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<mods:title id="CB9AB82DD0EBF427D99D5B3F06524EE9">Indonaiarectangularis (Tapparone-Canefri, 1889), comb. nov., a forgotten freshwater mussel species from Myanmar (Bivalvia, Unionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97D656C923B16050621214D826952381">Bolotov, Ivan N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33B2863CA9D49C2F2C238A1F05336D5A">Vikhrev, Ilya V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D684202597516F234F37AA51184C2897">Mikhail Y. Gofarov,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E707F608C51EB0426DA0D21D5E38A78">Konopleva, Ekaterina S.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="096EADDF8AB2C3348AEB5F3882B2F86A" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="101575E8E06D551502C0258FF2FD8831" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="CB715E359FE5C23A6A309E672DCBD527" ID-CoL="8MWTV" authority="Tapparone-Canefri, 1889" authorityName="Tapparone-Canefri" authorityYear="1889" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Indonaia rectangularis (Tapparone-Canefri, 1889)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5FA3F5A06E243A6F3671EEB4C03AFF0" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 1
<normalizedToken id="D65F585EE05B196689D3DFD2625F951C" originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E77DEC52A87A8777577D683CC7DED55" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="046FE544A68F1A790A618DA858B31A17" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
=
<taxonomicName id="AEF4F96DF9D39AEDFD1B0F21AB0FA9EE" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unio rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Unio rectangularis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="D92C51AA2A3DED6219474D8D72DAF15D" author="Tapparone-Canefri, C" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genova" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="295 - 359" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVIII. Molluschi terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="27" year="1889">Tapparone-Canefri 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 354.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4302D8367E9C3E0A7B3430C142FF060" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
=
<taxonomicName id="CCAF48DF627CF596C9B2CAF30265788A" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Margaritanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Margaritanopsis rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Margaritanopsis rectangularis</taxonomicName>
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1889). -
<bibRefCitation id="B4113341B3E6D543D2724AF9D68A8AFB" author="Prashad, B" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="91 - 111" title="A revision of the Burmese Unionidae." volume="24" year="1922">Prashad 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 93, pl. 2, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8B4B2E6789FA383DBA6DBA30B2E0CC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F3102848C8E73A7B96878856EB08429B" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E84F3CDC75A26E0AEC6F58B319779A60" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Holotype in MSNG, without ID number (Fig. 1
<normalizedToken id="79A57EB61E0AF9970FB909ACECF9F318" originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Original label: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="8C57D81A6FE89A4A31B3C00F23D059EF" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unio rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Unio rectangularis</taxonomicName>
Tapp. Can. Teinzo, Mti E. di Bhamo (L. Fea)&quot; (Fig. 1D). Secondary labels: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="FF12FE21FB6D0907294C4E7D9E663A3D" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Margaritanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Margaritanopsis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Margaritanopsis</taxonomicName>
var.? juv. detto B. Prashad!&quot; (Fig. 1E) and &quot;
<taxonomicName id="EC96010615DA413FF94479093533E247" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Margaritanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Margaritanopsis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Margaritanopsis</taxonomicName>
var.? Young specimen&quot; (Fig. 1F). The original label does not have a collecting date, but
<normalizedToken id="0A57D2910C57677C9699D2CBF2A37BA9" originalValue="Feas">Fea's</normalizedToken>
sample of another freshwater mussel species from Teinzo residing in the MSNG is dated &quot;Marzo 1886&quot; that may also be applicable to the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="02132ECD0E814A49B4FEB1354921DB60" lsidName="U. rectangularis" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="rectangularis">U. rectangularis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C5A6A806F278171DED0153B6D13856A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="54A81E70C80EE54B608FC027D4DBE4A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Figure 1. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="0EDC4E1D141FC3DBBF65746643CD8726" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Indonaia rectangularis</taxonomicName>
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1889), comb. nov. [MSNG]. A, B Shell, lateral view: inner side of the left valve and outer side of the right valve (A); vice versa (B) C shell, dorsal view D original label [probably by C.M. Tapparone-Canefri] E, F secondary labels [probably by B. Prashad]. Scale bar: 5 mm. (Photos: Ilya V. Vikhrev).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<subSubSection id="47156F2DEA8D0D2244FEB37AA99EFF58" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="6271A76D6D9BDD5D691F88DDDC6576F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0C687277DE32E060E6734C94C095986" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Teinzo (presently Teinthaw village),
<geoCoordinate id="D95F6D06B1BA96FDC67D646EDB80282E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="24.3978">24.3978N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="62D845ED5DDC0C2FF684830ED9FDB9FF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="97.2519">97.2519E</geoCoordinate>
, Moolay River (Mole Chaung in Burmese), hills E of Bhamo (L. Fea), alt. 110 m a.s.l., Ayeyarwady Basin, Myanmar (
<bibRefCitation id="AAC863FD7A0B66BB9F7892703C8B114E" author="Tapparone-Canefri, C" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genova" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="295 - 359" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVIII. Molluschi terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="27" year="1889">Tapparone-Canefri 1889</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C8D90F2600676A2E2006A59219A4FE2" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C84B5A856941FFE94A224D5A481FB073" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF180D23A2C7EF7244CF7BD7FD2E2D0B" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
As
<bibRefCitation id="A6986EEC945F3B1BEDA049ABB018774C" author="Tapparone-Canefri, C" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genova" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="295 - 359" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVIII. Molluschi terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="27" year="1889">Tapparone-Canefri (1889)</bibRefCitation>
stated, the shell of
<taxonomicName id="E60C3E3A5CF4990D4FB031CB8DC23507" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Indonaia rectangularis</taxonomicName>
is not similar to any other freshwater mussel species known from Myanmar. This species cannot be mistaken with the two congeners,
<taxonomicName id="CB07FF5C896FE99E49C80165B4527F31" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia andersoniana" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="andersoniana">Indonaia andersoniana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="431C608087F6F887224B08A9EE14AD4B" lsidName="I. subclathrata" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="subclathrata">I. subclathrata</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2), that were described from the Ayeyarwady Basin. Both these species differ from
<taxonomicName id="66FE556A2CF558F88F65A3CE1CB7D6FD" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Indonaia rectangularis</taxonomicName>
by a more elongated shell and less developed lateral, and pseudocardinal teeth. The pseudocardinal teeth in
<taxonomicName id="F3DF88ED03F6D44BC60B6261BF86AB4A" lsidName="I. rectangularis" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="rectangularis">I. rectangularis</taxonomicName>
are lamellar, thick, and very elongated. Additionally, a unique feature of
<taxonomicName id="AB5AEEAA94227A12793C4F53B69E953E" lsidName="I. rectangularis" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="rectangularis">I. rectangularis</taxonomicName>
is the presence of regular ridges crossing the growth lines in the posterior-dorsal area forming a clear rectangular pattern that was never seen in other species (Fig. 1C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="46A463B0A8474942110BC0577625FA49" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="1D63EC3A4D04A870EF580E59968ABCD2" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Figure 2. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E35C5D78B5187CCA2352456DE202B5AA" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia andersoniana" order="Unionida" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="andersoniana">Indonaia andersoniana</taxonomicName>
(Nevill, 1877) and
<taxonomicName id="004F26E02FB8FBB042495FF2EBF16355" lsidName="I. subclathrata" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="subclathrata">I. subclathrata</taxonomicName>
(Martens, 1899) from Myanmar [RMBH biv450_2 and RMBH biv347_2, respectively]. A, B Shell of
<taxonomicName id="151C9F63D4EEC6DB46C2A29C023EBAA6" lsidName="I. andersoniana" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="andersoniana">I. andersoniana</taxonomicName>
, lateral view: inner side of the left valve and outer side of the right valve (A); vice versa (B) C shell of
<taxonomicName id="8993DD69AA532012208D172615FFCB21" lsidName="I. andersoniana" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="andersoniana">I. andersoniana</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view D, E shell of
<taxonomicName id="6EB9DAE47BB0303B28E4834B215BE33A" lsidName="I. subclathrata" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="subclathrata">I. subclathrata</taxonomicName>
, lateral view: inner side of the left valve and outer side of the right valve (D); vice versa (E) F shell of
<taxonomicName id="3D2822FCF4EA024CDE1D5AB6FE310DF8" lsidName="I. subclathrata" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="subclathrata">I. subclathrata</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view. Scale bar: 5 mm. (Photos: Ekaterina S. Konopleva).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9AAB22A87374EB73CB234C5DE0BFFE3A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="387ACE088D12301C77A21AEEA85B0316" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E692CE891A18805D0974343BEA1931F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Shell length 34.2 mm, height 20.4 mm, width 16.2 mm. Shell thick, obovate, inequilateral, with broader posterior side. Dorsal margin slightly convex. Ventral margin nearly straight. Anterior margin rounded. Posterior margin slightly
<pageBreakToken id="F2275F220A4AD353C5AC0E3F514F3A9E" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="start">elevated</pageBreakToken>
posteriorly, with an inconspicuous wing. Umbo prominent, elevated, rounded, slightly eroded. Shell surface mostly smooth. In the posterior-dorsal area, regular ridges cross the growth lines and form a clear rectangular pattern. In the anterior-dorsal area, curved, lamella-like ridges closely spaced along growth lines. Periostracum light olive-brown, with two parallel, slightly curved green bands along posterior-dorsal area; inner band with a broad greenish extension posteriorly. Nacre silver-white. Umbo cavity deep. Anterior adductor scar round, shallow but well marked. Posterior adductor scar oval, very shallow, unclear. Mantle attachment scars absent. Pseudocardinal teeth are thick, lamella-like, very elongated, two teeth in the right valve and one tooth in the left valve. Lateral teeth well developed, thick, elongated and straight, one tooth in the right valve and two teeth in the left valve. Soft body morphology and anatomy unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E06081502A6B15B867609F78F5FBE998" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="DC10C4777709ADABD7B71B8EA5FB41D2" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8BD154573690F6AEE384A85BFEC9D0D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="808D3BC3E3C97CB83066BF1BBFE2648D" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unio rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Unio rectangularis</taxonomicName>
was originally described based on a single specimen with a shell 34.2 mm long, 20 mm high and 16 mm wide (
<bibRefCitation id="050628FCEF74A2F8E537A602F05A1F44" author="Tapparone-Canefri, C" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genova" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="295 - 359" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVIII. Molluschi terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="27" year="1889">Tapparone-Canefri 1889</bibRefCitation>
). The single
<pageBreakToken id="4731C143797EFD36E50A31A2E4A1DCA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" start="start">shell</pageBreakToken>
labelled as
<taxonomicName id="CED56A6D270701F6A5AD7043A26AFAFE" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unio rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Unio rectangularis</taxonomicName>
and deposited in the MSNG studied here corresponds in dimensions to the specimen described by Tapparone-Canefri. The original label (Fig. 1D) also affirms that this shell is the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="FFFB6BF8FF170750A037188BF68895BC" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unio rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Unio rectangularis</taxonomicName>
designated by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB47927562A6B751C622CD696A98D95" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="97DF0DEBD9B5E24350A0668545865E13" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF04D4AFD1E132EC7B2492B7DC660E94" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
This species is known only from the type locality, a tributary of the Ayeyarwady River (Fig. 3). It appears to be a rather restricted and rare species, because it has not been recorded since the original description, even during a recent broad-scale survey of freshwater mussels in Myanmar (
<bibRefCitation id="A70864816A8B1429F05823C9117DF79A" author="Bolotov, IN" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 18" title="New taxa of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from a species-rich but overlooked evolutionary hotspot in Southeast Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11957-9" volume="7" year="2017 a">Bolotov et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3EA718F826EB27F77E0E712480B21CB" author="Bolotov, IN" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 14" title="Ancient river inference explains exceptional Oriental freshwater mussel radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02312-z" volume="7" year="2017 b">b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E31D3D1C58247C441349447FBAC5F9BA" author="Bolotov, IN" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 12" title="A new genus and tribe of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) from Southeast Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28385-y" volume="8" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F4C43703AE4033650A15DC315DEBBDEC" author="Konopleva, ES" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 14" title="A new genus and two new species of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from western Indochina." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39365-1" volume="9" year="2019">Konopleva et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). However, there has been no studies on freshwater mussels from the Mole River published since
<bibRefCitation id="A2DA39B277983DF05C350B24A9FEC028" author="Tapparone-Canefri, C" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genova" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" pagination="295 - 359" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVIII. Molluschi terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="27" year="1889">Tapparone-Canefri (1889)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="173809B55CA76E64FBDE1FD2C015D305" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="917C01BDAB20BCC06FC847E298E27CBE" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
Figure 3. Map of the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="8DDC142F8098A961BED17FD72F50C850" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Indonaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indonaia rectangularis" order="Unionida" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rectangularis">Indonaia rectangularis</taxonomicName>
(Tapparone-Canefri, 1889), comb. nov. (dark blue circle). The digital elevation model and other layers of the map were added from the Esri Data &amp; Maps 10 dataset.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>