415 lines
31 KiB
XML
415 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1111-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" ID-ZooBank="3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1111-43" checkinTime="1657577097621" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger & Andersen, Trond" docDate="2022" docId="05FDEDBA20B257D8AA7C12B5E24BCC03" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1111: 43-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1111" docPubDate="2022-07-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" docTitle="Chimarra dybowskina Navas 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" masterDocTitle="New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1657577401209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blahnik, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-1870</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">trond.andersen@uib.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1111</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1111-43</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05FDEDBA20B257D8AA7C12B5E24BCC03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/05FDEDBA20B257D8AA7C12B5E24BCC03" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="05FDEDBA-20B2-57D8-AA7C-12B5E24BCC03" authority="Navas, 1931" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
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Chimarra dybowskina
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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, 1931
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 8. Chimarra dybowskina Navas, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, caudal D tergum X and periphallic process, right caudal E phallus, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711474" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 8A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dybowskina">Chimarrha dybowskina</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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, 1931: 123-124, fig. 61.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dybowskina">Chimarra dybowskina</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B18" refString="Fischer, FCJ, 1961. Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. II Philopotamidae, Hydroptilidae, Stenopsychidae. Nederlandische Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. II Philopotamidae, Hydroptilidae, Stenopsychidae. Nederlandische Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." year="1961">Fischer 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 59;
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<bibRefCitation author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Braueria" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B50" refString="Malicky, H, 2015b. Trichopteren von Nosy Be (Madagaskar): Beschreibungen von neuen Arten und Kommentare zu bekannten. Braueria 42: 41 - 49" title="Trichopteren von Nosy Be (Madagaskar): Beschreibungen von neuen Arten und Kommentare zu bekannten." volume="42" year="2015 b">Malicky 2015b</bibRefCitation>
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: 41 (text), 44 (figure) (distribution: Madagascar);
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" author="Gibon, F-M" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 127" refId="B26" refString="Gibon, F-M, 2018. The Chimarra of the georgensis and fallax species groups in Madagascar (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae). Oriental Insects 52 (2): 113 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" title="The Chimarra of the georgensis and fallax species groups in Madagascar (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" volume="52" year="2018">Gibon 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 121-122, figs 3A, 5, (distribution: Burkina Faso, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Togo).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibbs" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra divergena" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergena">Chimarra divergena</taxonomicName>
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Gibbs, 1973: 367-369, figs 5-7. Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O Nybom" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra caboverdensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">Chimarra caboverdensis</taxonomicName>
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Nybom, 1960: 1-3, figs A-G. Syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-02-17" collectorName="Faja d' Agua, E Aistleitner" country="Cape Verde" elevation="100" location="Brava" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Brava">
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<collectingCountry name="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion country="Cape Verde" name="Brava">Brava</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fajâ">Faja</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’">d'</normalizedToken>
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Agua
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</collectorName>
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;
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2007-02-17">17 Feb. 2007</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>E Aistleitner</collectorName>
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leg.; UMSP
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1993-03-11" collectingDateMax="1994-11-08" collectingDateMin="1993-03-11" collectingMethod="light trap, Malaise trap" collectorName="T Andersen, J Kjaerandsen, JS Amakye" country="Ghana" county="Central Reg." elevation="100" latitude="7.1247225" location="Eastern Reg." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="0.5919444" municipality="Kakum Forest Reserve" specimenCount="46" specimenCount-female="33" specimenCount-male="13" stateProvince="Volta">
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<collectingCountry name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<collectingCounty>Central Reg.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Kakum Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.35">5°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-1.3666667">1°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1994-11-08">8 Nov. 1994</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>T Andersen</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05FDEDBA20B257D8AA7C12B5E24BCC03:E48C38B14341C47EA7CFFB1FF1924160" country="Ghana" county="Central Reg." latitude="7.1247225" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="0.5919444" municipality="Kakum Forest Reserve" name="Eastern Reg." stateProvince="Volta">Eastern Reg.</location>
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; Kibi, Subri stream;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.1666665">6°10'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-0.55">0°33'W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-05">5 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<collectingRegion country="Ghana" name="Volta">Volta</collectingRegion>
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Reg.
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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; Hohoe, Matvin Hotel;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="7.1619444">7°09'43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="0.47527778">0°28'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-11">11 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.; at light; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
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; Wli, Agumatsa waterfall, station # 3;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="7.1247225">7°07'29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="0.5919444">0°35'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-11" valueMax="1993-11-20" valueMin="1993-11-11">11-20 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 7; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 8; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount type="female">15♀♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 3;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-17">17 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
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; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 6;
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<collectingDate value="1993-03-11">11 Mar. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>JS Amakye</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-20">20 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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J
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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leg.; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP ●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 10;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-19">19 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding except station # 12;
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<collectingDate value="1993-11-16">16 Nov. 1993</collectingDate>
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||
; ZMBN ●
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711474" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 8" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra dybowskina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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,
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
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genitalia
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
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lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
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dorsal, segments IX and X
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
inferior appendage, caudal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
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tergum X and periphallic process, right caudal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
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||
phallus, lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Phallobase with ventral margin greatly produced and strongly bent, apex enlarged and subtruncate, dorsal margin slightly upturned; phallic spines both moderately elongate and narrow; inferior appendage with dorsal projection abruptly narrowed, nearly uniform in width and distinctly bent, apex acute, ventromesal cusps of inferior appendage often both evident in lateral view (character possibly variable or inconsistent).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra dybowskina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. calundoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. falcifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="falcifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. falcifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jacquemarti" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="jacquemarti">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. jacquemarti</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The species are best distinguished by differences in the shape and inflection of the dorsal lobe of the inferior appendages, and by the shape of the apex and inflection of the apicoventral projection of phallobase, as well as in the relative length of the phallic spines. Like both
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. calundoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and C.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha jacquemarti" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacquemarti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarrha jacquemarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ventral apex of the phallobase is very strongly bent; the apex of the structure is more truncate than in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. calundoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but bent slightly upward, rather than downward, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jacquemarti" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="jacquemarti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. jacquemarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsal process of the inferior appendages is generally more uniform in width and more strongly bent in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in the other species, and the cusps of the mesal surface are more likely to be evident in lateral view. The phallic spines are comparable in length to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jacquemarti" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="jacquemarti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. jacquemarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but slightly longer than in either
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. calundoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. falcifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="falcifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. falcifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Our illustration closely matches that presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" author="Gibon, F-M" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 127" refId="B26" refString="Gibon, F-M, 2018. The Chimarra of the georgensis and fallax species groups in Madagascar (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae). Oriental Insects 52 (2): 113 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" title="The Chimarra of the georgensis and fallax species groups in Madagascar (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" volume="52" year="2018">Gibon (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was based on the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We are less convinced that the illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Braueria" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B50" refString="Malicky, H, 2015b. Trichopteren von Nosy Be (Madagaskar): Beschreibungen von neuen Arten und Kommentare zu bekannten. Braueria 42: 41 - 49" title="Trichopteren von Nosy Be (Madagaskar): Beschreibungen von neuen Arten und Kommentare zu bekannten." volume="42" year="2015 b">Malicky (2015b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Nosy
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Madagascar is the same species, although admittedly close. The inferior appendage in his illustration has the general shape and form of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the ventral projection of the phallobase is not as strongly deflexed and the apex is rounded, rather than truncate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibbs" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra divergena" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra divergena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gibbs, described from Ghana, has enough of the significant features of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be considered a synonym, especially the strongly deflexed ventral projection of the phallobase, with its apex subtruncate and slightly upturned. There was no available illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when it was published. The primary difference is that the mesal cusps of the inferior appendage are not apparent in lateral view in the illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. divergena" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="divergena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. divergena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The difference seems too minor to warrant species status.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O Nybom" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra caboverdensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra caboverdensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is undoubtedly also a synonym, based on the structure of the ventral apex of the phallobase, which, in the illustration of the type, is clearly truncate apically, with the apex slightly upturned. Examination of a specimen collected from Cabo Verde revealed no distinctive differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pending further evidence of its species status, we prefer to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. caboverdensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. caboverdensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nybom to also be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||
Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown, head and prothorax not lighter, spurs slightly darker. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite ~ 1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively elongate; maxillary palp with 1st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2nd segment moderately elongate (~ 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3rd segment slightly longer than 2nd, 4th segment short (~ 1/2 length of 3rd), 5th segment elongate, slightly shorter than 3rd and 4th combined. Forewing length: male, 5.0-6.0 mm; female 5.5-6.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R1 very slightly sinuous, stem of Rs weakly inflected at past midlength (without distinct node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell slightly asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width, fork I slightly subsessile, fork II sessile,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
, crossveins linear,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein more proximal,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
|
||
pigmented (like wing),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
|
||
crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R1 narrowly parallel to subcosta, fork I and fork II subsessile, fork III relatively distal, anal loop small. Forelegs with tibial spur distinct; male with foretarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Segment VIII with sternum short, ventrally with distinct ventral projection, tergum somewhat wider, expanded dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with angular inflection at approximately ventral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
, concavely narrowing dorsally; tergum narrow dorsolaterally, with short anterior apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with elongate, narrow ventral process, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, bearing two preapical sensilla; dorsum of tergum X moderately elongate, membranous; tergum ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally, fused laterally to periphallic processes. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected and strongly narrowed, distinctly posteriorly curved, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with distinct sclerotized projections near base and before midlength, generally evident in lateral view; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin sclerotized, strongly deflexed and projecting, apex enlarged, subtruncate, with dorsal margin slightly upturned; endotheca with two relatively elongate, asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Togo.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |