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<mods:title id="1456DAB734BEA42AFEB947CAEA584497">A new species of Macrocypraea (Gastropoda, Cypraeidae) from Trindade Island, Brazil, including phenotypic differentiation from remaining congeneric species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" blockId="19.[533,1056,766,794]" box="[533,1056,766,794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0BF7032FFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" box="[533,1056,766,794]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" ID-CoL="3X4HB" authority="(Kiener, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Kiener" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[533,1056,766,794]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" bold="true" box="[533,1056,766,794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251372FD12AF32FCEC" bold="true" box="[533,858,766,794]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea cervinetta</emphasis>
(Kiener, 1843)
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<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FCC3AEF6FCB1" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[533,670,815,839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251372FCC3AEF6FCB1" box="[533,670,815,839]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12A12F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FCBEAFF9FC9C" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,913,850,874]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Synonymy see [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22513BBFCBEAE81FC9C" author="Simone LRL" box="[732,745,850,874]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
]. Complement:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FC98A838FC7A" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,1104,884,908]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251352FC98AFE2FC7A" authority="Kiener, 1843" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1843" box="[565,906,884,908]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FC98AE92FC7A" box="[565,762,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cypraea cervinetta</emphasis>
Kiener, 1843
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 6,
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22512ACFC98A861FC7A" box="[971,1033,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="1.[533,561,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[533,1301,208,1080]" captionTargetId="figure-318@1.[533,1301,208,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig 1. Schematic map of Americas showing approximate extension of the four studied species, color as indicated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630959/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B225155AFC98A822FC7A" box="[1085,1098,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FC7BA993FBE1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FC7BA9C4FC02" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251352FC7BAF5FFC58" ID-CoL="3X4HB" baseAuthorityName="Kiener" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[565,823,919,942]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FC7BAF5FFC58" box="[565,823,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea cervinetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Meyer, 2003[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22512A8FC7BAF80FC59" author="Meyer CP" box="[975,1000,919,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref14657" refString="16. Meyer CP. Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biol J Linn Soc. 2003; 79: 401 - 459." type="journal article" year="2003">16</bibRefCitation>
]: 411; 2004[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225150CFC7BA8ECFC59" author="Meyer CP" box="[1131,1156,919,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 156" refId="ref14834" refString="20. Meyer CP. Toward comprehensiveness: increased molecular sampling within Cypraeidae and its phylogenetic implications. Malacologia. 2004; 46 (1): 127 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">20</bibRefCitation>
]: 135; Simone, 2004[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251403FC7BA919FC59" author="Simone LRL" box="[1380,1393,919,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
]: 39,
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22514CCFC7BA981FC59" box="[1451,1513,919,943]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[245,273,1862,1881]" captionTargetBox="[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251324FC56AE38FC24" box="[579,592,954,978]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="10.[267,295,195,214]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[267,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326570/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">6</figureCitation>
, 71, 144153; Paulay &amp; Meyer, 2006[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22512BFFC56AF99FC24" author="Paulay G &amp; Meyer C." box="[984,1009,954,978]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="269 - 281" refId="ref14865" refString="21. Paulay G, Meyer C. Dispersal and divergence across the greatest ocean region: Do larvae matter? Integrat Compar Biol. 2006; 46 (3): 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / icj 027" type="journal article" year="2006">21</bibRefCitation>
]: 273, Table 2; Soriano, 2006[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225144AFC56A92EFC24" author="Soriano JL" box="[1325,1350,954,978]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="41 - 62" refId="ref14914" refString="22. Soriano JL. Consideraciones taxonomicas sobre la familia Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda), con una nueva propuesta de clasificacion supragenerica. Spira. 2006; 2 (1): 41 - 62." type="journal article" year="2006">22</bibRefCitation>
]: 49, Table 3; Guevara-Fletcher et al., 2011[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225122AFC30AF0EFC02" author="Guevara-Fletcher CE &amp; Kintz JRC &amp; Mejia-Ladino LM &amp; Cortes FA" box="[845,870,988,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14691" refString="17. Guevara-Fletcher CE, Kintz JRC, Mejia-Ladino LM, Cortes FA. Benthic macrofauna associated with submerged bottoms of a tectonic estuary in Tropical Eastern Pacific. J Marine Biol. 2011; 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2011 / 193759" type="book chapter" year="2011">17</bibRefCitation>
]: 8, Table 5; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2012[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251435FC30A903FC02" author="Torreblanca-Ramirez C &amp; Flores-Garza R &amp; Flores-Rodriguez P &amp; Garcia-Ibanez S &amp; Galeana-Rebolledo L." box="[1362,1387,988,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="283 - 294" refId="ref14955" refString="23. Torreblanca-Ramirez C, Flores-Garza R, Flores-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Ibanez S, Galeana-Rebolledo L. Riqueza, composicion y diversidad de la comunidad de moluscos asociada al sustrato rocoso intermareal de playa Parque de la Reina, Acapulco, Mexico. Revta Biol Mar Oceanog. 2012; 47 (2): 283 - 294." type="journal article" year="2012">23</bibRefCitation>
]: 286,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FC13A993FBE1" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[533,1531,1023,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Table 1; Landa-Jaime et al., 2013[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251211FC13AFE7FBE1" author="Landa-Jaime V &amp; Michel-Morfin E &amp; Arciniega-Flores J &amp; Castillo-Vargasmachuca S &amp; Saucedo-Lozano M." box="[886,911,1023,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1121 - 1136" refId="ref15014" refString="24. Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfin E, Arciniega-Flores J, Castillo-Vargasmachuca S, Saucedo-Lozano M. Moluscos asociados al arrecife coralino de Tenacatita, Jalisco, en el Pacifico central mexicano. Revta Mexic Biodiversidad. 2013; 84: 1121 - 1136." type="journal article" year="2013">24</bibRefCitation>
]: 1125, Table 1; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2014[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22514C7FC13A9D1FBE1" author="Torreblanca-Ramirez C &amp; Flores-Garza R &amp; Flores-Rodriguez P &amp; Garcia-Ibanez S &amp; Michel-Morfin JE &amp; Rosas-Acevedo JL" box="[1440,1465,1023,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="547 - 557" refId="ref15059" refString="25. Torreblanca-Ramirez C, Flores-Garza R, Flores-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Ibanez S, Michel-Morfin JE, Rosas-Acevedo JL. Gastropods with economic potential associated with the rocky intertidal zone of the Marine Region Priority 32, Mexico. Revta Biol Mar Oceanog. 2014; 49 (3): 547 - 557. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 19572014000300011" type="journal article" year="2014">25</bibRefCitation>
]: 555,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251372FBCEAF5AFBAA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FBCEAF5AFBAA" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Table 1,
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251308FBCEAEC4FBCC" box="[623,684,1058,1082]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 2J</figureCitation>
(17); Lorenz, 2017[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251211FBCEAFEBFBCC" author="Lorenz F." box="[886,899,1058,1082]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
]: 289, text. figure., pl. 60; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2017 [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251379FBA8AE5FFBAA" author="Torreblanca-Ramirez C &amp; Flores-Garza R &amp; Flores-Rodriguez P &amp; Garcia-Ibanez S &amp; Michel-Morfin JE &amp; Rosas-Acevedo JL" box="[542,567,1092,1116]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="81 - 93" refId="ref15129" refString="26. Torreblanca-Ramirez C, Flores-Garza R, Flores-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Ibanez S, Michel-Morfin JE, Rosas-Acevedo JL, et al. () Composition of Prosobranchia-Pulmonata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in rocky intertidal zone in the Marine Priority Region 32, Guerrero, Mexico. Revta Biol Mar Oceanog. 2017; 52 (1): 81 - 93. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 19572017000100006." type="journal article" year="2017">26</bibRefCitation>
]: 86, Table 1,
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22513ABFBA8AF68FBAA" box="[716,768,1092,1116]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 2</figureCitation>
(52).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB8BA961FB89" box="[565,1289,1127,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB8BA961FB89" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,1289,1127,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB8BAEA0FB89" bold="true" box="[565,712,1127,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
Gulf of
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, Pacific Central to South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB66AFECFB54" box="[565,900,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB66AFECFB54" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,900,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB66AF65FB54" bold="true" box="[565,781,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined.</emphasis>
As in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225120FFB66AF1DFB54" author="Simone LRL" box="[872,885,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB40AF3EFB32" box="[565,854,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB40AF3EFB32" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,854,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB40AEB6FB32" bold="true" box="[565,734,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Measurements.</emphasis>
As in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225125DFB40AF2FFB32" author="Simone LRL" box="[826,839,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB23A9A7F992" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB23A9A7F992" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB23AEF6FB11" bold="true" box="[565,670,1231,1255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
The only representative of the genus in the Pacific. Conchologically, it can be readily distinguished from the remaining species by the marked anterior widening of the aperture (
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22514BAFB1EAEF2FADA" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12A and 12B</figureCitation>
). Most other shell characters such as color, width/height ratio, and general outline overlap with
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B22513FCFADBAE9CFAB9" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[667,756,1335,1359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513FCFADBAEDAFAB8" box="[667,690,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513DAFADBAE9CFAB9" box="[701,756,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">zebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in varying degrees. The pair of anterior projections flanking canal relatively short (~1/12 of shell length;
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251252FAB6AFB7FA84" box="[821,991,1370,1394]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12B and 12C</figureCitation>
), left edge oblique. Inner lip slope with relatively short, spaces teeth, mostly positioned perpendicular to longitudinal axis (
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251467FA90A926FA62" box="[1280,1358,1404,1428]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12E</figureCitation>
). Anatomically, it differs from the remaining species of the genus in having a more anterior origin of the auricle; kidney with ventral lobe bearing a mosaic of pores instead of longitudinal folds; narrower rachidian tooth; narrower seminal vesicle; and a straighter penis with a rounder tip (Simone, 2004). Simone (2004) reported no significant anatomical differences between individuals from the Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD1B2251357F9C6AEFFF9B4" box="[560,663,1578,1602]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">California</collectingRegion>
(i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B22513AAF9C6AFAAF9B7" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="2017" box="[717,962,1577,1602]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cervinetta" subSpecies="californica">
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513AAF9C6AE8CF9B7" box="[717,740,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251397F9C6AFAAF9B7" box="[752,962,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">cervinetta californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the Central-South America (nominal subspecies). Conchological distinctions between the two subspecies were discussed by Lorenz (2017: 290).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>