362 lines
54 KiB
XML
362 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="9D17D3BEE638B06A9E366CE7B50A44A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="3109" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab001" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9182a649-923b-4a69-bac0-d41873ded32e" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761660" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638522436050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Y. Miles, Egan, Scott P., Driscoe, Amanda L. & Ott, James R." docDate="2021" docId="03F4D96BFFC99C7EE3A9F9B8D02AFC6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab001.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab001" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Belonocnema" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1245" masterDocId="FFCDA113FFC09C75E022FFCBD553FFAA" masterDocTitle="One hundred and sixty years of taxonomic confusion resolved: Belonocnema (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) gall wasps associated with live oaks in the USA" masterLastPageNumber="1255" masterPageNumber="1234" pageNumber="1243" updateTime="1699471899821" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="627AB8AE8E667A2DF9ACE980DF558352">One hundred and sixty years of taxonomic confusion resolved: Belonocnema (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) gall wasps associated with live oaks in the USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93C9DE4B3760460489BF08B0C47C9481">Zhang, Y. Miles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47CA7B9355745BB4A77230B0839672D3">Egan, Scott P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F217181652CFDE1354599F8D8109D41">Driscoe, Amanda L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D7F3A0FE8B0B44373F68D3D41C6F0058">Ott, James R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B4328285565758FAFFC5F339E40F46ED">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F4D96BFFC99C7EE3A9F9B8D02AFC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5751511" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191130214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5751511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4D96BFFC99C7EE3A9F9B8D02AFC6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4D96BFFC99C7EE3A9F9B8D02AFC6D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1245" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">
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<subSubSection id="C3473BF6FFC99C7CE3A9F9B8D07DF926" box="[907,1326,1651,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFC99C7CE3A9F9B8D07DF926" blockId="9.[907,1326,1651,1676]" box="[907,1326,1651,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">
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<heading id="D0AADF11FFC99C7CE3A9F9B8D07DF926" box="[907,1326,1651,1676]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" reason="2">
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GENUS
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFC99C7CE3C0F9BFD07DF926" ID-CoL="39CR" ID-ENA="1159320" authority="(MAYR, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[994,1326,1651,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFC99C7CE3C0F9BFD1DCF920" box="[994,1167,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">BELONOCNEMA</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFC99C7CE4BDF9B8D075F926" author="Mayr GL" box="[1183,1318,1651,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref15764" refString="Mayr GL. 1881. Die Genera der gallenbewohnenden Cynipiden. Jahresbericht der Rossauer Communal-Oberrealschule: Wien 20: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1881">MAYR, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3473BF6FFC99C7CE30BF977D007F97B" box="[809,1364,1723,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFC99C7CE30BF977D007F97B" blockId="9.[809,1364,1723,1745]" box="[809,1364,1723,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">
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||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFC99C7CE30BF977D6EAF97B" box="[809,953,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">
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<typeStatus id="54E6D6DFFFC99C7CE30BF977D60DF97B" box="[809,862,1724,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFC99C7CE3EEF970D01CF97B" authority="(Mayr, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[972,1359,1723,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treatae">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFC99C7CE3EEF970D1EBF97B" box="[972,1208,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">Belonocnema treatae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFC99C7CE4E4F977D017F97B" author="Mayr GL" box="[1222,1348,1724,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref15764" refString="Mayr GL. 1881. Die Genera der gallenbewohnenden Cynipiden. Jahresbericht der Rossauer Communal-Oberrealschule: Wien 20: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1881">Mayr, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3473BF6FFC99C7FE30BF930D7EBF9A9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1244" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFC99C7FE30BF930D7EBF9A9" blockId="9.[809,1426,1786,1900]" lastBlockId="10.[163,779,1150,1540]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1244" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFC99C7CE30BF930D11CF8A5" box="[809,1103,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFC99C7CE391F931D11CF8A5" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[947,1103,1786,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Belonocnema</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFC99C7CE3B5F8D2D6AEF885" box="[919,1021,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
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genera by the combination of the curved spine on the anterior side of the fore tibia (
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<figureCitation id="136674F8FFC99C7CE544F8FCD61BF8C1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1243">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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), and the strongly angulate Rs with narrow black stripes, which form a short radial cell in the fore wing (
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<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE089FB56D5ACFB18" box="[171,255,1181,1203]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCA9C7FE12CFB56D70CFB18" author="Melika G & Abrahamson WG" box="[270,607,1181,1203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" pagination="150 - 190" refId="ref15830" refString="Melika G, Abrahamson WG. 2002. Review of the world genera of oak cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). In: Melika G, Thuroczy C, eds. Parasitic wasps: evolution, systematics, biodiversity and biological control. Budapest: Agroinform, 150 - 190." type="book chapter" year="2002">Melika & Abrahamson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus is restricted to live oaks (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCA9C7FE18BFB77D755FB7B" box="[425,518,1212,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE18BFB77D755FB7B" box="[425,518,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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section
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCA9C7FE246FB77D792FB7B" box="[612,705,1212,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE246FB77D792FB7B" box="[612,705,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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series
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCA9C7FE081FB10D452FB5A" box="[163,257,1243,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Virentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE081FB10D452FB5A" box="[163,257,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Virentes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Sexual-generation males have 15 antennal segments with F1 excavated, while the sexual females and asexual females have 14 and 13 antennal segments, respectively. The sexual females are larger than asexual-generation conspecifics (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCA9C7FE254FA9ED588FA22" author="Hood GR & Ott JR" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" pagination="1053 - 1064" refId="ref15538" refString="Hood GR, Ott JR. 2017. Independent life history evolution between generations of bivoltine species: a case study of cyclical parthenogenesis. Oecologia 183: 1053 - 1064." type="journal article" year="2017">Hood & Ott, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2A) based on measurement of the length of the right tibia length, often used as a proxy for body size, (e.g., the average tibial length of sexual females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCA9C7FE0E3FA1BD465FA4E" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[193,310,1487,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE0E3FA1BD465FA4E" box="[193,310,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">B. kinseyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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= 1.46 ±
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||
<quantity id="4CA5C598FFCA9C7FE18EFA04D770FA4F" box="[428,547,1487,1509]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" unit="mm" value="0.007">0.007 mm</quantity>
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vs. that of asexual females = 1.05 ±
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<quantity id="4CA5C598FFCA9C7FE146FA25D485F9A9" box="[356,470,1518,1539]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCA9C7FE1C3FA25D7FBF9A9" author="Hood GR & Ott JR" box="[481,680,1518,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" pagination="1053 - 1064" refId="ref15538" refString="Hood GR, Ott JR. 2017. Independent life history evolution between generations of bivoltine species: a case study of cyclical parthenogenesis. Oecologia 183: 1053 - 1064." type="journal article" year="2017">Hood & Ott, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2238F5FFCA9C7FE081FBCCD693FBF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761674/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" startId="10.[163,243,1031,1053]" targetBox="[163,1443,195,992]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCA9C7FE081FBCCD693FBF2" blockId="10.[163,1444,1031,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">
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||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE081FBCCD45DFBB6" bold="true" box="[163,270,1031,1053]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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||
Maximum likelihood tree for
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCA9C7FE27AFBCCD7B6FBB7" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[600,741,1031,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE27AFBCCD7B6FBB7" box="[600,741,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Belonocnema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
of the southern and south-eastern USA based on sampling of 23 populations and
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||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE173FBEFD42FFB90" box="[337,380,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">COI</emphasis>
|
||
data collected by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCA9C7FE215FBEFD65BFB90" author="Schuler H & Egan SP & Hood GR & Busbee RW & Driscoe AL & Ott JR" box="[567,776,1060,1082]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" pagination="37" refId="ref16393" refString="Schuler H, Egan SP, Hood GR, Busbee RW, Driscoe AL, Ott JR. 2018. Diversity and distribution of Wolbachia in relation to geography, host plant affiliation and life cycle of a heterogonic gall wasp. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 37." type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Schuler
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||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE2AFFBEED792FB90" box="[653,705,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2018)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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. Numbers at nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap and SH-aLRT. (See Supporting Information, Table S1 for corresponding site abbreviations.)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3473BF6FFCA9C7EE081F9E9D496FEBE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1245" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCA9C7FE081F9E9D023FA23" blockId="10.[163,780,1570,1899]" lastBlockId="10.[827,1444,1150,1417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCA9C7FE081F9E9D412F99D" box="[163,321,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Redescription:</emphasis>
|
||
Female antenna 13-segmented (asexual generation) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE16BF98AD4F5F9FC" box="[329,422,1601,1623]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 14-segmented (sexual generation) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE111F994D4D0F9DE" box="[307,387,1631,1653]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
), male antenna 15-segmented and filiform. Head weakly sculptured, almost smooth or alutaceous to finely coriaceous. Occiput without distinct and sharp occipital carina. Ventral area of genae without vertical carinae. Malar space much shorter than height of compound eye and malar sulcus present. Lower face without striae radiating from sides of clypeus. Mesoscutum smooth and shiny. Notauli complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE2C2F8FDD592F8C0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE29AF89ED656F8C0" box="[696,773,1877,1899]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE319FBB5D60BFB39" box="[827,856,1150,1171]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellar foveae present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE4A4FBB5D186FB39" box="[1158,1237,1150,1172]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE4C0FBB5D053FB39" box="[1250,1280,1150,1171]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleuron smooth and shiny. Propodeal carinae sharply curved. Second metasomal tergum large and medially setose. Radial cell of the forewings open, partially infumated, Rs strongly angulate, with or without areolet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE534FB32D039FAA4" box="[1302,1386,1273,1295]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE554FB32D0C6FAA4" box="[1398,1429,1273,1294]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore tibia prolonged on the anterior side into a curved spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE3A6FAFDD68BFAE1" box="[900,984,1334,1356]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCA9C7FE3C7FAFDD157FAE1" box="[997,1028,1334,1355]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1244">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with or without middle tibia curved spine. Tarsi with swollen base, not toothed. Body colour varies from light yellow to orange to reddish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<table id="F95D9ADDFFCB638AE0B3FF08D0C1FC71" box="[145,1426,195,987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FF2BD496FEBE" blockId="11.[170,1401,224,276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
KEY TO THE ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL GENERATIONS OF THE THREE
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE34EFF2AD127FF5F" box="[876,1140,225,246]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE34EFF2AD146FF5E" box="[876,1045,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">BELONOCNEMA</emphasis>
|
||
SPECIES
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
OF THE SOUTHERN AND SOUTH- EASTERN
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A28EDFFCB9C7EE1AAFF34D492FEBE" box="[392,449,255,276]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3473BF6FFCB9C7EE088FEE6D02AFC6D" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FEE6D02AFEE9" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" box="[170,1401,301,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FEE6D02AFEE9" box="[170,1401,301,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyStep id="30A970D8FFCB9C7EE088FEE6D02AFEE9" box="[170,1401,301,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<key id="FFCC3F4CFFCB9C7EE088FEE6D02AFEE9" box="[170,1401,301,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">1. Antennae with 14 (females) or 15 (males, F1 excavated) segments.............................. 2 (sexual generation)</key>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FE87D02AFEC8" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" box="[170,1401,332,354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FE87D02AFEC8" box="[170,1401,332,354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">1’. Antennae with 13 segments .......................................................................................... 4 (asexual generation)</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A970D8FFCB9C7EE088FEA0D02AFE76" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FEA0D02AFE34" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FEA0D02AFE34" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
2. Spur on the anterior side of fore tibia longer than basitarsus and tibial spurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE46EFEA0D1CEFE2A" box="[1100,1181,363,385]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Middle tibia with a smaller spur. Found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE1CFFE41D725FE35" ID-CoL="4R4ZH" box="[493,630,394,415]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE1CFFE41D725FE35" box="[493,630,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A28EDFFCB9C7EE2B9FE42D7A6FE35" box="[667,757,393,415]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Florida........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE521FE41D02AFE34" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[1283,1401,393,415]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE521FE41D02AFE34" box="[1283,1401,393,415]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">B. fossoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FE63D02AFE76" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FE63D02AFE76" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
2’. Spur on the anterior side of fore tibia shorter than basitarsus, approximately the same length as tibial spurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE139FE0CD43FFE76" box="[283,364,455,477]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Middle tibia without a spur. Found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE317FE0CD69BFE76" ID-CoL="4R4Z2" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[821,968,455,476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE317FE0CD69BFE76" box="[821,968,455,476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE3CFFE0CD1D7FE76" ID-CoL="7944S" box="[1005,1156,455,476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE3CFFE0CD1D7FE76" box="[1005,1156,455,476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A970D8FFCB9C7EE088FE2ED02AFD3E" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FE2ED02BFD92" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FE2ED02BFD92" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
3. Scutellar foveae deeply excavated, delimited on all sides, separated narrowly by a carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE4D3FE2ED010FE50" box="[1265,1347,485,507]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rs vein thickened but not infumated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE27EFDCFD7FDFDB3" box="[604,686,516,538]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found west of Gautier,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFCB9C7EE3ECFDCFD11CFDB0" box="[974,1103,516,538]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE690EBAFFCB9C7EE47CFDCFD18DFDB3" box="[1118,1246,516,538]" degrees="30.3858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" precision="5" value="30.3858">30.3858° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE690EBAFFCB9C7EE4CBFDCFD03DFDB3" box="[1257,1390,516,538]" degrees="88.6117" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" precision="5" value="-88.6117">88.6117° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE1A1FDE8D745FD92" ID-CoL="4R4Z2" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[387,534,547,568]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE1A1FDE8D745FD92" box="[387,534,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE26CFDE8D1A0FD92" box="[590,1267,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE26CFDE8D7B5FD92" ID-CoL="7944S" box="[590,742,547,568]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Q. virginiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................................................................
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
…
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE52EFDE8D02BFD92" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[1292,1400,547,568]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE52EFDE8D02BFD92" box="[1292,1400,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">B. kinseyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FD8AD02AFD3E" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FD8AD02AFD3E" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
3’. Scutellar foveae shallow, weakly delimited posteriorly, separated broadly by a ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE495FD8AD059FDFC" box="[1207,1290,577,599]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rs vein thickened and infumated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE226FDABD70BFDDF" box="[516,600,608,630]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found east of Gautier,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFCB9C7EE35EFDABD151FDDC" box="[892,1026,608,630]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, associated predominantly with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE0EFFDB4D437FD3E" ID-CoL="7944S" box="[205,356,639,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE0EFFDB4D437FD3E" box="[205,356,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rarely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE201FDB4D7FEFD3E" ID-CoL="4R4ZH" box="[547,685,639,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE201FDB4D7FEFD3E" box="[547,685,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE52FFDB4D02AFD3E" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1293,1401,639,660]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE52FFDB4D02AFD3E" box="[1293,1401,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">B. treatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A970D8FFCB9C7EE088FD56D02AFCE6" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FD56D02AFD5A" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FD56D02AFD5A" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
4. Spur on the anterior side of fore tibia longer than basitarsus and tibial spurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE46EFD56D1CEFD18" box="[1100,1181,669,691]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Middle tibia with a smaller spur. Fore wing small and curved, areolet absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE34CFD77D6EDFD7B" box="[878,958,700,722]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[292,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Belonocnema fossoria. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ ark:/65665/36d24dd5f-fe3b-4085-aecd-0568264b43a9, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761666/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE460FD77D198FD7B" ID-CoL="4R4ZH" box="[1090,1227,700,721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE460FD77D198FD7B" box="[1090,1227,700,721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A28EDFFCB9C7EE4CCFD77D01BFD78" box="[1262,1352,700,722]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Florida ................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE521FD10D02AFD5A" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[1283,1401,731,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE521FD10D02AFD5A" box="[1283,1401,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">B. fossoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FD32D02AFCE6" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FD32D02AFCE6" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
4’. Spur on the anterior side of fore tibia shorter than basitarsus, approximately the same length as tibial spurs. Middle tibia without a spur. Fore wing not curved, areolet present (could be small and indistinct) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE0F7FCFDD475FCE6" box="[213,294,822,844]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE18EFCFCD76DFCE6" ID-CoL="4R4Z2" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[428,574,823,844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE18EFCFCD76DFCE6" box="[428,574,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE241FCFCD7A8FCE6" ID-CoL="7944S" box="[611,763,823,844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE241FCFCD7A8FCE6" box="[611,763,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................................................................... 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A970D8FFCB9C7EE088FC9ED02AFC6D" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FC9ED02BFC23" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FC9ED02BFC23" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
5. Reddish brown in colour, areolet in fore wing small and indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE3DBFC9ED11DFCC0" box="[1017,1102,853,875]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found west of Gautier,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFCB9C7EE0EFFCBFD41CFC20" box="[205,335,884,906]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE233FCBFD7F0FC23" ID-CoL="4R4Z2" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[529,675,884,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE233FCBFD7F0FC23" box="[529,675,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE2FEFCBFD620FC23" ID-CoL="7944S" box="[732,883,884,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE2FEFCBFD620FC23" box="[732,883,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE52EFCBFD02BFC23" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[1292,1400,884,905]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE52EFCBFD02BFC23" box="[1292,1400,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">B. kinseyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCB9C7EE088FC59D02AFC6D" blockId="11.[170,1401,301,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
<keyLead id="30ACCB48FFCB9C7EE088FC59D02AFC6D" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">
|
||
5’. Yellowish brown in colour, areolet in fore wing large and distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCB9C7EE3DBFC59D103FC02" box="[1017,1104,914,936]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[275,1295,198,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[275,1295,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Belonocnema treatae. A, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female lectotype. B, dorsal habitus of sexualgeneration female lectotype. C, frontal view of sexual-generation female lectotype, arrow pointing to tibial spur. D, label of lectotype specimen. E. lateral habitus of asexual generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos A–D by Dominique Zimmermann, NHMW.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761664/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Found east of Gautier,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFCB9C7EE0EFFC7AD41CFC6D" box="[205,335,945,967]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, associated predominantly on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE285FC7AD66CFC6D" ID-CoL="7944S" box="[679,831,945,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE285FC7AD66CFC6D" box="[679,831,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rarely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE3DCFC7AD1D4FC6D" ID-CoL="4R4ZH" box="[1022,1159,945,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCB9C7EE3DCFC7AD1D4FC6D" box="[1022,1159,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245">Q. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCB9C7EE52FFC79D02AFC6D" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1293,1401,946,967]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treatae">B. treatae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |