291 lines
38 KiB
XML
291 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="7CAAEE9839C00594706BEF3B7B287468" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219312" ID-ZooBank="046410E8-079F-4FBF-B0EF-361DFCE92E2C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460573078236" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Owen F." docDate="2013" docId="275FE5736D64FFE98C99FA3DFE4A3F2D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03609p567.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Araeosoma leppienae Anderson, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="548" masterDocId="DB669D0B6D73FFF28C0EFFC0FFC53D72" masterDocTitle="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="567" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="544" updateTime="1698322607592" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="191AF4B71F55AA24A3CB0485771E7397">
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<mods:title id="11477575F6EA5B330AE628204CA5D642">A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FE58D544FA010E223B660CCEFAEC1B28" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0A53C31EF0502D00081CDDE41E69656E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="95E9E20ED222071BF9D76A60972E2F62">Anderson, Owen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F09B15AEA6D89192295BCBD0C144CECF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D2541429FB8D7453F7EBD66ED3250297">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3A7BC428D3AFC8DC86216DBC32738235">
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<mods:date id="7912A946ECF9047783E24B5DB3D347B9">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D238FFC8178309FCE5C6DE431E2FDAEC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A257C2B8CCF4DB680F47674E2DB6F7E1">3609</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="79B839B9A695AD61F09AA08CB8DC35E3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="61A2210B4EAB2389597496A6EF123994">6</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C727DC4DE653C4E4FF99E779343FAE08">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B347E61D7181A7791E87CAFBC6ECE474" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F566E9A9AD839E069CD918A799D7A0D6" type="GBIF-Dataset">0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="26F437B48DAB2769154643F442CEB71F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D97C991F0BB753187CA9166B04CC896" type="Zenodo-Dep">219312</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="275FE5736D64FFE98C99FA3DFE4A3F2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622882" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119559586" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:275FE5736D64FFE98C99FA3DFE4A3F2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/275FE5736D64FFE98C99FA3DFE4A3F2D" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D64FFE58C99FA3DFE983B4A" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFE58C99FA3DFE3A3B65" blockId="23.[151,511,1533,1592]" box="[151,511,1533,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<heading id="F401E3096D64FFE58C99FA3DFE3A3B65" bold="true" box="[151,511,1533,1559]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58C99FA3DFE3A3B65" bold="true" box="[151,511,1533,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D64FFE58C99FA3DFE5E3B65" ID-CoL="G4GT" box="[151,411,1533,1559]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58C99FA3DFE5E3B65" bold="true" box="[151,411,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">Araeosoma leppienae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D64FFE58DACFA3DFE3A3B65" box="[418,511,1533,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFE58C99F9E0FE983B4A" blockId="23.[151,511,1533,1592]" box="[151,349,1568,1592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D64FFE58C99F9E0FEC53B4A" box="[151,256,1568,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,935]" captionTargetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[476,1119,187,888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A, Araeosoma migratum (NIWA 45089); B, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); C, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); D, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); E, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); F, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); G, A. thetidis (NIWA 29419); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720); I, A. leppienae (NIWA 23724)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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Figures
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<date id="DB4872A56D64FFE58CFCF9E0FEC53B4A" box="[242,256,1568,1592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">3</date>
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</figureCitation>
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I, 20–22
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D64FFE58C99F9A9FE5C3B9E" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFE58C99F9A9FBDE3BBA" blockId="23.[151,1437,1640,2024]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58C99F9A9FF3B3BF3" box="[151,254,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D64FFE58C99F9A9FF3B3BF3" box="[151,254,1641,1665]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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—From Christable seamount, west of the Auckland Islands, south of
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<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D64FFE5880DF9A9FB5B3BF2" box="[1027,1182,1640,1664]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D64FFE588A9F9A8FADC3BF2" box="[1191,1305,1640,1664]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" precision="92" value="-51.065">51° 3.9´S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D64FFE58928F9A8FF6E3BD6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" precision="92" value="164.58833">164° 35.3´E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="680EF9806D64FFE58CB6F94CFEFF3BD6" box="[184,314,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.705" metricValueMax="9.73" metricValueMin="9.68" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="970.5" valueMax="973.0" valueMin="968.0">968–973 m</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="680EF9806D64FFE58D45F94CFE6E3BD6" box="[331,427,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="118.0">118 mm</quantity>
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TD), NIWA23724. Deposited in the NIC, Wellington. Caught on
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<date id="DB4872A56D64FFE588A8F94CFA8D3BD6" box="[1190,1352,1676,1700]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" value="2003-04-14">14 April 2003</date>
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by RV
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D64FFE58C99F972FEC73BBB" box="[151,258,1714,1737]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" genus="Tangaroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58C99F972FEC73BBB" box="[151,258,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">Tangaroa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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during research into the ecology of seamounts. Stored in 80% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFE58CC9F916FE5C3B9E" blockId="23.[151,1437,1640,2024]" box="[199,409,1749,1773]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58CC9F916FEFC3B9F" box="[199,313,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D64FFE58CC9F916FEFC3B9F" box="[199,313,1750,1773]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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—None.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D64FFE58CC9F939FBFE3A62" box="[199,1083,1784,1809]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFE58CC9F939FBFE3A62" blockId="23.[151,1437,1640,2024]" box="[199,1083,1784,1809]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58CC9F939FEFA3A63" box="[199,319,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">Etymology</emphasis>
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—Named after Bridget Leppien, used as a noun in the genitive case.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D64FFE58CC9F8DEFAE83AD2" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFE58CC9F8DEFAE83AD2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1640,2024]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58CC9F8DEFEFC3A47" box="[199,313,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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—Test and spines brown, darker in poriferous zone and paler between columns creating a radial pattern of alternating light and dark stripes; large tridentate pedicellariae with broad, coarsely serrated valves; small tridentate pedicellariae narrow, valves not serrated; involute tridentate pedicellariae lacking; dactylous pedicellariae with six valves; primary tubercles on every plate in the oral adradial interambulacral series.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D64FFE88CC9F86EFC463CBD" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D64FFEA8CC9F86EFAFE3C6E" blockId="23.[151,1437,1640,2024]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D64FFE58CC9F86EFE8E3AB7" box="[199,331,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">Description</emphasis>
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—Test of
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<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D64FFE58DB4F86CFDD93AB6" box="[442,540,1964,1988]" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D64FFE58E24F86CFD5D3AB6" box="[554,664,1964,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,335,1047]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,335,1049]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 20. Araeosoma leppienae sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23724 (118 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219332/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="544">Figure 20</figureCitation>
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) moderate size (
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<quantity id="680EF9806D64FFE58F41F86CFC693AB6" box="[847,940,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="23" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="118.0">118 mm</quantity>
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TD), circular, flattened, rounded at ambitus. Colour of test brown, darkest in the pore zones partly due to retention of colour in the tube-feet and their protection of the surrounding skin during capture, lighter in the interambulacra and interporiferous zones where test plates are more net-worn. This produces a pattern of radial stripes on both surfaces—a feature which may not be as apparent in the live animal. Primary spines all broken and mostly lost, therefore details of the hoofs unknown. Primary tubercles perforate and non-crenulate. Ratio of interambulacrum to ambulacrum width at the ambitus, 3:2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FB8904ED6D6BFFEA8C99FBF1FA86393A" box="[151,1347,1073,1096]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219332/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="545" targetBox="[151,1435,335,1047]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D6BFFEA8C99FBF1FA86393A" blockId="24.[151,1347,1073,1096]" box="[151,1347,1073,1096]" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D6BFFEA8C99FBF1FEE53935" bold="true" box="[151,288,1073,1096]" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D6BFFEA8D2BFBF3FDC7393A" box="[293,514,1074,1096]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="24" pageNumber="545" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D6BFFEA8D2BFBF3FDC7393A" box="[293,514,1074,1096]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">Araeosoma leppienae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D6BFFEA8E06FBF3FD9C393A" box="[520,601,1075,1096]" pageId="24" pageNumber="545" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype, NIWA23724 (118 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D6BFFEA8CC9FB4EFEBA3B24" blockId="24.[151,1437,1166,1982]" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">
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Interambulacral columns have 35–36 plates, 15 on the oral side and 20–21 aborally; ambulacral columns have 51–57 plates, 20–23 orally and 31–34 aborally. Plate boundaries obscured by thick membranous connective tissue but wide gaps clearly evident between interambulacral plates on both surfaces. Tubercles less prominent at inner end of aboral plates due to partial covering by connective tissue, accentuating broad naked areas interradially and perradially. Areoles of primary spines large, creating the highest point of the plate, but mostly not overlapping when adjacent on neighbouring plates. In each primary plate, at least those away from the poles, the adoral accessory plate is adjacent to the adapical accessory plate of the neighbouring plate in the usual way for echinothurioids (see Mortensen 1935, Mooi
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D6BFFEA8E84FA4BFD7E38D0" box="[650,699,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">et al</emphasis>
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. 2004), approximately in mid-plate position. The pore-pair of the main plate lies slightly separate from these pairs, adapical to them and closer to the outer end, those in the adambital plates regularly separated from the abambulacral margin by a conspicuous secondary tubercle. Closer to the poles the pore-pairs are cramped into the available space among these smaller primary plates. Aboral plates slightly shorter than oral plates, in accordance with their greater number; aboral interambulacral plates only slightly angled to each other.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D6BFFEA8CC9F9A2FBD03ACC" blockId="24.[151,1437,1166,1982]" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">
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Oral test plating (
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<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D6BFFEA8DACF9A2FDD93B08" box="[418,540,1634,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1171,1194]" captionTargetBox="[512,1112,308,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[478,1121,293,1146]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 21. Araeosoma leppienae sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23724. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219333/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="545">Figure 21</figureCitation>
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): Adradial series of primary tubercles in the interambulacra of the usual arrangement, with a tubercle on every plate from the ambitus to the peristome. An inner series is located close to the interradius, with a tubercle on every second plate near the ambitus but more frequently on every plate as the tubercles diminish in size and move toward a mid-plate position adorally. A few smaller primary tubercles also found in the distal part of the oral surface, in between the two main series. An irregular series of primary tubercles runs down the perradial margin in the ambulacra, with tubercles of variable size occurring on adjacent plates or every second or third plate. One column in the zone cleaned for examination has noticeably more large tubercles than the other—the large tubercles in one column corresponding with plates lacking a primary tubercle in the other. A large secondary tubercle lies adradial to these primary tubercles on most plates, but not in any regular position, and one to several other secondary tubercles form a rough line along each plate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D6AFFEB8CC9FF57FADB3D85" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,247]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
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Peristome about
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<quantity id="680EF9806D6AFFEB8D71FF57FE083DDD" box="[383,461,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, bearing two overlapping columns of 8–9 slightly angled (ambulacral) plates in each zone with an extra small plate amongst the distal-most plates. Each plate bears a central tube-foot flanked by a row of 4–5 tubercles spanning the width of the plate. Buccal notches shallow; gills relatively large, lobate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FB8904ED6D6AFFEB8C99FB53FE2C39BA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219333/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" targetBox="[512,1112,308,1126]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D6AFFEB8C99FB53FE2C39BA" blockId="25.[151,1436,1171,1224]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D6AFFEB8C99FB53FEE539DA" bold="true" box="[151,288,1171,1194]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D6AFFEB8D26FB54FDC039DB" box="[296,517,1171,1193]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D6AFFEB8D26FB54FDC039DB" box="[296,517,1171,1193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">Araeosoma leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D6AFFEB8E02FB54FD9B39DB" box="[524,606,1172,1193]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype, NIWA23724. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D6AFFEB8CC9FB35FC133B5F" blockId="25.[151,1437,1269,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Aboral test plating (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D6AFFEB8DBAFB35FDEE387F" box="[436,555,1269,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1171,1194]" captionTargetBox="[512,1112,308,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[478,1121,293,1146]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 21. Araeosoma leppienae sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23724. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219333/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||
): No continuation of the oral adradial series of primary tubercles onto the interambulacra of the aboral side, this series ending abruptly at the ambitus. Instead, a distinctive series of primary tubercles beginning slightly outside mid-plate at the ambitus and becoming more adambulacral adapically, quite regularly on every second plate, ends about two-thirds of the way to the apical system. A few other primary tubercles and larger secondary tubercles present near the interradius, approximately continuing the oral inner series, over the distal half of the aboral surface. A series of smaller primary tubercles in the ambulacra, located usually on every second or third plate, runs adjacent to the inner tube-feet in similar fashion to the oral series but placed a little further from the perradius and comprising more equal-sized tubercles. An additional primary tubercle also found near the adambulacral end of a few of the outer plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D6AFFEB8CC9F9F8FAC63BCF" blockId="25.[151,1437,1269,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Apical system compact, about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D6AFFEB8E3DF9F8FD433B22" box="[563,646,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
across, skin obscuring plate boundaries. The whole system evenly covered with about 50 small spines and pedicellariae (mostly triphyllous). Genital pores small, opening within a membranous space; genital plates not much extended into the interradii, therefore adjacent interambulacral plates not much angled to fit around them. Madreporite distinct, slightly raised, subtriangular. Anus central.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D6AFFEB8CC9F908FDAE3AE7" blockId="25.[151,1437,1269,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Spines cylindrical, hollow, fragile; the longest remaining section about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D6AFFEB8FF4F908FB893B92" box="[1018,1100,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D6AFFEB8899F908FB1F3B92" box="[1175,1242,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and smooth with about 35 longitudinal striations. These striations simple club-shaped wedges in cross-section in the oral spines examined, but the wedges more mallet-shaped in the aboral spines. Spine walls thin—a row of perforations in the oral spine wall but strengthening meshwork completely lacking in the aboral spines sectioned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D6AFFEB8C90F898FF3A3A02" box="[158,255,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,935]" captionTargetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[476,1119,187,888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A, Araeosoma migratum (NIWA 45089); B, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); C, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); D, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); E, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); F, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); G, A. thetidis (NIWA 29419); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720); I, A. leppienae (NIWA 23724)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="DB4872A56D6AFFEB8CFEF898FF3A3A02" box="[240,255,1880,1904]" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Colour of both primary and secondary spines uniformly brown, the colour fading in bleach. Milled ring not prominent, only very slightly oblique.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D6AFFE88CC9F860FE013CF5" blockId="25.[151,1437,1269,2014]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,151,716]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D6AFFEB8D67F860FE1B3ACA" box="[361,478,1952,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[367,1223,765,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[367,1224,765,1903]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 22. Araeosoma leppienae sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 23724. SEM images of pedicellariae. A – C, large tridentate pedicellariae (A, head; B & C, individual valves); D & E, valves of small tridentate pedicellariae; F & G, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; H, valves of dactylous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219334/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="546">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||
): Tridentate (large and small), triphyllous, and dactylous forms present. Tridentate: Large rostrate form (about 1.0 mm long), valves wide with a very broad, coarsely serrated tip and only slightly narrowing towards the base, blades filled with strengthening meshwork. The neck 1–2 times head length, the stalk 3–4 times head length; small rostrate form (about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D69FFE88ED2FF7CFCA03DA6" box="[732,869,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) with narrow, straight-sided, and unserrated blades with a rounded tip, neck about equal to head length, stalk several times head length. No involute tridentate pedicellariae present. Triphyllous: typical echinothurioid form about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D69FFE88FA2FEC4FBF33C6E" box="[940,1078,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long on a long neck and stalk. The basal part completely enclosed along much of the blade in the examples seen. Dactylous: of the highly developed form typical of the genus, about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D69FFE88E82FE8CFD213C16" box="[652,740,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with six valves. These are relatively common near the ambitus on the aboral side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D69FFE88CC9FE54FC463CBD" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Sphaeridia of the usual form, i.e., elongate spherical (about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D69FFE88F74FE54FC173CDE" box="[890,978,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D69FFE88832FE54FB513CDE" box="[1084,1172,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide), located slightly perradial and adoral to the inner tube foot of the ambulacral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D69FFE98CC9FE1CFE4A3F2D" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D69FFE88CC9FE1CFC613FBE" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88CC9FE1CFEEC3C86" box="[199,297,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
—Although there is only a single specimen recorded for this species, it is sufficiently distinct from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88CD7FDC0FE9C3F6A" box="[217,345,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88CD7FDC0FE9C3F6A" box="[217,345,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species known from the region (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88EDFFDC0FC9B3F6A" box="[721,862,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="migratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88EDFFDC0FC9B3F6A" box="[721,862,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">A. migratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88F63FDC0FBDB3F6A" box="[877,1054,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anatirostrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88F63FDC0FBDB3F6A" box="[877,1054,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">A. anatirostrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88851FDC0FB383F6A" box="[1119,1277,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88851FDC0FB383F6A" box="[1119,1277,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">A. bidentatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to be certain that it is not simply an unusual form of one of them or a hybrid of two of them. Interestingly, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE8898AFDE4FEED3F12" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anatirostrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE8898AFDE4FEED3F12" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">A. anatirostrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also found at Christable seamount (usually in slightly deeper water), its
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D69FFE88873FD87FB1A3F2D" box="[1149,1247,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
being caught on the same day as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88DAEFDACFDE83FF6" box="[416,557,620,644]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88DAEFDACFDE83FF6" box="[416,557,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The large tridentate and dactylous pedicellariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE8887BFDACFAC73FF6" box="[1141,1282,620,644]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE8887BFDACFAC73FF6" box="[1141,1282,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are of a form unique among the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D69FFE88D68FD51FE393FD5" box="[358,508,655,680]" name="New Zealand" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88E0DFD50FD463FDA" box="[515,643,656,680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88E0DFD50FD463FDA" box="[515,643,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The dactylous pedicellariae are particularly unusual in that no other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88D43FD74FE083FBE" box="[333,461,692,716]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88D43FD74FE083FBE" box="[333,461,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported to have more than five valves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D69FFE88C99F848FD523A91" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219334/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" targetBox="[367,1223,765,1903]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D69FFE88C99F848FD523A91" blockId="26.[151,1436,1928,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88C99F848FEE13AEC" bold="true" box="[151,292,1928,1951]" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D69FFE88D21F84AFDCA3AED" box="[303,527,1929,1951]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D69FFE88D21F84AFDCA3AED" box="[303,527,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="547">Araeosoma leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D69FFE88E14F84AFDAA3AED" box="[538,623,1930,1951]" pageId="26" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, NIWA23724. SEM images of pedicellariae. A–C, large tridentate pedicellariae (A, head; B&C, individual valves); D&E, valves of small tridentate pedicellariae; F&G, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; H, valves of dactylous pedicellariae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D68FFE98CC9FF57FE0E3CDE" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">
|
||
The forms of pedicellariae found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE98E7AFF58FCC13DC2" box="[628,772,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE98E7AFF58FCC13DC2" box="[628,772,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are probably most similar to those of the Indonesian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE9898AFF58FE8F3DA6" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parviungulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE9898AFF58FE8F3DA6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. parviungulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(another species known from a single specimen), which also has no involute form. Both species have one large and one small rostrate tridentate form, as well as triphyllous and dactylous forms. The two species differ in that the large tridentate pedicellariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE98EB6FEC4FC4E3C6E" box="[696,907,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parviungulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE98EB6FEC4FC4E3C6E" box="[696,907,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. parviungulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more pointed than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE988D1FEC4FAAE3C6E" box="[1247,1387,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE988D1FEC4FAAE3C6E" box="[1247,1387,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the small tridentate pedicellariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE98E0AFEE8FD123C32" box="[516,727,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parviungulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE98E0AFEE8FD123C32" box="[516,727,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. parviungulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a distinct waist which is not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE988D4FEE8FAA23C32" box="[1242,1383,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE988D4FEE8FAA23C32" box="[1242,1383,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see plate LXXVII in Mortensen 1935), and the dactyous pedicellariae are five-valved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE9886AFE8CFAFD3C16" box="[1124,1336,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parviungulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE9886AFE8CFAFD3C16" box="[1124,1336,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. parviungulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sixvalved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE98D0BFEB0FE573CFA" box="[261,402,368,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE98D0BFEB0FE573CFA" box="[261,402,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Details of colour, tuberculation patterns (especially aborally), and other test characters also distinguish the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D68FFE98CC9FE77FE4A3F2D" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D68FFE98CF2FE78FEE93CA2" box="[252,300,440,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Christable seamount, is adjacent to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D68FFE98F6BFE77FC183CBD" box="[869,989,439,463]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge, a major undersea ridge feature running south from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D68FFE98D71FE1DFDDD3C86" box="[383,536,476,500]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
to about 60˚ S, which would likely provide a considerable amount of similar habitat. Relatively little sampling using methods which could capture individuals of this species has taken place in the area, and so it is probable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D68FFE98E15FDE4FD6D3F4E" box="[539,680,548,572]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leppienae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D68FFE98E15FDE4FD6D3F4E" box="[539,680,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="548">A. leppienae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in suitable habitats along this ridge and other sub-Antarctic ridges and seamounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |