149 lines
12 KiB
XML
149 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6779158" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0cd46f6-682c-4b64-8efa-ab19bef80cf3" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6779158" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1655754179092" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="E75FB01DFA56FFA6BF7E8900F92D66F3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Tupaiidae_0242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Tupaia gracilis Thomas 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="267" masterDocId="1B66C865FA50FFA0BF07817AFFEF657D" masterDocTitle="Tupaiidae" masterLastPageNumber="269" masterPageNumber="242" pageNumber="267" updateTime="1656511027821" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Tupaiidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>242</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>269</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6779158</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c0cd46f6-682c-4b64-8efa-ab19bef80cf3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6779158</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E75FB01DFA56FFA6BF7E8900F92D66F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E75FB01DFA56FFA6BF7E8900F92D66F3" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<heading pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[121,177,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,940,2170,2261]" box="[121,177,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[121,177,2170,2216]" captionStart="Plate 12: Tupaiidae" captionStartId="2.[119,149,3338,3359]" captionTargetBox="[12,2732,14,3637]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Northern Smooth-tailed Treeshrew (Dendrogale murina), 2. Bornean Smooth-tailed Treeshrew (Dendrogale melanura), 3. Madras Treeshrew (Anathana ellioti), 4. Northern Treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri), 5. Lesser Treeshrew (Tupaia minor), 6. Common Treeshrew (Tupaia glis), 7. Nicobar Treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica), 8. Sumatran Treeshrew (Tupaia ferruginea), 9. Golden-bellied Treeshrew (Tupaia chrysogaster), 10. Banka Island Treeshrew (Tupaia discolor), 11. Horsfield’s Treeshrew (Tupaia javanica), 12. Javan Treeshrew (Tupaia hypochrysa), 13. Large Treeshrew (Tupaia tana), 14. Long-footed Treeshrew (Tupaia longipes), 15. Slender Treeshrew (Tupaia gracilis), 16. Mountain Treeshrew (Tupaia montana), 17. Striped Treeshrew (Tupaia dorsalis), 18. Painted Treeshrew (Tupaia picta), 19. Kalimantan Treeshrew (Tupaia salatana), 20. Splendid Treeshrew (Tupaia splendidula), 21. Mindanao Treeshrew (Tupaia everetti), 22. Palawan Treeshrew (Tupaia palawanensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6779239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6779239/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">15.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[193,583,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,940,2170,2261]" box="[193,583,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[193,583,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Slender Treeshrew</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[657,919,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,940,2170,2261]" box="[657,919,2170,2216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" box="[657,919,2170,2216]" class="Mammalia" family="Tupaiidae" genus="Tupaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scandentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,919,2170,2216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Tupaia gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[119,939,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,940,2170,2261]" box="[119,939,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[119,194,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[199,338,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Toupaye gréle</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[358,449,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[458,673,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Schlankspitzhérnchen</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[695,786,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[792,939,2234,2255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Tupaya esbelta</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[731,1323,2298,2725]" box="[731,1320,2298,2331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[731,887,2298,2331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" box="[907,1315,2298,2331]" class="Mammalia" family="Tupaiidae" genus="Tupaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scandentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">Tupaia gracilis Thomas, 1893</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[731,1323,2298,2725]" box="[733,1320,2345,2370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[733,1320,2345,2370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">“Apoh River, base of Mount Batu Song,</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[731,1323,2298,2725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Baram district, East Sarawak,” Malaysia. This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6779214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6779214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6779214/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" targetBox="[119,708,2311,2723]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[731,1323,2298,2725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[732,908,2456,2489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Borneo, except C highlands and the SE, also on nearby Banggi and Karimata Is; possibly on Belitung and Bangka Is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[731,1323,2298,2725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[733,980,2613,2646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body length 135— 150 mm, tail 155-180 mm, ear 11-14 mm, hindfoot 38-41 mm; weight c.70 g. The
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1327,2732,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
Slender Treeshrew is small, with long bushy tail. Dorsum is typically gray to brown agouti; venter is pale white to ivory. Skull is small and delicate. The Slender Treeshrew is easily confused with the Lesser Treeshrew (7.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ginther" authorityYear="1876" box="[797,871,2811,2844]" class="Mammalia" family="Tupaiidae" genus="Tupaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scandentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because they are similar in size and shape and distributed in low-elevation forests in Borneo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1327,2732,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,232,2890,2923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
L.ow-elevation pristine and logged forests up to elevations of ¢.1200 m. The slender Treeshrew is typically found on the ground; when in trees; it remains below 3 m from the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1327,2732,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,389,3008,3041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Slender Treeshrew is a solitary forager and eats caterpillars, ants, grasshoppers, and other small insects from under surfaces ofleaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1327,2732,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,257,3086,3119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Although the Slender Treeshrew is solitary, polygynous systems were observed consisting of one male and two females. Females appear to have two offspring per litter. Juveniles were trapped in September, March, and May in Danum Valley, Sabah, and pregnant or lactating females were recorded in September, March, June, and August, implying year-round reproduction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1327,2732,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,357,3283,3316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Slender Treeshrew is diurnal and terrestrial. It is known to nest on or near the ground (maximum of 1-5 m off the forest floor) and use stumps, vines, and holesin trees in which to construct nests. Nest materials include fibers and leaves. Nests are not particularly well camouflaged, and of all species studied by L. H. Emmons in 2000, Slender Treeshrews had the most conspicuous nests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[1383,2595,283,916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1384,2116,283,316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Slender Treeshrew forages on the ground and travels at an intermediate rate compared with other treeshrew species (c.1654 m/day traveled at a rate of 151 m/hour), despite its small size. It had the lowest density of the six-species measured by Emmons, averaging 13 ind/km?2. Home ranges of four Slender Treeshrews were c.7-15 ha (average 10-5 ha)—the largest home ranges compared with the other larger treeshrews that Emmons studied. The Slender Treeshrew appears to be territorial, and home ranges of males and females are not thought to overlap, with clear evidence of territorial displacement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[1383,2595,283,916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1386,1732,638,671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Slender Treeshrew is far less abundant than other treeshrew species on Borneo; the Lesser Treeshrew is nearly identical in size but found in much higher densities. Due to logging of lowland forests in Borneo, population trend of the Slender Treeshrew is decreasing, and it will probably require a change to a threatened category in the next 5-10 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1387,1730,885,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[1383,2595,283,916]" box="[1387,1730,885,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1540,885,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Emmons (2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |