574 lines
73 KiB
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574 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="E3B1C1F9C3AB0804810F759A876580D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="273557" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90885b72-f54c-4068-8200-269d0b6f0004" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10022390" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1697228522866" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martínez-Azorín, Mario, Paonessa, Giacomo, Zaalberg, Bert, Crespo, Manuel B. & Vargas, María Ángeles Alonso" docDate="2023" docId="FC452E633709EB6928B532D0FCA0FD87" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.620.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 620 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Trimelopter cordifolium Mart., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="007C561B3708EB6F283D3142FFDCFFEE" masterDocTitle="Trimelopter cordifolium (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Ornithogaloideae), a new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1699696721468" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="34FCE674FC8B3B0F3DD9C3DE1E5E3872">Trimelopter cordifolium (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Ornithogaloideae), a new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FD08F0A42C5CAF15C510C263E7C08C2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="279940E783238E2AAB05B3984D353C45">Martínez-Azorín, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="572DA1845B9E9D891533B9DC05EEE2AD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2605-9575</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D746766EDE3ECF2AE91416E170EA7694">Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & mmartinez @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2605 - 9575 & ma. alonso @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3768 - 9203</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="282DD7102704FB64A42A3F2F7AC34451" type="email">mmartinez@ua.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F60699B7B1354A25D034F3E8299F7A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6EA47A68FEB67D3F7FB08FBF671DC46C">Paonessa, Giacomo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C66A72C83D7D66B6C77B16A21FE7CADB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8552-5054</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B3BBC5015D5F4D471FE75BD95F19113">Via Luca Bati 12, I- 00124 Roma, Italy. & paonessagiac @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8552 - 5054</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AA8CA67EB53198F0B5699F136F47A347" type="email">paonessagiac@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0446B16680414D828C1C2F69287651C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="510C19E79BE06C1CDFA6588757491FBD">Zaalberg, Bert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="86BAF67A62F905479B3E77C0DCDF4F97" type="ORCID">0009-0007-1658-533X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F81AE3FF70A686635CBB511D843AD94">Vlietweg 26, 2323 LC Leiden, The Netherlands. & info @ massonia. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0007 - 1658 - 533 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BE4CA7F010DAA84BA2D54179AFE64B8E" type="email">info@massonia.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="88FFF3B2EB397D4CFADF7BC50E98A8C0">Crespo, Manuel B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3967D7DF053019122960C0A9C94898A0">Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & crespo @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3294 - 5637</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="623C0166D907E697486C81C5C1034201" type="email">crespo@ua.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8904FAF9E043F30AC460309109EA0578">Vargas, María Ángeles Alonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BB53C6B99F7F327AE929C66AB5AC8EF8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3768-9203</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A16822AD4B24E9BA23B63271BC300F7">Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & ma. alonso @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3768 - 9203</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA54081FF2C846DC0385443499E22EE3" type="email">ma.alonso@ua.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D9828F1E5E1E683BFBA8B22A27CDD450">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B2091AA3A8771A5E525AB55F0E4D8C9C">
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<mods:date id="9787590701D634A0558552CC6C6D3150">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DEEE3C8566CF5075112CD8D3F9BC7165">2023-10-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD3A17B7629CB8BBF9C00F9775F5EBC9">620</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="535AAD2BF011A2FE8E91BE798B38AB6F">167</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="9043749B2AA3AB489C84809F5F5CB97B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.4</mods:url>
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<treatment id="FC452E633709EB6928B532D0FCA0FD87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022392" ID-GBIF-Taxon="214226910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10022392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC452E633709EB6928B532D0FCA0FD87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC452E633709EB6928B532D0FCA0FD87" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<heading id="2F1B28193709EB6E28B532D0FA92FC43" box="[136,1358,914,943]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F63709EB6E28B532D0FBB4FC41" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[136,1128,914,943]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E28B532D0FE42FC43" bold="true" box="[136,414,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
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Mart.-Azorín, Paonessa, Zaalberg, M.B.Crespo & M.Á.Alonso
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E2C4932D1FB16FC43" bold="true" box="[1140,1226,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5DABFE1C3709EB6E2C4932D1FB16FC43" box="[1140,1226,915,941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="ECD783F03709EB6E2CE732D1FA9DFC43" box="[1242,1345,915,941]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1370,190,1893]" captionTargetBox-1="[244,1346,195,1889]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@2.[217,1370,190,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@3.[237,1351,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Trimelopter cordifolium Mart.-Azorín et al. from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy. a. Flowers in frontal (above) and dorsal (below) views; b. Stamens (outers above and inners below) and bract; c. Gynoecium in lateral views; d. Emergent inflorescence with leaf starting to wither; e. Inflorescence with withered leaf; f. Inflorescence with immature capsules; g. Infructescence; h. Dehisced capsule with seeds; i. Seeds; j. Bulb with leaf; k. Leaf. Scale bars: a, d, g, h = 5 mm; b, c = 3 mm; e, f, j, k = 10 mm; i = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Trimelopter cordifolium Mart.-Azorín et al. from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy (a–i) and from the wild (j). a. Plants with leaf; b. Plants with emergent inflorescences and leaves; c. Plants with developing inflorescences and leaves starting to wither; d–h. Plants in leaf (all to the same scale, vertical side image = 2 cm long); i. Leaf surface detail showing the longitudinal ribs covered with tiny papillae; j. Leaved plant from the wild showing mimicry and psammophory taken on August 1997 by G. Paonessa." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022394" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022396" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10022394/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10022396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Figs 1−2</figureCitation>
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).
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE3709EB6E28B5329FFAF2FBD4" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="description">
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<paragraph id="74539F753709EB6E28B5329FFAF2FBD4" blockId="1.[136,1451,989,1189]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F63709EB6E28B5329FFEACFC1C" box="[136,368,989,1010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
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<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E28B5329FFEACFC1C" box="[136,368,989,1010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is slightly akin to
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<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F63709EB6E2A16329CFD3CFC1C" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[555,736,989,1011]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
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<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E2A16329CFD3CFC1C" box="[555,736,989,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">T. psammophorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on gross leaf features and psammophorous characteristics, but the former species differs by the single, much shorter, cordate leaf; bracts small, smooth and glabrous (not commonly longer, glandulous and psammophorous); smaller tepals and filaments; smaller and more prominently sculptured ovary; and shorter style.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE3709EB6E28B5350AFE0CFB4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="74539F753709EB6E28B5350AFE0CFB4B" blockId="1.[136,1451,989,1189]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E28B5350AFF1EFBB3" bold="true" box="[136,194,1096,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Type:</emphasis>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="0CFBDFE53709EB6E28E6350AFE56FBB3" box="[219,394,1096,1117]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="B62851973709EB6E29AE350AFDF8FBB3" box="[403,548,1096,1118]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
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.
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(2917): ca
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<locationDeviation id="65E186573709EB6E2B14350AFBDEFBB0" box="[809,1026,1096,1118]" location="Steinkopf" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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W of Steinkopf
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</locationDeviation>
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, ca
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<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2C1A350AFB84FBB0" box="[1063,1112,1096,1118]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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S of road R382 on the way to farm
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<location id="7133C9AE3709EB6E2880352EFF21FB6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC452E633709EB6928B532D0FCA0FD87:7133C9AE3709EB6E2880352EFF21FB6F" box="[189,253,1132,1153]" country="South Africa" municipality="Hondeklipbaai" name="Harras" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Harras</location>
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(−AD),
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</quantity>
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elevation, flat sandy soil in quartz field,
|
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<date id="0052B9B53709EB6E2B33352EFC50FB6F" box="[782,908,1132,1153]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="2022-06-30">
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<collectingDate id="1016405D3709EB6E2B33352EFC50FB6F" box="[782,908,1132,1153]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="2022-06-30">
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30 June
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<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2B61352EFC50FB6F" box="[860,908,1132,1153]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.135879999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="in" value="2022.0">2022</quantity>
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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in flower ex hort. in
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<collectorName id="D919FAA33709EB6E2C6E352EFB53FB6F" box="[1107,1167,1132,1153]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Rome</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="D919FAA33709EB6E2CA53529FB3DFB6F" box="[1176,1249,1131,1153]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
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Italy,
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<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E2CF0352EFB3DFB6F" box="[1229,1249,1132,1153]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">G</emphasis>
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</collectorName>
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. Paonessa s.n. (
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<typeStatus id="AB5721D73709EB6E288035CDFEC8FB4B" box="[189,276,1167,1189]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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;
|
||
<collectionCode id="12FD07B03709EB6E292035CDFE8EFB4A" box="[285,338,1167,1188]" country="Spain" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" name="Universidad de Alicante" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="Herbarium">ABH</collectionCode>
|
||
, K isotypes)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE3709EB6E28B53590FB6CF8A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F753709EB6E28B53590FB6CF8A9" blockId="1.[136,1452,1234,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Deciduous, small, bulbous plants to
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2A143590FDBDFB03" box="[553,609,1234,1261]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall. Bulb solitary, hypogeal, ovoid to subglobose, 1.6−2.0 × 1.4−2.0 cm, with soft pale brown outer tunics, usually with longitudinal darker markings, ending in a hypogeal neck,
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2D2535B4FAB0FAFE" box="[1304,1388,1270,1296]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1−2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. Roots fleshy, branched, white, to
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2A39345BFD88FADA" box="[516,596,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Leaf solitary, cordiform, 10−16 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2C1C345BFB4CFADA" box="[1057,1168,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8−11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, obtuse, appressed to the ground, greyish green on the adaxial side, psammophorous, covered on the adaxial side with small papillae which are arranged longitudinally, giving the appearance of being finely striate, with papillae secreting sticky polysaccharides and adhering sand grains to favour mimicry with the environment, smooth on the abaxial side, starting to wither or withered at the anthesis. Inflorescence an erect raceme with 4−6 flowers,
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2BE934E5FB8DFA2C" box="[980,1105,1447,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14−17 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; lowermost pedicels
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2DBD34E5FF68FA0B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, erect-patent at anthesis and erect in fruit; peduncle
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2B713488FC15FA0B" box="[844,969,1482,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20−25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; bracts deltoid-lanceolate, brownishgreen with membranous, white auriculae, acuminate, 2−2.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2B6F34ACFC16F9E6" box="[850,970,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5−2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, equal to shorter than pedicels at anthesis and fruit, glabrous, smooth. Flowers suberect to patent; tepals 6, biseriate, greenish with white margins, with a greygreen median stripe
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E29523777FE38F9A1" box="[367,484,1589,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1−1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide associated to the central nerves, slightly fleshy, with minutely glandulous apex; outer tepals oblong, 5.0−5.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E29D8371AFDADF99D" box="[485,625,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.2">2.2−2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; inner tepals ovate-elliptical, 5.9−6.0 × 2.0−
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2C55371AFB1DF99D" box="[1128,1217,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Stamen 6, biseriate, dimorphic; anthers ca 1 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2990373EFDDFF978" box="[429,515,1660,1686]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
after dehiscence; outer filaments narrowly lanceolate, 3.2−3.5 × 0.9−1.0 mm, inner filaments ovate and narrowly tapering along the upper third, 3.3−3.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2B8837DDFB9EF954" box="[949,1090,1695,1722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2−1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ovary ovoid, green with white longitudinal keels, 2.0−2.1 × 1.9−2.0 mm, trilobed in section, with two longitudinal keels on each carpel giving a 6- angled section; style narrowly columnar, erect, 1.9−2.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E2B2437A4FC79F8EF" box="[793,933,1766,1793]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4−0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, stigma undifferentiated, glandulous. Capsule subglobose, ca 4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B31432903709EB6E29623648FE7EF8CA" box="[351,418,1802,1828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, trilobed in section, pale-brown when mature, with ca 20 seeds per capsule. Seeds 1.3−1.9 × 0.7−1.0 mm, black, flattened, mostly hemidiscoidal or discoidal, with slightly winged margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE3709EB6E28803613FE27F860" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F753709EB6E28803613FE27F860" blockId="1.[136,1452,1234,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E28803613FEE2F885" bold="true" box="[189,318,1873,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:—Named after the heart-shaped morphology of leaves (after combination of the Latin words “
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E2D643612FA78F884" box="[1369,1444,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">cordus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E28B53637FF45F860" box="[136,153,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">-i</emphasis>
|
||
” (
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E288B3636FF2DF860" box="[182,241,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">heart</emphasis>
|
||
) and “
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E29003636FE78F860" box="[317,420,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">folium, -i</emphasis>
|
||
” (leaf).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE3709EB6E288036DAFBD6F7F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F753709EB6E288036DAFBD6F7F2" blockId="1.[136,1452,1234,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E288036DAFE09F85F" bold="true" box="[189,469,1943,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Phenology and biology:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F63709EB6E29CC36D5FD22F85F" box="[497,766,1943,1969]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E29CC36D5FD22F85F" box="[497,766,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces leaves presumably around June–August in the wild (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECD783F03709EB6E28AD36F9FF3DF83B" box="[144,225,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[244,1346,195,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[237,1351,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Trimelopter cordifolium Mart.-Azorín et al. from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy (a–i) and from the wild (j). a. Plants with leaf; b. Plants with emergent inflorescences and leaves; c. Plants with developing inflorescences and leaves starting to wither; d–h. Plants in leaf (all to the same scale, vertical side image = 2 cm long); i. Leaf surface detail showing the longitudinal ribs covered with tiny papillae; j. Leaved plant from the wild showing mimicry and psammophory taken on August 1997 by G. Paonessa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Fig. 2j</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cultivation, in the Northern Hemisphere (Rome,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CFBDFE53709EB6E2B6D36F9FC5BF83B" box="[848,903,1979,2005]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F63709EB6E2BA336F9FB72F83B" box="[926,1198,1979,2005]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="469843673709EB6E2BA336F9FB72F83B" box="[926,1198,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrated to be a robust plant, thriving in typical, mainly all mineral, sandy soil. Leaves appear around September and flowers in June. Capsules are mature at the end of July when the leaves are completely withered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2093CFFD370AEB6D28B5363CFE96F7CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10022394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022394/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" startId="2.[136,229,1918,1940]" targetBox="[217,1370,190,1893]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370AEB6D28B5363CFE96F7CD" blockId="2.[136,1452,1918,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D28B5363CFF22F87D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1918,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370AEB6D293E363CFDF8F87D" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[259,548,1918,1939]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D293E363CFE35F87D" box="[259,489,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Mart.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Azorín
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2A49363CFD79F87D" box="[628,677,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy.
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D28B536E0FF46F859" bold="true" box="[136,154,1954,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers in frontal (above) and dorsal (below) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2A9636E0FD63F859" bold="true" box="[683,703,1954,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens (outers above and inners below) and bract;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2CFB36E0FB0BF859" bold="true" box="[1222,1239,1954,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Gynoecium in lateral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D28F13684FF3CF835" bold="true" box="[204,224,1990,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Emergent inflorescence with leaf starting to wither;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2AEE3684FD38F835" bold="true" box="[723,740,1990,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">e.</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence with withered leaf;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2C143684FBEAF832" bold="true" box="[1065,1078,1990,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">f.</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence with immature capsules;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D28B536A8FF46F811" bold="true" box="[136,154,2026,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">g.</emphasis>
|
||
Infructescence;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D290436A8FE90F811" bold="true" box="[313,332,2026,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">h.</emphasis>
|
||
Dehisced capsule with seeds;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2A4C36A8FDA1F7EE" bold="true" box="[625,637,2026,2048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">i.</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2AF536A8FD0AF7EE" bold="true" box="[712,726,2026,2048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">j.</emphasis>
|
||
Bulb with leaf;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370AEB6D2B4F36A8FC59F811" bold="true" box="[882,901,2026,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">k.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf. Scale bars: a, d, g, h = 5 mm; b, c = 3 mm; e, f, j, k = 10 mm; i = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2093CFFD370BEB6C28B5363CFED9F7CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10022396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" startId="3.[136,229,1918,1940]" targetBox="[244,1346,195,1889]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370BEB6C28B5363CFED9F7CA" blockId="3.[136,1451,1918,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C28B5363CFF22F87D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1918,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370BEB6C293E363CFDF9F87D" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[259,549,1918,1939]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C293E363CFE36F87D" box="[259,490,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Mart.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Azorín
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C2A48363DFD7AF87D" box="[629,678,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy (a–i) and from the wild (j).
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C29B136E0FE43F859" bold="true" box="[396,415,1954,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Plants with leaf;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C2A7836E0FD84F859" bold="true" box="[581,600,1954,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Plants with emergent inflorescences and leaves;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C2C1636E0FBE0F859" bold="true" box="[1067,1084,1954,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Plants with developing inflorescences and leaves starting to wither;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C299F3684FE12F835" bold="true" box="[418,462,1990,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">d–h.</emphasis>
|
||
Plants in leaf (all to the same scale, vertical side image = 2 cm long);
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C2C503684FBA5F832" bold="true" box="[1133,1145,1990,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">i.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf surface detail showing the longitudinal ribs covered with tiny papillae;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370BEB6C2A0E36A8FD9EF7EE" bold="true" box="[563,578,2026,2048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">j.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaved plant from the wild showing mimicry and psammophory taken on August 1997 by G. Paonessa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2093CFFD370CEB6B28B536E3FAA7F810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10022398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" startId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[195,1393,190,1928]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370CEB6B28B536E3FAA7F810" blockId="4.[136,1452,1953,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B28B536E3FF21F858" bold="true" box="[136,253,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370CEB6B293F36E3FDCFF858" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[258,531,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B293F36E3FDCFF858" box="[258,531,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Trimelopter psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(U.Müll.-Doblies & D. Müll.-Doblies) Mart.-Azorín
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B2C2D36E0FB9CF858" box="[1040,1088,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
from west of Steinkopf (type locality) in South Africa.
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B291B3687FEE4F834" bold="true" box="[294,312,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Plant in flower with withered leaf;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B2AB13687FD43F834" bold="true" box="[652,671,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Tepals and stamens, outers above and inners below;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B2CA43687FB76F834" bold="true" box="[1177,1194,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Gynoecium, lateral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B28B536ABFF40F810" bold="true" box="[136,156,2025,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Wild bulbs with leaves;
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370CEB6B29B436ABFE46F810" bold="true" box="[393,410,2025,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">e.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of young inflorescence with psammophorous bracts and leaf. Scale bars: b–c = 5 mm; d = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE370DEB6A288031DCFB62FD3A" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370DEB6A288031DCFB62FD3A" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
|
||
As reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A294A31DCFDA7FF56" author="Neinhuis, C. & Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[375,635,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref4928" refString="Neinhuis, C., Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Psammophora and other sand-coated plants from South Africa. Feddes Repertorium 107: 549 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070512" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Neinhuis
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A29DA31DDFDF8FF56" box="[487,548,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the sand-bearing behaviour is shared by several species occurring in southern Africa, such as in 21 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2A593180FCD0FF32" box="[612,780,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hyacinthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 6 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2B943180FB81FF32" box="[937,1117,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2CC63180FA7BFF32" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1275,1447,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asphodelaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A292831A4FE69FEEE" box="[277,437,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Anthericaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anthericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 1 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2A4131A4FD3AFEEE" box="[636,742,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Iridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is achieved by a sticky and viscous secretion, as clear as water and brittle when dry, consisting probably of polysaccharides, which is very slowly soluble in water. In a young stage, the secretion allows the sinking of small particles, adhering sand grains. As for the function of psammophory, mimesis with the environment and protection against herbivores, high insolation and abrasion by sandy winds are argued (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A28DF3034FE10FE7E" author="Neinhuis, C. & Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[226,460,374,400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref4928" refString="Neinhuis, C., Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Psammophora and other sand-coated plants from South Africa. Feddes Repertorium 107: 549 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070512" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Neinhuis
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A296D3035FE55FE7E" box="[336,393,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Regarding species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2AEC3034FCA5FE7E" box="[721,889,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hyacinthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and specially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2C223035FDFEFE5A" authority="(Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies 1996: 482) Mart." authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityPageNumber="482" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2C223035FB32FE7E" box="[1055,1262,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">T. psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2CC03034FE0FFE5A" author="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="361 - 548" refId="ref4888" refString="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Revisionula incompleta Ornithogalorum Austro-Africanorum (Hyacinthaceae). Feddes Repertorium 107: 361 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070511" type="journal article" year="1996">Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996: 482</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Mart.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2BA530D8FAC0FE5A" author="Martinez-Azorin, M. & Crespo, M. B. & Juan, A. & Fay, M. F." box="[920,1308,410,436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref4467" refString="Martinez-Azorin, M., Crespo, M. B., Juan, A. & Fay, M. F. (2011) Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA regions, including a new taxonomic arrangement. Annals of Botany 107: 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcq 207" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Martínez-Azorín
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2C6330D9FB45FE5A" box="[1118,1177,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011: 26)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, secretion is confined to the leaf ribs or rows of papillae, with no secretion in between the ribs, and the stomata not covered by the sticky secretion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A297530A0FDE8FE12" author="Neinhuis, C. & Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[328,564,482,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref4928" refString="Neinhuis, C., Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Psammophora and other sand-coated plants from South Africa. Feddes Repertorium 107: 549 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070512" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Neinhuis
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A298A30A1FE2CFE12" box="[439,496,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This seems to be the pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2B9230A1FB92FE12" box="[943,1102,482,508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2B9230A1FB92FE12" box="[943,1102,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">T. cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well. Epicuticular waxes of the primitive unordered
|
||
<typeStatus id="AB5721D7370DEB6A29A63345FE17FDCF" box="[411,459,519,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are present on the normal epidermal cells and on the stomata (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2CA43344FA5AFDCE" author="Neinhuis, C. & Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[1177,1414,518,544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref4928" refString="Neinhuis, C., Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Psammophora and other sand-coated plants from South Africa. Feddes Repertorium 107: 549 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070512" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Neinhuis
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2D353345FA9EFDCE" box="[1288,1346,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also reported that the sticky secretion is very slowly soluble, even in hot water, and not soluble in organic solvents. Only after one or two hours of incubation in hot water, traceable quantities are dissolved, without allowing, however, the fixed sand grains to fall off (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A29D33330FD0BFD62" author="Neinhuis, C. & Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[494,727,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref4928" refString="Neinhuis, C., Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Psammophora and other sand-coated plants from South Africa. Feddes Repertorium 107: 549 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070512" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Neinhuis
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2A613331FD48FD62" box="[604,660,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As a possible disadvantage of psammophory, sand grains could function as little lenses and heat up the surface, although the advantage of the sand coat must be very important when the plant must deal with the potentially unfavourable thermal side effects (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2BF533F8FB6DFD3A" author="Neinhuis, C. & Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[968,1201,698,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref4928" refString="Neinhuis, C., Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Psammophora and other sand-coated plants from South Africa. Feddes Repertorium 107: 549 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070512" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Neinhuis
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2C0B33F9FBB2FD3A" box="[1078,1134,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE370DEB6A2880339CFB45FC66" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370DEB6A2880339CFB45FC66" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2880339CFEFFFD16" bold="true" box="[189,291,734,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2903339CFD90FD16" box="[318,588,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2903339CFD90FD16" box="[318,588,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in sandy soil associated to quartz patches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECD783F0370DEB6A2CBD339CFB01FD16" box="[1152,1245,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[244,1346,195,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[237,1351,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Trimelopter cordifolium Mart.-Azorín et al. from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy (a–i) and from the wild (j). a. Plants with leaf; b. Plants with emergent inflorescences and leaves; c. Plants with developing inflorescences and leaves starting to wither; d–h. Plants in leaf (all to the same scale, vertical side image = 2 cm long); i. Leaf surface detail showing the longitudinal ribs covered with tiny papillae; j. Leaved plant from the wild showing mimicry and psammophory taken on August 1997 by G. Paonessa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022396/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 2–j</figureCitation>
|
||
), on the Succulent Karoo Biome in SKn4 Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld. It shows a winter-rainfall climate with irregular rain events mostly in the period from May to August and a dry season with almost no rain from November to February. The mean annual precipitation is about
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A29F63208FDFBFC8B" box="[459,551,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="115.0">115 mm</quantity>
|
||
with dew experienced throughout the winter and the mean annual temperature is quite high and amounts to 17.8º C with frosts hardly occurring (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2B6E322CFB51FC66" author="Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M. C." box="[851,1165,878,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refId="ref4849" refString="Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M. C. (eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina & Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE370DEB6A288032D0FF0BFC1A" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370DEB6A288032D0FF0BFC1A" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A288032D0FE93FC42" bold="true" box="[189,335,914,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:—The newly described species is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AB5721D7370DEB6A2BED32D1FBDCFC43" box="[976,1024,915,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in northern Namaqualand, ca
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A28B532F4FF12FC3E" box="[136,206,950,977]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
west of Steinkopf, on the way to Port Nolloth, in the proximity of Harrasberg,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B6285197370DEB6A2C0532F4FA9BFC3E" box="[1080,1351,950,976]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CFBDFE5370DEB6A2D5732F4FF0FFC1A" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE370DEB6A288032BCFA9BFAD6" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370DEB6A288032BCFA9BFAD6" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A288032BCFCEFFBF6" bold="true" box="[189,819,1022,1048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Diagnostic characters and taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2B6A32BCFBB6FBF6" box="[855,1130,1022,1048]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2B6A32BCFBB6FBF6" box="[855,1130,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily identified by the solitary leaf which is small, cordate, finely longitudinally striate and psammophorous; the short inflorescence and pedicels, bearing small flowers and bracts; and the prominently sculptured ovary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECD783F0370DEB6A2C033504FB79FB8E" box="[1086,1189,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,190,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[217,1370,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Trimelopter cordifolium Mart.-Azorín et al. from the type locality, west of Steinkopf in South Africa, ex hort. in Rome, Italy. a. Flowers in frontal (above) and dorsal (below) views; b. Stamens (outers above and inners below) and bract; c. Gynoecium in lateral views; d. Emergent inflorescence with leaf starting to wither; e. Inflorescence with withered leaf; f. Inflorescence with immature capsules; g. Infructescence; h. Dehisced capsule with seeds; i. Seeds; j. Bulb with leaf; k. Leaf. Scale bars: a, d, g, h = 5 mm; b, c = 3 mm; e, f, j, k = 10 mm; i = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022394/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 1a,c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphologically closest relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A296B3528FDB8FB6A" box="[342,612,1130,1156]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A296B3528FDB8FB6A" box="[342,612,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2B3A3529FC0AFB6A" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[775,982,1130,1156]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2B3A3529FC0AFB6A" box="[775,982,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">T. psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the finely longitudinally striate, psammophorous leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECD783F0370DEB6A29BB35CCFE10FB46" box="[390,460,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[195,1393,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trimelopter psammophorum (U.Müll.-Doblies & D. Müll.-Doblies) Mart.-Azorín et al. from west of Steinkopf (type locality) in South Africa. a. Plant in flower with withered leaf; b. Tepals and stamens, outers above and inners below; c. Gynoecium, lateral views; d. Wild bulbs with leaves; e. Detail of young inflorescence with psammophorous bracts and leaf. Scale bars: b–c = 5 mm; d = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022398/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2A2F35CCFCFDFB46" box="[530,801,1166,1192]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2A2F35CCFCFDFB46" box="[530,801,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by the much shorter, cordate leaf, 10−16 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2D4E35CCFF68FB23" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8−11 mm</quantity>
|
||
(not (50−)60−120 × (8)
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A29FE35F0FD9AFB22" box="[451,582,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10−25 mm</quantity>
|
||
), bracts small (
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2ACF35F0FCB5FB23" box="[754,873,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2−2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), smooth and glabrous (not commonly longer (
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A28AD3594FF2CFB1F" box="[144,240,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6−9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), glandulous and psammophorous), smaller tepals 5.0−6.0 × 2.0−
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2C393594FB85FB1F" box="[1028,1113,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(not 8.0−10.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2D2E3594FA43FB1E" box="[1299,1439,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.1">2.1−2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), smaller filaments 3.2−3.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A29ED35B8FD87FAFB" box="[464,603,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9−1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(not 5.7−7.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2B2835B8FC79FAFA" box="[789,933,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8−1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), more prominently sculptured smaller ovary 2.0−2.1 × 1.9−2.0 mm (not 4.0−5.0 × 2.8−3.0 mm) and shorter style ca
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2B96345CFBDDFAD7" box="[939,1025,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (not 2.7−3.0 mm long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CF6CCFE370DEB6928803400FCA0FD87" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370DEB6928803400FBC7FEA6" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,158,617]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A28803400FE22FAB2" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[189,510,1346,1372]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A28803400FE22FAB2" box="[189,510,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was briefly described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2B1D3400FEACFA6E" authority="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies (1996: 482)" authorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" authorityPageNumber="482" authorityYear="1996" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Ornithogalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2B1D3400FBA7FAB2" box="[800,1147,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Ornithogalum psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2CB93400FEACFA6E" author="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="361 - 548" refId="ref4888" refString="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Revisionula incompleta Ornithogalorum Austro-Africanorum (Hyacinthaceae). Feddes Repertorium 107: 361 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070511" type="journal article" year="1996">Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies (1996: 482)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kosies entry, ca
|
||
<quantity id="B3143290370DEB6A2A413424FD64FA6E" box="[636,696,1382,1408]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
|
||
west of Steinkopf,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B6285197370DEB6A2BA23424FB6AFA6E" box="[927,1206,1382,1408]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CFBDFE5370DEB6A2CDD3424FAA8FA6E" box="[1248,1396,1382,1408]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and was diagnosed by its psammophorous leaf and the only slightly or not sculptured ovary in relation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2D2634C9FA78FA4A" box="[1307,1444,1418,1444]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Ornithogalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2D2634C9FA78FA4A" box="[1307,1444,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">T. unifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The protologue did not include a full morphological description of the species and only an illustration of a bulb with a psammophorous leaf, plus comments on its distribution and a list of herbarium collections were provided. It was said that the species is mostly distributed near Steinkopf, with two outside localities in the Kamiesberg and the Knersvlakte, in the southern Namaqualand territories. Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370DEB6A2B563758FAE0F9DA" author="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[875,1340,1562,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="361 - 548" refId="ref4888" refString="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Revisionula incompleta Ornithogalorum Austro-Africanorum (Hyacinthaceae). Feddes Repertorium 107: 361 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070511" type="journal article" year="1996">Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated an herbarium collection at PRE as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AB5721D7370DEB6A2A08377CFD4BF9B6" box="[565,663,1598,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and further collections as isotypes deposited in 15 additional herbaria. As it occurs with most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A29B13720FDEDF992" box="[396,561,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hyacinthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hyacinthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described by those authors, type collections have not been deposited in the cited herbaria so far, which, together with the scarce information given in the protologues, make understanding of their species very difficult. Our field work in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CFBDFE5370DEB6A2ABB37E8FCC9F92A" box="[646,789,1706,1732]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the last decades has facilitated knowledge improvement of their species, and we here present an illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2B36378CFB92F906" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[779,1102,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2B36378CFB92F906" box="[779,1102,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECD783F0370DEB6A2C5C378CFB7BF906" box="[1121,1191,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[195,1393,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trimelopter psammophorum (U.Müll.-Doblies & D. Müll.-Doblies) Mart.-Azorín et al. from west of Steinkopf (type locality) in South Africa. a. Plant in flower with withered leaf; b. Tepals and stamens, outers above and inners below; c. Gynoecium, lateral views; d. Wild bulbs with leaves; e. Detail of young inflorescence with psammophorous bracts and leaf. Scale bars: b–c = 5 mm; d = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10022398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10022398/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) from near Steinkopf, including reproductive characters. Based on our field experience, we agree that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2C3C37B1FB0CF8E2" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1025,1232,1778,1804]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2C3C37B1FB0CF8E2" box="[1025,1232,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">T. psammophorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly restricted to the territories around Steinkopf, and we have documented about ten further populations in the area (MMA312, MMA315, MMA373, MMA375, MMA385; MMA389, MMA412, MMA417, MMA1230, MMA1250; herbarium vouchers deposited at ABH and GRA). The population from the Knersvlakte differs by the more sculptured ovary but retain the elongated leaf and larger flowers of this species. Further studies are necessary to ascertain their taxonomic placement.Furthermore, the collection
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2A0A36E5FD23F82E" box="[567,767,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">A. Harrower 3607</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG0216613-0!) from quartz flats east of Nuwerus, includes a photograph of a plant in leaf that resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB6A2AB43689FCFAF80A" box="[649,806,1994,2020]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2AB43689FCFAF80A" box="[649,806,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">T. cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in overall morphology, but differs by the more succulent, convex leaf with non-convolute base, and the larger flowers. This probably represents an undescribed species in the genus, but fresh material is necessary to decide about its taxonomic placement. The remaining known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370DEB692D1A3950FF05FF56" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370DEB6A2D1A3950FA77F7C2" box="[1319,1451,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Trimelopter</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show very different leaf morphology regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692AC931DDFC4DFF56" box="[756,913,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692AC931DDFC4DFF56" box="[756,913,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">T. cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being much longer and never psammophorous. A sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB6929253181FE6BFF32" box="[280,439,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB6929253181FE6BFF32" box="[280,439,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">T. cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in our unpublished extended phylogenetic study on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692C9F3180FAB8FF32" authorityName="sensu APG" authorityYear="2003" box="[1186,1380,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ornithogaloideae">Ornithogaloideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on plastid and nuclear DNA regions and confirms its inclusion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692BBF31A4FBDAFEEE" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" box="[898,1030,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692BBF31A4FBDAFEEE" box="[898,1030,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Trimelopter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which constantly represents a wellsupported clade.All those facts point out to acceptance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692B343048FC51FECA" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" box="[777,909,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692B343048FC51FECA" box="[777,909,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Trimelopter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at genus rank, and its independence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692D613048FA77FECA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[1372,1451,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Albuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692D613048FA77FECA" box="[1372,1451,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Albuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5DABFE1C370EEB6928B5306DFF61FEA7" box="[136,189,303,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which shows a highly specialized flower morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370EEB692B12306CFBD3FEA6" author="Johnson, S. D. & Jurgens, A. & Kuhlmann, M." box="[815,1039,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="565 - 572" refId="ref4042" refString="Johnson, S. D., Jurgens, A. & Kuhlmann, M. (2012) Pollination function transferred: Modified tepals of Albuca (Hyacinthaceae) serve as secondary stigmas. Annals of Botany 110: 565 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcs 114" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692BAE306DFC10FEA6" box="[915,972,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="74539F75370EEB6928803010FCA0FD87" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Some northern Namaqualand species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692A463010FC3EFE82" authority="Rafinesque (1837: 28)" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1837" box="[635,994,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Coilonox" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692A463010FD3EFE82" box="[635,738,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Coilonox</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370EEB692AD53010FC3EFE82" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[744,994,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" refId="ref5112" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. (1837) Flora Telluriana, vol. 2. H. Probasco, Philadelphia, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7751" type="book" year="1837">Rafinesque (1837: 28)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a phylogenetically close related genus to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB6928CD3034FEA8FE7E" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" box="[240,372,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB6928CD3034FEA8FE7E" box="[240,372,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Trimelopter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370EEB6929963034FD31FE7E" author="Martinez-Azorin, M. & Crespo, M. B. & Juan, A. & Fay, M. F." box="[427,749,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref4467" refString="Martinez-Azorin, M., Crespo, M. B., Juan, A. & Fay, M. F. (2011) Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA regions, including a new taxonomic arrangement. Annals of Botany 107: 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcq 207" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Martinez-Azorín
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692A4D3035FD76FE7E" box="[624,682,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692B423035FBC2FE7E" box="[895,1054,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Trimelopter" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692B423035FBC2FE7E" box="[895,1054,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">T. cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the distinctly longitudinally striate or ribbed, psammophorous leaves, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692A4930D8FE89FE37" authority="(Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies 1996: 516) Speta (2001: 175)" authorityName="Speta" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityPageNumber="516" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Coilonox" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrocostatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692A4930D8FC48FE5A" box="[628,916,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Coilonox scabrocostatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370EEB692B9830D8FA78FE5B" author="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[933,1444,410,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="361 - 548" refId="ref4888" refString="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Revisionula incompleta Ornithogalorum Austro-Africanorum (Hyacinthaceae). Feddes Repertorium 107: 361 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070511" type="journal article" year="1996">Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996: 516</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Speta (2001: 175)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB6929B230FDFAA6FE37" authority="(Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies 1996: 517) Speta (2001: 175)" authorityName="Speta" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Muller-Doblies & Muller-Doblies" baseAuthorityPageNumber="517" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[399,1402,446,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Coilonox" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karachabpoortense">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB6929B230FDFD56FE36" box="[399,650,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">C. karachabpoortense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="107DE284370EEB692AA630FCFB45FE37" author="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D." box="[667,1177,446,473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="361 - 548" refId="ref4888" refString="Muller-Doblies, U. & Muller-Doblies, D. (1996) Revisionula incompleta Ornithogalorum Austro-Africanorum (Hyacinthaceae). Feddes Repertorium 107: 361 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19961070511" type="journal article" year="1996">Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996: 517</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Speta (2001: 175)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but both latter species clearly differ in overall leaf morphology (being distinctly elongated and with different surface), and most notably by their flowers, based on their gynoecium with ovate-oblong ovary (which is subcylindrical-trigonous in transversal section and lacking dorsal keels), and the elongated, thin, deflexed style ending in a distinctly glandulouspapillose stigma, easily characterizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ECE4F6370EEB692A06330CFD7EFD86" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" box="[571,674,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Coilonox" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="46984367370EEB692A06330CFD7EFD86" box="[571,674,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Coilonox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |