208 lines
22 KiB
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208 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title>Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera) of Thailand, other southeastern Asian records, and a new Trigonalys from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Tripotin, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2015-06-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.44.4495</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.44.4495</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152018077" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C38D4DA2D560DF133F22F92733079C0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C38D4DA2D560DF133F22F92733079C0A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F55CE239-1529-55B8-B582-FE8101E26820" authority="(Magretti)" baseAuthorityName="Magretti" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster rufiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiventris">Lycogaster rufiventris (Magretti)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Lycogaster rufiventris. 4 Lateral, female 5 Head, front, female 6 Apex of second sternite of female, ventral 7 Apex of second sternite of male showing paired protuberances." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45014" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Figs</pageBreakToken>
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4-7
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Tripotin" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigonalys rufiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiventris">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Trigonalys</pageBreakToken>
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rufiventris
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Magretti, P" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="308 - 326" refId="B6" refString="Magretti, P, 1897. Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni Vicine LXXIV. Imenotteri. Parte seconda. Trigonalidi. Betilidi. Crisdidi colla descrizione di parecchie nouve specie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 17 (37): 308 - 326" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni Vicine LXXIV. Imenotteri. Parte seconda. Trigonalidi. Betilidi. Crisdidi colla descrizione di parecchie nouve specie." volume="17" year="1897">Magretti 1897</bibRefCitation>
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: 311, figs 2, 3;
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<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B5" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, LS, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 70.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster rufiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiventris">Lycogaster rufiventris</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Schulz, WA" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="23 - 37" refId="B7" refString="Schulz, WA, 1908. Die Trigonaloiden des Genueser Naurhistorischen Museeums. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 4: 23 - 37" title="Die Trigonaloiden des Genueser Naurhistorischen Museeums." volume="4" year="1908">Schulz 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 28, fig. 2;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bischoff, H" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B2" refString="Bischoff, H, 1938. Trigonaloidae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus 5: 1 - 18" title="Trigonaloidae." volume="5" year="1938">Bischoff 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 10;
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<bibRefCitation author="Weinstein, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="398 - 433" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222939100770281" refId="B10" refString="Weinstein, P, Austin, AD, 1991. The host-relationships of Trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species. Journal of Natural History 25: 398 - 433, DOI: 10.1080/00222939100770281" title="The host-relationships of Trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species." url="10.1080/00222939100770281" volume="25" year="1991">Weinstein and Austin 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 428; Chen et al. 2014: 45.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Female: Length, 8.0-10.0 mm. Antenna black. Head black with clypeus except for black narrow anterior margin and mandible except black apex white. Mesosoma black with anterior margin of pronotum, spot on posterior lateral corners (near tegula) of pronotum, tegula, small oval spot on posterior-central prescutum, oval spot on anterocentral area of mesoscutellum, and metascutellum white. Legs black with most of trochanters except ventrally, extreme tip at base and apex of femora, outer surface of fore tibia, foretarsus, and extreme bases of mid- and hind tibiae white. Metasoma orange with tergite 5 or 6 to apex, and sterna 3 to apex black; apical broad margin of sternite 2 white. Wings lightly infuscated, a little darker toward apex; veins and stigma black. Head: Antenna with 24-25 antennomeres; flagellum somewhat incrassate at center. Shiny; vertex almost without punctures; frons more densely punctate; covered with fine white hairs. Mesosoma: Shiny, uniformly densely punctate; covered with fine white hairs. Metasoma: Shiny, uniformly densely punctate; covered with fine white hairs. Medio-apical process with small indentation at center on sternite 2 (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Lycogaster rufiventris. 4 Lateral, female 5 Head, front, female 6 Apex of second sternite of female, ventral 7 Apex of second sternite of male showing paired protuberances." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45014" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Lycogaster rufiventris. 4 Lateral, female 5 Head, front, female 6 Apex of second sternite of female, ventral 7 Apex of second sternite of male showing paired protuberances." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45014" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="961243" doi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45014" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figures 4–7" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 4-7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster rufiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiventris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lycogaster rufiventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</emphasis>
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Lateral, female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</emphasis>
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Head, front, female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</emphasis>
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Apex of second sternite of female, ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7</emphasis>
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Apex of second sternite of male showing paired protuberances.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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: Length 8.0-9.0 mm. Color similar to female. Antenna without tyloids. Paired protuberances at center near apex of 2nd sternite (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Lycogaster rufiventris. 4 Lateral, female 5 Head, front, female 6 Apex of second sternite of female, ventral 7 Apex of second sternite of male showing paired protuberances." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45014" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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THAILAND: Prachuab Khiri, Khan, Khao Sam Roi Yot NP, Sailine wetland/Pa Gwad/N,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="9.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="12.153334">12°9.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="58.298" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.971634">99°58.298'E</geoCoordinate>
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, Malaise trap, 1-8.ii.2009, Yai; Amnad leg., T4191 (1 ♂, QSBG)); Prachaub Khiri, Khan, Khao Sam Yot NP, Saline wetland/Pa Gwad/N,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.153" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="12.153">12.153°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99.972" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="99.972">99.972°E</geoCoordinate>
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, MT, 18-26.i.2009, Yai; Amnad, H2648 (1
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">♀</pageBreakToken>
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, QSBG); Lampang, Chae Son NP, behind youth camp,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18.831" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="18.831">18.831°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99.458" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="99.458">99.458°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 445 m, MT, 14-21.ii.2008, B. Kwannui & A. Sukpeng, H2572 (1 ♂, USNM); Loei, Phu Kradueng NP, Mixed deciduous/S Na Noy office,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16.817" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="16.817">16.817°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101.794" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="101.794">101.794°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 276 m, MT, 7-14.v.2008, Thonghuay Phatai, H2611 (1 ♀, USNM); Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan NP, stream entrance of Nam Pung substation,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="54.63" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.9105">16°54.63'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="54.266" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.904434">103°54.266'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 281 m, Malaise trap, 6-12.v.2007, Sailom Tongboonchai leg., T2611 (1 ♀, QSBG); Nakhon Si Thammarat, Namtok Yong NP, Behind campground lavatory,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="10.434" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.1739">8°10.434'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="44.508" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.7418">99°44.508'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 80 m, Malaise trap, 23-29.vii.2008, U.prai.K. leg, T3082 (1 ♀, PT).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Myanmar; Thailand.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The contrasting red metasoma is not known in any other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lycogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Magretti, P" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="308 - 326" refId="B6" refString="Magretti, P, 1897. Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni Vicine LXXIV. Imenotteri. Parte seconda. Trigonalidi. Betilidi. Crisdidi colla descrizione di parecchie nouve specie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 17 (37): 308 - 326" title="Viaggio de Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni Vicine LXXIV. Imenotteri. Parte seconda. Trigonalidi. Betilidi. Crisdidi colla descrizione di parecchie nouve specie." volume="17" year="1897">Magretti (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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described this species from Myanmar. The species was assigned to
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<taxonomicName genus="Lycogster" lsidName="Lycogster" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lycogster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Schultz (1908),
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<bibRefCitation author="Bischoff, H" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B2" refString="Bischoff, H, 1938. Trigonaloidae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus 5: 1 - 18" title="Trigonaloidae." volume="5" year="1938">Bischoff (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Weinstein, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="398 - 433" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222939100770281" refId="B10" refString="Weinstein, P, Austin, AD, 1991. The host-relationships of Trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species. Journal of Natural History 25: 398 - 433, DOI: 10.1080/00222939100770281" title="The host-relationships of Trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species." url="10.1080/00222939100770281" volume="25" year="1991">Weinstein and Austin (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B5" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, LS, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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could not locate the holotype and placed it in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigonalys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trigonalys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on similarly colored specimens from central and southern India. We have examined those specimens from India, borrowed from the MCZ and OSAC, and confirm that they are a species
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigonalys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trigonalys</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. However, as explained by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schulz, WA" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="23 - 37" refId="B7" refString="Schulz, WA, 1908. Die Trigonaloiden des Genueser Naurhistorischen Museeums. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 4: 23 - 37" title="Die Trigonaloiden des Genueser Naurhistorischen Museeums." volume="4" year="1908">Schultz (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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, who redescribed the species from the holotype and corrected the sex to a female, and Chen et al. (2014),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magretti’s">Magretti's</normalizedToken>
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species is clearly a
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lycogaster</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our specimens from Thailand agree with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magretti’s">Magretti's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster rufiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiventris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lycogaster rufiventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and confirm placement in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lycogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The discovery of the male further confirms placement in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Lycogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lycogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The absence of tyloids on the antenna and presence of a pair of protuberances centrally near the apex of sternite 2 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Lycogaster rufiventris. 4 Lateral, female 5 Head, front, female 6 Apex of second sternite of female, ventral 7 Apex of second sternite of male showing paired protuberances." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45014" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) is typical for the genus. This is the first collection of both sexes of this species since the original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |