally 4, hyaline branches; basal ring small, oval and with modest tracheal ‘bundle’. Median suture rugulose with small scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F5B8E1563E72FB8F" box="[1251,1338,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prealar tubercle absent. Antepronotum with 1 median, 0 lateral setae; 2 precorneals; dorsocentrals (Dc) each c. 50 μm long with Dc1 and Dc
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F00DE1383A16FB39" attach="left" box="[342,350,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">2</subScript>
|
||
, approximated and well separated (250 μm) from also closely approximated Dc
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F586E1383FADFB39" attach="left" box="[1245,1253,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">3</subScript>
|
||
and Dc
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E910FFB9F467E1383E0CFB39" attach="left" box="[1340,1348,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">4</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE1CA39A8F9B3" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F01EE1CA3AD5FB1B" box="[325,413,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite I bare, II–VI each with extensive subquadrate spinule patch without stronger anterior or posterior bands; T VII–VIII and anal segment bare. Tergite II hook row continuous, comprising 20–25 hooks, 25–30% width of segment II. Narrow transverse spinule bands on conjunctives III and IV. Segment V with fine pale spinules in patch on posterolateral of pleura (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F393E1BE386BFAB7" box="[712,803,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternites III–VI with fine spinules (max. length 6 μm), extensive on III, with at least anteromedian patch on IV–VI; remainder bare. Vortex on IV. Pedes spurii B strong, on segment II only. Posterolateral corner of segment VIII (‘comb’) with golden–brown teeth, posteriormost tooth dominant, with 2–4 shorter, curved, pointed teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F390E0123853FAC3" box="[715,795,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apophyses weak. Segment I with 2D, 3V and without L setae; II with 3D, 3V and 3 L; III with 4D, 3V and 3L; IV–VII with 5D, 3–5 V and 4 taeniate LS, VIII with 4 taeniate LS. O setae very fine, present definitively on TII–V, uncertain otherwise, but at least on SIII. Anal lobe elongate semicircular with uneven uni-biserial fringe of 22–27 taeniae, with fine dorsal seta. Genital sac of male extends beyond anal lobes, of female unknown or male-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE35E39FCF9CF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E910FFB9F19CE35E3A58F997" bold="true" box="[199,272,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(4th instar) (n=5). Body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F370E35E39CAF997" box="[555,642,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) pink-red in life
|
||
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E910FFB9F261E35F38E3F997" box="[826,939,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">4–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, ventral head length 350–380 μm. Head capsule yellow with golden-brown dorsomental, apical mandibular and premandibular teeth. Genae and submentum variably darkened; occipital margin broad, dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE33238DCF95B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Dorsal surface of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F08EE332396FF923" box="[469,551,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F368E332391DF923" box="[563,597,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with frontoclypeus narrowing anterior prior to subterminal flare to lateral points, without frontal pit. Cephalic S3 (clypeal) setae close to anterior margin, S2 seta on narrow granulose area, S1 on delimited labrum—all 3 setae (S1–S3) forming a tight cluster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFB9F19CE3A63E2AF8F7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F06DE3A63ADDF8BF" box="[310,405,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F0F9E3A63A8CF8BF" box="[418,452,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) 6-segmented, with segments 2 and 3 subequal, each longer than short 4th, 5th longer than 4th, 6th shortest; Lauterborn organs well developed, sessile, alternate on apices of 2nd and 3rd segments. Segment 1 with ring organ at basal third, seta absent. Blade subequal or extending slightly beyond antennal apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E910FFBEF19CE21A383BFF6F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F06AE21A3AD8F8CB" box="[305,400,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">Figs 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E910FFB9F0C6E21A3AACF8CB" box="[413,484,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="530">3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). SI arise near contiguous on fused base, broadly plumose with about 20–25 apical branches; SII arise from nearly contiguous short tubercles, apically serrate on both margins; SIII simple, short; SIV moderately developed. With 7–8 plumose chaetae. Seta praemandibularis simple. Labral lamellae a broad, single plate with fine teeth. Pecten epipharyngis comprising three separate lobes each with 2–4 rounded teeth. With 7–8 apically plumose chaetulae laterales and 2 apically branched chaetulae basales. Premandible with 4 teeth, distal pair more pointed than shorter, rounded, inner pair, with strong brush.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E917FFBEF19CE5923877FE33" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="531">
|
||
Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E917FFBEF01BE5923AD9FF43" box="[320,401,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="531">Figs 2I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E917FFBEF0C7E5923AF3FF43" box="[412,443,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="531">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with short pale dorsal tooth, larger triangular apical tooth and 2 modest inner teeth; darkened distal mola not tooth-like. Pecten mandibularis with 8–10 branches, strong, extending to margin of mandible. Seta subdentalis very elongate, arising from ventral surface of mola, significantly retracted on mola, somewhat dilate medially then narrowing to rounded apex, level with apical mandibular tooth. Mola and inner margin smooth. Seta interna densely plumose, located more basal than usual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE917FFBEF1CCE2C03F94F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411084/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="531" startId="4.[151,250,1933,1957]" targetBox="[161,1425,430,1902]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E917FFBEF1CCE2C03F94F873" blockId="4.[151,1436,1933,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E917FFBEF1CCE2C03A46F81F" bold="true" box="[151,270,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E917FFBEF047E2C339EFF81E" authority="Freeman." authorityName="Freeman." box="[284,679,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E917FFBEF047E2C33908F81F" box="[284,576,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="531">Paucispinigera approximata</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Adult male: A, B, Wing; C. Fore-leg tibial apex; D. Hind-leg tibial apex; Hypopygium: E. left side, dorsal; F. right side, stylised ventral; G. hybrid view. B, G, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E917FFBEF568E2FC3F91F873" author="Freeman, P." box="[1075,1241,1969,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="531" pagination="333 - 437" refId="ref12628" refString="Freeman, P. (1959) A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 7, 333 - 437." type="journal article" year="1959">Freeman (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE916FFBFF1CCE2DA39AAF842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="532" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E916FFBFF1CCE2DA39AAF842" blockId="5.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E916FFBFF1CCE2DA3A46F815" bold="true" box="[151,270,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E916FFBFF041E2D539ECF815" authority="Freeman." authorityName="Freeman." box="[282,676,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="532" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E916FFBFF041E2D53975F815" box="[282,573,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="532">Paucispinigera approximata</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE915FFBCF1CCE2C03ACDF854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="533" startId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" targetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E915FFBCF1CCE2C03ACDF854" blockId="6.[151,1437,1933,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E915FFBCF1CCE2C03A45F81F" bold="true" box="[151,269,1933,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="533">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E915FFBCF042E2C339D4F81F" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" box="[281,668,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E915FFBCF042E2C33973F81F" box="[281,571,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="533">Paucispinigera approximata</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E914FFBDF19CE5DA397EFEA7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Mentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E914FFBDF06DE5DA3AC3FF0B" box="[310,395,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[254,1264,250,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[211,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman. Pupa: A. Cephalic area; B. Anterior thorax, lateral; C. Abdominal tergites; D. Pleura of segment V; E. Posterolateral corner of VIII (‘comb’). Larva. F. Anterior dorsal head; G. Antenna; H. Labrumepipharynx; I. Mandible; J. Mentum, ventromental plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Figs 2J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E914FFBDF0CCE5DA3A95FF0B" box="[407,477,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with fully delimited ventromental component of 8, uneven-sized, slightly paler median teeth; dorsomentum on each side with 4 darker teeth each diminishing slightly in size laterad. Ventromental plate fan-shaped with curved anterior margin, with notch at level of dorsomental teeth, striae numerous, almost straight, fine. Setae submenti simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E914FFBDF19CE46A3FDFFEDF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E914FFBDF049E46A3ACCFEFB" box="[274,388,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,184,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[157,1430,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paucispinigera approximata Freeman, larva. A. Habitus (ethanol-preserved); B. Anterior dorsal head; C. Antenna; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. S setae, detail; F. Mandible; G. Mentum, ventromental plates, labrum-epipharynx; H. Dorsomentum, detail; I. Anterior body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Figs 3A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Without lateral or ventral tubules. Anterior parapod claws dense, fine, simple, pale; posterior parapods claws pale, simple. Procercus pale, small, as high as wide, bearing 7–8 anal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E914FFBDF19CE4233E23FBAB" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E914FFBDF19CE4233ECFFD4B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF19CE4233A04FE32" bold="true" box="[199,332,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF0ABE42239D3FE32" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" box="[496,667,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF0ABE42239D3FE32" box="[496,667,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF22DE4223F62FE33" author="Freeman, P." box="[886,1066,366,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="333 - 437" refId="ref12628" refString="Freeman, P. (1959) A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 7, 333 - 437." type="journal article" year="1959">Freeman (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E914FFBDF52BE4223E4EFE33" box="[1136,1286,367,393]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
from a small fauna lacking many genera with which to make comparisons. The Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF54BE4DE3FF8FE17" box="[1040,1200,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were under revision and to be described shortly thereafter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF31EE4FA39A3FE68" author="Freeman, P." box="[581,747,439,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref12666" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610611" type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and must have been known to him. In this context,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF460E4FA3BAAFE4F" author="Saether, O A" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref13319" refString="Saether, O A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether’s (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provisional key to female adults, using non-genitalic features for both sexes derived from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF5B1E4963ED0FE4F" author="Freeman, P." box="[1258,1432,474,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="333 - 437" refId="ref12628" refString="Freeman, P. (1959) A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 7, 333 - 437." type="journal article" year="1959">Freeman (1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF1CCE4B23B98FDA0" author="Freeman, P." box="[151,208,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref12666" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610611" type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF0DFE4B23967FDA2" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" box="[388,559,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF0DFE4B23967FDA2" box="[388,559,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF331E4B23841FDA3" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[618,777,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF331E4B23841FDA3" box="[618,777,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paraborniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains valid: squama bare, pulvilli near absent, non-extended scutum, anterior tibia with rounded scale and without spine. The distinctive wing venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF456E76E3BF4FDDA" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF456E76E3BF4FDDA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E914FFBDF043E7143A7AFDDD" attach="left" box="[280,306,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and costa extending to wing apex near an upturned apex of M
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E914FFBDF2ADE7143F58FDDD" attach="left" box="[1014,1040,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">1+2</subScript>
|
||
, and setosity of M veins continues to allow differentiation, as does the unusual ‘megaseta’ on the apex of the male gonostylus. These wing characters could be considered as autapomophic (providing no ranking information) and no additional evidence is provided by the female genitalia. As discussed below,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF3C8E7FE3876FD76" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" box="[659,830,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF3C8E7FE3876FD76" box="[659,830,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF22DE7FE3F5DFD77" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[886,1045,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF22DE7FE3F5DFD77" box="[886,1045,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paraborniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
key in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF531E7FE3E2AFD77" author="Cranston, P. S. & Dillon, M. & Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. R." box="[1130,1378,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="353 - 502" refId="ref12312" refString="Cranston, P. S., Dillon, M., Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. R. (1989) Keys and diagnoses of the adult males of the subfamily Chironominae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 34, 353 - 502." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF58CE7FE3E41FD77" box="[1239,1289,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF1CCE79A3A4AFD4B" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,258,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Apedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF1CCE79A3A4AFD4B" box="[151,258,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Apedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF062E79A3953FD4B" authorityName="Lenz. This" authorityYear="1941" box="[313,539,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paralauterborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF062E79A3953FD4B" box="[313,539,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paralauterborniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but neither are convincing given substantial differences in the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E914FFBDF19CE7B63920FC3B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Differentiation in pupae at the generic level, in contrast to the efficacy at species level, is plagued by lack of autapomorphies within excessive variation. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF3FCE65238EEFC80" author="Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F." box="[679,934,799,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="299 - 456" refId="ref13209" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1986) The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement, 28, 299 - 456." type="journal article" year="1986">Pinder & Reiss (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF56CE6523FAAFC82" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" box="[1079,1250,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF56CE6523FAAFC82" box="[1079,1250,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be keyed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF1CCE60E3A64FCE7" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,300,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF1CCE60E3A64FCE7" box="[151,300,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including with the large pedes spurii B, but differing from most in lacking cephalic tubules and warts, and in the distribution of taeniate L setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E914FFBDF19CE6C63E23FBAB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">
|
||
In the regional key of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF091E6C639D9FC1C" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[458,657,907,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="71 - 102" refId="ref12260" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2019 b) Identification guide to genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia and New Zealand. Zootaxa, 4706 (1), 71 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4646.3. 3" type="journal article" year="2019">Cranston (2019b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF27CE6C6389AFC1E" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1959" box="[807,978,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paucispinigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF27CE6C6389AFC1E" box="[807,978,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Paucispinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is separated from similar genera with a 6 segmented antenna and displaced Lauterborn organs, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF2DCE6E23F60FC73" box="[903,1064,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Microtendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF2DCE6E23F60FC73" box="[903,1064,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">Microtendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E914FFBDF563E6E23ED4FC73" box="[1080,1436,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E914FFBDF563E6E23F85FC73" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[1080,1229,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratendipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Paraskusella
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E914FFBDF1C4E69E3A00FC57" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[159,328,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="534" pagination="268 - 281" refId="ref12157" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2018) Paraskusella Cranston, a new Afro-Australian genus in the tribe Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae). Austral Entomology, 50, 268 - 281. [VoR. 15 October 2018] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12366" type="journal article" year="2018">Cranston 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by differences in the pigmentation and teeth number and relative height of the median (ventro-) mentum structure. The paired low (small) teeth in a mid-ventromentum of 8 delimited teeth appear diagnostic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |