171 lines
13 KiB
XML
171 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="284e15e6-931f-4863-b037-68a83c8b53a8" ID-PMC="PMC4857038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-585-51" ID-PubMed="27199604" ID-ZBK="B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-585-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 585" ModsDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" checkinTime="1461901611862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roques, Alain, Copeland, Robert S., Soldati, Laurent, Denux, Olivier & Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne" docDate="2016" docId="C63DD791B810FFD5871AD3E8131AC76A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 585: 51-124" docOrigin="ZooKeys 585" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" docTitle="Megastigmus smithi Roques & Copeland, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3A22FAA9-278F-4741-8288-123D074A276B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FF812555FFDD75799D3DFF99922B9D29" masterDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1668163066542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Roques, Alain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soldati, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Denux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>585</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>124</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-585-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898980" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A22FAA9-278F-4741-8288-123D074A276B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C63DD791B810FFD5871AD3E8131AC76A" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="19" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3A22FAA9-278F-4741-8288-123D074A276B" authority="Roques & Copeland" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus smithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">Megastigmus smithi Roques & Copeland</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="19" pageNumber="70">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">
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Holotype ♀, Kenya, Coast Province, Sagalla Mountain,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.47864">3.47864°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.57463">38.57463°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1090m, 22 Sep 2014, ex.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lannea</taxonomicName>
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cf. schimperi fruits, CHIESA coll. N°343, R. Copeland leg. (NMKE).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Paratypes 2♀♀, same collection data as holotype (1♀ ICIPE; 1♀ARC).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="19" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="70">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="19" pageNumber="70">
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Holotype ♀. Medium-sized species, body length (without ovipositor) 4.6 mm; length of ovipositor sheaths 0.8 mm. Body colour orange-yellow and brown
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="71" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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Figures 30, 31, 32). Head with face yellow except a blackish infuscation extending from base of eye along malar line, a large brown spot covering most of head dorsum and extending to the top of the scrobe on the face and to the temple on the back; parascrobal area and gena yellow. Pilosity on lower face pale; upper face and dorsum of head with conspicuous black hairs (Figure 33). Antenna brownish except scape entirely yellow and pedicel yellow underneath. Pronotum yellow with a brown, irregular median band extending from anterior to posterior suture (Figure 32); mid-lobe of mesoscutum yellow with a large triangular brownish band in the middle, narrowing from anterior to posterior suture; lateral lobe of mesoscutum with a large orange rectangular spot at apex; axilla with a large longitudinal orange band on its lateral half (Figure 32). Scutellum with a large brownish band, covering about half of the surface until frenum; frenal area quite completely brownish, with a narrow yellow band on borders; pleura and ventrum yellow except a large dark orange spot along mesopleural line. Pilosity on thorax entirely black; 3 pairs of black hairs on scutellum. Legs entirely pale yellow except claws brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">
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Forewing stigma brown without infuscation; basal cell indistinct, lacking setae, no setae on basal setal line and costal setal line (Figure 35). Propodeum with a large, oval longitudinal black band in its middle (Figure 30, 32); callus and metapleuron yellow with the suture dark orange. Propodeum hairs entirely pale; Gaster brown, T3 orange with a black spot at insertion, following tergites with a dark brown band covering the middle part (Figure 30), lateral parts orange with a whitish rectangular spot on the side. Pilosity on gaster black. Ovipositor sheaths black, very short, only 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as gaster, 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as body (Figure 31).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">
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Head transverse (Figure 33), width: height ratio: 1.5; POL: OOL: 1.4. Scape 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus and F1 (Figure 34); scape 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; F2 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; following funicular segments longer than wide, F7 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. Pronotum, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum with transverse carinae; axilla striated. Mid-lobe of mesoscutum 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum. Scutellum 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with irregular transverse striae; frenum 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length; completely covered with irregular, concentric wrinkles. Forewing stigma oval elongate, 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 35); upper part of stigmal vein relatively elongate, 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus short, 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with coarse longitudinal carinae, and conspicuous spiracles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">Variation: Body length from 4.5-4.9 mm, ovipositor sheaths from 0.8-0.9 mm. No variation was observed in colour or pilosity.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">No males reared.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="71" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lannea</taxonomicName>
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cf. schimperi (
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<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="20" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Like other species also reared from
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<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="20" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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fruits, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus pistaciae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistaciae">Megastigmus pistaciae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus transvaalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Megastigmus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
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, it is probably a seed chalcid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="71">Known only from Sagalla Mountain, Taita Hills, Kenya. Specimens emerged from only 0.4% of sampled fruits (Table 3).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="72" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="72">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="72" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="72">Named in honour of Robert J. Smith, noted musicologist and exceptional left fielder.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis and comments">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis and comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="72">
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Its comparatively very short ovipositor, nearly 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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smaller than gaster length, allows to separate easily this species from the other ones developing in Anacardiacae fruits and showing resembling body colour patterns but a comparatively much longer ovipositor, quite as long as gaster length (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
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) or longer (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |