449 lines
59 KiB
XML
449 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5B7DB40C9F1705BB8D4DDC35ADB76176">A systematic review of the Neotropical social wasp genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): species delimitation, morphological diagnosis, and geographical distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E69EE21DFF4DE591292E8173896417C">Barroso, Paulo Cezar Salgado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3222125D1E23DB8665152BCE63BA9C45">Programa de Pos-Graducao em Ciencias Biologicas (Entomologia), Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Av. Andre Araujo, 2.936, Petropolis, 69067 - 375, Manaus, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4B62AABF49DABE0ED1B5A555744BD5FB" type="email">pc.salgadobarroso@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3814C842C9ED8FBAFB9F5AD749C02C5A">Menezes, Rodolpho Santos Telles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8FE70CEA56D135F2460BE14FB330D1E">Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105 - 900, Santa Maria, Brazil & Laborato ́ rio de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Cie ̂ ncias e Letras (FFCLRP), Universidade de Sa ̃ o Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, 14040 - 901, Ribeira ̃ o Preto, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4FF2079D92DEA5E84E59BE06A1E79F58" type="email">rstmenezes@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A9D2D6B471306D366BE6084C350E696B">de Oliveira, Marcio Luiz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A434DC8253215E0438DC049CCEEA13EE">Programa de Pos-Graducao em Ciencias Biologicas (Entomologia), Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Av. Andre Araujo, 2.936, Petropolis, 69067 - 375, Manaus, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F28F4390D29AC873D7AEDAA949F5419A">Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="94E5BBE9271EEA426E1A39E7EEF5DD73">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0C07695ACEDD5A5F92DEBAAADAAFA62A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193856274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C07695ACEDD5A5F92DEBAAADAAFA62A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C07695ACEDD5A5F92DEBAAADAAFA62A" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" scope_family="Vespidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="F30CBD45BFBA708C72FE28F408FC79FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B2A06982DF0B8BB5C6E0D0C4CF4AE03F" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="05072B8C5ED75E59E8097FF1AB0767EE" ID-CoL="6734N" LSID="0C07695A-CEDD-5A5F-92DE-BAAADAAFA62A" authority="(Lepeletier, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Angiopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angiopolybia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2E446609861631B1143400E77BA67332" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A3FE00FBF30F7AA7A3A10D60F3487A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<figureCitation id="F70C39AFF0CAA8A9BCD9AF56089B46B5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lectotype, female of Polybia infernalis de Saussure, 1856 [currently Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836)]: a. lateral view, b. dorsal view, c. head in frontal view. Male: d. head in frontal view, e. lateral view, f. dorsal view. Scale: 1 mm. Source: Agniele Touret-Alby MNHN for images a, b, and c." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652691" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figs 1a-f</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="08B3AFDDE87FCB9A7D25A1B34CA577A8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Structure variation of the nest of Angiopolybia pallens: a. typical form in external view, b. and c. variation found in external and internal view, respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652692" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 2a-c</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BD0D99429BE81FC892E96D798EB7C439" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genitalia of three Angiopolybia species. Angiopolybia pallens: a. paramere, b. aedeagus in left lateral view, c. aedeagus in ventral view, d. digitus, e. cuspis (image mirrored). Angiopolybia obidensis: f. paramere, g. aedeagus in left lateral view, h. aedeagus in ventral view, i. digitus, j. cuspis. Angiopolybia paraensis: k. paramere, l. aedeagus in left lateral view, m. aedeagus in ventral view, n. digitus, o. cuspis. Scale: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652696" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 6a-e</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3ADEF81539E6FC9F7B0039E4A17F9067" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological variation of Angiopolybia species. Angiopolybia pallens: a. Cayenne, French Guiana; b. Amazonas, Brazil; c. Bahia, Brazil; d. Sao Paulo, Brazil; e. Loreto, Peru; f. Napo, Ecuador; g. Chapare, Bolivia. Angiopolybia zischkai: h. Pipeline, Panama. Angiopolybia obidensis: i. Roraima, Brazil. Angiopolybia paraensis: j. Roraima (brown and yellow specimen), Brazil; k. Napo, Ecuador (brown specimen); l. Crique Alama, French Guiana (dark brown specimen). Scale: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652697" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 7a-g</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B29933CAE609AC9586742DADC8A4D41" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E3FDAC4D6D23EE16316228CA9F38C2B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="95B424090AB8A3BE843D3123E3297A8E" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Rhopalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalidia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">Rhopalidia pallens</taxonomicName>
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Lepeletier, 1836: 539; Spinola, 1851: 63 (nest); de Saussure, 1854: 189 (synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="CBB41A102181425A8680B67FBD1D7A49" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia pallipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">Polybia pallipes</taxonomicName>
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(Olivier, 1792)); du Buysson, 1906: 342 (synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="E26C9A185A8CD6AC4554D14F9407BC90" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoica pallida subsp. var. var. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallida" subSpecies="var." variety="pallens">Apoica pallida var. pallens</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius, 1804)); Ducke, 1910: 542 (specimen of the collection of Spinola =
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<taxonomicName id="8FE3BFB29C0C880EEF396B677A5F4E7C" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">S. infernalis</taxonomicName>
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(de Saussure,1854)); Schulz, 1912: 60 (synonym:
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<taxonomicName id="EB8FF389B41CFBA200D42128E8CD281F" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">S. infernalis</taxonomicName>
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(de Saussure, 1854)).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1C91B78E43DB17DDA594DA99B8585156" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="25D185BCFE0CF20DCE6693C02BACC5B0" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes rufina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufina">Polistes rufina</taxonomicName>
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Erichson, 1848: 590; Spinola, 1851: 79 (synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="EB63A481FEDB0AD5E8802D7DF4E28217" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Rhopalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalidia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">Rhopalidia pallens</taxonomicName>
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Lepeletier, 1836).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14FC590BB05E67D1C9ED6C2EC0D9A5DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="A6815F954914C20CC8276E3F4C417924" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">Polybia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1854: 195, plate XXV: fig. 3 (in division
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<emphasis id="E6F82CF2E4AEA1CEE483E2B06BE5DF7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">My</emphasis>
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); Ducke, 1905a: 662 (synonym:
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<taxonomicName id="960B30F6D2A5AE7DAF24200B49A711F6" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ampullaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampullaria">P. ampullaria</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="A19CA50716003952256A3C742FF8C451" originalValue="Möbius">Moebius</normalizedToken>
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, 1856); Richards, 1943: 45 (invalid designation of the type species of
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<taxonomicName id="40319E35D6908878CEBF40F798A2505A" authorityName="Ducke" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Stelopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelopolybia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stelopolybia</taxonomicName>
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); Richards, 1978: 232 (lectotype designation). Type locality: "Le Para", female (MNHN, Paris) [examined by images].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="754F4FFFF84B5FD33A3A3706B0043758" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="C0D87FE82559E4697D1CBC949BE779C0" authorityName="Moebius" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia ampullaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampullaria">Polybia ampullaria</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="1C1A1AEA6E7A778E92011BA53D49D4AB" originalValue="Möbius">Moebius</normalizedToken>
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, 1856: 133, 155 (key identification of nests), 165 (plate VII), VII (figs. 1-8 - female, nest).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A01675C77A4CF249783AF2F61DE8E12" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="08E513BA1A92E8EA1F3A13EB97FEBAFE" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes flavopectus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavopectus">Eumenes flavopectus</taxonomicName>
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Provancher, 1888: 422.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91C70B693749046FDDD8B430C5D23CDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="0B7927DEB7C1A62915790091D47F1643" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Stelopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelopolybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">Stelopolybia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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; Ducke, 1910: 519 (key), 524 (synonym:
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<taxonomicName id="3030A77CA39F00822B91618A509047E9" authorityName="Moebius" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia ampullaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampullaria">Polybia ampullaria</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="6B962502128D8CC93390B0A2FBD66BD3" originalValue="Möbius">Moebius</normalizedToken>
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, 1856), 525 (fig. 12 - nest); Ducke, 1913: 331 (synonym:
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<taxonomicName id="F68339C54719E7CBECD63568C8A149E5" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">R. pallens</taxonomicName>
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Lepeletier, 1836).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96949EB75F227293B35C7481B9498D7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="47A69442BF6194AD30C097F38609D34C" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Stelopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelopolybia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">Stelopolybia pallens</taxonomicName>
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; Bequaert, 1944: 293 (key), 294 (synonym:
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<taxonomicName id="9C8B4128168E19929E4103CDEC0B845F" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">Polybia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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Saussure, 1854,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="432D4B344282CAFB7BB8F88546E6A0D4" authorityName="Moebius" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia ampullaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampullaria">Polybia ampullaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="93302CE90AC9BF73BB62D4B90C7C85EA" originalValue="Möbius">Moebius</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1856,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E783E4C66D767093C0F76397DF806BEE" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes rufina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufina">Polistes rufina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Erichson, 1884,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F565B780BCC7C16CCFE9031723ACE401" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes flavopectus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavopectus">Eumenes flavopectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56A0EF9AF493C8726DC75015D93F4576" author="Provancher, L 1889" journalOrPublisher="Darveau, Quebec" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" refId="B54" refString="Provancher, L 1889, 1888. Faune Entomologique du Canada: Traitant des Hymenopteres. Additiones et corrections au volume II. Typographie de C. Darveau, Quebec" title="Faune Entomologique du Canada: Traitant des Hymenopteres. Additiones et corrections au volume II. Typographie de C." year="1888">Provancher 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0CF76B2C6EE7D22B282B560320064614" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B11FD0734655C891767EAFEE25A314E0" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Angiopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angiopolybia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">Angiopolybia pallens</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Araujo, 1946: 169; Richards, 1978: 231 (key), 232 (description of male, and diagnose of female and male);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE7D4FB230AB093DD6C9D52BA5169ABE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" author="Andena, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="57 - 64" refId="B1" refString="Andena, SR, Noll, FB, Carpenter, JM, 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). Zootaxa 1427: 57 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" volume="1427" year="2007">Andena et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59 (phylogenetic discussion), 60 (table 2 - characters matrix), 61 (figs. 1A, 2A), 62 (figs. 3B, 5 - cladogram), 63 (key), 64 (locality of examined material);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71F914DCBE8CF245708DFDAEE46C795E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.January.8.7" author="Carvalho, AF" journalOrPublisher="Genetics and Molecular Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="89 - 94" refId="B14" refString="Carvalho, AF, Santos, GMM, Menezes, RST, Costa, MA, 2014. Genetic diversity of Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) explained by the disjunction of South American rainforests. Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (1): 89 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.January.8.7" title="Genetic diversity of Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) explained by the disjunction of South American rainforests." url="https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.January.8.7" volume="13" year="2014">Carvalho et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5DB2F71B8F909886E592B8521ABD520" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa215" author="Carvalho, AF" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="955 - 969" refId="B12" refString="Carvalho, AF, Menezes, RST, Miranda, EA, Costa, MA, Del Lama, MA, 2021. Comparative phylogeography and palaeomodelling reveal idiosyncratic responses to climate changes in Neotropical paper wasps. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132 (4): 955 - 969, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa215" title="Comparative phylogeography and palaeomodelling reveal idiosyncratic responses to climate changes in Neotropical paper wasps." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa215" volume="132" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(evolutionary hypothesis of species distribution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DAC2756A1B19A173B9DF58492737CE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="536C5AD18A37CE10F28A98DB8E3F19F0" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Stelopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelopolybia (Angiopolybia) pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" subGenus="Angiopolybia">Stelopolybia (Angiopolybia) pallens</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Richards and Richards, 1951: 77 (list and notes about the nests).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7FDC07489B7086ECF7D13D23E6933847" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768C7B68150808CEBCE79B8FB72F814B" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Angiopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angiopolybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">Angiopolybia infernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Overal, 1978: 9 (list of species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DF48CF58E7BF2E480A03A19C8E76E19" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph id="7EE3E00CA4E3E0F7C6CEAA71F27BDF30" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B283CB6828F4D89D65D199662D18493C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Cayenne, French Guiana.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DA41538D3494EFBE947AF4ACCAD5232" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="864DD1F9CF3464C9C9AB851D54F4EF8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E6507C67556F9861BB27E22DB169296" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Anterior wing of 7-8.5 mm; eyes with medium-sized and sparse bristles; rounded gena; pronotal lamella low on the anterior margin, one fifth of the height of antennal socket; pronotal lobe developed in the anterior lateral region, below the pronotal fovea; defined and deep pronotal fovea; axillary fossa with anterior margin directed to the posterior region; posterior submedian translucent mark of the propodeum inserted in a round depression; basal metapleural area with parallel upper and lower margins.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9C6D6D304A87BD0DCFC73A8B34FE2A41" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="CA53EE4B76198FE82E5016041EF7A000" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Redescription of female (Fig. 1a, b, c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="556694DA87A95F19845DFB1A396ED5A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="85F56AA871F4CC53E3F132C761EC5214" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Head 1.27 mm long, 2 mm high, and 2.27 mm wide; (2) mesosoma 3.50 mm long, anterior wing 8.11 mm long, and posterior wing 5.27 mm long; (3) metasoma 5.53 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="2828EF7D15725FCD7210BD9D73AEBB7B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Lateral ocelli with 0.15 mm and median ocellus with 0.17 mm of diameter, not inserted in a declivity of the vertex, and the lateral ocelli separated from the eyes for twice its diameter. (2) Compound eyes with medium-sized and sparse bristles. (3) Frons with interantennal space about twice the height of antennal socket. Anterior tentorial fovea closer to the antennal socket than to the eye. The central region of the frons with long bristles. (4) Antennal socket 0.22 mm high. (5) Clypeus as high as wide, contact with eyes for a distance greater than twice the height of antennal socket, and lateral lobe touching the eye. Medium bristles in the basal half and long bristles in the apical half. (6) Gena with half of the width of the eye at the level of the ocular sinus.
|
||
<emphasis id="CB0EC65492AFB523FC343255ED69F52D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Anterior lamella of pronotum with a height of one fifth of the height of antennal socket. Pronotal fovea with a circular shape, deep and with slight anterior prominence. (2) Mesoscutum convex and as long as wide. (3) Tegula 1.7 times longer than wide. (4) Axillary fossa with anterior margin directing to the posterior region. (5) Propodeum with translucent posterior submedian mark, anterior to the propodeal valve, inserted in a round depression. Propodeal valve complete and expanded, median region with half of the height of antennal socket. (6) Anterior wing with prestigma 1.4 times longer than wide. (7) Posterior wing with eight hamuli.
|
||
<emphasis id="EE054FA5E19310F575E313C7531E3853" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Metasomal tergum I two times longer than broad. Tergum with angulation in the posterior third, in lateral view. (2) Metasomal tergum II 0.82 times longer than broad.
|
||
<emphasis id="BFE400FBD823113A8E790E8C640FC65B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
Brown in general. Yellow: lateral of the apex, lateral of the front, interantennal region, disc of the clypeus, mandibles, gena, antennal segments: scape, dorsal of FL6 (flagellomere 6) and 7, FL8-10, band contouring the posterior margin of the pronotum, tegula, thin bands in the posterior margins of the metasomal terga I, II and III, and metasomal sterna II and III. Yellowish brown: central longitudinal and lateral region of the mesoscutum, tibiae and tarsi, femora median and posterior, metasomal tergum I, anterior half of metasomal tergum II, metasomal sterna I-IV. Black: FL1-5, ventral of FL 6 and 7, metasomal terga 4-6 and metasomal sterna 5 and 6. Wings with hyaline cells, pterostigma and venation in general yellowish-brown, except brown in the veins C, Sc+R, M+Cu and M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B10C128C1A70D8504A90DCCBD9D6A7A7" doi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652691" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="56986C1EE065B678C66C94C26636E471" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="68A5540F8CD2341363345DEBE0FAB998" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype, female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E95FF86D4FDC96614E7AB2E5BE6E94" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B29A01A252D4A851740E8422880AA590" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Polybia infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Saussure, 1856 [currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67800CAD075D730F01630C73EB26A9D4" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Angiopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angiopolybia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D03E797A7B428516E7929E45D043DF96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Angiopolybia pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lepeletier, 1836)]:
|
||
<emphasis id="43653BBE3EA31AA43353543D62515B67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="71D9533C25F2A09A2C1D6C23279CC232" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="052E2055364A825C83C6D50953FAF656" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c.</emphasis>
|
||
head in frontal view. Male:
|
||
<emphasis id="8EAE79C3C5837573896B80270C2C2346" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">d.</emphasis>
|
||
head in frontal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8B8AB69A8EBC8E10355475E0356C562" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">e.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="3B7D87A514A5332ED73E6CB5F23A4652" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">f.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view. Scale: 1 mm. Source:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3F50A03351E67BC5B7D3CE7E93F5DCAB" originalValue="Agnièle">Agniele</normalizedToken>
|
||
Touret-Alby MNHN for images
|
||
<emphasis id="24C40114C0C574E4FB35DAEB4A2E4532" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="9BC8FF8E8A74023430EFE61443A3F651" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="E5A0DD959481CAB7BC98698CC959EE9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="51E4BD892033627B9F60C6B10A9C5F0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="026FB043F43643CDDD597640B0253C90" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Redescription of male (Fig. 1d, e, f).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46279082CFD9D70FD6B943EC86D1179" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BED94E1BEFC253E41650CBD81A23D3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Head 1.01 mm long, 1.83 mm high, and 2.09 mm wide; (2) mesosoma 2.87 mm long, anterior wing 7.1 mm long, and posterior wing 4.5 mm long; (3) metasoma 6.08 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="67630DCBC882B3540B7FD5FDB07F37FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Lateral ocelli with 0.17 mm and median ocellus with 0.18 mm of diameter. (2) Compound eyes with small-sized and sparse bristles. (3) Frons with interantennal space with 1.85 times the height of antennal socket. Anterior tentorial fovea closer to the eye that to the antennal socket. (4) Antennal socket with 0.21 mm high. (5) Clypeus as high as wide and apex less acute than in the female. Pubescence stronger than in the female. (6) Gena with half of the width of the eye at the level of the ocular sinus.
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A28C580E1FFE4D85CDF2A8F4B70783" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Mesoscutum 0.9 times longer than wide. (2) Propodeum with translucent posterior submedian mark, anterior to the propodeal valve, inserted in a not round depression. (3) Anterior wing with prestigma 1.6 times longer than wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="3EE80CA6A1E2AD2BE772CD2C04BE7346" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Metasomal tergum I 1.9 times longer than broad. (2) Metasomal tergum II 0.8 times longer than wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="BA8695D1C2D917F4A299DB784C11ADB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Genitalia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F14553677947C255D8660979054191B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genitalia of three Angiopolybia species. Angiopolybia pallens: a. paramere, b. aedeagus in left lateral view, c. aedeagus in ventral view, d. digitus, e. cuspis (image mirrored). Angiopolybia obidensis: f. paramere, g. aedeagus in left lateral view, h. aedeagus in ventral view, i. digitus, j. cuspis. Angiopolybia paraensis: k. paramere, l. aedeagus in left lateral view, m. aedeagus in ventral view, n. digitus, o. cuspis. Scale: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652696" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">6a</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="6E1D893C43A91E75D8428FF5C2E48685" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">e). Paramere</emphasis>
|
||
1.6 mm long and 0.6 mm wide; parameral spine with one fifth of the paramere, curved upwards and with small-sized and sparse bristles; lobe with a rounded apex and slightly curved downwards.
|
||
<emphasis id="4F5EB9719D65CF96C7A74C477DAFCDC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||
1.2 mm long; enlarged valve with a small emargination in the tip; apical portion 0.42 mm long and straight, ventral margin with denticles directed for the anterior region; denticulation decreasing in size from the apex to the base and more sclerotized than the rest of the apical portion; small-sized bristles with alveolar base, closer in the lower half and sparse in the upper half; median expansion without denticles and with acute apex; lateral apodeme not flattened dorsoventrally at the apex; basal apodeme arched to the venter.
|
||
<emphasis id="AB0BD42F76388DEC3DEB3A5DEB7CE53D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Digitus</emphasis>
|
||
2.5 times longer than wide; apical process not curved in the region of the upper half and with bristles of alveolar base small and sparse; rounded anteroventral lobe with a strip of black scale-like bristles crossing it obliquely at the base of the digitus; bristles absent in the basal articulation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B5C0EC1C3D868A656FD6E65F04E2B14A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Cuspis</emphasis>
|
||
approximately 0.48 mm long, with five black scale-like bristles on the lateral lobe, and small bristles with alveolar base and close throughout the area of the cuspis, except sparse in the central region and on the ventral margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8107A3242DAAAE7854948311CAB9A49" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="morphological variation (fig. 7a–g)">
|
||
<paragraph id="2ECE3B2A41BAC108AACC0A13AF599989" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Morphological variation (Fig. 7a-g).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C86F96E2E971001C93B92A14B04D4F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Anterior wing between 7-8.5 mm in length. Anterior margin of the pronotum (below the fovea) more curved. Pronotum, in lateral view, with frontal region more projected forward. Coloration varied between populations from black with yellow marks [like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED47F4B9D8D319837C20BE9FEAE83F86" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7CBD6F8118769051FD1F9D02DDB11E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dark morph (sensu Richards, 1978)] to yellowish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="741DF01017D1C7E7C56321CC5B75DB5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nest (fig. 2a–c)">
|
||
<paragraph id="57554C683D09731E097CD7B9822AFBD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Nest (Fig. 2a-c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F5243DA2D60A3B7C4AB6DFD3BCDD1C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
The nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC098A1A6CA9844C378FC4564F091ABC" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A482BFFA5A6EA4FFFECB091D5393E8A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A14D7EFDD37704729236D46328C16D1" author="Moebius, K" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="117 - 171" refId="B45" refString="Moebius, K, 1856. Die Nester der geselligen Wespen. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften 3: 117 - 171" title="Die Nester der geselligen Wespen." volume="3" year="1856">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42CC4B1707093C6819D18F65F3404680" originalValue="Möbius">Moebius</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1856)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F31C2E7EA7F5868D6191F918489A401F" authorityName="Moebius" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia ampullaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampullaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="003E0BDAF44FD247DDF69A56D0A85840" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Polybia ampullaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior synonym of the taxon), and later described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DAA904C6B00407314F602C5E19B856F0" author="Wenzel, JW" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 39" refId="B72" refString="Wenzel, JW, 1998. A generic key to the nests of Hornets, Yellowjackets, and paper wasps worldwide (Vespidae: Vespinae, Polistinae). American Museum Novitates 3224: 1 - 39" title="A generic key to the nests of Hornets, Yellowjackets, and paper wasps worldwide (Vespidae: Vespinae, Polistinae)." volume="3224" year="1998">Wenzel (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a nest with a flask-shaped envelope and with a long downward entrance with its hole horizontally; pedicel initially single and later being able to be multiple; flexible card with long fibers, usually yellow or amber; and adjacent combs, suspended or fused from each other and without contact with the envelope. Additionally, the following nest variation was found: built on an irregular substrate (thin branch with several leaves), connected to the substrate by a central pedicel (thick) and several support pedicels (fines); 11 combs overlapping and also connected by a central pedicel and multiple support, with the third and fourth combs with the largest circumferences and combs decreasing in circumference towards the ends, and without contact with the envelope; hexagonal cells of the combs with diameter of 2.5 mm; single envelope with long fibers arranged longitudinally, circumference gradually decreasing towards the entrance and without entrance of tubular shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="58598E91946E5637CB5E96A68A50169D" doi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652692" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="18544F96DC3E00082417A68A4D18C0F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="547A3833C6393140820B5A36B18A63FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Structure variation of the nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B321FD535CF237654C100C81ED5B1D" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Angiopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angiopolybia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="95653AA617FA8516FD4BD86A948D0524" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Angiopolybia pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4EA0303CFA53472E6C71E0A071031E20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a.</emphasis>
|
||
typical form in external view,
|
||
<emphasis id="6C23DD174FCA3F1ABA04635A9DF5B3CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="F064EDEE90BE9BE0B6FF705497404F77" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c.</emphasis>
|
||
variation found in external and internal view, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1A3E9E6E1166F9A2A056FF3816261D05" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="comparative comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="598BA4DC5F188F487A5103158E17FCA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Comparative comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E44C6AB0CAB186CFFE467C7AF9DD2AEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3037889E70515D7C5650F88449C2782E" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Angiopolybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angiopolybia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADCC60D137C9242676A292017B29DE1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Angiopolybia pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the presence of a lobe in the lateroanterior region of the pronotum, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="542E71A72ABA627BE9927977855284E9" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zischkai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zischkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A82FD76F66AAA862531309573D4D1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. zischkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and metapleural basalar area with parallel upper and lower margins, diverging in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BCF6A668AF20071A5FD71FF9575F02" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zischkai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zischkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CF6F545ED9C5C1B4A0EB55423218BBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. zischkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A92B2297C499F5739753B0B6637CD4C6" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD4787911FA666BCA85BB8C0AC96438B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="962820B84AF3883424A426270FF2D65E" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zischkai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zischkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC2B8982146B6C4692570B616F973792" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. zischkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it can resemble the typical form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F368C7E8DF09C30F3075778D8FC8F61A" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zischkai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zischkai">
|
||
<emphasis id="8194B34E2BFCD4DF74BAC2C3836C9452" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. zischkai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of color darker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="274954C50C0A830D1DE75E301CCCB0DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="additional comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB527F0E84AE564F54178DB7A44B79C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Additional comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6CCC49B5021CD2F52462374FA04524F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Despite the geographic disjunction by thousand kilometers in the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="934A906A596268A694F051EB24F1C0DE" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E97E1FF8C8B4663E8293A2F40D346C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between the Amazon and Atlantic Forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51A0EA664415DEE3ED1D0A1912C81764" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.January.8.7" author="Carvalho, AF" journalOrPublisher="Genetics and Molecular Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="89 - 94" refId="B14" refString="Carvalho, AF, Santos, GMM, Menezes, RST, Costa, MA, 2014. Genetic diversity of Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) explained by the disjunction of South American rainforests. Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (1): 89 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.January.8.7" title="Genetic diversity of Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) explained by the disjunction of South American rainforests." url="https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.January.8.7" volume="13" year="2014">Carvalho et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF3ACF99B6697CC73DA65B7965B4F7C2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa215" author="Carvalho, AF" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="955 - 969" refId="B12" refString="Carvalho, AF, Menezes, RST, Miranda, EA, Costa, MA, Del Lama, MA, 2021. Comparative phylogeography and palaeomodelling reveal idiosyncratic responses to climate changes in Neotropical paper wasps. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132 (4): 955 - 969, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa215" title="Comparative phylogeography and palaeomodelling reveal idiosyncratic responses to climate changes in Neotropical paper wasps." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa215" volume="132" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), considering the morphological analysis of specimens collected in both biomes, we verified that the differences, when found, are very subtle and follow the variation found between different populations. Considering the populations from the Atlantic Forest, the color varied from yellow with brown marks to completely brown, while among the populations from the Amazon Forest it varied from black with yellow marks to yellowish brown, with some forms existing in both biomes. The occipital carina present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77149A114424296BE27B7E13489848B2" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2435239B3F8AADFA2D6892178B6A486" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite weak or not, found in this study not reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F093F194057738185A301611D87EE27F" author="Richards, OW" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" refId="B60" refString="Richards, OW, 1978. The social wasps of the Americas: excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History) London, 580 pp." title="The social wasps of the Americas: excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History) London, 580 pp." year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="555A6E8F94CB7D6067B4BAC400DD3A31" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" author="Andena, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="57 - 64" refId="B1" refString="Andena, SR, Noll, FB, Carpenter, JM, 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). Zootaxa 1427: 57 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" volume="1427" year="2007">Andena et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They treated the occipital carina absent for the taxon. The prestigma longer than wide, also, was not cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9AB0FE8B6817B09298476B102DB2C539" author="Richards, OW" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" refId="B60" refString="Richards, OW, 1978. The social wasps of the Americas: excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History) London, 580 pp." title="The social wasps of the Americas: excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History) London, 580 pp." year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1731A80FF6D79202763C8CE137338FAF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" author="Andena, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="57 - 64" refId="B1" refString="Andena, SR, Noll, FB, Carpenter, JM, 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). Zootaxa 1427: 57 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1427.1.4" volume="1427" year="2007">Andena et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, this character was found by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A476DF58CEAD3CE8BF68272B5661CBE0" author="Silveira, OT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="69 - 72" refId="B65" refString="Silveira, OT, Carpenter, JM, 1995. A new species of Agelaia Lepeletier from Brazilian Amazonia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 103 (1): 69 - 72" title="A new species of Agelaia Lepeletier from Brazilian Amazonia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae)." volume="103" year="1995">Silveira and Carpenter (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for some specimens, and here we also found the two forms, prestigma about as long as wide and longer than wide. The redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AD45E3DE1ADF1A86B11A8DFC92773E9" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CB151E86CA7AD6FF8A7EBAB8C814D0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was made based on the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F18D9C1398977A7A4EF51E0281185092" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F9349EA9CD88F5FC83327208907AA3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Polybia infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Saussure, 1854 (junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D4F7B763784EBFDA449D9C89C481EE8" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A05717350B1A495B0900E742D6E5B69B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The information about the male specimen described is: BRA, Roraima,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6C42F5B38D6FF8D731117B8BDA3498E8" originalValue="Amajarí">Amajari</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Serra do
|
||
<normalizedToken id="474410D56D9BFF83710D0D8247EE34D4" originalValue="Tepequém">Tepequem</normalizedToken>
|
||
, SESC
|
||
<normalizedToken id="273FAAE5A113CA2D117536F277BD0093" originalValue="Tepequém">Tepequem</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 1-16.i.2016 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C825D2DD5BBD4D66690C9FBBA921137D" genus="Malaise" lsidName="Malaise" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Malaise</taxonomicName>
|
||
grande, J.A. Rafael, F.F. Xavier Filho col.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6EFDAF61896E93B12EC68FCB94BAFDD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="lectotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A577C4F0027EB62F9A0A91357E34501" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Lectotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8AD6050C20A0F5CB1A2E5C7F69E8503D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
♀, TYPE / MUSEUM PARIS,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ED3B97D756D0F730A3C6F5083260B307" originalValue="Amérique">Amerique</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Leprieur 1834 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E580EE7092547CFB11C3D1493D217DA3" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="62335A4E64A56FE1609C285F16F49981" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Polybia infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sauss., Type. / 289694 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F25C55A2455E857606FA7FC181CF30" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF2DC1F77669523AE0A327C1520BCDC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Polybia infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sauss., Lectotype ♀, Richards, 1971 (MNHN, Paris), record MNHN, Paris EY25588 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AE35785B8EC1F1962AC1ABE7424C9A47" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lectotype, female of Polybia infernalis de Saussure, 1856 [currently Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836)]: a. lateral view, b. dorsal view, c. head in frontal view. Male: d. head in frontal view, e. lateral view, f. dorsal view. Scale: 1 mm. Source: Agniele Touret-Alby MNHN for images a, b, and c." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652691" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F648703FA5C9F5178BD38C21ADDA259" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lectotype, female of Polybia infernalis de Saussure, 1856 [currently Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836)]: a. lateral view, b. dorsal view, c. head in frontal view. Male: d. head in frontal view, e. lateral view, f. dorsal view. Scale: 1 mm. Source: Agniele Touret-Alby MNHN for images a, b, and c." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652691" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F87BA563E59AC8C17A64CDC00CCEA6C5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lectotype, female of Polybia infernalis de Saussure, 1856 [currently Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836)]: a. lateral view, b. dorsal view, c. head in frontal view. Male: d. head in frontal view, e. lateral view, f. dorsal view. Scale: 1 mm. Source: Agniele Touret-Alby MNHN for images a, b, and c." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652691" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4AAB88FCCEA1A256B6441214CAA874A" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polybia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polybia infernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="39A74DEB2D5E5D8FDFDC1285B13EBEBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Polybia infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6CC51D60C1DAC6A4F299A28C4199B5B" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Rhopalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalidia pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A5E9A8894DDF7D17F4EA817A24AC23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Rhopalidia pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lepeletier, 1836, but here we used it to the redescription of the species. Type specimen analyzed by images.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37725525E864CF0A0D2F198CFEDFE5A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1FE6AD8270CADAEF33A6D225D067823C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="75A186BE989FCDB90C73360014221AAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
We examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="CE2F2B1279E974BB2150A075A245B20E" type="female">469 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="B8A3BDA11DD33634ECAC43C64613D36C" type="male">32 males</specimenCount>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D5D0658605C058D93E73B4C4D2ED7D0" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A961612F8E20102B7BA63BF9FF686DF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see supplementary material S1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="721740784F96DB6C0619151209707A9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="97D0BCB9C95527C1AC17D701362E142C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D35625F27CC4AA30C9C480D68B22D14A" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba; Brazil: Acre, Alagoas (
|
||
<emphasis id="4700C649F0C01A724B273653AE229003" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">new record</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34F271410BEE7699671EADEB5CB23C5A" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Amazonas, Bahia,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8D2D5FF094726557A9392D4E61BC85B" originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47E81B02F4078CD70D92706C6A654F3B" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5BCE712724571DF1551D0D89F3CBE95F" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mato Grosso,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38115E43E2B179CE5BE276824B5C236E" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pernambuco,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FFB349C281906241BA7E59992F115FDD" originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="58B3C771866FB6D7E47EE74A9627EB96" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Roraima, Santa Catarina,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="88CE3D69BA57A468FDCF7F70E5A3CB89" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo Sergipe; Colombia: Meta,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="71D07C290778590A1BC7D290980D7135" originalValue="Caquetá">Caqueta</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3739E24D7E86F9A36BF404C564C7747F" originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2202AF7FBBCB4A8CFA4FCE1064902968" originalValue="Vaupés">Vaupes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Putumayo, Amazonas; Ecuador: Esmereldas, Napo, Pichincha; French Guiana; Guyana; Panama; Peru: Loreto, San Martin,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4ACD3C86293578F2B7948A0F0A1B6876" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pasco,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ADCBE89947D5B6E5EFC9A75D06BF28DF" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cuzco; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela: Monagas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="650B9D2EDD1CB509A03CC18CFE3C3B4D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Map of South and Central America showing the geographic distribution of Angiopolybia species: a. Angiopolybia pallens, b. Angiopolybia zischkai, c. Angiopolybia obidensis, and d. Angiopolybia paraensis." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e71492.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/652700" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">10a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |