treatments-xml/data/8C/AD/C9/8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225239" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. &amp; Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia gilbertii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 21: 110 – 111. 1951." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>97</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>252</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-97-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1239255</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
15. 
<taxonomicName LSID="8CADC97F-F388-5241-B841-48364D955E7A" authority="Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 21: 110 - 111. 1951." authorityName="Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 21: 110 – 111. 1951." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
Xylopia gilbertii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="État">Etat</normalizedToken>
21: 110-111. 1951.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Xylopia flamignii and X. gilbertii. A-E X. flamignii A Flower, side view B Close-up of adaxial leaf surface, showing raised venation C Leaves D Inner petal, adaxial view E Outer petal, adaxial view F-J X. gilbertii F Flower, side view G Inner petal, adaxial view H Outer petal, adaxial view I, J Leaves. A-E from Bradley 1136 (OWU) F-I from Louis 6777 (MO) J from Letouzey 10707 (P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199108" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 23F-J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sillans" authorityYear="1953" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia ardua" order="Magnoliales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ardua">Xylopia ardua</taxonomicName>
Sillans, Rev. Bot. Appliq. 33: 555-556 + pl. 8. 1953. Type. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oubangi-Chari”">&quot;Oubangi-Chari&quot;</normalizedToken>
]. Boukoko, Dec 1951, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. Tisserant 2329</emphasis>
(lectotype, here designated: P! [00169140]; isotypes: BM! [000510989], P! [00169141, 00169142, 00169143], US! [2679729]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1937-11" collectorName="de la Luweo, J. Louis" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" elevation="470" location="Yangambi" municipality="Tshopo Province" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Congo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
[&quot;Belgian 
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Congo</collectingRegion>
&quot;]. 
<collectingMunicipality>Tshopo Province</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:C28E573EB709F3CE501BA444CD9B53C1" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" municipality="Tshopo Province" name="Yangambi" stateProvince="Congo">Yangambi</location>
, plateau 
<collectorName>de la Luweo</collectorName>
, alt. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="470.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1937-11">Nov 1937</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<collectorName>J. Louis</collectorName>
6777
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: BR!; isotypes: B! [100249561], BM! [000510912, 000511052], BR! [8824738], K! [000542217], MO! [1639391], P! [00169152],
</materialsCitation>
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
! [2091368]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Tree</emphasis>
up to 40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 40 cm, bole slender, cylindrical, with small buttresses at the base; bark brown or mottled with white, yellow, green, or orange-brown, lightly cracked or longitudinally fissured. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Twigs</emphasis>
brown, eventually gray and longitudinally wrinkled, persistently erect-pubescent, the hairs orange to rusty and 0.3-0.8 mm long; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Leaf</emphasis>
with larger blades 4.2-9.7 cm long, 2.0-3.3 cm wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, slightly discolorous, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, occasionally oblong or ovate, apex acute to nearly rounded, base broadly cuneate to rounded, erect-pubescent (densely so on the midrib) to glabrate adaxially, persistently erect-pubescent abaxially; midrib plane adaxially, raised abaxially, secondary veins indistinctly brochidodromous, 7-14 per side, diverging at 45-60° from the midrib, plane to slightly raised adaxially, raised abaxially, higher-order veins indistinct adaxially, slightly raised abaxially; petiole 2.8-4 mm long, semi-terete to shallowly canaliculate, densely pubescent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary but often clustered at bases of newly elongating shoots, 1-6-flowered, densely pubescent; peduncle 1 per axil, 1.5-2.5 mm long; pedicels 2-6 per peduncle, 1-2 mm long, 1.3-1.7 mm thick; bracts 2, evenly spaced and somewhat overlapping, caducous or persistent, 2.3-3.5 mm long, ovate to broadly ovate, apex obtuse; buds ovoid, apex obtuse or acuminate to an expanded base. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Sepals</emphasis>
spreading at anthesis, free or connate just at base, sometimes slightly imbricate at base, 1.6-2.4 mm long, 2.8-4.2 mm wide, coriaceous, reniform to semicircular, apex acute to rounded, densely pubescent abaxially. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Petals</emphasis>
fawn-olive, brown-violet, or purple 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals slightly spreading at anthesis, 6.6-11 mm long, 2.8-6.4 mm wide at base, 2.4-4.4 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, lanceolate to ovate, apex obtuse, pubescent on distal half and verrucose on proximal half adaxially, densely appressed-pubescent abaxially; inner petals slightly spreading at anthesis, 5.8-9.3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 1.4-3.2 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, lanceolate, apex obtuse to acuminate, base with margin differentiated into two roughly circular glands 0.6-1.4 mm in diameter, pubescent on distal half and glabrous on concavity/claw adaxially, pubescent abaxially. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Stamens</emphasis>
80-130; fertile stamens 1.1-1.3 mm long, oblong-clavate, apex of connective 0.3-0.4 mm long, shieldlike to capitate, overhanging the anther thecae, minutely puberulent to glabrous, anthers 10-13-locellate, filament 0.3-0.4 mm long; outer staminodes 1.1-1.3 mm long, broadly clavate, apex obtuse to obliquely truncate; inner staminodes 0.9-1.0 mm long, narrowly oblong to broadly clavate, apex obtuse to truncate; staminal cone 1.3-1.8 mm in diameter, 0.4-0.6 mm high, concealing only the bases of the ovaries, rim laciniate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Carpels</emphasis>
6-11; ovaries 1-1.5 mm long, oblong, pubescent, stigmas connivent, 1.5-2.2 mm long, linear, sparsely pubescent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Torus</emphasis>
flat, 1.6-2.2 mm in diameter. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 10 sparsely pubescent monocarps borne on a pedicel 4.5-10 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm thick, sparsely pubescent; torus 2.8-3.8 mm in diameter, 2.5-2.6 mm high, discoid. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Monocarps</emphasis>
reddish or purplish green 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">in vivo</emphasis>
, endocarp color unknown, 2.5-3.7 cm long, 1-1.3 cm wide, 0.5-0.8 cm thick, oblong to clavate, sometimes irregularly torulose, apex obtuse to obliquely truncate, sometimes with an offset blunt beak 1-1.5 mm long, base contracted into a stipe 5-13 mm long, 1.2-3.5 mm thick, sometimes with a longitudinal groove abaxially, obliquely wrinkled, sparsely verrucose; pericarp ca. 1 mm thick. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Seeds</emphasis>
up to 6 per monocarp, in a single row, oblique to long axis, 7.4-10 mm long, 4.2-6.7 mm wide, (3.1-) 3.5-5.4 mm thick, ellipsoid, elliptic in cross-section, truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, light brown, smooth, dull or slightly shiny, raphe/antiraphe not evident, micropylar scar 1.3-2.2 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, elliptic, circular, or transversely elliptic; sarcotesta red 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">in vivo</emphasis>
; aril absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Specimens with flowers have been collected from October to February, and with fruits from February to April, in June, and from October to December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Distributions of Xylopia gilbertii, X. toussaintii, and X. flamignii. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199109" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">24</figureCitation>
). Scattered in a narrow band from southern Cameroon and northern Gabon east to the southwestern Central African Republic and the north 
<pageBreakToken pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="start">ern</pageBreakToken>
Democratic Republic of the Congo; upland forest; 470-900 m. Associates include 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baill" authorityYear="1862" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Coulaceae" genus="Coula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coula edulis" order="Santalales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coula edulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill. and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Millettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Millettia duchesnei" order="Rosales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="duchesnei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Millettia duchesnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
De Wild. 
<bibRefCitation author="Harris, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural Products" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refId="B69" refString="Harris, DJ, 2002. The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic. Scripta Botanica Belgica, Vol. 23, Meise, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, 1-274." title="The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic. Scripta Botanica Belgica, Vol. 23, Meise, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, 1 - 274." year="2002">Harris (2002)</bibRefCitation>
reports the species from the Dzanga-Sangha region of SW Central African Republic, but we have not seen the vouchers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="local names">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Local names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Bompaie bo fufow (Turumbu, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Louis 6777</emphasis>
), molo-mosoma (Lissongo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Tisserant 625, 2329</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1971-04-21" collectingDateMax="1973-01-22" collectingDateMin="1971-04-21" collectorName="Letouzey, Akonetche, PK, Minton I" country="CAMEROON" location="Mbalam" municipality="Port Gentil" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. A 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’ouest">l'ouest</normalizedToken>
de Yenga 
<collectingMunicipality>Port Gentil</collectingMunicipality>
, village 
<normalizedToken originalValue="situé">situe</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
au 
<locationDeviation location="Moloundou">NNE de Moloundou</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingDate value="1971-04-21">21 Apr 1971</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectorName>Letouzey</collectorName>
10707
</emphasis>
(P); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>Akonetche, PK</collectorName>
95 sur route 
<collectorName>Minton I</collectorName>
(
<locationDeviation location="Djoum">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
E de Djoum
</locationDeviation>
)-
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:E7B96FAC573777D8322B028D017E80DE" country="CAMEROON" municipality="Port Gentil" name="Mbalam">Mbalam</location>
(
<locationDeviation location="Djoum">
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="140.0">140 km</quantity>
ESE de Djoum
</locationDeviation>
), 
<collectingDate value="1973-01-22">22 Jan 1973</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectorName>Letouzey</collectorName>
11876
</emphasis>
(BR, K)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-01-17" collectorName="Tisserant" country="CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC" location="Boukoko" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectingCountry name="Central African Republic">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:448041716BB707432F72A8C2546E4109" country="CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC" name="Boukoko">Boukoko</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1948-01-17">17 Jan 1948</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectorName>Tisserant</collectorName>
625
</emphasis>
(BM, P)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1966-06-04" collectingDateMax="2002-12-21" collectingDateMin="1966-06-04" collectorName="de Fer" country="GABON" county="Belinga" elevation="800" latitude="0.9166667" location="Halle" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.016666" municipality="Mines de Fer" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ogooue-Ivindo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">GABON</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Ivindo">
<collectingRegion country="Gabon" name="Ogooue-Ivindo">Ogooue-Ivindo</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bélinga">
<collectingCounty>Belinga</collectingCounty>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>
Mines 
<collectorName>de Fer</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="700.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="700.0">700-900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1966-06-04">4 Jun 1966</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallé">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:F547881C6329C9CC267AF12903D1CBF7" country="GABON" county="Belinga" latitude="0.9166667" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.016666" municipality="Mines de Fer" name="Halle" stateProvince="Ogooue-Ivindo">Halle</location>
</normalizedToken>
3735
</emphasis>
(P).-
<collectingRegion country="Gabon" name="Woleu-Ntem">Woleu-Ntem</collectingRegion>
: ca. 
<locationDeviation location="Medouneu">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
ESE Medouneu
</locationDeviation>
, Elot, bas inselberg 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:C7AD748E06B5C6AD602FF4DCD7C9A2B1" country="GABON" county="Belinga" latitude="0.9166667" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.016666" municipality="Mines de Fer" name="Simanguen" stateProvince="Ogooue-Ivindo">Simanguen</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="58.62" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="0.977">0°58.62'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="54.01" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="10.9001665">10°54.01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.609999999999999" unit="m" value="661.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.609999999999999" unit="m" value="661.0">661 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2002-12-21">21 Dec 2002</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Ngok Banak et al. 1057</emphasis>
(MO); Inselberg, ca. 
<locationDeviation location="Medouneu">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
ESE of Medouneu
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.9166667">0°55'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.016666">11°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1986-02-03">3 Feb 1986</collectingDate>
(fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Reitsma et al. 1821</emphasis>
(MO, NY, WAG)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1935-11-29" collectingDateMax="1960-11" collectingDateMin="1935-11-29" collectorName="de l'Isalowe, de la Reserve" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" elevation="470" location="Yangambi" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orientale">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCounty>Tshopo</collectingCounty>
: 
<collectingMunicipality>Territ. Tsangi</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:555B5307E119FA8A4520072FE768724B" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Yangambi" stateProvince="Orientale">Yangambi</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1952-02-12">12 Feb 1952</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:0317BC28D9ABB230EC1012F32A859CCD" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Donis" stateProvince="Orientale">Donis</location>
3634
</emphasis>
(K); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:B62D527CCE0B8A1F40209954FC9C474D" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Yangambi" stateProvince="Orientale">Yangambi</location>
, 1938 (st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:818374F7DF6522B6D6C38641CF5988AD" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Gilbert" stateProvince="Orientale">Gilbert</location>
1099
</emphasis>
(K, US); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:2D232B57768AAF94834DE811CE506624" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Yangambi" stateProvince="Orientale">Yangambi</location>
, 1938 (buds) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:2C9C6E2056118805E6A0E4411469B25E" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Gilbert" stateProvince="Orientale">Gilbert</location>
1423
</emphasis>
(K, MO, US); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:004BCB7EBFEEAC917282C2726F6B8AEE" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Yangambi" stateProvince="Orientale">Yangambi</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1935-11-29">29 Nov 1935</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:AA625CC3F6F3535A8832C6BC43D83A09" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Louis" stateProvince="Orientale">Louis</location>
733
</emphasis>
(NY, RSA); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:8CB3D76E8B0756328A3E9FAF6DE85FE2" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" county="Tshopo" municipality="Territ. Tsangi" name="Yangambi" stateProvince="Orientale">Yangambi</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="470.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1936-10-17">17 Oct 1936</collectingDate>
(yg fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Louis 2741</emphasis>
(K); Yangambi, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="réserve-flore">reserve-flore</normalizedToken>
Isalowe, 
<collectingDate value="1937-10-07">7 Oct 1937</collectingDate>
(st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Louis 6324</emphasis>
(FI-T, MO, P); Prov. 
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale">Orientale</collectingRegion>
, Territ. Tsangi, Yangambi, plateau 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Isalowe">l'Isalowe</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1951-03-12">12 Mar 1951</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Toussaint 886</emphasis>
(K); Prov. 
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale">Orientale</collectingRegion>
, Tsangi Territory, Yangambi, environs 
<collectorName>
de la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
floristique, 
<collectingDate value="1960-11">Nov 1960</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Yafunga 7</emphasis>
(WAG)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Xylopia gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is either an uncommon or infrequently collected species. It can be recognized by a combination of the sparse but persistent erect pubescence of the twigs, leaves, and monocarps, the relatively broad but small flowers on short pedicels, and the rounded marginal glands on the inner petals. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Xylopia gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares inner petal glands with 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. flamignii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="flamignii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">X. flamignii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. toussaintii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="toussaintii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">X. toussaintii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the former has strongly reticulate leaves and more numerous, up to 22, glabrate monocarps, while the latter has proportionately narrower inner petals and less persistent indument of the twigs, leaves, and monocarps. An odd feature of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">X. gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not observed in the other two species or in fact in any African 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Xylopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is the tendency for inflorescences to be produced at the bases of expanding shoots, such that it is difficult to determine the inflorescence position. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia staudtii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="staudtii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Xylopia staudtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has occasionally been confused with 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">X. gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but lacks the hairy twigs and leaves and the inner petal glands, and has larger and distinctly arillate seeds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Descriptions of flower color for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Xylopia gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are inconsistent. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boutique, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="95 - 126" refId="B20" refString="Boutique, R, 1951a. Annonacees nouvelles de la flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat 21: 95 - 126" title="Annonacees nouvelles de la flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi." volume="21" year="1951 a">Boutique (1951a)</bibRefCitation>
, in the protologue for the species, described &quot;
<collectingCountry name="Indonesia">Flores</collectingCountry>
lutei,&quot; but on the label of the 
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
specimen, the flowers are described as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“olive-fauve,”">&quot;olive-fauve,&quot;</normalizedToken>
i.e. fawn-olive. Other collectors give flower colors such as brown-violet and purple, suggesting a darker color for the flowers. The lighter colors likely represent immature flowers. Endocarp color is unknown, but 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378906" author="Gautier-Hion, A" journalOrPublisher="Oecologia" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" pagination="324 - 337" refId="B61" refString="Gautier-Hion, A, Duplantier, J-M, Quris, R, Feer, F, Sourd, C, Decoux, J-P, Dubost, G, Emmons, L, Erard, C, Hecketsweiler, P, Moungazi, A, Roussilhon, C, Thiollay, J-M, 1985. Fruit characters as a basis of fruit choice and seed dispersal in a tropical forest vertebrate community. Oecologia 65: 324 - 337, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378906" title="Fruit characters as a basis of fruit choice and seed dispersal in a tropical forest vertebrate community." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378906" volume="65" year="1985">Gautier-Hion et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the seeds are dispersed by birds, monkeys, and small rodents, noting that the small rodents can also be predators on the seeds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Gabon" county="Ngok Banak" location="Two" municipality="Reitsma" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1953.6796" author="Sillans, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue Internationale de Botanique Appliquee et d'Agriculture Tropicale" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="548 - 557" refId="B153" refString="Sillans, R, 1953. Plantes ligneuses nouvelles d'Afrique tropicale. Revue Internationale de Botanique Appliquee et d'Agriculture Tropicale 33: 548 - 557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1953.6796" title="Plantes ligneuses nouvelles d'Afrique tropicale." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1953.6796" volume="33" year="1953">
<pageBreakToken pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="start">Sillans</pageBreakToken>
(1953)
</bibRefCitation>
, while mentioning 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">X. gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the protologue for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sillans" authorityYear="1953" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia ardua" order="Magnoliales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ardua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Xylopia ardua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, did not explain how the two species were to be distinguished. The 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. ardua" order="Magnoliales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="ardua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">X. ardua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while showing shorter and broader leaves than those of the 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">X. gilbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, overlaps widely with 
<typeStatus isOtherTypeStatus="true">other specimens</typeStatus>
in both qualitative and quantitative characters, and we have thus placed it in synonomy. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CADC97FF3885241B84148364D955E7A:757CD0EF6C6B52CD7E5AFDCA62C4A896" country="Gabon" county="Ngok Banak" municipality="Reitsma" name="Two">Two</location>
specimens from northern 
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<collectingMunicipality>Reitsma</collectingMunicipality>
et al. 1821
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<collectingCounty>Ngok Banak</collectingCounty>
et al. 1057
</emphasis>
, also with broader leaves, both differ somewhat from specimens elsewhere in having subcoriaceous leaves and longer stipes on the monocarps, but otherwise conform to this species
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
We calculated an EOO of 
<quantity metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.49251" unit="km" value="249251.0">249,251 km</quantity>
2 and an AOO of 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="km" value="52.0">52 km</quantity>
2 for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilberti" order="Magnoliales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilberti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Xylopia gilberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was given a conservation assessment of Vulnerable (D2) by 
<bibRefCitation author="Onana, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="B132" refString="Onana, JM, Cheek, M, 2011. Red Data Book of the flowering plants of Cameroon: IUCN global assessments. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" title="Red Data Book of the flowering plants of Cameroon: IUCN global assessments." year="2011">Onana and Cheek (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>