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<document id="E9C8B6CB70B3C87C24ADE2A6BBF1122B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13644466" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725366312355" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sang, Xiaoyu, Li, Xuedong, Wang, Yanwei &amp; Fan, Li" docDate="2016" docId="039887810B19FFA0FF54C6C41095F9FA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.289.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 289 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Lactarius spinosporus X. Y. Sang &amp; L. Fan 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FFA1FFF90B1EFFA7FFDCC6301278FFB9" masterDocTitle="Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1725367121981" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="647E71CE62E7A56713B5E43884555ADB">Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D2B5987DC3044F183A274DDEA1BA96F9">Sang, Xiaoyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C143852073DA52D9A8399A6B2225ECD4">Li, Xuedong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CDC5DC0B5A2671906E4049B3321795BA">Wang, Yanwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0A33C61BA5FD7717F916CA4C42AE079">Fan, Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7BD144AA8A410326DB69198329C52125">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FC683F2A4DE76F41686F4399656E0664">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6290EC72F36589FECECD8523ECCC4DE3">2016-12-22</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EF99FD200D51394DA88FE5D570AB28CB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="79CD8348D4CA058F266393AA043EEC62" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0F4528FE8217AD50EAB338F91071419B" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039887810B19FFA0FF54C6C41095F9FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887810B19FFA0FF54C6C41095F9FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887810B19FFA0FF54C6C41095F9FA" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<subSubSection id="C32B651C0B19FFA0FF54C6C413F6FE8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF54C6C411F6FEB6" blockId="7.[136,910,244,271]" box="[136,910,244,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<heading id="D0C681FB0B19FFA0FF54C6C411F6FEB6" box="[136,910,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FF54C6C41009FEB6" ID-CoL="3RS99" authority="X.Y. Sang &amp; L. Fan" authorityName="X. Y. Sang &amp; L. Fan" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,625,244,271]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spinosporus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF54C6C413FFFEB7" bold="true" box="[136,391,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lactarius spinosporus</emphasis>
X.Y. Sang &amp; L. Fan
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FDA0C6C610A9FEB6" box="[636,721,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657FE0B19FFA0FDA0C6C610A9FEB6" box="[636,721,246,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130A2A120B19FFA0FD03C6C6115BFEB6" box="[735,803,246,271]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[191,1419,223,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,190,1918]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lactarius spinosporus (BJTC FAN445, holotype).A. Basidiomata. B. Basidia. C. Hymenophoral cystidia. D. Basidiospores. E. Peridiopellis and peridial context. F. Hymenophoral trama and hymenium. Scale bar = 10 mm (A), 10 μm (B–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13644472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13644472/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130A2A120B19FFA0FCECC6C611FFFEB6" box="[816,903,246,271]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1459,1480]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,190,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-14@13.[186,1401,190,1434]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of basidiospores. A. Lactarius spinosporus (holotype). B. Russula absphaerocellaris (holotype). C. Russula brevipileocystidiata (holotype). D. Russula megapseudocystidiata (holotype). Scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13644480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13644480/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF54C72A13F6FE8A" blockId="7.[136,398,282,307]" box="[136,398,282,307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Mycobank: MB819368</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B651C0B19FFA0FF54C7541701FC02" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF54C7541128FE24" blockId="7.[136,1451,356,413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F32676070B19FFA0FF0BC754135EFEC0" box="[215,294,356,377]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8750B19FFA0FEF2C7541307FEC0" box="[302,383,356,377]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
: Panzhihua City, in soil under mixed woodlands dominated by
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FC08C75416CEFEC0" authority="Franch." authorityName="Franch." box="[980,1206,356,377]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armandii">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FC08C7541610FEC0" box="[980,1128,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pinus armandii</emphasis>
Franch.
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8F10570B19FFA0FB1DC7541747FEC0" box="[1217,1343,356,377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2014-11-23">23 Nov 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FA94C75417DDFEC0" box="[1352,1445,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">CJZ 1536</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FF61C7B81295FE24" box="[189,237,392,413]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13665" name="Museum of Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">FAN</collectionCode>
445 (
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FEC1C7B81325FE24" box="[285,349,392,413]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12749" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12749" name="Capital Normal University" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">BJTC</collectionCode>
!), collected by
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FE30C7B8138FFE24" box="[492,503,392,413]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FE27C7B81075FE24" box="[507,525,392,413]" country="Switzerland" name="Universität Zürich" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">Z</collectionCode>
. Cao (
<typeStatus id="548A88350B19FFA0FD96C7B810D0FE24" box="[586,680,392,413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FD6DC7B81091FE24" box="[689,745,392,413]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12749" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12749" name="Capital Normal University" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">BJTC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FD33C7B81159FE24" box="[751,801,392,413]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13665" name="Museum of Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">FAN</collectionCode>
445).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF54C7FE1027FD96" blockId="7.[136,1455,462,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF54C7FE136EFE5E" box="[136,278,462,487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Basidiomata</emphasis>
16–22 ×
<quantity id="4CC99B720B19FFA0FEA2C7FE1380FE5E" box="[382,504,462,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="13.0">13–19 mm</quantity>
, irregularly subglobose or with flattened apex and depressed at base.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FB25C7FE172DFE5E" box="[1273,1365,462,487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Peridial</emphasis>
surface dark brown, dry, glabrous, rugulose and deeply grooved.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FCD1C7C21129FDB2" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1776" box="[781,849,498,523]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymbuliidae" genus="Gleba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FCD1C7C21129FDB2" box="[781,849,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Gleba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown, loculate to alveolate.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FB7DC7C216A1FDB2" box="[1185,1241,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Stipe</emphasis>
absent.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FAEBC7C217D4FDB2" authorityName="Westerlund" authorityYear="1878" box="[1335,1452,498,523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Columella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FAEBC7C217D4FDB2" box="[1335,1452,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Columella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
absent.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF02C4261364FD96" box="[222,284,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Latex</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FEA4C42613CEFD96" box="[376,438,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Smell</emphasis>
unremarkable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF61C40A1701FC02" blockId="7.[136,1455,462,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF61C40A1323FDEA" box="[189,347,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Basidiaspores</emphasis>
globose, 9–12.5 μm (x = 10.3 ± 1.0, n = 30) excluding ornamentation,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE520B19FFA0FBA8C40A16F0FDEA" box="[1140,1160,570,595]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14273" name="Universidad Central" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">Q</collectionCode>
= 1.00–1.03, sandy beige, slightly thick-walled, completely dissociated after maturity; ornamentation amyloid, composed of isolated spines which are 1–2 μm long, usually curved, rounded on the top.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FD02C4B211F0FD22" box="[734,904,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Hilar appendix</emphasis>
2–5 μm long.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FBF7C4B216F9FD22" box="[1067,1153,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Basidia</emphasis>
30–60 × 5–10 μm, clavate to subclavate, broadly cylindrical, 2-spored. sterigmata up to 2–10 μm long.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FC03C49616F1FD06" box="[991,1161,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pseudocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FB38C4961739FD06" box="[1252,1345,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Cystidia</emphasis>
rare, 28– 37.5 × 5–8 μm, ventricose or clavate with rounded apices, hyaline.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FCA6C4FA1613FD5A" box="[890,1131,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Hymenophoral trama</emphasis>
25–60 μm broad, composed of interwoven, hyaline hyphae of 3–6 μm diam.; laticiferous hyphae 5–10 μm diam.;
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FB8CC4DE1692FCBE" box="[1104,1258,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">subhymenium</emphasis>
20–50 μm wide, composed of pseudoparenchyma with 2–3 tiers of isodiametric cells 7–30 × 6–15 μm, some sphaerocytes occasionally present near subhymenium.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FE15C5061022FCF6" box="[457,602,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Peridiopellis</emphasis>
two-layered: suprapellis composed of a thin and strongly incrusted slime-layer and upright hyphal tips; subpellis a palisade to trichopalisade, composed of terminal elements usually thick-walled, subglobose or short hyphal parts, occasionally present polygonal elements.
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FBFEC54E16ADFC2E" box="[1058,1237,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Peridial context</emphasis>
125–225 μm wide, composed of loosely intricate hyphae of 2–5 μm diam.; laticiferous hyphae 4–10 μm diam.; sphaerocytes absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B651C0B19FFA0FF61C5F61097FB9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF61C5F61097FB9E" blockId="7.[136,1455,462,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF61C5F6132EFC66" bold="true" box="[189,342,966,991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
Basidiomata 16–22 ×
<quantity id="4CC99B720B19FFA0FD8AC5F610ACFC66" box="[598,724,966,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="13.0">13–19 mm</quantity>
, irregularly subglobose. Peridial surface dark brown, glabrous.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FF54C5DA12B3FBBA" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1776" box="[136,203,1002,1027]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymbuliidae" genus="Gleba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Gleba</taxonomicName>
brown, loculate. Columella absent. Latex absent. Basidiospores globose, with isolated and curved spines. Basidia 2-spored. Pseudocystidia absent. Cystidia rare.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B651C0B19FFA0FF61C2021095F9FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF61C202174EFBF2" blockId="7.[136,1455,462,1603]" box="[189,1334,1074,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF61C2021330FBF2" bold="true" box="[189,328,1074,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Etymology:</emphasis>
—Latin,
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FE71C202104CFBF2" box="[429,564,1074,1099]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spinosporus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FE71C202104CFBF2" box="[429,564,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">spinosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= spiny spore, in reference to the basidiospores with isolated spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF61C2661048FB2A" blockId="7.[136,1455,462,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF61C266103DFBD6" bold="true" box="[189,581,1110,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Habit, habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
—hypogeous, gregarious, in soil under mixed woodlands dominated by
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FA4BC2661297FB2A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armandii">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FA4BC2661297FB2A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">P. armandii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8750B19FFA0FECFC24A13A2FB2A" box="[275,474,1146,1171]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32676070B19FFA0FE39C24A1054FB2A" box="[485,556,1146,1171]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36970B19FFA0FF61C2AE1095F9FA" blockId="7.[136,1455,462,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF61C2AE131DFB0E" bold="true" box="[189,357,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Commentary:</emphasis>
—Morphologically, the combination of dark brown basidiomata, absence of latex, thick-walled terminal elements in subpellis and echinate basidiospores is distinct for
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FC43C2F2163AFB62" box="[927,1090,1218,1243]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spinosporus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FC43C2F2163AFB62" box="[927,1090,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. spinosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="130A2A120B19FFA0FAA2C2F212EEFB46" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1949,1970]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,272,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-45@4.[151,1436,245,1924]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogeny from the most parsimonious analysis based on 5.8S-ITS2 sequences from the hypogeous gasteroid russuloid species of Russulaceae, Russula and Lactarius. Gloeocystidiellum aculeatum served as outgroups.With a consistency index (CI) of 0.454, retention index (RI) of 0.792, and a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.546. Nodes are labeled with parsimony bootstrap support values greater than 50%. Novel sequences are in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13644468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13644468/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130A2A120B19FFA0FF7AC2D612CDFB46" box="[166,181,1254,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,223,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[151,1436,190,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogeny from the most parsimonious analysis based on 5.8s-ITS2-nrLSU combined dataset from the hypogeous gasteroid russuloid species of Russulaceae, Russula and Lactarius. Gloeocystidiellum aculeatum served as outgroups. With a consistency index (CI) of 0.491, retention index (RI) of 0.726, and a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.509. Nodes are labeled with parsimony bootstrap support values greater than 50%. Novel sequences are in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13644470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13644470/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">2</figureCitation>
) shows that the sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FDD2C2D610CCFB46" box="[526,692,1254,1279]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spinosporus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FDD2C2D610CCFB46" box="[526,692,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. spinosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FD33C2D6111FFB46" box="[751,871,1254,1279]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="falcatus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FD33C2D6111FFB46" box="[751,871,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. falcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32676070B19FFA0FC73C2D6167BFB46" box="[943,1027,1254,1279]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Tailand</collectingCountry>
form a strongly supported clade (BS = 99), indicating that they are closely related to each other, but they just shared the identity of 95% in ITS sequence and respectively have distinct features in morphology.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FD32C31E1190FAFE" box="[750,1000,1326,1351]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spinosporus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FD32C31E1190FAFE" box="[750,1000,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lactarius spinosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a brown gleba while
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FAD4C31E1707FAFE" box="[1288,1407,1326,1351]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="falcatus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FAD4C31E1707FAFE" box="[1288,1407,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. falcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a cream-coloured, discolouring pale greyish brown gleba with light orange pinkish tinge and produces moderately abundant latex. The peridiopellis of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FDC2C34610EDFA36" box="[542,661,1398,1423]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="falcatus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FDC2C34610EDFA36" box="[542,661,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. falcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of a loose layer of intricate hyphae, arranged periclinally as well as anticlinally, and lacks a slime-layer (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B660B19FFA0FD53C3AA1103FA0A" author="Verbeken, A. &amp; Stubbe, D. &amp; Putte, K. V. D. &amp; Eberhardt, U. &amp; Nuytinck, J." box="[655,891,1434,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref8402" refString="Verbeken, A., Stubbe, D., Putte, K. V. D., Eberhardt, U. &amp; Nuytinck, J. (2014) Tales of the unexpected: angiocarpous representatives of the Russulaceae in tropical South East Asia. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 32 (2): 13 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158514 X 679119" type="journal article" year="2014">
Verbeken
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FCDCC3AA1140FA0A" box="[768,824,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FC50C3AA1343FA6E" authority="Stubbe &amp; Verbeken (Verbeken et al. 2014: 21)" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="echinus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FC50C3AA162CFA0A" box="[908,1108,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lactarius echinus</emphasis>
Stubbe &amp; Verbeken (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B660B19FFA0FAE3C3AA134AFA6E" author="Verbeken, A. &amp; Stubbe, D. &amp; Putte, K. V. D. &amp; Eberhardt, U. &amp; Nuytinck, J." pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref8402" refString="Verbeken, A., Stubbe, D., Putte, K. V. D., Eberhardt, U. &amp; Nuytinck, J. (2014) Tales of the unexpected: angiocarpous representatives of the Russulaceae in tropical South East Asia. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 32 (2): 13 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158514 X 679119" type="journal article" year="2014">
Verbeken
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FF54C38E12C4FA6E" box="[136,188,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2014: 21
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FE0BC38E1006FA6E" box="[471,638,1470,1495]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spinosporus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FE0BC38E1006FA6E" box="[471,638,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. spinosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in peridiopellis, but
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FCACC38E119EFA6E" box="[880,998,1470,1495]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="echinus">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FCACC38E119EFA6E" box="[880,998,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">L. echinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has white latex and basidiospores with longer spines (5 μm long) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B660B19FFA0FE64C3D210DFFA42" author="Verbeken, A. &amp; Stubbe, D. &amp; Putte, K. V. D. &amp; Eberhardt, U. &amp; Nuytinck, J." box="[440,679,1506,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref8402" refString="Verbeken, A., Stubbe, D., Putte, K. V. D., Eberhardt, U. &amp; Nuytinck, J. (2014) Tales of the unexpected: angiocarpous representatives of the Russulaceae in tropical South East Asia. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 32 (2): 13 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158514 X 679119" type="journal article" year="2014">
Verbeken
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FDF7C3D2101BFA42" box="[555,611,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the species
<taxonomicName id="4C314D140B19FFA0FC6AC3D21654FA42" box="[950,1068,1506,1531]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Zelleromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FC6AC3D21654FA42" box="[950,1068,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Z. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from
<collectingCountry id="F32676070B19FFA0FB3FC3D2175EFA42" box="[1251,1318,1506,1531]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">China</collectingCountry>
has whitish basidiomata, a distinct columella and irregularly reticulate ornamentation of the basidiospores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B660B19FFA0FB1BC0361701F9A6" author="Tao, K. &amp; Chang, M. C." box="[1223,1401,1542,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref8098" refString="Tao, K. &amp; Chang, M. C. (1993) New species and new record of hypogeous fungi from China. IV (in Chinese). Acta Mycologia Sinica 12: 103 - 106." type="journal article" year="1993">
Tao
<emphasis id="B945EA850B19FFA0FB27C036174EF9A6" box="[1275,1334,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
), by which it can be distinguished from the present species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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