162 lines
19 KiB
XML
162 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="45926AFAB55EE746AB87474F87E3A060" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFA9EF096A8AFD67FC0EFA6B" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides nanellus Wirth and Blanton" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="38EDD8504242CFC0C1FD87A6055B9930" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="58DA10309ED8A129E50097A27D38C1C2">
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<mods:title id="6D244DA9A4BDBF49019CD14DBE913730">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3C513744DB1F8800399E1EE86A804C46" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="022736BFAC474D20F8C464D502979783">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6B8BE2092E79632DA08ABC7A4C4ED702">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D3798ACB15160C7E0989B8CD4F331C9">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="84E70716A270F6542CA9C9526044D615">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="408CF1947A7335BC817A5E2B6DA1B5A7">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="091B4AE98032C2C9469307FAB0BA0CFF">
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<mods:date id="7EAB970B5F4E5841C47476FA57367C47">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="339B391A43BA6BAEB3B218C62D7130BF">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="99FF40AC9BEAF3544905A220E95BB635" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="85FA2DB73A010AE0AC413387D9BF7A0A">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9C735ED99E0B41C6F69E84C4F623F91D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C6B69DE817DF5780D13444DFADBE8C1C">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="76B7133A9789E257C426CE8C05FE81F9">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="54379E1602F58A92BB9F9EFB5745AA00">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="740D2D4A901EC667B1C306492338D7BA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0B371E38266F8FE385698E94F4FB966" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5F024D7AA376CCEB532B56A1E50564CE" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="10851400673D9C30DA60E718F21D1BEC" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFA9EF096A8AFD67FC0EFA6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFA9EF096A8AFD67FC0EFA6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFA9EF096A8AFD67FC0EFA6B" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA9EF096A8AFD67FD7EFD25" box="[192,690,676,705]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096A8AFD67FD7EFD25" blockId="117.[192,690,676,705]" box="[192,690,676,705]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFA9EF096A8AFD67FD7EFD25" box="[192,690,676,705]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096A8AFD67FD7EFD25" ID-CoL="6BPPW" authority="Wirth and Blanton" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" box="[192,690,676,705]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanellus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFD67FD7EFD25" bold="true" box="[192,690,676,705]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFD67FE7AFD25" bold="true" box="[192,438,676,705]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Culicoides nanellus</emphasis>
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Wirth and Blanton
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA9EF096AAAFD0CFE40FCC1" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096AAAFD0CFE40FCC1" blockId="117.[224,1441,719,805]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFA9EF096AAAFD0CFE40FCC1" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFA9EF096AAAFD0CFD3AFD03" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[224,758,719,743]" page="565" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" year="1969">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096AAAFD0CFD3AFD03" ID-CoL="6BPPW" authority="Wirth and Blanton, 1969 a: 565" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" authorityPageNumber="565" authorityYear="1969" box="[224,758,719,743]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanellus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096AAAFD0CFE6BFD03" box="[224,423,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Culicoides nanellus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA9EF096BFAFD0CFD3AFD03" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[432,758,719,743]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref143045" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1969 a. New species and records of Culicoides from western North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 71: 556 - 567." type="journal article" year="1969">Wirth and Blanton, 1969a: 565</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(female, male; fig. female antenna, palpus, wing, eye separation, spermathecae, hind leg, male genitalia, parameres;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA9EF096969FD2DFC5CFCE2" box="[803,912,750,774]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">California</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFA9EF0969EEFD2DFB4FFCE2" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[932,1155,750,774]" page="38" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA9EF0969EEFD2DFB4FFCE2" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[932,1155,750,774]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 38</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA9EF096A8AFCF6FBEEFBD9" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096A8AFCF6FBEEFBD9" blockId="117.[191,1442,821,1086]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFCF6FEF1FCAB" bold="true" box="[192,317,821,847]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFA9EF096B00FCF6FE7AFCAB" box="[330,438,821,847]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFA9EF096BF5FCF6FE16FCB4" box="[447,474,821,848]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="117" pageNumber="116">15</tableCitation>
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) Pale brown; wing pattern reduced, distal pale spots absent from or barely discernable in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFA9EF096AADFCA5FF23FC90" attach="left" box="[231,239,870,884]" fontSize="6" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">3</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFA9EF096B58FCA5FED6FC90" attach="right" box="[274,282,870,884]" fontSize="6" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">1</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFA9EF096B77FCA5FE89FC90" attach="left" box="[317,325,870,884]" fontSize="6" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">2</subScript>
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(similar to Fig. 145, 224
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF09681DFC94FD7AFC95" box="[599,694,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawsi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF09681DFC94FDA5FC95" box="[599,617,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF09683CFC94FD7AFC95" box="[630,694,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">hawsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or 148, 237
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096971FC94FC7BFC95" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[827,951,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublettei">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096971FC94FC81FC95" box="[827,845,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096910FC94FC7BFC95" box="[858,951,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">sublettei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); tibiae with basal pale band; female palpus fusiform, with a deep sensory pit ~0.4 as wide as segment (pit similar to Fig. 249
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096E77FCBAFB77FC77" authorityName=": Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[1085,1211,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hinmani">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096E77FCBAFB83FC77" box="[1085,1103,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096E16FCBAFB77FC77" box="[1116,1211,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">hinmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); two unequal ovoid spermathecae (ratio 1.06) with fingerlike vestigial third; sclerotized ring on spermathecal duct; ventro-posterior membrane of male sternite 9 bare; gonocoxal apodemes simple, ventral apodeme thin, ~5× longer than wide; midportion of lateral contour of gonostylus slightly concave; aedeagus almost V-shaped, basal arms relatively slender and only slightly curved, each ~10× longer than wide, median process simple, tapering to narrow blunt tip, aedeagal ratio ~0.55; parameres separate, apical half simple thin sinuous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA9EF096A8AFB8EFEF9FB1B" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096A8AFB8EFD1FFB83" blockId="117.[192,723,1101,1127]" box="[192,723,1101,1127]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFB8EFE90FB83" bold="true" box="[192,348,1101,1127]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA9EF096B28FB8EFE1BFB83" box="[354,471,1101,1127]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">California</collectingRegion>
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(Mendocino County).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096A8AFBB4FEBCFB50" blockId="117.[192,1440,1143,1204]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFBB4FEB9FB75" bold="true" box="[192,373,1143,1169]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Larval ecology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096B34FBB4FD9BFB75" box="[382,599,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanellus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096B34FBB4FD9BFB75" box="[382,599,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Culicoides nanellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected by F.K. Murphy in a treehole trap
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<date id="14468985FFA9EF096ED8FBB4FADFFB76" box="[1170,1299,1143,1170]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" value="1965-07-01">1 July 1965</date>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA9EF096F6EFBB4FEA8FB50" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref143045" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1969 a. New species and records of Culicoides from western North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 71: 556 - 567." type="journal article" year="1969">Wirth and Blanton 1969a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096A8AFB00FEF9FB1B" blockId="117.[192,1440,1219,1279]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFB00FEBBFB39" bold="true" box="[192,375,1219,1245]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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The mandibular teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood; however, its hosts are unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA9EF096A8AFACCFC0EFA6B" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA9EF096A8AFACCFC0EFA6B" blockId="117.[192,1440,1295,1424]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096A8AFACCFEFCFACD" bold="true" box="[192,304,1295,1321]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Male
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096B32FACCFE39FACD" box="[376,501,1295,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanellus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096B32FACCFE45FACD" box="[376,393,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096BDDFACCFE39FACD" box="[407,501,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">nanellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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would most likely be confused with those
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096991FACCFBBCFACD" box="[987,1136,1295,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kibunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096991FACCFC20FACD" box="[987,1004,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF0969B0FACCFBBCFACD" box="[1018,1136,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">kibunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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that occasionally have five spines in the hind tibial comb; however,
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF0968C3FAF2FCD2FAAF" box="[649,798,1329,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kibunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF0968C3FAF2FD57FAAF" box="[649,667,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF0968E2FAF2FCD2FAAF" box="[680,798,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">kibunensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a more robust aedeagus with thicker basal arms and a broader distal process (
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFA9EF096B92FA90FDEAFA89" box="[472,550,1363,1389]" captionStart="Figures 94–99" captionStartId="180.[192,279,1379,1405]" captionTargetBox="[195,1433,213,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-80@180.[192,1440,213,1349]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="Figures 94–99. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view. Ventral apodeme of gonocoxite and apex of paramere circled on Fig. 94–96. 94) C. sublettei (Gillespie County, TX [FSCA]). 95) C. usingeri. 96) C. vetustus (San Bernardino County, CA [BM]). 97) C. posoensis (paratype, Kern County, CA [FSCA]). 98) C. kibunensis. 99) C. travisi (VA [FSCA])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391742/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
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). Females are readily distinguished by SCo pattern, antennal ratio, and the distinctive palpal segment 3. No
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA9EF096845FAB6FD40FA6B" box="[527,652,1397,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096845FAB6FDEDFA6B" box="[527,545,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA9EF096864FAB6FD40FA6B" box="[558,652,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">nanellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |