644 lines
154 KiB
XML
644 lines
154 KiB
XML
<document id="A1D274C4FD6FBB14B12CFE66ABDB939E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276087" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38eecf64-5305-459a-8a52-a55b1a23153e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276087" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460292765585" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D." docDate="2010" docId="03CB19657210FFE5FF5BB63FFB47FC19" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02630p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2630" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pandava Lehtinen 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFF2611D7212FFE6FFCCB71DFFCBFF85" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="30" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698251703918" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FF58647727AB948B1D7B895D3CC810B8">Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="27E793CA335DA2887F23B4B2EC01F555" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5F71064F73A2F33CC33C801E8FFD12D9">Almeida-Silva, Lina M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="219A33D37E8180D09B930E52660209A2">Griswold, Charles E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA2391B3A5F3551DD25D2FBBD5537728">Brescovit, Antonio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BD73D527B2A0B74702DC7CC7E1422D54">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="41D45112864A79D8A6A1AF2F7747AAB8">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="06BC731C58505A4CC6961D9B0431ADCB">2630</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CB19657210FFE5FF5BB63FFB47FC19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6211645" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119398934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6211645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB19657210FFE5FF5BB63FFB47FC19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB19657210FFE5FF5BB63FFB47FC19" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="8BDDA8737210FFE4FF5BB63FFE0AFEB9" blockId="2.[151,449,290,316]" box="[151,449,290,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FF5BB63FFE0AFEB9" ID-CoL="6D5Q" ID-ENA="286126" authority="Lehtinen, 1967" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,449,290,316]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB63FFE0AFEB9" bold="true" box="[151,449,290,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB63FFECAFEB9" bold="true" box="[151,257,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Pandava</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FEC4B63FFE0AFEB9" author="Lehtinen" box="[264,449,290,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C378FBF87210FFE4FF5BB677FC58FE24" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDDA8737210FFE4FF5BB677FC58FE24" blockId="2.[151,1436,362,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB728F5D7210FFE4FF5BB677FC58FE24" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FF5BB677FE2AFE04" ID-CoL="6D5Q" authority="Lehtinen, 1967: 255" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,481,362,385]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB677FF3DFE04" box="[151,246,362,385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Pandava</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC38E627210FFE4FECCB677FE2AFE04" author="Lehtinen" box="[256,481,362,385]" page="255" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FECCB677FE62FE04" author="Lehtinen" box="[256,425,362,385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 255
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 425–426, 440. Type-species by monotypy and original designation:
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FAD7B677FDCAFE24" authority="Thorell, 1878: 168" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1878" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Amaurobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FAD7B677FEFBFE24" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Amaurobius laminatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC38E627210FFE4FEFBB697FDCAFE24" author="Thorell" box="[311,513,394,417]" page="168" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FEFBB697FE00FE24" author="Thorell" box="[311,459,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Thorell, T. (1878) Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. II. Ragni di Amboina raccolti Prof. O. Beccari. Annali di Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Genova, 13, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1878">Thorell, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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: 168
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC38E627210FFE4FDC0B697FD2DFE24" author="Lehtinen" box="[524,742,394,417]" page="255" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FDC0B697FD7AFE24" author="Lehtinen" box="[524,689,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 255
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FD3DB697FC44FE24" author="Platnick" box="[753,911,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2010) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html, accessed 14 / 05 / 2010." type="journal article" year="2010">Platnick, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378FBF87210FFE4FF5BB6D2FD8AFCBC" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDDA8737210FFE4FF5BB6D2FD8AFCBC" blockId="2.[151,1437,463,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB6D2FED3FE6C" bold="true" box="[151,280,463,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FE5DB6CDFE31FE6C" box="[401,506,464,489]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE5DB6CDFE31FE6C" box="[401,506,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Pandava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FD41B6CDFD35FE6C" box="[653,766,464,489]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Anuvinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FD41B6CDFD35FE6C" box="[653,766,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Anuvinda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FCC2B6CDFCA6FE6C" box="[782,877,464,489]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Goeldia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FCC2B6CDFCA6FE6C" box="[782,877,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Goeldia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FCB1B6CDFC10FE6C" box="[893,987,464,489]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Nurscia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FCB1B6CDFC10FE6C" box="[893,987,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Nurscia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FBD9B6CDFB41FE6C" box="[1045,1162,464,489]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Titanoeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FBD9B6CDFB41FE6C" box="[1045,1162,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Titanoeca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the reduced tegular process near the base of the embolus (
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<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD83B6E8FD14FD8A" box="[591,735,501,527]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
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); by the thumb-shaped median apophysis (
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<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB03B6E8FAEEFD8A" box="[1231,1317,501,527]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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), which is absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FEC0B507FEA0FDB6" box="[268,363,538,564]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shiva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FEC0B507FED0FDB6" box="[268,283,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FEE7B507FEA0FDB6" box="[299,363,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">shiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FEBFB507FE1FFDB1" bold="true" box="[371,468,538,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FEBFB507FE1FFDB1" box="[371,468,538,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE29B507FDF4FDB1" box="[485,575,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
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) and divided in all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FCBFB507FBC6FDB1" box="[883,1037,538,564]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Titanoecidae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FBD2B507FAD5FDB1" author="Griswold" box="[1054,1310,538,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Griswold, C. E., Ramirez, M. J., Coddington, J. A. & Platnick, N. I. (2005) Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of California Academy of Sciences, 56 (Suppl. II), 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
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||
Griswold
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||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FB54B507FB1EFDB6" box="[1176,1237,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 275, figs. 174B, 174C;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FEFFB55DFDBAFDDF" author="Almeida-Silva" box="[307,625,576,602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Almeida-Silva, L. M., Brescovit, A. D. & Dias, S. C. (2009 a) A new species of Goeldia (Araneae: Titanoecidae) with notes on its natural history. Zoologia (Curitiba), 26, 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Almeida-Silva
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||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE28B55DFDD4FDDC" box="[484,543,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 365, figs. 2, 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FCE6B55DFBA1FDDF" author="Almeida-Silva" box="[810,1130,576,602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Almeida-Silva, L. M., Brescovit, A. D. & Griswold, C. E. (2009 b) On the poorly known genus Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 (Araneae: Titanoecidae). Zootaxa, 2266, 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Almeida-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FC10B55DFBDDFDDC" box="[988,1046,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2009b
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 63, figs. 1, 2, 4). Females differ from other
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FEA8B578FE31FDFA" box="[356,506,613,639]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Titanoecidae</taxonomicName>
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||
by the anteriorly positioned epigynal rims (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC32B578FBABFDFA" box="[1022,1120,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="9.[151,273,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar): 21. Epigynum, ventral view; 22. Vulva, dorsal view; 23. Vulva, anterior view; 24. Vulva, left spermathecae; 25. Vulva, right spermathecae showing two primary pores and one giant pore in spermathecae base (arrows); 26. Left copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S— Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FBA1B578FB46FDFA" box="[1133,1165,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB55B578FB2DFDFA" box="[1177,1254,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 52" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1473]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 52. Pandava hunanensis, female (paratype, Hunan): 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Carapace, frontal view; 48 and 50. Epigynum, ventral view; 49 and 52. Vulva, dorsal view; 51. Vulva, left spermatheca. Abbreviations: CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae; SD— Sinuous depression. Scale bar of figure 47 also applies to figure 46 and scale bar of figure 50 also applies to figures 48 – 52." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">48, 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB3EB578FAD9FDFA" box="[1266,1298,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FAD3B578FAF4FDFA" box="[1311,1343,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">73</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FA87B578FAA0FDFA" box="[1355,1387,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">88</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FABBB578FA5CFDFA" box="[1399,1431,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">90</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FF5BB597FF7CFD21" box="[151,183,650,676]" captionStart="FIGURES 99 – 100" captionStartId="23.[151,270,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,1033,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,1027,1520]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 99 – 100. Pandava ganga sp. nov. Ψ from Mysore, India (CAS 9025946). 99. Epigynum, ventral view; 100. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; S— Spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">99</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FF08B597FF38FD21" box="[196,243,650,676]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 102" captionStartId="24.[151,271,640,664]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,201,611]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,194,618]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 102. Pandava kama sp. nov. Ψ from Karnataka, India (CAS 9036788). 101. Epigynum, ventral view; 102. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD— Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276107/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">101</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FECCB597FEE4FD21" box="[256,303,650,676]" captionStart="FIGURES 103 – 104" captionStartId="25.[151,271,897,921]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,397,872]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,383,876]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103 – 104. Pandava ganesha sp. nov. Ψ from Chennai, India (CASENT 9029813). 103. Epigynum, ventral view; 104. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">103</figureCitation>
|
||
), which sometimes cover the copulatory openings; epigynum round and elevated in the median region; spermathecae elongated and varying in number: more than six in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FBDEB5ADFB50FD4C" box="[1042,1179,688,713]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FBDEB5ADFB50FD4C" box="[1042,1179,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. laminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB61B5ADFA8BFD4F" box="[1197,1344,688,714]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="9.[151,273,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar): 21. Epigynum, ventral view; 22. Vulva, dorsal view; 23. Vulva, anterior view; 24. Vulva, left spermathecae; 25. Vulva, right spermathecae showing two primary pores and one giant pore in spermathecae base (arrows); 26. Left copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S— Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 22–25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FA81B5ADFAA7FD4F" box="[1357,1388,688,714]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">37</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FA49B5ADFF31FD6B" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganesha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FA49B5ADFA5FFD4C" box="[1413,1428,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB5C8FF31FD6B" box="[151,250,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">ganesha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FECEB5C8FEAAFD6A" box="[258,353,725,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FECEB5C8FEAAFD6A" bold="true" box="[258,353,725,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FEBFB5C8FE12FD6A" box="[371,473,725,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 103 – 104" captionStartId="25.[151,271,897,921]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,397,872]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,383,876]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103 – 104. Pandava ganesha sp. nov. Ψ from Chennai, India (CASENT 9029813). 103. Epigynum, ventral view; 104. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FDD0B5C8FD63FD6B" box="[540,680,725,751]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasvati" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FDD0B5C8FDE0FD6B" box="[540,555,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FDF7B5C8FD63FD6B" box="[571,680,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">sarasvati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FD7CB5C8FCDBFD6A" bold="true" box="[688,784,725,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FD7CB5C8FCDBFD6A" box="[688,784,725,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCEDB5C8FC4EFD6A" box="[801,901,725,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC5FB5C8FC2AFD6A" box="[915,993,725,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">91–93</figureCitation>
|
||
); three or four in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FB78B5C8FABBFD6B" box="[1204,1392,725,750]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FB78B5C8FABBFD6B" box="[1204,1392,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Pandava ganga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FAB4B5C8FF01FC91" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FAB4B5C8FF01FC91" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FF17B5E7FEF4FC91" box="[219,319,762,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 99 – 100" captionStartId="23.[151,270,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,1033,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,1027,1520]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 99 – 100. Pandava ganga sp. nov. Ψ from Mysore, India (CAS 9025946). 99. Epigynum, ventral view; 100. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; S— Spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FE4EB5E7FE14FC96" box="[386,479,762,787]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kama" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE4EB5E7FE14FC96" box="[386,479,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. kama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE2BB5E7FD8DFC91" bold="true" box="[487,582,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FE2BB5E7FD8DFC91" box="[487,582,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD9AB5E7FD76FC91" box="[598,701,762,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 102" captionStartId="24.[151,271,640,664]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,201,611]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,194,618]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 102. Pandava kama sp. nov. Ψ from Karnataka, India (CAS 9036788). 101. Epigynum, ventral view; 102. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD— Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276107/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
|
||
), or reduced to a single lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FBF8B5E7FB44FC96" box="[1076,1167,762,787]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FBF8B5E7FB44FC96" box="[1076,1167,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. shiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FB5BB5E7FB3FFC91" bold="true" box="[1175,1268,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FB5BB5E7FB3FFC91" box="[1175,1268,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FACAB5E7FA5FFC91" box="[1286,1428,762,788]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStart-1="FIGURES 75 – 77" captionStartId-0="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,273,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1392,194,1901]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[188,1393,194,1903]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." captionText-1="FIGURES 75 – 77. Pandava shiva sp. nov. Ψ (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 75. Vulva, dorsal view; 76. Ditto, left spermatheca and copulatory duct; 77. Ditto, right spermatheca lateral view. Primary pore indicated by black circles. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/276101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 74–77</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FF04B43DFEA2FCBC" box="[200,361,800,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF04B43DFEA2FCBC" box="[200,361,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. hunanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FEB5B43DFDCCFCBF" box="[377,519,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 52" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1473]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 52. Pandava hunanensis, female (paratype, Hunan): 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Carapace, frontal view; 48 and 50. Epigynum, ventral view; 49 and 52. Vulva, dorsal view; 51. Vulva, left spermatheca. Abbreviations: CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae; SD— Sinuous depression. Scale bar of figure 47 also applies to figure 46 and scale bar of figure 50 also applies to figures 48 – 52." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 48–52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDDFB43DFDFAFCBF" box="[531,561,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">57</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378FBF87210FFE5FF09B458FDD3FD87" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDA8737210FFE4FF09B458FC6AF911" blockId="2.[151,1437,463,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF09B458FEA8FCDA" bold="true" box="[197,355,837,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length (males and females): 4.00–8.60. Carapace: cephalic area high and thoracic fovea reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE91B477FE31FC01" box="[349,506,874,900]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 38, 39</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDC4B477FDE6FC01" box="[520,557,874,900]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 52" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1473]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 52. Pandava hunanensis, female (paratype, Hunan): 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Carapace, frontal view; 48 and 50. Epigynum, ventral view; 49 and 52. Vulva, dorsal view; 51. Vulva, left spermatheca. Abbreviations: CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae; SD— Sinuous depression. Scale bar of figure 47 also applies to figure 46 and scale bar of figure 50 also applies to figures 48 – 52." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes round, AME smaller than ALE, PME and PLE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB3CB477FA97FC01" box="[1264,1372,874,900]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FAA6B477FA45FC01" box="[1386,1422,874,900]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 52" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1473]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 52. Pandava hunanensis, female (paratype, Hunan): 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Carapace, frontal view; 48 and 50. Epigynum, ventral view; 49 and 52. Vulva, dorsal view; 51. Vulva, left spermatheca. Abbreviations: CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae; SD— Sinuous depression. Scale bar of figure 47 also applies to figure 46 and scale bar of figure 50 also applies to figures 48 – 52." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cheliceral fang 1/3 the length of the paturon. Chilum entire, reduced, smaller than outer border of the median eyes and without setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE0AB4A8FDDAFC4A" box="[454,529,949,975]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 1. Carapace, frontal view with chilum; 2. Endites showing the serrula; 3. Chelicerae retrolateral view, showing stridulatory setae; 4. Palpal femur showing stridulatory area; 5. Detail of the stridulatory file of the palpal femur; 6. Palpal claw with multiple teeth. Abbreviations: CH—Chilum; SE—Serrula; SS—Stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Endites oblong, with regular serrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FBC9B4A8FB98FC4A" box="[1029,1107,949,975]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 1. Carapace, frontal view with chilum; 2. Endites showing the serrula; 3. Chelicerae retrolateral view, showing stridulatory setae; 4. Palpal femur showing stridulatory area; 5. Detail of the stridulatory file of the palpal femur; 6. Palpal claw with multiple teeth. Abbreviations: CH—Chilum; SE—Serrula; SS—Stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), labium square (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FAE3B4A8FA44FC4A" box="[1327,1423,949,975]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cheliceral promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCBAB4C7FC06FC71" box="[886,973,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 98" captionStartId="23.[151,272,921,945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,899]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,418,899]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 98. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 97. Cheliceral teeth; 98. Chelicera retrolateral view showing stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
|
||
) and retrolateral face with stridulatory setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FF2AB31DFEF5FB9F" box="[230,318,1024,1050]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 1. Carapace, frontal view with chilum; 2. Endites showing the serrula; 3. Chelicerae retrolateral view, showing stridulatory setae; 4. Palpal femur showing stridulatory area; 5. Detail of the stridulatory file of the palpal femur; 6. Palpal claw with multiple teeth. Abbreviations: CH—Chilum; SE—Serrula; SS—Stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE81B31DFEBBFB9F" box="[333,368,1024,1050]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 98" captionStartId="23.[151,272,921,945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,899]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,418,899]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 98. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 97. Cheliceral teeth; 98. Chelicera retrolateral view showing stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">98</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior border of sternum straight, laterally round and posteriorly acute, projecting between coxae IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE41B338FE26FBBA" box="[397,493,1061,1087]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg formula variable but always with leg III shortest. One spine distally positioned on prolateral surface of femur I and II, except in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FC93B356FC7CFBE1" box="[863,951,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. s h i v a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FC0FB357FBEAFBE1" bold="true" box="[963,1057,1098,1124]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FB90B356FACDFBE1" box="[1116,1286,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FB90B356FAC9FBE1" box="[1116,1282,1099,1124]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">P. hunanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution and presence of other spines variable. Male tibial crack, when present, positioned after the first spine of tibiae I and II as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FE7AB388FCDAFB2A" author="Griswold" box="[438,785,1173,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Griswold, C. E. (1993) Investigations into the phylogeny of the lycosoid spiders and their kin (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 539, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1993">Griswold (1993: 2, figs. 3–4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FCF4B388FC77FB2A" box="[824,956,1173,1199]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zoropsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FC3BB388FB46FB2A" box="[1015,1165,1173,1199]" class="Arachnida" family="Zorocratidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zorocratidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FB52B388FA53FB2A" author="Griswold" box="[1182,1432,1173,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Griswold, C. E., Ramirez, M. J., Coddington, J. A. & Platnick, N. I. (2005) Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of California Academy of Sciences, 56 (Suppl. II), 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Griswold
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FAD9B388FA9AFB2B" box="[1301,1361,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 242, fig. 141F), and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FE67B3A7FD37FB51" box="[427,764,1210,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Almeida-Silva, L. M., Brescovit, A. D. & Griswold, C. E. (2009 b) On the poorly known genus Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 (Araneae: Titanoecidae). Zootaxa, 2266, 61 - 68." type="journal article">
|
||
Almeida-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FD91B3A6FD53FB51" box="[605,664,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FCE1B3A6FC56FB51" box="[813,925,1211,1236]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Anuvinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FCE1B3A6FC56FB51" box="[813,925,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Anuvinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Prolateral surface of the palpal femur with stridulatory files (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FEA5B3FDFE10FB7F" box="[361,475,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 1. Carapace, frontal view with chilum; 2. Endites showing the serrula; 3. Chelicerae retrolateral view, showing stridulatory setae; 4. Palpal femur showing stridulatory area; 5. Detail of the stridulatory file of the palpal femur; 6. Palpal claw with multiple teeth. Abbreviations: CH—Chilum; SE—Serrula; SS—Stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE24B3FDFDFEFB7F" box="[488,565,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">19–20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsal claw with 10 to 14 narrow denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB9FB3FDFB6DFB7F" box="[1107,1190,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 1. Carapace, frontal view with chilum; 2. Endites showing the serrula; 3. Chelicerae retrolateral view, showing stridulatory setae; 4. Palpal femur showing stridulatory area; 5. Detail of the stridulatory file of the palpal femur; 6. Palpal claw with multiple teeth. Abbreviations: CH—Chilum; SE—Serrula; SS—Stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB78B3FDFB1EFB7F" box="[1204,1237,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">94</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsal organ of the male palp on the prolateral distal part of the cymbium, with transverse ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB9BB218FB54FA9A" box="[1111,1183,1285,1311]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,272,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032829, 9032828, Madagascar). 7. Male palp tarsal organ (arrow); 8. Female leg I tarsal organ (arrow); 9. Female metatarsal trichobothrium; 10. Ditto leg IV tarsal claw; 11. Ditto calamistrum; 12. Ditto detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276089/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsal organ of legs and female palp capsulate, with small, round opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCF9B237FCB4FAC1" box="[821,895,1322,1348]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,272,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032829, 9032828, Madagascar). 7. Male palp tarsal organ (arrow); 8. Female leg I tarsal organ (arrow); 9. Female metatarsal trichobothrium; 10. Ditto leg IV tarsal claw; 11. Ditto calamistrum; 12. Ditto detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276089/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). One single metatarsal trichobothrium with transverse ridges on basal hood (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDEBB24DFDBAFAEF" box="[551,625,1360,1386]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,272,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032829, 9032828, Madagascar). 7. Male palp tarsal organ (arrow); 8. Female leg I tarsal organ (arrow); 9. Female metatarsal trichobothrium; 10. Ditto leg IV tarsal claw; 11. Ditto calamistrum; 12. Ditto detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276089/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), trichobothria absent from tarsi. All leg claws with multiple teeth including three to four denticles on the third claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD2AB268FC83FA0A" box="[742,840,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,272,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032829, 9032828, Madagascar). 7. Male palp tarsal organ (arrow); 8. Female leg I tarsal organ (arrow); 9. Female metatarsal trichobothrium; 10. Ditto leg IV tarsal claw; 11. Ditto calamistrum; 12. Ditto detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276089/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC98B268FC69FA0A" box="[852,930,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">95–96</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calamistrum uniseriate and extending the entire length of metatarsus IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDC0B287FD56FA31" box="[524,669,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,272,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032829, 9032828, Madagascar). 7. Male palp tarsal organ (arrow); 8. Female leg I tarsal organ (arrow); 9. Female metatarsal trichobothrium; 10. Ditto leg IV tarsal claw; 11. Ditto calamistrum; 12. Ditto detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276089/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally curved setae present on femur, tibia and metatarsus of some males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FEFFB2DDFE0AFA5F" box="[307,449,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="7.[151,269,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,185,981]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[171,1415,185,981]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Pandava laminata ♂ (Kenya, AMNH). 13. Right leg I, dorsal view; 14. Ditto, prolateral view. Arrow showing distally curved hairs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FDDEB2DDFD48FA5C" box="[530,643,1472,1497]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Anuvinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FDDEB2DDFD48FA5C" box="[530,643,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Anuvinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827210FFE4FD5FB2DDFC28FA5F" author="Almeida-Silva" box="[659,995,1472,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" refString="Almeida-Silva, L. M., Brescovit, A. D. & Griswold, C. E. (2009 b) On the poorly known genus Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 (Araneae: Titanoecidae). Zootaxa, 2266, 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Almeida-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FC85B2DDFC4EFA5C" box="[841,901,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et. al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64, figs. 8–9) and also in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FF5BB2F8FE9AFA7B" box="[151,337,1509,1534]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB2F8FE9AFA7B" box="[151,337,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Pandava ganga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FE95B2F8FE7CFA7A" box="[345,439,1509,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE95B2F8FE7CFA7A" bold="true" box="[345,439,1509,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Abdomen oval. Cribellum divided, as broad as spinneret area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB69B2F8FAFFFA7A" box="[1189,1332,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 27. Spinnerets overview; 28. Cribellum; 29. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 30. Posterior median spinneret, left; 31. Posterior lateral spinneret, right; 32. Ditto, left. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; CY—Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; T? - Tartipore?" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 27–28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FA8CB2F8FA45FA7A" box="[1344,1422,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="19.[151,271,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,194,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[173,1417,194,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83. Pandava shiva sp. nov., Ψ, (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 78. Spinnerets, posterior overview; 79. Left spinnerets; 80. Cribellate spigots; 81. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 82. Posterior median spinneret, left; 83. Posterior lateral spinneret, right. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets; CY— Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—Posterior median spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">78, 80</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two major ampullate gland spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD8FB117FD6EF9A1" box="[579,677,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 27. Spinnerets overview; 28. Cribellum; 29. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 30. Posterior median spinneret, left; 31. Posterior lateral spinneret, right; 32. Ditto, left. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; CY—Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; T? - Tartipore?" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD7DB117FD04F9A1" box="[689,719,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="19.[151,271,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,194,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[173,1417,194,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83. Pandava shiva sp. nov., Ψ, (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 78. Spinnerets, posterior overview; 79. Left spinnerets; 80. Cribellate spigots; 81. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 82. Posterior median spinneret, left; 83. Posterior lateral spinneret, right. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets; CY— Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—Posterior median spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">81</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 21 to 38 piriform gland spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB40B117FB25F9A1" box="[1164,1262,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 27. Spinnerets overview; 28. Cribellum; 29. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 30. Posterior median spinneret, left; 31. Posterior lateral spinneret, right; 32. Ditto, left. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; CY—Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; T? - Tartipore?" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB36B117FA8FF9A1" box="[1274,1348,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="19.[151,271,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,194,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[173,1417,194,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83. Pandava shiva sp. nov., Ψ, (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 78. Spinnerets, posterior overview; 79. Left spinnerets; 80. Cribellate spigots; 81. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 82. Posterior median spinneret, left; 83. Posterior lateral spinneret, right. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets; CY— Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—Posterior median spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">79, 81</figureCitation>
|
||
) on the ALS, MAP recessed into PI spinning field; PMS with one mAP, six to 12 aciniform and two to three cylindrical gland spigots, paracribellar spigots absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCECB148FC4FF9EA" box="[800,900,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 27. Spinnerets overview; 28. Cribellum; 29. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 30. Posterior median spinneret, left; 31. Posterior lateral spinneret, right; 32. Ditto, left. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; CY—Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; T? - Tartipore?" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC5DB148FC79F9EA" box="[913,946,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="19.[151,271,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,194,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[173,1417,194,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83. Pandava shiva sp. nov., Ψ, (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 78. Spinnerets, posterior overview; 79. Left spinnerets; 80. Cribellate spigots; 81. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 82. Posterior median spinneret, left; 83. Posterior lateral spinneret, right. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets; CY— Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—Posterior median spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">82</figureCitation>
|
||
); PLS with four paracribellar, one to two cylindrical and 13 to 14 aciniform gland spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD15B167FCACF911" box="[729,871,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 27. Spinnerets overview; 28. Cribellum; 29. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 30. Posterior median spinneret, left; 31. Posterior lateral spinneret, right; 32. Ditto, left. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; CY—Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; T? - Tartipore?" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 31–32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCBFB167FC5FF911" box="[883,916,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="19.[151,271,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,194,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[173,1417,194,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83. Pandava shiva sp. nov., Ψ, (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 78. Spinnerets, posterior overview; 79. Left spinnerets; 80. Cribellate spigots; 81. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 82. Posterior median spinneret, left; 83. Posterior lateral spinneret, right. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets; CY— Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—Posterior median spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">83</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDA8737210FFE4FF09B1BDFB1BF861" blockId="2.[151,1437,463,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Palpal tibial apophysis with RLT ear-shaped; MLT divided, with an indistinct base; PLT divided as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FF5BB1D8FE4BF95B" box="[151,384,1733,1758]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FF5BB1D8FE4BF95B" box="[151,384,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Pandava laminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FE73B1D8FD9FF95B" box="[447,596,1733,1758]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasvati" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE73B1D8FD9FF95B" box="[447,596,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. sarasvati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FD91B1D8FD0FF95A" bold="true" box="[605,708,1733,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7210FFE4FD91B1D8FD0FF95A" box="[605,708,1733,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD1BB1D8FC89F95A" box="[727,834,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC9DB1D8FC68F95A" box="[849,931,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">33, 35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC7FB1D8FBCDF95A" box="[947,1030,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">84, 87</figureCitation>
|
||
), or entire and enlarged as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FA49B1D8FEEDF881" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FA49B1D8FEEDF881" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. hunanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FEA9B1F6FE0DF881" box="[357,454,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">P. s h i v a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617210FFE4FE1FB1F7FDF1F881" bold="true" box="[467,570,1770,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD80B1F7FD21F881" box="[588,746,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD34B1F7FC87F881" box="[760,844,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">53, 55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC97B1F7FC66F881" box="[859,941,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 – 63" captionStartId="15.[151,271,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,269,1715]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 58 – 63. Pandava shiva sp. nov., ♂ (CASENT 9032827, India). 58. DTA from male right palp, dorsal view; 59. Ditto, anterior view; 60. Ditto, prolateral view; 61. Male right palp bulb, ventral view; 62. Ditto frontal view; 63. Ditto retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; E—Embolus; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT— Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF— Tegular furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">58–60</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC77B1F7FBC6F881" box="[955,1037,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">70, 72</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prolateral face of femur with stridulatory files made up of small, round protuberances and with few setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB95B00DFB19F8AF" box="[1113,1234,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar). 1. Carapace, frontal view with chilum; 2. Endites showing the serrula; 3. Chelicerae retrolateral view, showing stridulatory setae; 4. Palpal femur showing stridulatory area; 5. Detail of the stridulatory file of the palpal femur; 6. Palpal claw with multiple teeth. Abbreviations: CH—Chilum; SE—Serrula; SS—Stridulatory setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB13B00DFAE4F8AF" box="[1247,1327,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">19–20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FAF1B00DFA44F8AF" box="[1341,1423,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 69" captionStartId="16.[151,273,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,455,1901]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 69. Pandava shiva sp. nov., ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, India; CASENT 9032826; Pakistan). 64. Female chelicerae, retrolateral view; 65. Ditto, detail of stridulatory setae; 66. Female left palpal femur, prolateral view; 67. Ditto, detail of stridulatory files; 68. Male right palpal femur, prolateral view; 69. Ditto, detail of stridulatory file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276099/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">66–69</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cymbium with prolateral furrow as an inverted “L” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCC6B028FC52F8CA" box="[778,921,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC6AB028FC38F8CA" box="[934,1011,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">33, 35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC33B028FB87F8CA" box="[1023,1100,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB95B028FBB2F8CA" box="[1113,1145,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB4AB028FB19F8CA" box="[1158,1234,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">70, 72</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB13B028FAE6F8CA" box="[1247,1325,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">84, 87</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median apophysis entire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FEA3B047FDFAF8F1" box="[367,561,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 15, 17, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDF3B047FD45F8F1" box="[575,654,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">33–35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD57B047FD21F8F1" box="[667,746,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">42, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD34B047FC8CF8F1" box="[760,839,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">53–55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC9FB047FC6AF8F1" box="[851,929,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">84–87</figureCitation>
|
||
) or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FBFEB047FB03F8F1" box="[1074,1224,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 – 63" captionStartId="15.[151,271,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,269,1715]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 58 – 63. Pandava shiva sp. nov., ♂ (CASENT 9032827, India). 58. DTA from male right palp, dorsal view; 59. Ditto, anterior view; 60. Ditto, prolateral view; 61. Male right palp bulb, ventral view; 62. Ditto frontal view; 63. Ditto retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; E—Embolus; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT— Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF— Tegular furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 61–63</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegular process reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FEC4B09DFE57F81F" box="[264,412,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE65B09DFE01F81F" box="[425,458,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FE14B09DFE32F81F" box="[472,505,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDCAB09DFDECF81F" box="[518,551,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDF9B09DFD9DF81F" box="[565,598,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">72</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FDAFB09DFD4EF81F" box="[611,645,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">87</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermatic duct bent once as an “S” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB92B09DFB0EF81F" box="[1118,1221,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB1EB09DFB38F81F" box="[1234,1267,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FACCB09DFAEAF81F" box="[1280,1313,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FAE3B09DFA99F81F" box="[1327,1362,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">72</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pars pendula very reduced. Tegular furrow typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07210FFE4FD17B0B8FCB8F83A" box="[731,883,1957,1983]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Titanoecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC48B0B8FC23F83A" box="[900,1000,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC39B0B8FBDEF83A" box="[1013,1045,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">34</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FBEFB0B8FB88F83A" box="[1059,1091,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB9CB0B8FB56F83A" box="[1104,1181,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 – 63" captionStartId="15.[151,271,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,269,1715]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 58 – 63. Pandava shiva sp. nov., ♂ (CASENT 9032827, India). 58. DTA from male right palp, dorsal view; 59. Ditto, anterior view; 60. Ditto, prolateral view; 61. Male right palp bulb, ventral view; 62. Ditto frontal view; 63. Ditto retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; E—Embolus; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT— Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF— Tegular furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">62–63</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB66B0B8FB01F83A" box="[1194,1226,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">71</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB1BB0B8FB33F83A" box="[1239,1272,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">86</figureCitation>
|
||
), serving as a resting place for the embolus. Embolus filiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FD18B0D7FCA9F861" box="[724,866,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Pandava laminata ♂ (CASENT 9032829, Madagascar). 15. Male, right palp, dorsal view; 16. Ditto, prolateral view; 17. Ditto, anterior view; 18. Median apophysis detail; 19. Palpal femur, prolateral view; 20. Ditto, detail. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apopysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FCA2B0D7FC45F861" box="[878,910,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">34</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC56B0D7FC2DF861" box="[922,998,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 45" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1435,196,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 45. Pandava hunanensis male, (paratype, Hunan): 38. Habitus, dorsal view; 39. Ditto, lateral view; 40. Carapace, frontal view; 41. Left palp, dorsal view; 42. Ditto, retrolateral view; 43. Ditto, prolateral view; 44. Ditto, ventro-prolateral view; 45. Habitus, ventral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CF—Cymbial furrow; E—Embolus; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process. Scale bar of figure 38 also applies to figures 39, 40 and 45; Scale bar of figure 42 also applies to figures 41, 43 and 44." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">42, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FC3EB0D7FBF5F861" box="[1010,1086,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">54–55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB86B0D7FB5EF861" box="[1098,1173,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">71–72</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67210FFE4FB6EB0D7FB08F861" box="[1186,1219,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDA8737211FFE5FF09B785FDD3FD87" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Epigynum with copulatory openings and rim anteriorly positioned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FC14B785FBF1FF37" box="[984,1082,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="9.[151,273,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar): 21. Epigynum, ventral view; 22. Vulva, dorsal view; 23. Vulva, anterior view; 24. Vulva, left spermathecae; 25. Vulva, right spermathecae showing two primary pores and one giant pore in spermathecae base (arrows); 26. Left copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S— Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FB8AB785FBADFF37" box="[1094,1126,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FBBDB785FB76FF37" box="[1137,1213,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 52" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1473]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 52. Pandava hunanensis, female (paratype, Hunan): 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Carapace, frontal view; 48 and 50. Epigynum, ventral view; 49 and 52. Vulva, dorsal view; 51. Vulva, left spermatheca. Abbreviations: CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae; SD— Sinuous depression. Scale bar of figure 47 also applies to figure 46 and scale bar of figure 50 also applies to figures 48 – 52." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276096/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">48–50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FB05B785FB22FF37" box="[1225,1257,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FB38B785FADFFF37" box="[1268,1300,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">73</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FAECB785FA8BFF37" box="[1312,1344,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">88</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FA80B785FAA7FF37" box="[1356,1388,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">90</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FABBB785FA5CFF37" box="[1399,1431,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 99 – 100" captionStartId="23.[151,270,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,1033,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,1027,1520]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 99 – 100. Pandava ganga sp. nov. Ψ from Mysore, India (CAS 9025946). 99. Epigynum, ventral view; 100. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; S— Spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276106/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">99</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FF5BB7A0FF0EFF52" box="[151,197,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 102" captionStartId="24.[151,271,640,664]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,201,611]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,194,618]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 102. Pandava kama sp. nov. Ψ from Karnataka, India (CAS 9036788). 101. Epigynum, ventral view; 102. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD— Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276107/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">101</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FF1EB7A0FEC9FF52" box="[210,258,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 103 – 104" captionStartId="25.[151,271,897,921]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,397,872]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,383,876]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103 – 104. Pandava ganesha sp. nov. Ψ from Chennai, India (CASENT 9029813). 103. Epigynum, ventral view; 104. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276108/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">103</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulatory ducts with pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FDBEB7A0FCCBFF52" box="[626,768,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="9.[151,273,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar): 21. Epigynum, ventral view; 22. Vulva, dorsal view; 23. Vulva, anterior view; 24. Vulva, left spermathecae; 25. Vulva, right spermathecae showing two primary pores and one giant pore in spermathecae base (arrows); 26. Left copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S— Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 24–25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FCC1B7A0FCABFF52" box="[781,864,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 77" captionStartId="18.[151,273,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[188,1392,194,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[188,1393,194,1903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 77. Pandava shiva sp. nov. Ψ (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 75. Vulva, dorsal view; 76. Ditto, left spermatheca and copulatory duct; 77. Ditto, right spermatheca lateral view. Primary pore indicated by black circles. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276101/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">75– 76</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FCA0B7A0FC46FF52" box="[876,909,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">93</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fertilization duct filiform, may be partially covered by cuticle obscuring its connection with the spermathecae, e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FC2FB7FFFBF2FF79" box="[995,1081,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStartId="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
. Spermathecae elongated with lobes forming a bunch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FE77B615FD9BFEA7" box="[443,592,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="9.[151,273,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar): 21. Epigynum, ventral view; 22. Vulva, dorsal view; 23. Vulva, anterior view; 24. Vulva, left spermathecae; 25. Vulva, right spermathecae showing two primary pores and one giant pore in spermathecae base (arrows); 26. Left copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S— Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 22–25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FD91B615FDB5FEA7" box="[605,638,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,388,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,383,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Pandava laminata ♂ and Ψ from Madagascar. 33. Male palp, dorsal view; 34. Ditto, retrolateral view; 35. Ditto, ventral view; 36. Epigynum, ventral view; 37. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median Apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276094/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FD40B615FD66FEA7" box="[652,685,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,270,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,378,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,370,1536]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 89. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. ♂, from Myanmar (ZMUC 1335) and Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019537). 84. Male left palp dorsal view; 85. Median apophysis, anterior view, detail; 86. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 87. Ditto, ventral view; 88. Epigynum, ventral view; 89. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD— Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST— Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">89</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FD76B615FCC3FEA7" box="[698,776,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">91–93</figureCitation>
|
||
) except in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FC5DB615FC27FEA4" box="[913,1004,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. s h i v a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FC34B61AFB91FEA4" bold="true" box="[1016,1114,263,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FB5BB615FAF4FEA4" box="[1175,1343,264,289]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FB5BB615FAF4FEA4" box="[1175,1343,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. hunanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose spermatheca is limited to a single lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FDBDB630FCE5FEC2" box="[625,814,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 52" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1473]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 52. Pandava hunanensis, female (paratype, Hunan): 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Carapace, frontal view; 48 and 50. Epigynum, ventral view; 49 and 52. Vulva, dorsal view; 51. Vulva, left spermatheca. Abbreviations: CD— Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae; SD— Sinuous depression. Scale bar of figure 47 also applies to figure 46 and scale bar of figure 50 also applies to figures 48 – 52." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276096/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 49, 51–52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FCF7B630FC90FEC2" box="[827,859,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="14.[151,275,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,199,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1308]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Pandava hunanensis ♂ and Ψ, (paratypes, Hunan). 53. Male left palp, dorsal view; 54. Ditto, retrolateral view; 55. Ditto, ventral view; 56. Female epigynum, ventral view; 57. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; E—Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MA—Median apophysis; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT— Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TP—Tegular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276097/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FCA5B630FC73FEC2" box="[873,952,301,327]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 70 – 74" captionStart-1="FIGURES 75 – 77" captionStartId-0="17.[151,272,1482,1506]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,273,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1432,216,1430]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1392,194,1901]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[151,1436,208,1437]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[188,1393,194,1903]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process." captionText-1="FIGURES 75 – 77. Pandava shiva sp. nov. Ψ (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 75. Vulva, dorsal view; 76. Ditto, left spermatheca and copulatory duct; 77. Ditto, right spermatheca lateral view. Primary pore indicated by black circles. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/276100/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/276101/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">74–77</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermathecae with two kinds of pores: one enlarged, with the edges covered by a folded tissue, here called giant pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FBF0B64FFB01FEE9" box="[1084,1226,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="9.[151,273,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,418,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,418,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Pandava laminata Ψ (CASENT 9032828, Madagascar): 21. Epigynum, ventral view; 22. Vulva, dorsal view; 23. Vulva, anterior view; 24. Vulva, left spermathecae; 25. Vulva, right spermathecae showing two primary pores and one giant pore in spermathecae base (arrows); 26. Left copulatory duct. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S— Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 22–25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FB1BB64FFAEFFEE9" box="[1239,1316,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,269,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[165,1417,335,1903]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 96. Pandava sarasvati sp. nov. Ψ from Thailand (CAS 9019353). 90. Epigynum ventral view; 91. Vulva, dorsal view; 92. Ditto, left spermathecae; 93. Ditto, right spermathecae; 94. Left palpal claw; 95. Left leg I, claws; 96. Left leg IV, claws. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; CO—Copulatory opening; ER—Epigynal rim; GP—Giant pore; MF—Median field; PP—Primary pore; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">91–93</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is located in the intersection among spermathecae and copulatory ducts; the other kind is a “primary pore” according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FEFAB680FD0CFE32" author="Bennett" box="[310,711,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1992) The spermathecal pores of spiders with special reference to dictynoids and amaurobioids (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Araneoclada). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 123, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Bennett (1992: 6 and 17, fig. 32)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
which in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FC8CB680FC60FE33" box="[832,939,413,438]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FC8CB680FC60FE33" box="[832,939,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Pandava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is commonly located near the giant pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1359B4F67211FFE5FF53B6DFFEFBFE59" box="[159,304,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 77" captionStartId="18.[151,273,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[188,1392,194,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[188,1393,194,1903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 77. Pandava shiva sp. nov. Ψ (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 75. Vulva, dorsal view; 76. Ditto, left spermatheca and copulatory duct; 77. Ditto, right spermatheca lateral view. Primary pore indicated by black circles. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276101/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 75–77</figureCitation>
|
||
), except in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FE75B6DFFDDBFE5E" box="[441,528,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. s h i v a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FDD0B6DFFDB0FE59" bold="true" box="[540,635,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
The primary pore is also found in other spiders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FB0CB6DFFAA0FE59" author="Bennett" box="[1216,1387,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1992) The spermathecal pores of spiders with special reference to dictynoids and amaurobioids (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Araneoclada). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 123, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Bennett, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17, fig. 32;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FF3FB6F5FE4FFD87" author="Wang" box="[243,388,488,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Wang, X. P. (2002) A generic-level revision of the spider subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 269, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2002">Wang, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 16, fig. 41).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378FBF87211FFE5FF09B510FB47FC19" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDA8737211FFE5FF09B510FB10FD67" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FF09B510FE89FDA2" bold="true" box="[197,322,525,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The homology of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FD98B510FD74FDA3" box="[596,703,525,550]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FD98B510FD74FDA3" box="[596,703,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Pandava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
giant pore with the so-called “dictynoid” pore described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FF5BB52FFE8DFDC9" author="Bennett" box="[151,326,562,588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1992) The spermathecal pores of spiders with special reference to dictynoids and amaurobioids (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Araneoclada). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 123, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Bennett (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is uncertain. The “dictynoid” pore has been described as a single, porous plate in the bottom of a shallow, circular concavity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FE3AB545FCD9FDF7" author="Bennett" box="[502,786,600,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1992) The spermathecal pores of spiders with special reference to dictynoids and amaurobioids (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Araneoclada). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 123, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Bennett, 1992, figs. 2, 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or recessed into a deep hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FBB4B545FF77FD12" author="Bennett" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1992) The spermathecal pores of spiders with special reference to dictynoids and amaurobioids (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Araneoclada). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 123, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Bennett, 1992, figs. 7, 9, 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The giant pore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FE71B560FDE5FD13" box="[445,558,637,662]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FE71B560FDE5FD13" box="[445,558,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Pandava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is oblong and does not have an obvious flat poreplate. Notably, the “dictynoid” pore has not been described from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FD75B5BFFCDEFD3E" box="[697,789,674,699]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FD75B5BFFCDEFD3E" box="[697,789,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Dictyna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Understanding the homology among such giant pores must await optimization of this character on a comprehensive phylogeny of the relevant taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDA8737211FFE5FF09B5F0FDE3FCD7" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FF09B5F0FDD1FC82" bold="true" box="[197,538,749,775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Asia:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FDA6B5F0FD7EFC82" box="[618,693,749,775]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FD0EB5F0FCC2FC82" box="[706,777,749,775]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FCDAB5F0FC9CFC82" box="[790,855,749,775]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FCA8B5F0FC17FC82" box="[868,988,749,775]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FC25B5F0FBABFC82" box="[1001,1120,749,775]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FBA0B5F0FB1EFC82" box="[1132,1237,749,775]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FB2EB5F0FAA6FC82" box="[1250,1389,749,775]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FAB5B5F0FF28FCA9" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FF22B40FFE91FCA9" box="[238,346,786,812]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Pacific: Marquesas Islands, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FD20B40FFC8EFCA9" box="[748,837,786,812]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Introduced in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FC3FB40FFBA9FCA9" box="[1011,1122,786,812]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. New records from Africa:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FF5BB425FF2CFCD7" box="[151,231,824,850]" name="Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FF3EB425FE90FCD7" box="[242,347,824,850]" name="Tanzania" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375E8E37211FFE5FE58B425FDEFFCD7" box="[404,548,824,850]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDDA8737211FFE5FF09B440FB47FC19" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FF09B440FEA7FCF2" bold="true" box="[197,364,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
Seven species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FDE9B440FC72FCF2" authority="Thorell, 1878" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[549,953,861,887]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FDE9B440FD37FCF3" box="[549,764,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Pandava laminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FCC7B440FC7BFCF2" author="Thorell" box="[779,944,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Thorell, T. (1878) Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. II. Ragni di Amboina raccolti Prof. O. Beccari. Annali di Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Genova, 13, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1878">Thorell, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FC08B440FAFDFCF2" authority="Yin & Bao, 2001" authorityName="Yin & Bao" authorityYear="2001" box="[964,1334,861,887]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FC08B440FBAEFCF3" box="[964,1125,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. hunanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3D5827211FFE5FBA0B440FAFDFCF2" author="Yin" box="[1132,1334,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Yin, C. M. & Bao, Y. H. (2001) Two new species of the family Titanoecidae from Hunan Province (Arachnida: Araneae). Journal of Changde Teachers University (National Science Edition), 13 (3), 58 - 61." type="journal article" year="2001">Yin & Bao, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FA8EB440FA50FCF3" box="[1346,1435,861,886]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FA8EB440FA50FCF3" box="[1346,1435,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. shiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FF5BB49FFF3FFC19" bold="true" box="[151,244,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7211FFE5FF5BB49FFF3FFC19" box="[151,244,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FECFB49FFE40FC1E" box="[259,395,898,923]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasvati" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FECFB49FFE40FC1E" box="[259,395,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. sarasvati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FE5FB49FFE3BFC19" bold="true" box="[403,496,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7211FFE5FE5FB49FFE3BFC19" box="[403,496,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FE33B49FFDADFC1E" box="[511,614,898,923]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FE33B49FFDADFC1E" box="[511,614,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. ganga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FDA0B49FFD01FC19" bold="true" box="[620,714,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7211FFE5FDA0B49FFD01FC19" box="[620,714,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FD14B49FFCFFFC1E" box="[728,820,898,923]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kama" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FD14B49FFCFFFC1E" box="[728,820,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. kama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FCF0B49FFC52FC19" bold="true" box="[828,921,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7211FFE5FCF0B49FFC52FC19" box="[828,921,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62D3F07211FFE5FC64B49FFBECFC1E" box="[936,1063,898,923]" class="Arachnida" family="Titanoecidae" genus="Pandava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganesha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FC64B49FFBECFC1E" box="[936,1063,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">P. ganesha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91674617211FFE5FBE2B49FFB47FC19" bold="true" box="[1070,1164,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A225C91A7211FFE5FBE2B49FFB47FC19" box="[1070,1164,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |