treatments-xml/data/33/65/EF/3365EF860591CD36C3768C73274CB149.xml

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<mods:title id="845B29811B5ADD192FFE57F858F8B26E">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3195F4BC2EB47D6ABF9E06D9F5241FF1">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D1C80BAE396FB0BE5FF1B18923C564C">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="72CDEE5FC63038049C58E0E823CA26A3">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3365EF860591CD36C3768C73274CB149" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3365EF860591CD36C3768C73274CB149" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3365EF860591CD36C3768C73274CB149" lastPageNumber="1277" pageNumber="1277" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001222">
<subSubSection id="7F2EAE00F8A1896D6DD707C093C9FAAF" pageNumber="1277" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0C3126A04B8FB65F4ED1B1E19ED8D045" pageNumber="1277">
<taxonomicName id="A5774166B790AC4616168BEBBBD40D6D" ID-CoL="FRJK" authority="(Pallas 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="860E2612321A66AAF0B79EC0E17C219E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus uralensis</emphasis>
(Pallas 1811)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA5A09FDFED4E929EF2A1C725ED66F3A" pageNumber="1277" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="92AA09A79A3E791887B43C380EEF42A3" pageNumber="1277">
<treatmentCitation id="2EE005C5F0DC8D9D49E1840E7F8E160D" author="Pallas" authority="Pallas 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="168" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis" title="Mus uralensis" volumeTitle="Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, Vol. 1" year="1811">
<taxonomicName id="46773D4F28A055FF6DA527DD77638C28" authority="Pallas 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="03FED62C940ED39E08073974F7B53257" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">[Mus] uralensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="93DC161CB8029D4B5A1A3AE5142931A6" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271664" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1811 [1831]. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicillia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. [ICZN Opinion 212 -- dates of volumes: 1 &amp; 2: 1811; 3: 1814]. Petropoli, in officina Caes. acadamiae scientiarum. 3 vol. [official date of publ for vol 1 - 1811 impress], 1: 1 - 568." year="1811">Pallas 1811</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibCitation id="46172F868EB6538399BEF1B3ABB38ECD" author="Pallas" pageNumber="1277" pagination="168" title="Mus uralensis" volumeTitle="Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, Vol. 1" year="1811">Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, Vol. 1: 168</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FD119471068812F75249189AC98AC81" pageNumber="1277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9BEC70D05FC070B6CDB59CEBC5B4D205" pageNumber="1277">
<emphasis id="EA66AB93A15A4DB528C8A5D498620B2F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1277">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="5A4260D091FC3CDC8EBE9E3D76D4560C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324568" country="Russia" pageNumber="1277">
<collectingCountry id="2AFF4EA52F9DA099132FAF37D8863715" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
, S Ural Mtns.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6B96E973CA37D990502A59DE990117B" pageNumber="1277" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="579912748D9E3356FBB9870E70DCD29F" pageNumber="1277">
<emphasis id="DCFC3170E60EF3090664F44539988F73" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1277">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="3E9216561D6E4F192AE109092B59BE24" language="eng" pageNumber="1277">Herb Field Mouse</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F20205AB11520BF4E7BC9D0EBAAA1FD" pageNumber="1277" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="14FC379C3BB83B6ACCF81FA730D48014" pageNumber="1277">
<emphasis id="A09F6026B16A8BE511E04AA30497DEFD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1277">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AFD834401244CA6017F512F3177A9FB" authority="(Dahl 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Dahl" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baessleri">
<emphasis id="BA8DBAAB5B61CA0C52B64B770CDF2ADE" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus baessleri</emphasis>
(Dahl 1919)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="636A2D480AC8A4116D84685E65AB7B86" authority="(Kashkarov 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Kashkarov" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balchanensis">
<emphasis id="B4EF8124153F283790C1367FCDDF3466" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus balchanensis</emphasis>
(Kashkarov 1981)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="D8C2D1A1A3F09ABDF48C3D28873A9A39" authority="Vohralík 2002" authorityName="Vohralík" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cimrmani">
<emphasis id="1E510989FA6B67F3D7F3C6C1FB29D3E0" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus cimrmani</emphasis>
Vohralík 2002
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="CBF0C755941FB1FCB0DD9891643BF8F1" authority="(Ognev 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciscaucasicus">
<emphasis id="BAA46BD3118A3F90D6808EA818F8CAA0" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus ciscaucasicus</emphasis>
(Ognev 1924)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2264C76DA6063A2ECA1D1FB64E170FDC" authority="Kuznetzov 1932" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kastschenkoi">
<emphasis id="C25D644076758A62E37D7EC230CD9FCD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus kastschenkoi</emphasis>
Kuznetzov 1932
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="015276D7D5F3D9E3C528AFF3DDFE1C50" authority="(Severtsov 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Severtsov" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="6ADD7F7D391B561C1EF8E1B825329792" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus major</emphasis>
(Severtsov 1873)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="11293825556DBC325E7D1C2682586A5D" authority="Kratochvíl and Rosicky 1952" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="9115F5D2F2453A3F149D827AB5970190" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus microps</emphasis>
Kratochvíl and Rosicky 1952
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="23149F7E1F279FB40433A225E077BF40" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
<emphasis id="9F74DA364F37A69B89DBF19B83655BB2" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus microtis</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="6A93067658B4F4E4F0B186967C0D0511" authority="(Ognev 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosquensis">
<emphasis id="081B8262154515E3608C1EE4A91F064E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus mosquensis</emphasis>
(Ognev 1913)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="ED8808C1498F97DB1B8C04D504234937" authority="Wang 1964" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nankiangensis">
<emphasis id="EC4E4CCA5E37515BB724BC1AB4B8869C" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus nankiangensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5754B7A9F5173F6CC6575E42B141C625" author="Wang Sung" refId="ref382170" refString="Wang Sung. 1964. [New species and subspecies of mammals from Sinkiang, China.] Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1: 6 - 18 (in Chinese)." year="1964">Wang 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="053925CF4163769EB24B27931B9CF896" authority="Kashkarov 1926" authorityName="Kashkarov" authorityYear="1926" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="CA2C299D0EA63292AF621DF916069483" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus pallidus</emphasis>
Kashkarov 1926
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="CB2C5ED761B6A2878EF92E4F717C0576" authority="Mosanský 1994" authorityName="Mosanský" authorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="49AF8BA4C72B903584879064525D70B1" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus parvulus</emphasis>
Mosanský 1994
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="14E26BECE150E06B2EBEDAE4837C4C90" authority="(Severtzov 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tokmak">
<emphasis id="81E9A626D18242F6DA0D52C28E424018" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus tokmak</emphasis>
(Severtzov 1873)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7303EA5EFE43FE6E53A2C348EF58E258" pageNumber="1277" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F8A1CB7CA7F6F836BE6B19A3E5769AC" pageNumber="1277">
<emphasis id="F59067C5976856AC4DBD9DE5FBB4E5B2" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1277">Distribution:</emphasis>
C Europe (E 
<collectingCountry id="A04AD428A49E7241C21354A71FE6E8C6" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
S 
<collectingCountry id="47A57021FD87F00A094E97C9B4480835" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A76C5E0652A795221121954B7C5AC39D" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="713A33E049D2075DE2579D7EFC1FEE69" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
, NE 
<collectingCountry id="15A4CAB8EE50B6BC5D74674D0FD9554C" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
, N 
<collectingCountry id="C7231FA45326762CD9DE99938F9C869F" name="Hungary">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, south to E 
<collectingCountry id="6ADAD8CE37DE7FF7C6F762E733C4EF30" name="Croatia">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, N 
<collectingCountry id="3E775D340A306D9A35610F2018DD54CA" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="0A51D8F8C937280702D66924CFB1C90F" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
and N 
<collectingCountry id="8F811B7680FCBA7B7F433EB9FC872899" name="Romania">Romania</collectingCountry>
); Baltic region (
<collectionCode id="6D762D6D88ABD3064C3C8B2564E5A0F7">NW</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="81A7F7824F983F7BC6238B8026D81B52" name="Lithuania">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C481B1822735D48FB346A74480E95480" name="Latvia">Latvia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="D59D1240CAA09EE14E70533C1D2A8215" name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
); east through W 
<collectingCountry id="42B8E8AAD4486FCEC58FA9053D3CF40E" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="CDA21FE9F1C886009172BD5B25008612" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
to E 
<collectingCountry id="66B3126EE06A3CC92D2C3FDB220EBE9E" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(Djarkent, 
<collectionCode id="02D72740A2E100862830A326052A0C6D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
specimens including 155471, the 
<typeStatus id="9AFBAC36CF4E670AFF9BBAD78CFF11C0">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="8F43E331FE83D5989D5D5BB42419AA66" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
<emphasis id="95AA89FD09FD8299893EF25B10553382" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microtis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Siberian 
<collectingRegion id="6811C36614E2784F44701C639EE16882" country="Russia" name="Altay">Altai</collectingRegion>
in S 
<collectingCountry id="77226DEF213938A0DCAC805F467B6854" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="D20B19F6566EA9FCC117A41A0606896B" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
), NW 
<collectingCountry id="0CDBCF6ECD86C5235B1C09B2ABCE235A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="651623780D59617A1959D06BF0257E94" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A2F5B9F1A8EAA4FA9809CDB5FD70770B" author="Ma Yong &amp; Wang Feng-gui &amp; Jin Shan-ke &amp; Li Si-hua" refId="ref219723" refString="Ma Yong, Wang Feng-gui, Jin Shan-ke, and Li Si-hua. 1987. [Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) of Northern Xinjiang and their zoogeographical distribution.] Science Press, Academia Sinica, Beijing, 274 pp. (in Chinese)." year="1987">Ma et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="6F8DF02901E413938486E488FC52B6ED" baseAuthorityName="Kastchenko" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tscherga">
<emphasis id="84B2674C42AB774C262693DC8F8B76A0" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">tscherga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectionCode id="B3A1ADC72F8DABAE37627E522A002352" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
259545 from Aksu), and the Altai of Mongolia; south in the Caucusus and throughout N 
<collectingCountry id="9F4CAC494107911946DD0E2B1079AB92" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(see Filippucci et al., 1996; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001; 
<bibRefCitation id="697568F91922B07341668FECC158C2D5" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
Mezhzherin, 1997 
<emphasis id="81D4826C09998C1E02BF06595D3C1C3D" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
:36
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9CFCAAE4586DF8817DFBD5F08D8ADC28" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. &amp; G. Amori &amp; W. Bogdanowicz &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; P. J. H. Reijnders &amp; F. Spitzenberger &amp; M. Stubbe &amp; J. B. M. Thissen &amp; V. Vohralik &amp; J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0DD0C1F9DF173DB44E0A1B2AD09E1C78" author="Frynta, D. &amp; P. Mikulova &amp; E. Suchomelova &amp; J. Sadlova" refId="ref110234" refString="Frynta, D., P. Mikulova, E. Suchomelova, and J. Sadlova. 2001. Discriminant analysis of morphometric characters in four species of Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia) from eastern Turkey and Iran. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 243 - 258." year="2001">Frynta et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9BD07FB66FB0312B42EF5E340BFC4F90" author="Steiner, M." refId="ref339791" refString="Steiner, M. 1978. Apodemus microps Kratochvil und Rosicky, 1952 -- Zwergwaldmaus. Pp. 359 - 367, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 1: 1 - 476." year="1978">Steiner, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, under 
<taxonomicName id="771F5A6A380E292DACD4E96C2676F1A3" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="E24D49E99E4867BE73B0A5956F0E8561" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BA5AE62ACE91064C4354D838FA4C7BCB" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; S. Jin &amp; G. Quan &amp; S. Li &amp; Z. Ye &amp; F. Wang &amp; M. Zhang" refId="ref405616" refString="Zhang, Y., S. Jin, G. Quan, S. Li, Z. Ye, F. Wang, and M. Zhang. 1997. Distribution of mammalian species in China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 280 pp." year="1997">Zhang et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="1E6D70BE62591D3B6DB176A84C5C799E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="2C56F7EE4B68E65E755E3A02B597ADD5" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); E and S boundary of range in C Asia unresolved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B1DBF515A08038863DEA0C998BF46F4" pageNumber="1277" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="2DD72389817D56521AA3554158F4C6A7" pageNumber="1277">
<emphasis id="1446A46D7BA40BF89151696894D5DC3D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1277">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="2E1CE85A0FBBB2B1374EB7DDD596864B">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="032F59F3F76311FE877FE21DA97295E6" pageNumber="1277" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5BB5B74DBD884E6F953C7B2DA14442F8" pageNumber="1277">
<emphasis id="5883701B7E6E59E002A28E81EC7DC855" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1277">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="C43C658B68FF2C3A1CDB38E52B62AD83" pageNumber="1277">
<taxonomicName id="974BD9FE74ABF18474D31A7CE653E65A" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94A694A65DFD927D5B50DE47E9A9A25F" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Previously listed as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="61C4C14B5ECC9A42EF0174C307B9A456" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="F6763A1F4CBB11038BF0DE6A483A9E78" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E668EFF60D709722521FC7E118DBAC19" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet, 1978 
<emphasis id="3DBFC36108930AF269C3A26338B00477" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="16F81AAE6E5498048F4BBC3A2B700A2F" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="60165A6C2B9C748F9E204AEC005A4872" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. &amp; O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277815" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)." year="1987">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
), but now recognized as the oldest name for a distinctive small-bodied species formerly called 
<taxonomicName id="C71701DB7D7672CF90EF898614DEF367" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="DF69AFB1B0CDA4D575402A571C7C6521" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F90A50D5C4EFF522D87844C1F0ADF485" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9695FCF5CB43B9583B094A5E5702CC86" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. &amp; O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277859" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1998. [Systematics of mammals of the USSR. Addenda. M.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 38: 190 pp. (in Russian)." year="1998">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="92369C8F8846E946C2E21A8C7D259A5D" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya &amp; E. L. Yakhontov &amp; A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
Pavlinov et al., 1995 
<emphasis id="102E37A696DBDDA8A20BEA594F9896DB" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). Synonymy of European 
<taxonomicName id="DF992DB67C8CC8E05FF74F1ECACA5D01" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="E5F96C5068F4C6B4721B14676513D7BC" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with Asian 
<taxonomicName id="5C715592BACEB496FC2826B97B12A2A5" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="E0BC82B749929815627364D2A1FB999A" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been documented by results of a variety of molecular and morphological studies (
<bibRefCitation id="A7D722DD47F03C63089212944F8C69B4" author="Bellinvia, E. &amp; P. Munclinger &amp; J. Flegr" refId="ref26810" refString="Bellinvia, E., P. Munclinger, and J. Flegr. 1999. Application of the RAPD technique for a study of the phylogenetic relationships among eight species of the genus Apodemus. Folia Zoologica, 48 (4): 241 - 248." year="1999">Bellinvia et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Filippucci et al., 1996; Macholán et al., 2001 
<emphasis id="900C2BAC66599CC821DF2594915F6893" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B777BDD7CF89A64419D207A7B832674" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
Mezhzherin, 1997 
<emphasis id="A30B2B069352968FE66B647362741600" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7893CE9F736A277E7549D6247B5FD2DC" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; A. G. Mikhailenko" refId="ref239848" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and A. G. Mikhailenko. 1991. O vidovoi prinadlezhnosti Apodemus sylvaticus tscherga (Rodentia, Muridae) Altaya [On specific identity of Apodemus sylvaticus tscherga (Rodentia, Muridae) from Altai]. Vestnik Zoologii, 3: 35 - 45 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1991">Mezhzherin and Mikhailenko, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="05751431C6B482CB9DD763AF7A2E8D93" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; A. E. Zykov" refId="ref240019" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and A. E. Zykov. 1991. Genetic divergence and allozyme variability in mice of genus Apodemus s. lato (Muridae, Rodentia). Cytology and Genetics, 25: 51 - 59." year="1991">Mezhzherin and Zykov, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; Mezhzherin et al., 1992; 
<bibRefCitation id="F4A3A4255ACF5ACDA3BCFE83E6B19144" author="Reutter, B. A. &amp; E. Petit &amp; H. Brunner &amp; P. Vogel" refId="ref302963" refString="Reutter, B. A., E. Petit, H. Brunner, and P. Vogel. 2003. Cytochrome b haplotype divergences in West European Apodemus. Mammalian Biology, 68: 153 - 164." year="2003">Reutter et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="371CCAC62A6641449C68A1F0039930B2" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239617" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 b. Biochemical systematics of the wood mouse, Sylvaemus sylvaticus (L., 1758) sensu lato (Rodentia, Muridae) from eastern Europe and Asia. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 62: 303 - 311." year="1997">
Mezhzherin (1997 
<emphasis id="1087DCBA69AA471C5A8446DE2015F2E9" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
:309)
</bibRefCitation>
summarized historical literature indicating the presence of a species different from 
<taxonomicName id="2FE9D41784BAEB5B70BC8F7A741398E7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="2D49F97D6B3C413906F5FDE5B72C6E45" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that corresponded to 
<taxonomicName id="2FE1D8A2B4585B120687B93C82353470" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="76FCB7D0B6A001F4D3301BCE2FBCDCBB" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pertinent systematic treatments cover chromosomal and allozymic variation (as 
<taxonomicName id="60099D16C8509FD1BE3D1A6565002002" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="922959AFE99296FD319AF40A7291889C" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="52191877D61CD4D77AAE2556C14F9346" author="Gemmeke, H." refId="ref116476" refString="Gemmeke, H. 1983. Proteinvariation bei Zwergwaldmausen (Apodemus microps Kratochvil und Rosicky, 1952). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 48: 155 - 160." year="1983">Gemmeke, 1983</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A378DCE38353EC456AE75B30B3C19F7E" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239617" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 b. Biochemical systematics of the wood mouse, Sylvaemus sylvaticus (L., 1758) sensu lato (Rodentia, Muridae) from eastern Europe and Asia. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 62: 303 - 311." year="1997">
Mezhzherin, 1997 
<emphasis id="7A2A5236E9DDC4B4D1C63DA773DA6A54" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="901E2BDB43186C1D694E4B7C050511DC" author="Vorontsov, N. N. &amp; S. V. Mezhzherin &amp; G. G. Boeskorov &amp; E. A. Lyapunova" refId="ref378081" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., S. V. Mezhzherin, G. G. Boeskorov, and E. A. Lyapunova. 1989. [Genetic differentiation of sibling species of wood mice (Apodemus) in the Caucasia and their diagnostics.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 309: 1234 - 1238 (in Russian)." year="1989">Vorontsov et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 1992); morphological data presented in context of distinguishing species of 
<taxonomicName id="0310A2096B549730B094ECBD62FAC9D8" authority="(Tvrtkovic and Dzukic, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2A2072036F27B3A33ED9676EA12D128F" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5FD7DD20EC13D5343D46A354DBC33824" author="Tvrtkovic, N. &amp; G. Dzukic" refId="ref361220" refString="Tvrtkovic, N., and G. Dzukic. 1977. Sisavci lesinog (slanog) kopova s posebnim osvrtom na vrstu Apodemus microps Krat. and Ros. 1952. Arhiv Bioloskih Nauka (Beograd), 29: 161 - 173 (in Serbo-Croatian)." year="1977">Tvrtkovic and Dzukic, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; variation in banded chromosomes between 
<taxonomicName id="AF8106EA22F97D6159EA33BB9F15DF6E" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="163AF425523BAA5BA47FEC53FFB860BA" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="BF3B3905C3E1C7F57267D7155E82730B" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="A4E7D8D1D8C13DF211287DEB7DA199B7" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="BB7E13ED46300396E5324A370D7D9181" authority="(Reutter et al., 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Reutter" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
<emphasis id="77C1B6436E75B094F08509FE97D453E4" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. alpicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA9933710C9F674DE87522C7CAAF2A01" author="Reutter, B. A. &amp; P. Nova &amp; P. Vogel &amp; J. Zima" refId="ref302863" refString="Reutter, B. A., P. Nova, P. Vogel, and J. Zima. 2001. Karyotypic variation between wood mouse species: Banded chromosomes of Apodemus alpicola and A. microps. Acta Theriologica, 46 (4): 353 - 362." year="2001">Reutter et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; morphology (skin, skull, and dentition) of northern Turkish samples (Filippucci et al., 1996), and results of discriminant function analyses separating samples of E Turkish 
<taxonomicName id="046CD147677331098F0F7B00C5A4BDB0" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="BC3E0B737F52EAEC256A777C9BC776BD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Turkish and Iranian 
<taxonomicName id="DE09B7E847851D36750A728FCD4A69FA" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="EC862B8C703B9A581E9476627AF13DCF" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="858893DA0ACFBBA648AE2AAEA1FD8661" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="60F20C4B0620831E7DF8E54B5BF6C7B7" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reported as 
<taxonomicName id="D063993936C8AE03D713CFC5A5C05D42" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="D30E9CB3E5A603296E9D1ED1D3CE3B63" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="A6C22E0AA998E32C219E426546467869" authority="(Frynta et al., 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Frynta" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcanicus">
<emphasis id="7B2FCCBC37C916FC9121F7EBF768F6D8" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. hyrcanicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="232C3A935C6CE8C1C4EF2927849EA17F" author="Frynta, D. &amp; P. Mikulova &amp; E. Suchomelova &amp; J. Sadlova" refId="ref110234" refString="Frynta, D., P. Mikulova, E. Suchomelova, and J. Sadlova. 2001. Discriminant analysis of morphometric characters in four species of Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia) from eastern Turkey and Iran. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 243 - 258." year="2001">Frynta et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; comparison of isozymic, chromosomal, and molecular divergence among 
<taxonomicName id="66694724AF68C0B25E4142D6091CC190" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="C1EB19F1EA0EEFDA7B6C57EA44818C2A" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EEC4D9A3463E0272F38689F00CA737C0" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="970D4815732E4F5C243619CEB6C78A71" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reported as 
<taxonomicName id="508D0A1919351A01E9C2CEA258E4758A" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvipectus">
<emphasis id="5FCDE8517F4F69F1375756083C7031DF" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. fulvipectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="BB3A4EF23D68FE280CA603525C606172" authority="(Chelomina et al., 1998 a)" baseAuthorityName="Chelomina" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponticus">
<emphasis id="16667478694406FE3C184AEB23DE3B4A" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. ponticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B907739DF50C10401E17F713EE7C6D9" author="Chelomina, G. N. &amp; M. V. Pavlenko &amp; I. V. Kartavtseva &amp; G. G. Boeskorov &amp; E. A. Lyapunova &amp; N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59156" refString="Chelomina, G. N., M. V. Pavlenko, I. V. Kartavtseva, G. G. Boeskorov, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 a. [Genetic differentiation of Caucasian wood mice: Comparison of isozymic, chromosomal and molecular divergence.] Genetika, 34 (2): 213 - 225 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
Chelomina et al., 1998 
<emphasis id="A5580F6BF060F29CAAEAD95E09FCCCCD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; and morphological traits distinguishing 
<taxonomicName id="5F83223485E8E38C3B07C186AF2C7300" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="C0EC6EA92CC79A2A8C46F294476D8E4B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5E8BFF7A1F0A07F5EEB5180B16A70D34" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="81C20C8F5E60DA35FE9B62D1D8BE9202" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in E 
<collectingCountry id="145D6A95C9EAE765CEDB18D38B582793" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="97B636F4BD1C195AEA652785E21B5C8D" author="Naglov, V. A." refId="ref256092" refString="Naglov, V. A. 1995. [Distribution and population density of Sylvaemus sylvaticus (Rodentia, Muridae) in Kharkov Oblast'.] Vestnik Zoologii, 1995 (5 - 6): 87 - 89 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1995">Naglov, 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Electrophoretic analysis of allozymic data indicated a recent separation of 
<taxonomicName id="BC0F29ED01605C51950DF034455DF5FD" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="CB8985DBD4CD99610D7A1C8B44206E79" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="16ABD5C3B0A002C4B6142B52891C3759" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
<emphasis id="1B2CF06ED8FCC961988486790D77785F" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. alpicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DEA327D18ADCB61E7C9C9A86E3E3D242" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="AFFF0C6D3348CC24A4B9563FDFAC844E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="2667722C1C18DCCA10AD83DBCE82226D" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="23CC6C2DA33B08C0571E30E5B09BF96B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reported as 
<taxonomicName id="2D8B0C33D94EDC0881B1808ED172BCB9" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="6DCA1299605EB0CD03F8A144CB0C475B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from a common ancestor (
<bibRefCitation id="8355A998ACAA2427667E463E675EB9BD" author="Filippucci, M. G." refId="ref100706" refString="Filippucci, M. G. 1992. Allozyme variation and divergence among European, Middle Eastern, and North African species of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 38: 193 - 218." year="1992">Filippucci, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; Filippucci et al., 1966), and a closer link between 
<taxonomicName id="DCC51264CAF70F9429BB330229D2B73A" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="FCCD92F385B1542E31FDF407D885030C" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2E29394FB912B74AD928324D01513A6B" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcanicus">
<emphasis id="0D4A701E1BB2E67E2D3A2FFFBAEC0746" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. hyrcanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than between 
<taxonomicName id="626A377FA3EB096369BF0F9F9810B684" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="9FFB54E54F13469EC999B0D9444CF708" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ED0C64D38D97B9375512806C974B2FE3" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="7E31C1D444862E204138E181A1296918" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8DF05CD5F67D2873BBFB4F0A1C220CEE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="8934F89FE431AB83AF1032B5983CD55D" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or 
<taxonomicName id="50D814C27BD8BECB83AABADAD0343AFB" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
<emphasis id="2A31403CE9C9EF7D8287B19D988415DD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reported as 
<taxonomicName id="8624FF2BA932EF0A57E6B4A09AC3FB4C" authorityName="Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
<emphasis id="18991814805242D26CF79163ECF9EE71" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">hermonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the other species sampled (Macholán et al, 2001 
<emphasis id="D4F49401B3076F66B649922A536B979E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
). However, analyses of sequences from mtDNA cytochrome 
<emphasis id="2685E5F106F5C4949A266ED6A239BA10" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
and 12S rRNA identify 
<taxonomicName id="F250436BC0CF562334EDDC212F2356B9" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="A2500D6EA33823F34B5D62831EF5A1AC" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a sister-species to 
<taxonomicName id="B0B7AE5FA25455AAFFB62B88993F6046" authority="(Michaux et al., 2002 a)" baseAuthorityName="Michaux" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
<emphasis id="C247C06487F731117F8B65A5A630B042" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. alpicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A7F3F0BCB27A80A2726735BB86CEEA44" author="Michaux, J. &amp; P. Chevret &amp; M. - G. Filippucci &amp; M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
Michaux et al., 2002 
<emphasis id="5BC7E3D6767DD3D4F114FA2ECAF3413D" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, as did cytochrome 
<emphasis id="549F5669571CBA861A053D2EA29B40F3" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
haplotype divergences (
<bibRefCitation id="10767D46DD7EEDCEDCA86C5529D51D12" author="Reutter, B. A. &amp; E. Petit &amp; H. Brunner &amp; P. Vogel" refId="ref302963" refString="Reutter, B. A., E. Petit, H. Brunner, and P. Vogel. 2003. Cytochrome b haplotype divergences in West European Apodemus. Mammalian Biology, 68: 153 - 164." year="2003">Reutter et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
), but not complete mtDNA cytochrome 
<emphasis id="4E4761F31BB46DB7866D7BC70831B360" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
sequences (
<bibRefCitation id="1FCA662A9F042510779F2C19EA4942AE" author="Liu, X. &amp; F. Wei &amp; M. Li &amp; X. Jiang &amp; Z. Feng &amp; J. Hu" refId="ref215103" refString="Liu, X., F. Wei, M. Li, X. Jiang, Z. Feng, and J. Hu. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829) based on complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on Chinese species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 1 - 15." year="2004">Liu et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Allozymic variation and morphology suggest a close alliance with 
<taxonomicName id="6BB7CD624F6152A23D5CD9E45614D46C" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="9F05E47757FCD57D813DB878C0674773" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Pamirs and Himalayas (
<bibRefCitation id="806DDEBB54CEC1C40F7BDDC945BC5EF3" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
Mezhzherin, 1997 
<emphasis id="592D24340AFDC4C28ACF650E0DD2DD43" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). In Reutter et al’s (2003) analyses of cytochrome 
<emphasis id="50AC4DB35F523CA7FC8714BDF30C96C1" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
haplotype divergences, a a sample from GenBank labeled &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="C2438CF4DD8A6B14F9DDA65349EA6706" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="0790CE067A1A9F21794D113696D9A3CD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2&quot; from 
<collectingCountry id="81EBF9734F910320797DFC757975E067" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(specimen in 
<collectionCode id="8A0597583180C854B5894965B3FFB91E" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
) used by 
<bibRefCitation id="3B00964E9ECD9096E1CB91B412669A64" author="Jansa, S. A. &amp; S. M. Goodman &amp; P. K. Tucker" refId="ref172368" refString="Jansa, S. A., S. M. Goodman, and P. K. Tucker. 1999. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the native rodents of Madagascar (Muridae: Nesomyinae): A test of the single-origin hypothesis. Cladistics, 15: 253 - 270." year="1999">Jansa et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="1218960424107E9B08225FE0317390B5" author="Liu, X. &amp; F. Wei &amp; M. Li &amp; X. Jiang &amp; Z. Feng &amp; J. Hu" refId="ref215103" refString="Liu, X., F. Wei, M. Li, X. Jiang, Z. Feng, and J. Hu. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829) based on complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on Chinese species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 1 - 15." year="2004">Liu et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
clustered with samples of 
<taxonomicName id="19D3725ABE4BF52C1F9458082EFB63E1" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="2A4C168ECAB6F55E4EC28CB5FC7C7BB6" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="08A96AD9E87A526318F51EA26D006520" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="CCCCDB0CAFB8C3A5B76BA26488CC9F91" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2&quot; represents 
<taxonomicName id="64084CB629188DF92CFFE5AE4080DBA6" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="E9B585D3AFAEA1A8024575899AC151F8" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as that is the most common species in 
<collectingCountry id="5F54707B4212A46CF8EEDA10E8FAF55C" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
and the one usually found in museum collections (Musser’s identifications). Results derived from &quot; 
<emphasis id="BD53714CF697F380006A875CD483EA0B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">
<taxonomicName id="F216188492AD8E8A60E92A6B581831B0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">sylvaticus</taxonomicName>
2&quot;
</emphasis>
reinforces the close phylogenetic allicance between 
<taxonomicName id="29B9D1BE54769AD5701EC3AD0C7D7650" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="761B71374335ACDCBDC7CA81903988CD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="100B2BA16AA693528C1791904FC7C210" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="5CBF5951F19CFD09760F12706218013B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicated by Mezhzherin’s (1997 
<emphasis id="06337A4C5A941FD6EB503C657779B4B5" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
) study; this alliance is also substantiated by qualitative observation of specimens (Musser’s research), and phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome 
<emphasis id="5A30813E51C3549BBFFBD69018F9FE8E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
and nuclear 
<collectionCode id="B5A1A6C53AC752CED6BA126002AB39CB">IRBP</collectionCode>
sequences (
<bibRefCitation id="F9F724F57CD2A55D4372486870BFB35A" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; J. J. Sato &amp; K. Tsuchiya &amp; J. Luo &amp; Y. - P. Zhang &amp; Y. - X. Wang &amp; X. - L. Jiang" refId="ref345051" refString="Suzuki, H., J. J. Sato, K. Tsuchiya, J. Luo, Y. - P. Zhang, Y. - X. Wang, and X. - L. Jiang. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of wood mice (Apodemus, Muridae) in East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80: 469 - 481." year="2003">Suzuki et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; sample identified as 
<taxonomicName id="2C4CAC0E6B4ADAC9E90721073529C227" baseAuthorityName="Wroughton" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="3909C0F626AB29BC3A2B199293D58AE5" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but see account of 
<taxonomicName id="1A145462580452236D1E525CD89BC9CB" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="53E4AFDB2EF6E089E27EBFA155229E1E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">P. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="02F3561711CF9E55DA26C4010C31D83D" author="Hille, A. &amp; D. Tarkhnishvili &amp; H. Meinig &amp; R. Hutterer" refId="ref153442" refString="Hille, A., D. Tarkhnishvili, H. Meinig, and R. Hutterer. 2002. Morphometric, biochemical and molecular traits in Caucasian wood mice (Apodemus / Sylvaemus), with remarks on species divergence. Acta Theriologica, 47 (4): 389 - 416." year="2002">Hille et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
summarized the various cladistic trees involving 
<taxonomicName id="2E3D0414724B831132A4AB2F133AABDA" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="5AA2504B8A9AAA59C4DEA3C10F84E38D" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="AA70047535FCB33DB7B7FCDA980E3C7B" baseAuthorityName="Tvrtkovic and Dzukic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB194C9084C9E523B5F11AFB5A7AD342" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Apodemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, highlighting similarities and incongruences among them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D5CCAECAECB4B12E428A88158771FF3" pageNumber="1277">
Species-boundaries are far from resolved. Using only chromosomal banding data, 
<bibRefCitation id="55A2269AE32E5D98C7156C00454735F8" author="Orlov, V. N. &amp; N. Sh. Bulatova &amp; R. S. Nadjafova &amp; A. I. Kozlovsky" refId="ref267665" refString="Orlov, V. N., N. Sh. Bulatova, R. S. Nadjafova, and A. I. Kozlovsky. 1996 a. Evolutionary classification of European wood mice of the subgenus Sylvaemus based on allozyme and chromosome data. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 46 (1 - 4): 191 - 202." year="1996">
Orlov et al. (1996 
<emphasis id="3133615594173DCD2794051F9750E779" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis id="D1141BD1B166F366F7FE716E8CC19168" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">b</emphasis>
) separated 
<taxonomicName id="6B9E28AACA1FB3FB5844CB0675F0A7AC" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosquensis">
<emphasis id="F7223B9C2A875033ACEDF1A5C70160A3" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">mosquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EC627FB492A92F511C23C3ECB864323F" baseAuthorityName="Ognev" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciscaucasicus">
<emphasis id="211430859527A606AF8F610C27B6BE09" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">ciscaucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as separate species within what they referred to as the superspecies 
<taxonomicName id="7CB0D2060D2298D3C575E6A61A97E661" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="480F512510F1668292B1425545C02B8E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">Sylvaemus uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; two forms of 
<taxonomicName id="C7FE8948490C1BC2BF72780A56B22BF9" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="21BF01DECF951381994AD16A60A1A05B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caucasus were also detected by 
<bibRefCitation id="F0177E9553BA509E4BCD005F158D2023" author="Hille, A. &amp; D. Tarkhnishvili &amp; H. Meinig &amp; R. Hutterer" refId="ref153442" refString="Hille, A., D. Tarkhnishvili, H. Meinig, and R. Hutterer. 2002. Morphometric, biochemical and molecular traits in Caucasian wood mice (Apodemus / Sylvaemus), with remarks on species divergence. Acta Theriologica, 47 (4): 389 - 416." year="2002">Hille et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. Based on morphological and allozymic data, 
<bibRefCitation id="ABCBF93D4738636C14ED99991701CF95" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
Mezhzherin (1997 
<emphasis id="384F4DCE21AD5DC7102D227F2682C7DA" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized a clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="7729785BF339BD9BDE6486342E993BB5" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="9703701F179D6F8403EF0966EC203EB5" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FF2F57381B7391118EACB45AC4B2D254" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kastschenkoi">
<emphasis id="F1956F56C7BED552482F1B7BDC0E7232" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">kastschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="18CB23960C4063974C280C531D55700D" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="1C93B79A559755B079995DAE112A3781" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which had been listed as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D9C0A2B1C70597439E741090B52ED6F8" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="656B940EE7E54C37A07F176A862F89D3" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="B3FC15001D0CDB9A837003555BAC63B6" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and applied each name to a separate species. Mezhzherin explained that 
<taxonomicName id="97AA47FDC0519510377B6EC320A2C6CB" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kastschenkoi">
<emphasis id="D8DC82B7D5ABCAFD5DD3D27B42B31F55" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">kastschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proposed by Kuznetzov for the small-bodied species in the Siberian Altai that had been identified as 
<taxonomicName id="7389DE2B519DD0E435DBCB33E14E751B" baseAuthorityName="Kastchenko" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tscherga">
<emphasis id="CEF0A185749DD9E018CFC7203410AE6E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">tscherga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="3BB87B70C18E5FBE6F07EDC8D1CD6DA8" baseAuthorityName="Kastchenko" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tscherga">
<emphasis id="23CADE7E1D97A8BB77B0D2F1AEF8CDD6" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">tscherga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggested a composite of 
<taxonomicName id="A379FD36ECF97C06E041455D1108898B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="5CD828252DF06EB28A37A046ACB7535A" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="40A45AF665178F4DF3EB15CED5B5F5C5" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="9A44968E06DDFE1D70E8D3407569F678" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Kuznetzov studied the type series and identified all members as 
<taxonomicName id="1C265CA0A745B9777D7B8B4C89C068DC" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="9CAE68C64E39C9C4F832E8B38EA1C519" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Russians use 
<taxonomicName id="94ADD942F8251C544BCDFEDFFFC3EC1F" baseAuthorityName="Severtsov" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="577ABD82FE58356292F6F2757440AA10" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead of 
<taxonomicName id="AE14122803177CE5D66C314B7341BA39" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="8060212F24C890B45C1E83F4D78CDE34" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Mezhzherin noted that 
<taxonomicName id="6ADA7AACF443DD25E02AB4DAE3073F27" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kastschenkoi">
<emphasis id="4CE866D98A2909884B3AF0FBDEB49E34" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">kastschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dark brown upperparts, gray belly, and is readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="1C6C4BFB26F40A1A53C31D0FEAAC9D2B" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="170AC493DF6836819445780E255AE86D" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and that the names 
<taxonomicName id="CA7CD4BCD297A9F68F0C88EC75A1D6DA" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
<emphasis id="F229D742771A99993F2310D50CD25779" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microtis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B5717673F2D15B63B4C83C940C453A05" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tokmak">
<emphasis id="520904FD03C79E865F635E6B4121673A" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">tokmak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="C58AB0684E51268FF95BB48B3600937F" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">balchaschensis</emphasis>
are probable synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="E72DA24390B5209EA2F7B35D1FCBC2C4" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="6F49D2B259CCA8818DB63602C55AC8A5" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We are not impressed with the degree of genetic distance separating Mezhzherin’s samples of 
<taxonomicName id="CA1DA09D9936C9CC9067B1EBDF71B4E3" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="565DDD2AF47B48C178F5D1C907198FCD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0C868DD91FD2728FA6EF4F8C3B5E4536" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kastschenkoi">
<emphasis id="E1E5368547C412B3D08E4BB6F0313970" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">kastschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the slight morphological differences between specimens we studied from the Siberian Altai and those representing 
<taxonomicName id="48E526FA7CE2C7A40DC3D305131727DE" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="D217434E9348A9F12BA08CB445370A8B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the west. On the other hand, species-status for 
<taxonomicName id="2706D322393CBF84E523BCEDFCCA4964" baseAuthorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="D200AC22E17A5F0FD1652DDDF3041998" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs to the south in the Pamirs and Himalayas, and is larger-bodied with generally paler upperparts and white or whitish gray underparts (see that account), is supported by genetic-distance measurements and morphology, as Mezhzherin indicated. The NW Chinese 
<taxonomicName id="9BE6B75ED75B91DB64A0CC933DDE4604" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nankiangensis">
<emphasis id="4D2D7FA12E5990E21BE190F3EE1E1A0B" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">nankiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from Aksu in Xinjiang) was described as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="EBD1D91918773F2EE05D09AE8E5CCBB6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="8CE6E1492B35A8847974E0084FFACE23" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and compared with 
<taxonomicName id="E536D758439DE0B9C66AD76A89C0DA59" baseAuthorityName="Kastchenko" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tscherga">
<emphasis id="40B83190848FCB8F5C4BFD6887443822" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">tscherga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from farther north in Xinjiang and the Siberian Altai from which it differs primarily in color (sandy brown upperparts instead of grayish brown; 
<bibRefCitation id="FC964F395280ADE45A28143B13E51335" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67665" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1984. The mammals of the Palearctic region: A taxonomic review. Supplement. British Museum (Natural History), London, 45 pp." year="1984">Corbet, 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A00BA67E25E104E02DB5676911533C5" author="Wang Sung" refId="ref382170" refString="Wang Sung. 1964. [New species and subspecies of mammals from Sinkiang, China.] Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1: 6 - 18 (in Chinese)." year="1964">Wang, 1964</bibRefCitation>
); we include it as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="E32C12AA0603EB20B4DF2F6C064D79EF" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="7E71FF025194955192D7C3F716C4ED4E" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An isolated population in NW 
<collectingCountry id="F5C382FD5B9296954031D45A9A7F30C7" name="Czech Republic">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
in the 
<collectingCountry id="A73A8E1CDDBEA75A90E32B2926F23E41" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
was extensively documented by Vohralík (2002) under 
<taxonomicName id="0E6AAEB87974FD1C32AAC72AED8AAE90" authorityName="Vohralík" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cimrmani">
<emphasis id="F5D79B331EB6C4E6F8C4F7A78C8C1E5A" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">cimrmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a new subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="AC129A0638D2BC2E754268DEA0D05D8D" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="8CAFE1C1D755D37A2C26ECC111840201" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">A. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7E19ACBAC9ED329F6C13C122F924FFA" pageNumber="1277">
European populations reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation id="D24BD108C9B39008DAA77BA468E259AC" author="Steiner, M." refId="ref339791" refString="Steiner, M. 1978. Apodemus microps Kratochvil und Rosicky, 1952 -- Zwergwaldmaus. Pp. 359 - 367, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 1: 1 - 476." year="1978">Steiner (1978</bibRefCitation>
, under 
<taxonomicName id="92A8BF5A6C9842FDDCF8D483B989581F" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="EED4E57FF9F5CC4267A5D13932D163A0" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="00B2A28973DFDF9579B2E6533B24514E" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. &amp; G. Amori &amp; W. Bogdanowicz &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; P. J. H. Reijnders &amp; F. Spitzenberger &amp; M. Stubbe &amp; J. B. M. Thissen &amp; V. Vohralik &amp; J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, Russian range and taxonomy reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EC5FFAFA3260E6F3B6470A41E3051E06" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Recent faunal studies incorporating distribution, taxonomy, ecology, and other information are available for: E 
<collectingCountry id="CCA70D5407C46E86EF6E2F8636D094C5" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="43E0D1614EE85CAB37DB83F1AA277AEA" author="Feiler, A. &amp; B. Tegegn" refId="ref99102" refString="Feiler, A., and B. Tegegn. 1998. Zur innerartlichen variation und artabgrenzung bei Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834), A. sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. agrarius (Pallas, 1771) und A. uralensis (Pallas, 1811) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 50 (1): 133 - 141." year="1998">Feiler and Tegegn, 1998</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="BECC11C499F83133BC96C97E8FF05DBA" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="06C91BE5B8A95416CAAB8F656AC7934F" author="Bauer, K. &amp; F. Spitzenberger" refId="ref23945" refString="Bauer, K., and F. Spitzenberger. 1996. The Recent mammal fauna of Austria. Hystrix, n. s., 8 (1 - 2): 17 - 21." year="1996">Bauer and Spitzenberger, 1996</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4B3FFE3DB117493CC9B4AD042B0CC702" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="E64D42B811950BD22D963FB8D8AF6EDB" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Baltic region (
<bibRefCitation id="07692434C7FEBA4D48E4F4F76C1CCA27" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241590" refString="Miljutin, A. 1997. Ecomorphology of the Baltic rodents: Body form, ecological strategies and adaptive evolution. Folia Theriologica Estonica, 3: 1 - 111." year="1997">Miljutin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="569299C715CAB075DA869AAE2A7E70A5" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241621" refString="Miljutin, A. 1998. Ecological strategies of the Baltic rodents. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 52 (1 / 2): 20 - 30." year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FBD3EB07EE310F6E8176A78C2B0F3D9F" author="Timm, U. &amp; V. Pilats &amp; L. Balciauskas" refId="ref356772" refString="Timm, U., V. Pilats, and L. Balciauskas. 1998. Mammals of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 52 (594 / 595): 1 - 9." year="1998">Timm et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="94B1E1587892260F63708DA070EC30AA" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. &amp; S. V. Mezhzherin" refId="ref403691" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V., and S. V. Mezhzherin. 1992. [Diagnostics and distributions of Terricola and Sylvaemus in Baltic Region.] Pp. 70 - 80, in Proceedings of the first Baltic Theriological Conference (A. Kirk, A. Miljutin, and T. Randveer eds.). Tartu Ulikool Toimetised (= Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis), no. 955: 254 pp. (in Russian with English summary)." year="1992">Zagorodnyuk and Mezhzherin, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="217EC374C5BDCD06D9A55BB328903038" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="D8662AC8CE437BC89EE59279D5E5DF31" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="8615BBF3FE84618A5F879FF6655AEB3C" name="Lithuania">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
(Juškaitis et al., 2001), 
<collectingCountry id="5DAE42F178C1D8E85FF2F20582FB814E" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="75AB179448E0F07F07C95EEE28254CF2" author="Petrov, B. M." refId="ref283163" refString="Petrov, B. M. 1992. Mammals of Yugoslavia. Insectivores and rodents. Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Supplement 37: 1 - 186." year="1992">Petrov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="E16C9AB49AEB6043C59D8926F87EEDB1" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="BF6994DFC1402A18FFBAB8DF1A90B815" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), E Carpathians (
<bibRefCitation id="B028A594B0B99C4ACB3A8871A0FE4139" author="Kyselyuk, A. I." refId="ref202627" refString="Kyselyuk, A. I. 1993. [Sylvaemus microps (Rodentia, Muridae) in the East Carpathians.] Vestnik Zoologii, 1994 (4): 41 - 47 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1993">Kyselyuk, 1993</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="28FE4B697C44863026C9405DC7CECF79" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="91B179BAD5CA99AB03F44BACA1ED2ECD" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="AE60C7068F1DEFAF0BCCD8ABA52A4EC8" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(Krška, 1996, under 
<taxonomicName id="ED81E5844EEDC653C46AAD1AA6858A5D" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="FCCC26834DE155003E1CA342097A4584" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Vohralík, 2002, as 
<taxonomicName id="5717BB9082D31E775CDA3C97BBC809E3" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="D68428000E257FCC29122009217C7C71" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Zima and And<6E>ra, 1996), 
<collectingCountry id="66170950BDB00331C8B5F6E98A457413" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F09A46A9D0E42A4920196DBAC443A38A" author="Mosansky, A." refId="ref247978" refString="Mosansky, A. 1994. Teriofauna Vychodneho Slovenska a katalog mamaliologickych zbierok Vychodoslovenskeho Muzea [The mammalian fauna of East Slovakia and the Catalogue of Mammaliological collections of the Eastslovakian Museum. Part VI (Rodentia 3)]. Zbornik Vychodoslovenskeho Muzea v Kosiciach, Prirodne, 35: 113 - 150 (in Czech with English summary)." year="1994">Mosansky, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; Stanko and 
<bibRefCitation id="8061543D1E17647BCDC7670DBFA3E081" author="Mosansky, A." refId="ref247978" refString="Mosansky, A. 1994. Teriofauna Vychodneho Slovenska a katalog mamaliologickych zbierok Vychodoslovenskeho Muzea [The mammalian fauna of East Slovakia and the Catalogue of Mammaliological collections of the Eastslovakian Museum. Part VI (Rodentia 3)]. Zbornik Vychodoslovenskeho Muzea v Kosiciach, Prirodne, 35: 113 - 150 (in Czech with English summary)." year="1994">Mosansky, 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 2000; Stanko et al., 1994), 
<collectingCountry id="991A250361E9CF7C7D33958112F1DF1C" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D75028FFC61C2B5F462552E7C75E5F3F" author="Peshev, D." refId="ref281361" refString="Peshev, D. 1996. Review of the status of mammals in Bulgaria. Hystrix, n. s., 8 (1 - 2): 55 - 59." year="1996">Peshev, 1996</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="CDBA5805DF8FACB1E846E3178230D444" authorityName="Kratochvíl and Rosicky" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="DA96B19848F7D206BE7315092731F118" italics="true" pageNumber="1277">microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and NW 
<collectingCountry id="2A409231B9E33FF61233C6E813A89509" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="10D6E44524C9537F546B434E70CCA469" author="Ma Yong &amp; Wang Feng-gui &amp; Jin Shan-ke &amp; Li Si-hua" refId="ref219723" refString="Ma Yong, Wang Feng-gui, Jin Shan-ke, and Li Si-hua. 1987. [Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) of Northern Xinjiang and their zoogeographical distribution.] Science Press, Academia Sinica, Beijing, 274 pp. (in Chinese)." year="1987">Ma et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>