532 lines
72 KiB
XML
532 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="68209C18840661E3DF9E7D73E658F6C7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4040.4.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a550faab-c101-432c-9378-7332011789b8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245309" ID-ZooBank="828BD39A-0921-4E9F-BBD8-F2D5B18C7B08" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461336904513" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Utz, Laura R. P., Santos, Mariana Silva Dos & Araujo, Gabriella Oliveira De" docDate="2015" docId="03CB1F584711FD68D3CBFD4AFC19C20F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04040p488.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4040 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epistylis smalli Utz, Santos & Araujo, 2015, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="487" masterDocId="FFF267204710FD6CD35CFFA2FFCAC551" masterDocTitle="Epistylis smalli (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) a new peritrich from Guaiba Lake, Southern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="483" pageNumber="484" updateTime="1698619411197" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="31DAA9533F1BACBFD7153B99BEDABD4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="661AB4AA0BD668BAD619991FCDF9874A">
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<mods:title id="4818215BC8098463A7B82CBF76EEA3E4">Epistylis smalli (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) a new peritrich from Guaiba Lake, Southern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="049425C858D60539F2CEDCD6E5AFBECD" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D60B20F046C1DB3B7531F6EEECD03064">
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<mods:roleTerm id="09E851EC08EC73A794B292A07C9695F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="30396FA73FF31AE07BFE3E1341668F25">Utz, Laura R. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC9B4883FD259CB95F373BD0E8006E42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="14483B9368063C6D2724E86AF1647B7F">Santos, Mariana Silva Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A2DE2AC7D518A6B4730597290514D409" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F8BA7273652C102B8E1EE5432ABCCC6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DDE775AE8AAB36D09BEC181EECC30BB7">Araujo, Gabriella Oliveira De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BF9D87244585CACCE9FAB856F5327275">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="88C13EA65818A40C47E847E0D9BFC9EB">
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<mods:title id="850C7261BC18474A0D341F50431FEB42">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8FDEAF3A6AAF96BBEA8C58758814FCB">
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<mods:date id="AFDD9F009385D6DA4A891C1464D30D1B">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="838B2614F2DB37305A2DEA1C6D86F994" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2FB121527B0B25C41E38C16960289A98">4040</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="60C09CEBA549CAB282A40BC2BE3CDC5D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2A8C98DBBC3A38CECB26772D640C9D01">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6E7B9DC036821101FFDD27A1F301CC85">483</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="22075063FE990BD4AC8BBE63562EC7D0">488</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4415E92484F00611536DB2CADE3CB813">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E82B2A7798F36316B32A69A6A09ED8BE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4040.4.10</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="166497ED3872DBD5FAFF3E798A9AD479" type="GBIF-Dataset">a550faab-c101-432c-9378-7332011789b8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A63998F1484580826185C2DAFE4E27AA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="354CE8F073B35BBD4D1FD3F49C69CBC3" type="Zenodo-Dep">245309</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CB1F584711FD68D3CBFD4AFC19C20F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5630370" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119644657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5630370" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB1F584711FD68D3CBFD4AFC19C20F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB1F584711FD68D3CBFD4AFC19C20F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<subSubSection id="C378FDC54711FD6DD3CBFD4AFE5DC652" box="[151,407,744,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD3CBFD4AFE5DC652" blockId="1.[151,407,744,771]" box="[151,407,744,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<heading id="D09519224711FD6DD3CBFD4AFE5DC652" bold="true" box="[151,407,744,771]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD3CBFD4AFE5DC652" bold="true" box="[151,407,744,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4711FD6DD3CBFD4AFE84C653" box="[151,334,744,770]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD3CBFD4AFE84C653" bold="true" box="[151,334,744,770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225CF274711FD6DD209FD4BFE5DC652" box="[341,407,745,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378FDC54711FD6DD3CBFC8DFAD7C689" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD3CBFC8DFAD7C689" blockId="1.[151,1437,815,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD3CBFC8DFEDBC619" bold="true" box="[151,273,815,840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Freshwater
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4711FD6DD2F8FC92FDCFC619" box="[420,517,816,840]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD2F8FC92FDCFC619" box="[420,517,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Epistylis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a dichotomously branched colony bearing elongate zooids measuring on average 173 µm in length, and 49 µm in width. A C-shaped macronucleus lies transversally on the oral half of the cell, close to the infundibulum. All infundibular polykinetids are composed of three rows of kinetosomes; Oral polykinetid 1 (OPK1) has rows of equal lengths, OPK2 ends at the adstomal curvature of PK1 and presents rows of different lengths, and PK3 has all rows of the same length and terminates at the adstomal end of OPK1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378FDC54711FD6DD39BFC46FEEEC171" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD39BFC46FEEEC171" blockId="1.[151,1437,815,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD39BFC46FEACC6AC" bold="true" box="[199,358,996,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<typeStatus id="54D910EC4711FD6DD39BFC46FEC8C6AC" box="[199,258,996,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Guaíba Lake (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE56C8894711FD6DD151FC46FDB4C6AC" box="[525,638,996,1021]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" precision="15" value="-30.110556">30º6'38"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE56C8894711FD6DD1D7FC46FCD9C6AC" box="[651,787,996,1021]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" precision="15" value="-51.260555">51º15'38"W</geoCoordinate>
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) located in Porto Alegre municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state,
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<collectingCountry id="F375EEDE4711FD6DD384FBA5FEEAC171" box="[216,288,1031,1056]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378FDC54711FD6DD39BFB8EFE9FC185" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD39BFB8EFEC7C139" blockId="1.[151,1437,815,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD39BFB8EFE84C114" bold="true" box="[199,334,1068,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This species name is dedicated to Eugene B. Small for his relevant contributions to ciliate taxonomy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD39BFBD6FE9FC185" blockId="1.[151,1437,815,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD39BFBD6FE65C1DC" bold="true" box="[199,431,1140,1165]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Deposition of Slide.</emphasis>
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One slide with protargol stained specimens was deposited in the Protist Collection of the Museum of Science and Technology of the Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul under the number MCTP3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378FDC54711FD68D39BFB7DFC19C20F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD39BFB7DFAD2C0A5" blockId="1.[151,1437,815,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD39BFB7DFDF8C1A9" bold="true" box="[199,562,1247,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Morphology of live specimens.</emphasis>
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Colonies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4711FD6DD19FFB43FCECC1A9" box="[707,806,1248,1272]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD19FFB43FCECC1A9" box="[707,806,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">E. smalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were dichotomously branched with secondary branches terminating at the same level (
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<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD2BBFAA6FDD5C04D" box="[487,543,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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A and 2A).
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<collectingCountry id="F375EEDE4711FD6DD1FAFAA6FD0FC04D" box="[678,709,1284,1308]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">As</collectingCountry>
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characteristic of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4711FD6DD0AAFAA6FB9CC04D" box="[1014,1110,1284,1308]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD0AAFAA6FB9CC04D" box="[1014,1110,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Epistylis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the basal or secondary stalks did not present spasmoneme (
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<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD2B8FA85FDD7C011" box="[484,541,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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A and 2B). The main basal stalk was considerably long (
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<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54711FD6DD7C0FA85FB25C011" box="[1180,1263,1319,1344]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of live colonies of Epistylis smalli attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E">Table 1</tableCitation>
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) and presented smooth longitudinal ridges (
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<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD285FAEEFDDEC035" box="[473,532,1356,1381]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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H). Live colonies had up to 34 zooids, but generally presented 6-8 zooids that were similar in size and shape. Zooids were elongate and ranged from 145 to 200 µm in length and from 45 to 80 µm in width (
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<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54711FD6DD273FA36FE4EC0FD" box="[303,388,1428,1453]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of live colonies of Epistylis smalli attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E">Table 1</tableCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD2E0FA36FE3EC0FD" box="[444,500,1428,1453]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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B and 2B). The peristomial lip was thick and wider than the body (
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<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54711FD6DD7B6FA36FAF5C0FD" box="[1258,1343,1428,1453]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of live colonies of Epistylis smalli attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E">Table 1</tableCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD62BFA36FF68C081" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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B and 2B). The epistomial disk was elevated (
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<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD1F1FA15FD2DC081" box="[685,743,1463,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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B) and about ½ as wide as the peristomial lip (
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<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54711FD6DD7ABFA15FA81C081" box="[1271,1355,1463,1488]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of live colonies of Epistylis smalli attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). A Cshape macronucleus was located on the first half of the cell close to the infundibulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD73EFA7EFB50C0A5" box="[1122,1178,1500,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C and 2B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4711FD6DD39BFA5DFD5FC2F5" blockId="1.[151,1437,815,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD39BFA5DFD94C349" bold="true" box="[199,606,1535,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Morphology of stained specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
The infraciliature and the nuclear apparatus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4711FD6DD728F9A2FAEAC349" box="[1140,1312,1536,1560]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4711FD6DD728F9A2FAEAC349" box="[1140,1312,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was easily recognized in protargol staining. The size of stained zooid ranged from 92.5 to 117.5 µm in length and from 42.5 to 57.5 µm in width (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54711FD6DD237F9E5FE0EC331" box="[363,452,1607,1632]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,239,798,821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,881,1302]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of Protargol stained colonies of Epistylis smalli collected from Guaiba Lake, Southern Brazil. A total of 16 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFCBCFD17C604" pageId="1" pageNumber="484" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFCBCFD17C604">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). A total of 26 somatic myonemes extend from the scopula to the epistomial disk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD629F9E5FF68C3D5" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). A C-shaped macronucleus lies on the first half of the cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD03DF9CEFC53C3D5" box="[865,921,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D and 2B). The oral infraciliature was typical of peritrich ciliates with an outer haplokinety and an inner polykinety that performs approximately 1 ½ turns before entering the infundibulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD296F916FDCBC39D" box="[458,513,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E and 2C). Inside the infundibulum the oral polykinetid 1 (OPK1) is accompanied by the infundibular polikinetids 2 (OPK2), and 3 (OPK3). All infundibular polykinetids present three rows of kinetosomes. The middle row of OPK1 is longer than the other two (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD090F95EFBC3C245" box="[972,1033,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E and 2C). Rows in OPK2 are of different lengths: the row closer to OPK1 is shorter than the others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD0E6F8BDFC3FC269" box="[954,1013,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F and 2C). All three rows of OPK2 terminate at the adstomal curvature of OPK1. OPK3 have three rows of kinetosomes of equal length that terminate above the adstomal end of OPK1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD145F8C5FD9BC2D1" box="[537,593,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G and 2C). The trochal band in the aboral half of the cell is composed by a single row of staggered kinetosomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4711FD6DD163F82EFDB3C2F5" box="[575,633,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">
|
||
Fig
|
||
<date id="FFDC888E4711FD6DD131F82EFDB3C2F5" box="[621,633,1932,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="484">1</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" ID-Table-UUID="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" targetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED3CBFF3AFEC6C5FE" bold="true" box="[151,268,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of live colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED1D1FF35FCF9C5FE" box="[653,819,151,175]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED1D1FF35FCF9C5FE" box="[653,819,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6ED3C3FF48FD66C7A5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<table id="F9625CEE47120293D3CBFF48FA46C7A5" box="[151,1420,234,756]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFF48FA46C44E" box="[151,1420,234,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFF48FD35C44E" box="[151,767,234,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D06BFF48FCBBC44E" box="[823,881,234,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Mean (µm)</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D0E1FF48FC3CC44E" box="[957,1014,234,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">SD* (µm)</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D771FF48FBA2C44E" box="[1069,1128,234,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Mode</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D7F6FF48FB2DC44E" box="[1194,1255,234,287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">CV** (%)</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D67CFF48FA46C44E" box="[1312,1420,234,287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFE90FA46C419" box="[151,1420,306,328]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFE90FD35C419" box="[151,767,306,328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Length of the Body from epistomial disk to aboral end</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFE90FCBBC419" box="[823,881,306,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">173.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FE90FC3CC419" box="[957,1014,306,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">16.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FE90FBA2C419" box="[1069,1128,306,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">187.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FE90FB2DC419" box="[1194,1255,306,328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFE90FA46C419" box="[1312,1420,306,328]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">145–200</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFEFEFA46C423" box="[151,1420,348,370]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFEFEFD35C423" box="[151,767,348,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Length of the body from peristomial lip to aboral end</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFEFEFCBBC423" box="[823,881,348,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">137.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FEFEFC3CC423" box="[957,1014,348,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">15</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FEFEFBA2C423" box="[1069,1128,348,370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">137.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FEFEFB2DC423" box="[1194,1255,348,370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">10.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFEFEFA46C423" box="[1312,1420,348,370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">112.5–165</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFE27FA46C4CA" box="[151,1420,389,411]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFE27FD35C4CA" box="[151,767,389,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of the Body below the peristomial lip</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFE27FCBBC4CA" box="[823,881,389,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">49.6</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FE27FC3CC4CA" box="[957,1014,389,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FE27FBA2C4CA" box="[1069,1128,389,411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">45</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FE27FB2DC4CA" box="[1194,1255,389,411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">13.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFE27FA46C4CA" box="[1312,1420,389,411]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">42.5–65</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFE0CFA46C495" box="[151,1420,430,452]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFE0CFD35C495" box="[151,767,430,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of the body at midpoint between oral and aboral ends</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFE0CFCBBC495" box="[823,881,430,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">55.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FE0CFC3CC495" box="[957,1014,430,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FE0CFBA2C495" box="[1069,1128,430,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">57.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FE0CFB2DC495" box="[1194,1255,430,452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">18.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFE0CFA46C495" box="[1312,1420,430,452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">45–80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFE7AFA46C4BF" box="[151,1420,472,494]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFE7AFD35C4BF" box="[151,767,472,494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of peristomial Lip</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFE7AFCBBC4BF" box="[823,881,472,494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">63.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FE7AFC3CC4BF" box="[957,1014,472,494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FE7AFBA2C4BF" box="[1069,1128,472,494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">62.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FE7AFB2DC4BF" box="[1194,1255,472,494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">8.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFE7AFA46C4BF" box="[1312,1420,472,494]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">57.5–72.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFDA3FA46C746" box="[151,1420,513,535]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFDA3FD35C746" box="[151,767,513,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of epistomial disk</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFDA3FCBBC746" box="[823,881,513,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">36.6</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FDA3FC3CC746" box="[957,1014,513,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FDA3FBA2C746" box="[1069,1128,513,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">37.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FDA3FB2DC746" box="[1194,1255,513,535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">13.3</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFDA3FA46C746" box="[1312,1420,513,535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">27.5–47.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFD88FA46C711" box="[151,1420,554,576]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFD88FD35C711" box="[151,767,554,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Thickness of peristomial Lip</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFD88FCBBC711" box="[823,881,554,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">24.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FD88FC3CC711" box="[957,1014,554,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FD88FBA2C711" box="[1069,1128,554,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">25</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FD88FB2DC711" box="[1194,1255,554,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">9.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFD88FA46C711" box="[1312,1420,554,576]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">20- 30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFDF6FA46C73B" box="[151,1420,596,618]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFDF6FD35C73B" box="[151,767,596,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of scopula</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFDF6FCBBC73B" box="[823,881,596,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">18.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FDF6FC3CC73B" box="[957,1014,596,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FDF6FBA2C73B" box="[1069,1128,596,618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">17.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FDF6FB2DC73B" box="[1194,1255,596,618]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">46.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFDF6FA46C73B" box="[1312,1420,596,618]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">2.5–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFDDFFA46C7C2" box="[151,1420,637,659]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFDDFFD35C7C2" box="[151,767,637,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Length of basal stalk</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFDDFFCBBC7C2" box="[823,881,637,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">371.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FDDFFC3CC7C2" box="[957,1014,637,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">153.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FDDFFBA2C7C2" box="[1069,1128,637,659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">300</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FDDFFB2DC7C2" box="[1194,1255,637,659]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">41.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFDDFFA46C7C2" box="[1312,1420,637,659]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">152.5–770</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFD04FA46C7ED" box="[151,1420,678,700]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFD04FD35C7ED" box="[151,767,678,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of basal stalk</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D06BFD04FCBBC7ED" box="[823,881,678,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">15.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E1FD04FC3CC7ED" box="[957,1014,678,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D771FD04FBA2C7ED" box="[1069,1128,678,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">17.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7F6FD04FB2DC7ED" box="[1194,1255,678,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">26.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D67CFD04FA46C7ED" box="[1312,1420,678,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">10–17.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFD7FFA46C7A5" box="[151,1420,733,756]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFD7FFD35C7A5" box="[151,767,733,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">* Standard Deviation; ** Coefficient of Variation.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFCBCFD17C604" ID-Table-UUID="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFCBCFD17C604" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFCBCFD17C604" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" targetBox="[151,1404,881,1302]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6ED3CBFCBCFD17C604" blockId="2.[151,1436,797,853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED3CBFCBCFEC0C664" bold="true" box="[151,266,798,821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of Protargol stained colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED055FCBFFC67C664" box="[777,941,797,821]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED055FCBFFC67C664" box="[777,941,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from Guaiba Lake, Southern Brazil. A total of 16 zooids were measured for each character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6ED3C3FCD3FED1C047" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<table id="F9625CEE47120293D3CBFCD3FAB6C047" box="[151,1404,881,1302]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFCD3FAB6C6F7" box="[151,1404,881,934]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFCD3FD35C6F7" box="[151,767,881,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D066FCD3FCBEC6F7" box="[826,884,881,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Mean (µm)</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D0E5FCD3FC27C6F7" box="[953,1005,881,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">SD* (µm)</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D778FCD3FB0FC6F7" box="[1060,1221,881,934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Mode CV** (%)</th>
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D7A3FCD3FAB6C6F7" box="[1279,1404,881,934]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFC1BFAB6C69E" box="[151,1404,953,975]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFC1BFD35C69E" box="[151,767,953,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Total length of the body from epistomial disk to aboral end</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D066FC1BFCBEC69E" box="[826,884,953,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">104.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E5FC1BFC27C69E" box="[953,1005,953,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D778FC1BFB0FC69E" box="[1060,1221,953,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">100 6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7A3FC1BFAB6C69E" box="[1279,1404,953,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">92.5 – 117.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFC40FAB6C6A9" box="[151,1404,994,1016]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFC40FD35C6A9" box="[151,767,994,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of the body at midpoint between oral and aboral ends</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D066FC40FCBEC6A9" box="[826,884,994,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">47.6</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E5FC40FC27C6A9" box="[953,1005,994,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D778FC40FB0FC6A9" box="[1060,1221,994,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">47.5 8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7A3FC40FAB6C6A9" box="[1279,1404,994,1016]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">42.5 – 57.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFBAEFAB6C173" box="[151,1404,1036,1058]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFBAEFD35C173" box="[151,767,1036,1058]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Distance between Trochal Band and Scopula</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D066FBAEFCBEC173" box="[826,884,1036,1058]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E5FBAEFC27C173" box="[953,1005,1036,1058]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D778FBAEFB0FC173" box="[1060,1221,1036,1058]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">10 3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7A3FBAEFAB6C173" box="[1279,1404,1036,1058]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">10 - 15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFB97FAB6C11A" box="[151,1404,1077,1099]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFB97FD35C11A" box="[151,767,1077,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Length of the Macronucleus</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D066FB97FCBEC11A" box="[826,884,1077,1099]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">39.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E5FB97FC27C11A" box="[953,1005,1077,1099]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D778FB97FB0FC11A" box="[1060,1221,1077,1099]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">40 23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7A3FB97FAB6C11A" box="[1279,1404,1077,1099]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">15 - 50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFBFCFAB6C125" box="[151,1404,1118,1140]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFBFCFD35C125" box="[151,767,1118,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Width of Macronucleus at Midpoint</th>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D066FBFCFCBEC125" box="[826,884,1118,1140]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D0E5FBFCFC27C125" box="[953,1005,1118,1140]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D778FBFCFB0FC125" box="[1060,1221,1118,1140]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">5.0 20.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7683C57047120293D7A3FBFCFAB6C125" box="[1279,1404,1118,1140]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">5.0 – 7.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFB37FAB6C1FD" box="[151,1404,1173,1196]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFB37FD35C1FD" box="[151,767,1173,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">* Standard Deviation; ** Coefficient of Variation.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3552AC0C47120293D3CBFB5EFAB6C047" box="[151,1404,1276,1302]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="7683C57047120293D3CBFB5EFD35C047" box="[151,767,1276,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6ED3CBFAE0FC5AC35E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1346,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
Species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED2D0FAE1FD76C00A" authority="Ehremberg, 1830" authorityName="Ehremberg" authorityYear="1830" box="[396,700,1346,1371]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED2D0FAE1FE26C00A" box="[396,492,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis</emphasis>
|
||
Ehremberg, 1830
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are colonial having contractile zooids on top of non-contractile stalks. Morphologically species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED17FFAC4FD49C02F" box="[547,643,1382,1406]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED17FFAC4FD49C02F" box="[547,643,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are identified by the size and shape of the zooid, overall shape of the colony, and arrangement of the oral polykinetids revealed by protargol impregnation. The species collected from the Guaiba Lake in the present study was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED04FFA0CFC0BC097" box="[787,961,1454,1478]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED04FFA0CFC0BC097" box="[787,961,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225CF274712FD6ED097FA0CFBC1C096" box="[971,1035,1454,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED097FA0CFBC1C096" bold="true" box="[971,1035,1454,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
after being compared with several species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED2D9FA71FE2FC0BA" box="[389,485,1491,1515]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED2D9FA71FE2FC0BA" box="[389,485,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species presented similar zooid and colony shape, and sometimes a similar zooid size, but differed in other relevant morphologhical characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6ED39BF9B9FC55C25A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1346,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED232F9B9FCC2C362" authority="Kellicott, 1855" authorityName="Kellicott" authorityYear="1855" box="[366,776,1562,1587]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED232F9B9FD86C363" box="[366,588,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis constricta</emphasis>
|
||
Kellicott, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents an elevated epistomial disk, and a contractile vacuole below the peristomial border similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED1F0F99DFCC4C307" box="[684,782,1598,1622]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED1F0F99DFCC4C307" box="[684,782,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has a smaller size, presents transversal folds when the zooid is contracted and generally is observed as epibiont (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4712FD6ED067F9C0FAD4C32A" author="Kahl" box="[827,1310,1634,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" refString="Kahl, A. (1935) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 4. Peritricha und Chonotricha, In: Dahl, F. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Gustaf Fischer, Jena, pp. 651 - 805." type="book chapter" year="1935">
|
||
Kahl, 1935; See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54712FD6ED75CF9C0FB9CC32A" box="[1024,1110,1634,1659]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of live colonies of Epistylis smalli attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for comparisons
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED66FF9C1FED9C3CE" authority="Svec, 1897" authorityName="Svec" authorityYear="1897" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rotans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED66FF9C1FA51C32B" box="[1331,1435,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. rotans</emphasis>
|
||
Sveç, 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a slender zooid, but differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED1EBF925FCD1C3CF" box="[695,795,1670,1694]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED1EBF925FCD1C3CF" box="[695,795,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the organization of the colony, the ability to swim and in the epibiotic way of life (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4712FD6ED2B4F908FDA4C392" author="Kahl" box="[488,622,1706,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" refString="Kahl, A. (1935) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 4. Peritricha und Chonotricha, In: Dahl, F. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Gustaf Fischer, Jena, pp. 651 - 805." type="book chapter" year="1935">Kahl, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED1D9F909FBC7C392" authority="Kellicott, 1883" authorityName="Kellicott" authorityYear="1883" box="[645,1037,1706,1731]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="niagarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED1D9F909FC9CC393" box="[645,854,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis niagarae</emphasis>
|
||
Kellicott, 1883
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an prominent epistomial disk similar to the studied species, but differs from it in the size of the zooid, in the presence of a strongly projected snout when contracting, and in the epibiotic way of life (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4712FD6ED04DF950FC59C25A" author="Kahl" box="[785,915,1778,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" refString="Kahl, A. (1935) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 4. Peritricha und Chonotricha, In: Dahl, F. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Gustaf Fischer, Jena, pp. 651 - 805." type="book chapter" year="1935">Kahl, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4712FD6FD39BF8B4FAA0C584" blockId="2.[151,1437,1346,2019]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED39BF8B4FD67C27E" authority="Bishop & Jahn, 1941" authorityName="Bishop & Jahn" authorityYear="1941" box="[199,685,1814,1839]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED39BF8B4FE72C27F" box="[199,440,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Epistylis chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
Bishop & Jahn, 1941
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the described species most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED72DF8B5FB1EC27F" box="[1137,1236,1814,1838]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED72DF8B5FB1EC27F" box="[1137,1236,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED6D8F8B5FEE8C202" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED6D8F8B5FEE8C202" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slender measuring 120 – 220 µm in length and 60 – 110 µm in width, which is in the range found for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED39BF8FDFEF9C227" box="[199,307,1886,1910]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED39BF8FDFEF9C227" box="[199,307,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E09BF54712FD6ED216F8FCFE6DC226" box="[330,423,1886,1911]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,234,756]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of live colonies of Epistylis smalli attached to slides collected from Guaiba lake, Southern Brazil. A total number of 20 zooids were measured for each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" tableUuid="DF1DFEC64712FD6ED3CBFF3AFC4EC59E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the macronucleus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED039F8FDFBDDC227" box="[869,1047,1886,1910]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED039F8FDFBDDC227" box="[869,1047,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is C-shaped and surrounds the infundibulum as observed for the species described here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4712FD6ED07AF820FC95C2CA" box="[806,863,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C and 2B). On the other hand, the arrangement of the oral polykinetids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED2FFF805FD87C2EF" box="[419,589,1958,1982]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED2FFF805FD87C2EF" box="[419,589,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from the observed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED08CF805FBF9C2EF" box="[976,1075,1958,1982]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED08CF805FBF9C2EF" box="[976,1075,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The oral polykinetid 1 (OPK1) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED3EAF869FE92C2B2" box="[182,344,1995,2019]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED3EAF869FE92C2B2" box="[182,344,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E.chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three rows of kinetosomes of equal length, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4712FD6ED0BCF869FB8EC2B2" box="[992,1092,1995,2019]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4712FD6ED0BCF869FB8EC2B2" box="[992,1092,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the middle row is longer than the other two (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B2CB4713FD6FD21DFF35FEB6C5E1" box="[321,380,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,267,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of in vivo and protargol stained specimens of Epistylis smalli n. sp. A. General view of a colony of E. smalli. B. Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip. C. Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow). D. Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus. E. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1. F. Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2. G. Protargol stained zooid showing OPK 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E and 2C). The rows in OPK3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4713FD6FD050FF3BFC72C5E1" box="[780,952,152,176]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD050FF3BFC72C5E1" box="[780,952,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">E. chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
terminate at the same level of OPK1 and OPK2, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4713FD6FD211FF1FFE7BC585" box="[333,433,188,212]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD211FF1FFE7BC585" box="[333,433,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
OPK3 terminates above the adstomal end of OPK1. OPK2 is similar in both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DFEC64713FD6FD3CBF95AFC94C2D8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245310/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" targetBox="[151,1436,267,1759]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4713FD6FD3CBF95AFC94C2D8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1784,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD3CBF95AFED8C25C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1784,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Photomicrographs of
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD2AEF95BFDFCC25F" box="[498,566,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and protargol stained specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4713FD6FD0FCF95AFBF1C25F" box="[928,1083,1784,1806]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD0FCF95AFBF1C25F" box="[928,1083,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD71DF95AFB52C25C" bold="true" box="[1089,1176,1784,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225CF274713FD6FD71DF95AFBB0C25C" box="[1089,1146,1784,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
General view of a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4713FD6FD3EAF8BAFEDFC27D" box="[182,277,1814,1837]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD3EAF8BAFEDFC27D" box="[182,277,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD27AF8B5FEF6C27D" bold="true" box="[294,316,1815,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the zooid. The arrow shows the elevated epistomial disk, and the arrow head shows the thick peristomial lip.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD266F897FE98C21A" bold="true" box="[314,338,1845,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the zooid showing the C-shaped macronucleus (arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD0A3F894FBD2C21A" bold="true" box="[1023,1048,1846,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Protargol stained zooids showing the macronucelus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD268F8F6FE86C238" bold="true" box="[308,332,1876,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD75DF8F6FBD8C238" bold="true" box="[1025,1042,1876,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Protargol stained zooid showing the infundibular polykinetid 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4713FD6FD2F1F8D1FE0BC2D8" bold="true" box="[429,449,1907,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Protargol stained zooid showing OPK3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DFEC64714FD68D3CBFA4CFAD0C373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245311/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[231,1387,209,1467]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4714FD68D3CBFA4CFAD0C373" blockId="4.[151,1436,1518,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D3CBFA4CFED8C352" bold="true" box="[151,274,1518,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4714FD68D159FA4CFD6AC355" box="[517,672,1518,1540]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D159FA4CFD6AC355" box="[517,672,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Epistylis smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D1F0FA4CFD0FC352" bold="true" box="[684,709,1518,1539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Live colony showing the branching pattern.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D7D4FA4CFB55C352" bold="true" box="[1160,1183,1518,1539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Protargol stained colony showing the position of the C-shaped macronuscleus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D1E6F9AEFD18C373" bold="true" box="[698,722,1548,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Infundibular polykinetids from a protargol stained zooid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDAE4E4714FD68D39BF9CFFC19C20F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1645,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
The arrangement of kinetosomal rows in oral polykinetids has been used by several authors to distinguish species in peritrich ciliates (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4714FD68D15DF930FC57C3FB" author="Esteban" box="[513,925,1682,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refString="Esteban, G. & Fernandez-Galiano, D. (1989) Morphology and morphogenesis in Carchesium polypinum (Ciliophora, Peritrichida). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108, 345 - 353." type="journal article" year="1989">Esteban & Fernandez-Galiano, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4714FD68D0F5F930FB0FC3FB" author="Leitner" box="[937,1221,1682,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refString="Leitner, A. R. & Foissner, W. (1997) Taxonomic characterization of Epicarchesium granulatum (Kellicott, 1887) Jankowski, 1985 and Pseudovorticella elongata (Fromentel, 1876) nov. comb., two peritrichs (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from activated sludge. European Journal of Protistology, 33, 13 - 29." type="journal article" year="1997">Leitner & Foissner, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4714FD68D78DF930FAAFC3FA" author="Clamp" box="[1233,1381,1682,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refString="Clamp, J. J. (2005) Redescription of Lagenophrys maxillaris (Jankowski, 1993) (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Lagenoprhyidae) an ectosymbiont of marine amphipods. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 52, 38 - 43." type="journal article" year="2005">Clamp, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4714FD68D62DF930FED6C39F" author="Sun" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refString="Sun, P., Song, W. B. & Warren, A. (2006) Taxonomic characterization of two marine peritrichous ciliates, Epicarchesium corlissi n. sp and Pseudovorticella jiangi n. sp. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia), from northern China. European Journal of Protistology, 42, 281 - 289." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sun
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D3CBF915FF1BC39F" box="[151,209,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Utz
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D200F915FE5CC39F" box="[348,406,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014). The relative length of rows and the points they terminate is definitive for species identification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4714FD68D267F978FE39C3A2" author="Sun" box="[315,499,1754,1779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refString="Sun, P., Song, W. B. & Warren, A. (2006) Taxonomic characterization of two marine peritrichous ciliates, Epicarchesium corlissi n. sp and Pseudovorticella jiangi n. sp. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia), from northern China. European Journal of Protistology, 42, 281 - 289." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sun
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D22CF979FE63C3A3" box="[368,425,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D3BF4714FD68D2A2F978FCD1C3A3" author="Gentekaki" box="[510,795,1754,1779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refString="Gentekaki, E. & Lynn, D. H. (2010) Evidence for cryptic speciation in Carchesium polypinum Linnaeus, 1758 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological markers. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 57, 508 - 519." type="journal article" year="2010">Gentekaki & Lynn, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite the similarities in the size and shape of the live zooid and the overall shape of the colonies observed between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4714FD68D02BF95DFBEFC247" box="[887,1061,1790,1814]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D02BF95DFBEFC247" box="[887,1061,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E. chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4714FD68D738F95DFB06C247" box="[1124,1228,1790,1814]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D738F95DFB06C247" box="[1124,1228,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differences were pointed out in the pattern of kinetosomal rows in the oral polykinetids. These differences are strong enough to consider a species-level distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4714FD68D1D5F8E5FCF8C20F" box="[649,818,1862,1886]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chrysemydis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D1D5F8E5FCF8C20F" box="[649,818,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E. chrysemydis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D5CD4714FD68D035F8E5FC06C20F" box="[873,972,1862,1886]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Epistylididae" genus="Epistylis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916725C4714FD68D035F8E5FC06C20F" box="[873,972,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E. smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |