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<document id="758777F7D59A73F317BFECE4C6E48BD6" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4174.1.22" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4174.1.22" ID-GBIF-Dataset="765a168f-a14b-40d3-be1f-8f6d82eab78a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262257" ID-ZooBank="C7196500-B74B-423D-9FE1-3EB079B7F106" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476208500721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huys, Rony" docDate="2016" docId="03AFBB1AFFB1FF800D8FFA09FE93FABC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4174.1.22.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4174 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="bradyi M'Intosh 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="379" masterDocId="FF96C362FFA7FF980D18FFC4FFE6FF8C" masterDocTitle="Enigmas from the past: MIntoshs (1885) annelidicolous copepods from the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger" masterLastPageNumber="385" masterPageNumber="355" pageNumber="377" updateTime="1698389425764" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D3BB2E1F761A23F0A5876FB993317787">Enigmas from the past: MIntoshs (1885) annelidicolous copepods from the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AFBB1AFFB1FF800D8FFA09FE93FABC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6071961" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6071961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFBB1AFFB1FF800D8FFA09FE93FABC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AFBB1AFFB1FF800D8FFA09FE93FABC" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFB1FF8E0D8FFA09FF1EF984" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0D8FFA09FD86FA6B" blockId="22.[151,608,1485,1545]" box="[151,608,1485,1511]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<heading id="D0F1BD60FFB1FF8E0D8FFA09FD86FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,608,1485,1511]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FFA09FD86FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,608,1485,1511]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FFA09FEA0FA6B" bold="true" box="[151,326,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0C55FA09FD86FA6B" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[333,608,1485,1511]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="bradyi">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0C55FA09FE7CFA6B" bold="true" box="[333,410,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">bradyi</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0D8FFA34FF1EF984" blockId="22.[151,608,1485,1545]" box="[151,248,1520,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
(
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFB1FF8E0D87FA34FF17F984" box="[159,241,1520,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFB1FF8E0D8FF9FCFCD3F9C2" box="[151,821,1592,1614]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0D8FF9FCFCD3F9C2" blockId="22.[151,1118,1592,1706]" box="[151,821,1592,1614]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FF9FCFEC1F9C2" box="[151,295,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0C35F9FCFDEDF9C2" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[301,523,1592,1614]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Trophonophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradii">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0C35F9FCFE8DF9C2" box="[301,363,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">bradii</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
—incorrect original spelling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFB1FF8E0D8FF992FC6BF963" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0D8FF992FBB8F926" blockId="22.[151,1118,1592,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB162D22FFB1FF8E0D8FF992FBB8F926" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FF992FEC1F9E0" box="[151,295,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0C35F992FDE9F9E0" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[301,527,1622,1644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Trophonophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradii">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0C35F992FE88F9E0" box="[301,366,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Bradii</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA72C1DFFB1FF8E0F32F992FD0CF9E0" author="Hansen" box="[554,746,1622,1644]" page="21" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB1FF8E0F32F992FD0CF9E0" author="Hansen" box="[554,746,1622,1644]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" refString="Hansen, H. J. (1892) Rhizorhina Ampeliscae n. gen., n. sp. En ny til Herpyllobiidae, n. fam., horende Copepod, snyltende paa Amp. laevigata Lilljb. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 3, 207 - 234, plate III." type="journal article" year="1892">Hansen (1892: 21)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
: incorrect subsequent spelling.
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FF9B1FEC1F907" box="[151,295,1653,1675]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0C35F9B1FDFFF907" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[301,537,1653,1675]" pageId="22" pageNumber="378" rank="species" species="bradyi">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0C35F9B1FE94F907" box="[301,370,1653,1675]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Bradyi</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AA72C1DFFB1FF8E0F3BF9B2FD39F907" author="Hansen" box="[547,735,1653,1675]" page="79" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB1FF8E0F3BF9B2FD39F907" author="Hansen" box="[547,735,1653,1675]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" refString="Hansen, H. J. (1923) Crustacea Copepoda. II. Copepoda parasita and hemiparasita. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 3 (7), 1 - 92, plates 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1923">Hansen (1923: 79)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
incorrect subsequent spelling.
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0D8FF950FDFFF926" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,537,1684,1706]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Trophonophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradii">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FF950FE97F926" box="[151,369,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Trophonophila bradii</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AA72C1DFFB1FF8E0F3AF950FCC4F926" author="Conradi" box="[546,802,1684,1706]" page="153" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB1FF8E0F3AF950FD17F926" author="Conradi" box="[546,753,1684,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" refString="Conradi, M., Bandera, M. E., Marin, I. &amp; Martin, D. (2015) Polychaete-parasitizing copepods from the deep-sea Kuril - Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean), with the description of a new Ophelicola species and comments on the currently known annelidicolous copepods. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 111, 147 - 165. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.08.018" type="journal article" year="2015">
Conradi
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0F62F951FD4BF926" box="[634,685,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">et al.</emphasis>
(2015
</bibRefCitation>
: 153
</treatmentCitation>
) incorrect subsequent spelling.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0D8FF912FC6BF963" blockId="22.[151,1437,1750,1991]" box="[151,909,1750,1775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0D8FF912FE76F963" bold="true" box="[151,400,1750,1775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Original description.</emphasis>
MIntosh (1885): 368, Plate XXXVIa, fig. 4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFB1FF8E0DDFF93EFB23F89F" box="[199,1221,1786,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0DDFF93EFB23F89F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1750,1991]" box="[199,1221,1786,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0DDFF93EFEE0F89F" bold="true" box="[199,262,1786,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0C15F93EFD47F89F" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[269,673,1786,1811]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0C15F93EFE3FF89F" box="[269,473,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Ilyphagus wyvillei</emphasis>
(MIntosh, 1885)
</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0FC8F93EFC44F89F" box="[720,930,1786,1811]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Trophonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0FC8F93EFC44F89F" box="[720,930,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Trophonia wyvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (family
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0913F93EFB5FF89F" box="[1035,1209,1786,1811]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Flabelligeridae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFB1FF8E0DDFF8DAFCA9F84B" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0DDFF8DAFC00F8D6" blockId="22.[151,1437,1750,1991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<materialsCitation id="3B6E0051FFB1FF8E0DDFF8DAFC00F8D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316540605" collectorName="H. M. S. Challenger" elevation="3566" latitude="-53.916668" location="Challenger station" longLatPrecision="1074" longitude="108.583336" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0DDFF8DAFE8CF8BB" bold="true" box="[199,362,1822,1847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<typeStatus id="54BDB4AEFFB1FF8E0DDFF8DAFEE4F8BB" box="[199,258,1822,1847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Embedded in specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0FAFF8E4FCCDF8BB" box="[695,811,1822,1847]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Trophonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0FAFF8E4FCCDF8BB" box="[695,811,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">I. wyvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trawled at
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0EA0F8DBFB77F8BB" box="[952,1169,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<collectorName id="26F36FDAFFB1FF8E0EA0F8DBFB77F8BB" box="[952,1169,1822,1847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
H.M.S.
<location id="8ED95CD7FFB1FF8E090BF8DAFB77F8BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFBB1AFFB1FF800D8FFA09FE93FABC:8ED95CD7FFB1FF8E090BF8DAFB77F8BB" box="[1043,1169,1822,1847]" latitude="-53.916668" longLatPrecision="1074" longitude="108.583336" name="Challenger station" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Challenger</location>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
station 157 (Antarctic Ocean);
<geoCoordinate id="EE326CCBFFB1FF8E0DEEF886FEBEF8D7" box="[246,344,1858,1883]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" precision="925" value="-53.916668">53º55 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE326CCBFFB1FF8E0C7DF887FE39F8D6" box="[357,479,1858,1883]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" precision="925" value="108.583336">108º 35 E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 1,950 fathoms (
<elevation id="002BED3FFFB1FF8E0FC7F886FCA7F8D7" box="[735,833,1858,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.566" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="3566.0">
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFB1FF8E0FC7F886FCA7F8D7" box="[735,833,1858,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.566" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="3566.0">3,566 m</quantity>
</elevation>
); diatom ooze.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB1FF8E0DDFF8A2FCA9F84B" blockId="22.[151,1437,1750,1991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0DDFF8A2FE56F8F3" bold="true" box="[199,432,1894,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">Material examined.</emphasis>
Holotype ♀ in alcohol (NHMUK reg. no. 1939.4.24.1); attached to the bases of the gills; collected
<date id="FFB82CCCFFB1FF8E0C1BF84FFE54F82F" box="[259,434,1930,1955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" value="1874-03-03">03 March 1874</date>
. Inspection of the dissected holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB1FF8E0E61F848FC0EF82F" box="[889,1000,1930,1955]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Trophonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB1FF8E0E61F848FC0EF82F" box="[889,1000,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="377">I. wyvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK reg. no. 85.12.1.261) failed to reveal the second specimen mentioned by MIntosh (1885).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF795A84FFB0FF8F0D8FF89EFC02F866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFB0FF8F0D8FF89EFC02F866" blockId="23.[151,1436,1882,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB0FF8F0D8FF89EFEF9F8E3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1882,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB0FF8F0C3DF89EFE53F8FC" box="[293,437,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB0FF8F0CA4F89EFD44F8FC" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[444,674,1882,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="378" rank="species" species="bradyi">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB0FF8F0CA4F89EFE18F8FC" box="[444,510,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="378">bradyi</emphasis>
MIntosh, 1885
</taxonomicName>
(♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c.p., copulatory pore; e.s., egg sac string; g.a., genital aperture; g.p., genital papillae; s.r., seminal receptacle; P6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c.d., copulatory duct; c.p., copulatory pore; s.r., seminal receptacle; P6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBFFF800DDFFF53FE61FDEC" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBFFF800DDFFF53FB4DFE90" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800DDFFF53FE1EFF3C" bold="true" box="[199,504,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Redescription of female.</emphasis>
Body highly transformed and lacking any external trace of segmentation or appendages; consisting of two parts, endosoma and ectosoma, possibly connected by short frontal stalk; stalk and endosoma presumably torn off during dissection. Ectosoma (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF800E26FF1BFC69FF74" box="[830,911,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
B) almost spherical, about 520 µm in diameter; frontal surface with numerous minute pores around connection with endosoma (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF80090FFEC0FB8EFE90" box="[1047,1128,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
D, E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBFFF800DDFFEE3FB65FE78" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
Genital apertures paired, located ventrolaterally almost on opposite side of stalk (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF80097AFEE3FB54FECC" box="[1122,1202,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
BD) and carried on highly sclerotized genital swellings; closed off by strongly developed semicircular opercula, derived from sixth legs; opercula with large membranous insert at base; opening and closing by strong muscles inserting on opercula and posterior wall of genital antra, respectively (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF800FA6FE50FCF6FE20" box="[702,784,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
BD). Small median copulatory pore located in shelf-like depression between genital apertures (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF800F57FE73FD44FE5C" box="[591,674,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
B, C), leading via short copulatory duct to seminal receptacle(s); small spiniform papillae discernible, positioned posteriorly to copulatory pore (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF800908FE18FB84FE78" box="[1040,1122,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,207,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[204,1383,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trophoniphila bradyi MIntosh, 1885 (♀). A, ectosoma and left egg-sac; B, ectosoma, posterior (c. p., copulatory pore; e. s., egg sac string; g. a., genital aperture; g. p., genital papillae; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); C, same, ventral (c. d., copulatory duct; c. p., copulatory pore; s. r., seminal receptacle; P 6, genital operculum derived from sixth leg); D, same, lateral (arrow indicating connection with endosoma); E, same, anterior, showing connection with endosome (arrowed stippled area) [inset showing detail of integumental pore]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262268/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBFFF800DDFFDC4FCE2FDB1" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
Egg sacs paired, very large, multiseriate, containing several hundreds of eggs; about
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFBFFF800966FE3BFB32FD9B" box="[1150,1236,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
long (approx. 7.0 times diameter of ectosoma) and
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFBFFF800F13FDE0FD87FDB0" box="[523,609,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
wide; clavate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBFFF800DDFFD83FE61FDEC" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1328]" box="[199,391,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800DDFFD83FEEDFDEC" bold="true" box="[199,267,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBFFF800DDFFDA8FE93FABC" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBFFF800DDFFDA8FEDBFCD1" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800DDFFDA8FEDDFD09" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Remarks.</emphasis>
MIntoshs (1885) original description is restricted to a single text paragraph and an illustration of the female habitus (
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBFFF800C69FD4BFE56FD24" box="[369,432,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionTargetBox="[344,1239,884,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[339,1247,879,1275]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasitic copepods described by MIntosh (1885). A, Leaniricola rotundata; B, Praxillinicola kroyeri; C, Oestrella levinseni; D, Trophoniphila bradyi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262258/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). He described the egg sac as fusiform or elongate-ovoid, yellowish, and projecting into the cephalic cage of the polychaete. MIntosh (1885) referred to Levinsens (1878) description of
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF8009E8FD70FA96FD41" box="[1264,1392,692,717]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF8009E8FD70FA96FD41" box="[1264,1392,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Bradophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but remarked that the size of the ectosoma and the attachment site of the egg sacs were different between both genera. He also used the number of egg sacs as a discriminating feature, erroneously assuming that only one was present in
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF800D8FFCE5FEE4FCB4" box="[151,258,799,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800D8FFCE5FEE4FCB4" box="[151,258,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">T. kroyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and believed the latter was closer to “… the larval form of Levinsens species” which actually represents the adult male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBFFF800DDFFCA3FE93FABC" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
The presence of a median copulatory pore in the adult females of both
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF80091CFCA3FB62FC0C" box="[1028,1156,871,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF80091CFCA3FB62FC0C" box="[1028,1156,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Bradophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF8009A7FCA3FAB8FC0C" box="[1215,1374,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
is of considerable significance in determining the familial position of these highly modified genera. This character is not displayed by any of the other mesoparasitic families that utilize polychaete hosts; instead the presumably paired copulatory pores are contained within the paired genital apertures of the female. Although
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBFFF800996FC10FAA0FC60" author="Levinsen" box="[1166,1350,980,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1878) Om nogle parasitiske Krebsdyr, der snylte hos Annelider. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, 1877 - 1878, 351 - 380, plate 6." type="journal volume" year="1878">Levinsen (1878)</bibRefCitation>
did not use the correct descriptive terminology, his account of the female genital system in
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF800940FC3DFB39FB9C" box="[1112,1247,1017,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800940FC3DFB39FB9C" box="[1112,1247,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">B. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was remarkably informative. Between the two lateral “protrusions” (genital apertures) he observed another smaller round protrusion with a central opening (copulatory pore), which he assumed to be the genital opening. After clearing in potassium hydroxide this opening was seen to continue upwards as a tube (copulatory duct). Neither a discrete copulatory pore nor duct were observed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBFFF800F9AFB43FC96FB2C" author="Marchenkov" box="[642,880,1159,1184]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" refString="Marchenkov, A. V. (1999 b) Symbiotic and parasitic Crustacea of benthic marine invertebrates from the Arctic Seas of Russia. Synopsis of Ph. D. dissertation, Saint Petersburg, 23 pp." type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="b">Marchenkov (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
who overlooked both structures. Re-examination of
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF800DA0FB69FED9FB48" box="[184,319,1197,1220]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800DA0FB69FED9FB48" box="[184,319,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">B. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF800C63FB69FE0CFB49" box="[379,490,1196,1221]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Clausiidae" genus="Praxillinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800C63FB69FE0CFB49" box="[379,490,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">T. kroyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a striking resemblance in the female genital system, suggesting that both species are closely related and belong to the same family. Additional evidence in support of the assignment of
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBFFF800D8FFB30FED0FA81" box="[151,310,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
to the
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBFFF800C9CFB30FDC5FA81" box="[388,547,1268,1293]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bradophilidae</taxonomicName>
is provided by the disproportionately large egg sacs, the shape of the ectosoma and host utilization.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>