336 lines
42 KiB
XML
336 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="C7C1B8200F3B8E43DC4E3A0D815DDD1D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.9" ID-CLB-Dataset="38776" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="68f2ec98-d3c2-47b6-a056-ec2f37bb4943" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267313" ID-ZooBank="AD63A2E1-C841-4039-B4CA-902C4FE6D0B3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1466410073885" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martens, Jochen" docDate="2016" docId="03D2325FFFB021095B8ADF882EB1F3C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4126.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4126 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sinostoma yunnanicum Martens, 2016, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="449" masterDocId="FFEB4A27FFB1210C5B1DD9572D4BF659" masterDocTitle="Sinostoma yunnanicum, the first nemastomatine harvestman in China (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="445" updateTime="1698663068008" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C41A1929EEB94D1D1C1E32EF6F5492FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2DB766C1771895C9C089A45A394DDDB2">
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<mods:title id="9108CB8010A55BDD8433D7AF6C8D6B74">Sinostoma yunnanicum, the first nemastomatine harvestman in China (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5EAF9EDC0FAC967CFFB472940F0DCC71" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EEBF52FA869E04B023CE9D7433F20DDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BBA0BBB6E035F634B4D581636CB73640">Martens, Jochen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B37B3244990CA26D881B9ABC02732623">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4CEDBC770FA1689D541C68D68CD807D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D5E80E1E193AE55B9BA24C7D732C88E3">
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<mods:date id="C6101FEBABF0837B04F6EDB9D834ACA0">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="348D8469F285E419B993CEDDF7BAA6D8">4126</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B2BC79322A6665DB404165F637F2B5DE" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2CE8AFBF10D93CB0AA88C565BA5A9EE4">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D5D658C6F3FC2D397D885C970B80BF45">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="59D7B37CF61FC8B44287ABC767152945" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6A90648ECEB68DEAA6CDF0209503E337" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D2325FFFB021095B8ADF882EB1F3C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6076759" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120829129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6076759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2325FFFB021095B8ADF882EB1F3C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2325FFFB021095B8ADF882EB1F3C5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB0210D5B8ADF882C4DF142" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB0210D5B8ADF882F4BF0A3" blockId="1.[151,512,1759,1819]" box="[151,512,1759,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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<heading id="D08C3425FFB0210D5B8ADF882F4BF0A3" bold="true" box="[151,512,1759,1786]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB0210D5B8ADF882F4BF0A3" bold="true" box="[151,512,1759,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB0210D5B8ADF882CFCF0A0" ID-CoL="7Z3LQ" box="[151,439,1759,1785]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanicum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB0210D5B8ADF882CFCF0A0" bold="true" box="[151,439,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">Sinostoma yunnanicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE220FFB0210D5AA0DFB72F4BF0A3" box="[445,512,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB0210D5B8ADE552C4DF142" blockId="1.[151,512,1759,1819]" box="[151,262,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB0210D5B8ADE552C4DF142" box="[151,262,1794,1819]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStart-2="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1425,386,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1428,1155,1954]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1425,196,1773]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1435,373,1794]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,1143,1955]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 3. Body, Ƌ holotype, 1: lateral side, 2 – 3: dorsal side. Scale bar 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ƌ right chelicera, 4: medial side; 5 – 7: apophysis of Ƌ chelicera from 5: lateral, 6: medial and 7: dorsal side. Scale bars: Fig. 4 0.1 mm, Figs 5 – 7 0.05 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genitalia and pedipalp. 8 – 9: truncus penis, dorsal and lateral views, 10 – 12: glans penis from 10: lateral, 11: dorsal and 12 ventral views. 13: Ƌ pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: Figs 8 – 9 0.2 mm, Figs 10 – 12 0.05 mm, Fig. 13 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/267314/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/267315/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/267316/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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Figs 1
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB0210D5BC1DE542DA1F142" bold="true" box="[220,234,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">–</emphasis>
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13
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB0210D5B8ADE1D295FF1F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB0210D5B8ADE1D295FF1F2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1866,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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<typeStatus id="54C03DEBFFB0210D5B8ADE1D2DB4F13A" box="[151,255,1866,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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♂ (
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<collectionCode id="ED6A1B8CFFB0210D5A25DE1C2C3DF13A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[312,374,1867,1891]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">SMF</collectionCode>
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):
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<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB0210D5A8DDE1C2CA0F13A" box="[400,491,1867,1891]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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, North Yunnan, Zhongdian County (now Shangri-La County),
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<quantity id="4C832EACFFB0210D5FFCDE1D2865F13A" box="[1249,1326,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
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north of Zhongdian (now Shangri-La City),
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<quantity id="4C832EACFFB0210D5927DE382FC0F1DE" box="[570,651,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4FE58EFFB0210D5986DE382E5AF1DE" box="[667,785,1903,1927]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" precision="92" value="28.33">28°19.8’N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4FE58EFFB0210D5803DE392ED8F1DE" box="[798,915,1902,1927]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" precision="92" value="99.761665">99°45.7’E</geoCoordinate>
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, primary mixed forest,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB0210D5FB3DE392818F1DF" box="[1198,1363,1902,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB0210D5FB3DE392818F1DF" box="[1198,1363,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">Rhododendron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, dead wood, leaf litter, mushrooms, moss; from soil litter, D.W. Wrase leg.
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<date id="FFC5A589FFB0210D5881DEC4295BF1F2" box="[924,1040,1939,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" value="2003-08-18">18.8.2003</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB0210D5BDADEE12940F196" box="[199,1035,1974,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB0210D5BDADEE12940F196" blockId="1.[151,1436,1866,1999]" box="[199,1035,1974,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB0210D5BDADEE12C0AF196" bold="true" box="[199,321,1974,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The sole species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB0210D5938DEE02FD1F197" box="[549,666,1975,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB0210D5938DEE02FD1F197" box="[549,666,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="445">Sinostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the characters of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB321085BDAD9CF294CF124" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="2" pageNumber="446" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB3210E5BDAD9CF2C1FF68C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5BDAD9CF2C36F6E9" bold="true" box="[199,381,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">Measurements.</emphasis>
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♂: body-L: 1.7, only dorsal scutum: 1.5; Leg II: Fe 1.2, Pt 0.4, Ti 0.8, Mt 1.6 Ta 1.3; Penis-L: 0.9. ♀ unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB3210E5BDAD9882EF3F719" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5BDAD9882C12F6A1" bold="true" box="[199,345,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5A79D9B72CD5F6A1" box="[356,414,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">Body</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB3210E5AACD9882F51F6A1" box="[433,538,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,386,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,373,1794]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Body, Ƌ holotype, 1: lateral side, 2 – 3: dorsal side. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">
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Figs 1
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5AE1D9B72F41F6A1" bold="true" box="[508,522,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">–</emphasis>
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3
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</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5928D9B72FF7F6A1" box="[565,700,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">Dorsal side</emphasis>
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; scutum uniformly dark brown, without any golden or silvery markings. Margins of scutum from anterior to posterior part with a continuous row of narrowly positioned anvilshaped low tubercles, partly fused into a low uninterrupted wall or line.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF04D3C1FFB3210E5B8ADE402EB0F177" box="[151,1019,1815,1838]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="446" targetBox="[166,1425,386,1794]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB3210E5B8ADE402EB0F177" blockId="2.[151,1019,1815,1838]" box="[151,1019,1815,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5B8ADE402C71F174" bold="true" box="[151,314,1815,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
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Body, Ƌ holotype, 1: lateral side, 2
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E59BFDE4F2FE4F174" bold="true" box="[674,687,1816,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">–</emphasis>
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3: dorsal side. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB3210F5BDADE022F10F6A1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1877,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">
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Second thoracic segment and segments (areae) I
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E59EADE012E4EF137" bold="true" box="[759,773,1878,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">–</emphasis>
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V of scutum separated by lines of anvil-shaped tubercles similar to those on peripheral margins of the scutum, this line bent forward on area I, bent backward on areas III, IV and V caudally forming a distinct network encircling the dorsal scutal plate and separating the five dorsal areas from each other. Areas I
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB3210E5AADDE952CF5F183" bold="true" box="[432,446,1986,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="446">–</emphasis>
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V with para-median pairs of low pegs, slightly inflated distally, rounded at upper end, from area I to area V lengths of pegs slightly increasing, lacking on area II. Beside the pegs areas I
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5E11D9CF2851F6E9" bold="true" box="[1292,1306,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
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V with few additional scattered low tubercles, several of them anvil-shaped. Tu oc low, touching front of scutum and densely covered by large anvil-shaped tubercles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB2210F5BDAD8532F78F73C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5BDAD8532C1EF745" box="[199,341,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Ventral side:</emphasis>
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Cx I
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5A96D8532CD2F745" bold="true" box="[395,409,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
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IV each with a pro- and retro-lateral row of strong anvil-shaped tubercles, rear and front row of consecutive Cx touching each other. Op gen covered by scattered low rounded tubercles; free sternites with few tubercles at margins; all light brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB2210F5BDAD8262830F796" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5BDAD8262DB7F7D1" box="[199,252,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Legs</emphasis>
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: Short and stout (in terms of nemastomatid morphology); Fe, Pt and Ti of leg I slightly inflated, Fe, Pt and Ti of all legs densely covered by stiff, short bristles, partly with small spines, less so on Mt and Ta, there few scattered long hairs. There are no “comb-teeth” (Kammzähnchen) as figured by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB2210F5F07D8E029F0F789" author="Gruber" box="[1050,1211,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447" refString="Gruber, J. (1976) Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Turkei. Zwei neue Nemastomatidenarten mit Stridulationsorganen, nebst Anmerkungen zur systematischen Gliederung der Familie (Opiliones, Arachnida). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 80, 781 - 801." type="journal article" year="1976">Gruber (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB2210F5FF4D8EF283FF789" box="[1257,1396,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Mediostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5FF4D8EF283FF789" box="[1257,1396,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Mediostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB2210F5BDAD88B2CA2F465" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
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<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5BDAD88B2C67F7AD" box="[199,300,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Pedipalp</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB2210F5A23D88B2CDEF7AD" box="[318,405,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,196,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genitalia and pedipalp. 8 – 9: truncus penis, dorsal and lateral views, 10 – 12: glans penis from 10: lateral, 11: dorsal and 12 ventral views. 13: Ƌ pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: Figs 8 – 9 0.2 mm, Figs 10 – 12 0.05 mm, Fig. 13 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267316/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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): Moderately short, Fe slightly swollen distally, Pt slightly enlarged ventrally, Ti slightly tapering distally; Ta short and rounded; all members bearing clavate setae, most conspicuous on Pt, Ti and Ta. No article with special armament.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB2210F5BDADB1F2E60F54C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5BDADB1F2C7DF439" box="[199,310,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Chelicera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB2210F5A59DB102CE2F439" box="[324,425,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,1155,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1143,1955]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ƌ right chelicera, 4: medial side; 5 – 7: apophysis of Ƌ chelicera from 5: lateral, 6: medial and 7: dorsal side. Scale bars: Fig. 4 0.1 mm, Figs 5 – 7 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
Figs 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5A97DB1F2CD3F439" bold="true" box="[394,408,584,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
|
||
7
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): Rather stout; basal article with a bulky frontad-directed Apo slightly surpassing the front margin of basal article; Apo with a broad basis, longer than high (lateral view), upper side smoothly rounded and dorso-distally projected in a pointed hook. In dorsal view Apo less pointed, markedly directed to medial side. Medially, the Apo is excavated nearly over its total length forming a bowl-like excavation or hole. Its inner wall is perforated by a multitude of minute pores, apparently the secretion area of the cheliceral gland. Second cheliceral article moderately inflated with few long scattered bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB2210F5BDADA772C6BF201" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5BDADA772CE5F561" box="[199,430,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">Genital morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB2210F5ADCDA482F70F561" box="[449,571,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,196,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genitalia and pedipalp. 8 – 9: truncus penis, dorsal and lateral views, 10 – 12: glans penis from 10: lateral, 11: dorsal and 12 ventral views. 13: Ƌ pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: Figs 8 – 9 0.2 mm, Figs 10 – 12 0.05 mm, Fig. 13 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267316/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
Figs 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5910DA772F50F561" bold="true" box="[525,539,800,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
|
||
12
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): Truncus penis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB2210F5814DA482E39F561" box="[777,882,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,196,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genitalia and pedipalp. 8 – 9: truncus penis, dorsal and lateral views, 10 – 12: glans penis from 10: lateral, 11: dorsal and 12 ventral views. 13: Ƌ pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: Figs 8 – 9 0.2 mm, Figs 10 – 12 0.05 mm, Fig. 13 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267316/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
Figs 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5848DA772E28F561" bold="true" box="[853,867,800,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
|
||
9
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately slender; the basis forming a large inflated bulb well separated from the remainder of the truncus; bulb compact, not incised on its median plane, completely filled by the two penial muscles, their tendons spanning truncus longitudinally to base of glans. Truncus narrowest above the bulb (dorsal/ventral views), slightly enlarging to the distal third, then inflated slightly more strongly to form a symmetrical blade which finally tapers to the glans. Glans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13409FCCFFB2210F5F04DAF829D1F591" box="[1049,1178,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,196,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genitalia and pedipalp. 8 – 9: truncus penis, dorsal and lateral views, 10 – 12: glans penis from 10: lateral, 11: dorsal and 12 ventral views. 13: Ƌ pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: Figs 8 – 9 0.2 mm, Figs 10 – 12 0.05 mm, Fig. 13 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267316/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
Figs 10
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5F72DAE72936F591" bold="true" box="[1135,1149,944,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
|
||
12
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) only inconspicuously marked, short, starting where the two tendons touch and insert on the inner truncus wall; stylus short, a continuation of the glans tapering to the distal asymmetrical opening of the seminal duct. Glans armed with short, stiff and unspecialized spines, arranged symmetrically in dorsal and ventral views, six on the dorsal, five on the ventral side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04D3C1FFB2210F5B8ADEE02F2DF1B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="447" targetBox="[151,1428,1155,1954]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB2210F5B8ADEE02F2DF1B6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1975,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5B8ADEE02C70F194" bold="true" box="[151,315,1975,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">FIGURES 4–7.</emphasis>
|
||
Ƌ right chelicera, 4: medial side; 5
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F59B4DEEF2FFDF194" bold="true" box="[681,694,1976,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
|
||
7: apophysis of Ƌ chelicera from 5: lateral, 6: medial and 7: dorsal side. Scale bars: Fig. 4 0.1 mm, Figs 5
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB2210F5AF8DE8D2CBAF1B6" bold="true" box="[485,497,2010,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="447">–</emphasis>
|
||
7 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF04D3C1FFB521085B8ADE5528C7F16E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267316/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" targetBox="[166,1425,196,1773]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB521085B8ADE5528C7F16E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1794,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085B8ADE552C0CF14E" bold="true" box="[151,327,1794,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">FIGURES 8–13.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia and pedipalp. 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085952DE542F10F141" bold="true" box="[591,603,1795,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">–</emphasis>
|
||
9: truncus penis, dorsal and lateral views, 10
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085F3EDE542964F141" bold="true" box="[1059,1071,1795,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">–</emphasis>
|
||
12: glans penis from 10: lateral, 11: dorsal and 12 ventral views. 13: Ƌ pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: Figs 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085885DE762EEFF16F" bold="true" box="[920,932,1825,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">–</emphasis>
|
||
9 0.2 mm, Figs 10
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085F40DE762921F16F" bold="true" box="[1117,1130,1825,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">–</emphasis>
|
||
12 0.05 mm, Fig.13 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB521085BDADE33294CF124" blockId="4.[151,1436,1892,2025]" box="[199,1031,1892,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085BDADE332C46F125" bold="true" box="[199,269,1892,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">Name</emphasis>
|
||
. It refers to the Chinese province Yunnan, the origin of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB521085BDADED02974F19C" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB521085BDADED02974F19C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1892,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085BDADED02C12F1F9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1927,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C03DEBFFB521085839DEDE2E1FF1F8" box="[804,852,1929,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, where it was collected in an old-growth coniferous forest at
|
||
<quantity id="4C832EACFFB521085A6BDEFB2C80F19D" box="[374,459,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</quantity>
|
||
with dense understory including a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB521085849DEFB2EB2F19D" box="[852,1017,1964,1988]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085849DEFB2EB2F19D" box="[852,1017,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">Rhododendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
layer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB521095BDADE982E26F719" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB521095BDADE982E26F719" blockId="4.[151,1436,1892,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB521085BDADE982C0EF1B1" bold="true" box="[199,325,1999,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB521085A4BDE862C3EF1B0" box="[342,373,2001,2025]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="448">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB52108590BDE872E68F1B1" author="Gruber" box="[534,803,2000,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" refString="Shear, W. A. & Gruber, J. (1983) The opilionid subfamily Ortholasmatinae (Opiliones: Troguloidea, Nemastomatidae). American Museum Novitates, 2757, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Gruber & Shear (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB521085847DE87295DF1B0" box="[858,1046,2000,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemastomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are divided into two subfamilies, Nemastomatinae and Ortholasmatinae. The former is restricted to the Palaearctic Realm with a strong bias to the western Palaearctic, especially in mountainous areas in south-western, central and western Europe. The Balkan Peninsula, Pyrenees and Cantabric Mts., the Caucasus and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB42109582DD9882ECBF6A1" box="[816,896,223,248]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
are centres of nemastomatine diversity. Several of these areas, especially the Caucasus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095997D8532E78F744" author="Martens" box="[650,819,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Martens, J. (2006) Weberknechte aus dem Kaukasus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 86, 145 - 210." type="journal article" year="2006">Martens 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), harbor endemic genera and, additionally, display remarkable radiations of small-range species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095987D8702E2AF719" author="Schonhofer" box="[666,865,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Schonhofer, A. (2013) A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sorensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones). Zootaxa, 3679 (1), 1 - 68. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3679.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schönhofer 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361D0C2FFB421095BDAD81A2EB1F3C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB421095BDAD81A295EF4FE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095BF5D81B2CBBF73D" ID-CoL="7Z3LQ" box="[232,496,332,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095BF5D81B2CBBF73D" box="[232,496,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Sinostoma yunnanicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only one distinct morphological character is prominent, the short glans of penis. Generally, its proximal part is demarcated by the insertions of the penial tendons within the truncus. These extend from the two basal muscles along the truncus to the glans. In addition, the glans in turn is marked by the scanty but obvious armament of robust spines. Accordingly, a similar short glans is characteristic of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095E0BD8EF28D0F796" box="[1302,1435,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Starengovia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095B8AD88B2C15F7AD" author="Snegovaya" box="[151,350,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Snegovaya, N. Y. (2010) New harvestman genus and species from Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 62 (3), 351 - 354." type="journal article" year="2010">Snegovaya, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but it is more slender in comparison and the stylus rather long and it represents also an East Palaearctic genus (one species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB421095923DB572FF4F441" box="[574,703,512,536]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Northwest Himalaya each, the latter undescribed).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095B8ADB732C57F462" box="[151,284,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Starengovia</emphasis>
|
||
in turn is unique by its broad foliate alate structure of distal part of truncus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095F71DB732860F465" author="Snegovaya" box="[1132,1323,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Snegovaya, N. Y. (2010) New harvestman genus and species from Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 62 (3), 351 - 354." type="journal article" year="2010">Snegovaya 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is lacking in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095A03DB1F2CD1F406" box="[286,410,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095A03DB1F2CDDF406" ID-CoL="7PZX6" box="[286,406,584,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Sinostoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Both genera may represent a common phylogenetically and geographically isolated evolutionary line within Nemastomatinae. With respect to an evolutionary tree based on molecular genetics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095B83DBD82CA9F4F1" author="Schonhofer" box="[158,482,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Schonhofer, A. L. & Martens, J. (2012) The enigmatic Alpine opilionid Saccarella schilleri gen. n., sp. n. (Arachnida: Nemastomatidae) - isolated systematic placement inferred from comparative genital morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 12 (4), 409 - 419. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 012 - 0073 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">Schönhofer & Martens 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) they may have diverged near the base of the tree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB421095BDADBE32E1FF591" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">
|
||
A distinctive bowl-like medial excavation on the male cheliceral apophysis occurs in several nemastomatine genera and may have developed independently several times. This can be inferred from the placement of the relevant genera on the molecular tree (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095978DBAB2EF0F54D" author="Schonhofer" box="[613,955,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Schonhofer, A. L. & Martens, J. (2012) The enigmatic Alpine opilionid Saccarella schilleri gen. n., sp. n. (Arachnida: Nemastomatidae) - isolated systematic placement inferred from comparative genital morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 12 (4), 409 - 419. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 012 - 0073 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">Schönhofer & Martens 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB4210958CEDBAB2938F54D" ID-CoL="7PPVR" box="[979,1139,764,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemastomella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB4210958CEDBAB2938F54D" box="[979,1139,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Nemastomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095FA9DBAB280EF54D" box="[1204,1349,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095FA9DBAB280AF54D" ID-CoL="7PNMP" box="[1204,1345,764,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Mediostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mediostoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
genera screened so far, are not closely related and are restricted to the Iberian Peninsula or range from the Balkans to the Caucasus, respectively. A very similar apophysis form in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095871DA132EAAF502" ID-CoL="7PZX6" box="[876,993,836,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095871DA132EAAF502" box="[876,993,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Sinostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possibly represents another parallel development rather than indicating close relationship. The placement of the secretion area on the male cheliceral apophysis varies among species and strongly varies among genera of nemastomatines. The secretion plays a role during courtship (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095A43DAE72CB6F591" author="Martens" box="[350,509,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Martens, J. (1969) Die Sekretdarbietung wahrend des Paarungsverhaltens von Ischyropsalis C. L. Koch (Opiliones). Zeitschrift fur Tierpsycholologie, 26, 513 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1969. tb 01961. x" type="journal article" year="1969">Martens 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095915DAE72E0CF591" author="Martens" box="[520,839,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Martens, J. & Schawaller, W. (1977) Die Cheliceren-Drusen der Weberknechte nach rasteroptischen und lichtoptischen Befunden (Arachnida: Opiliones). Zoomorphologie, 86, 223 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00993667" type="journal article" year="1977">Martens & Schawaller 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC48349FFB421095BDADA832EB1F3C5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095BDADA832C9AF5B5" ID-CoL="7Z3LQ" box="[199,465,980,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095BDADA832C9AF5B5" box="[199,465,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Sinostoma yunnanicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the easternmost representative of Nemastomatinae. The nearest nemastomatine localities to the west are the Central Asian Tadjik Pamir Mts. (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB42109586ADAAF2949F249" ID-CoL="7PNMP" box="[887,1026,1016,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Mediostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB42109586ADAAF2949F249" box="[887,1026,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Mediostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095F0ADAAF29DBF256" box="[1047,1168,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">pamiricum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095F87DAAF287DF249" author="Starega" box="[1178,1334,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Starega, W. (1986) Eine neue Art der Nemastomatidae (Opiliones) aus dem Pamir, nebst nomenklatorisch-taxonomischen Anmerkungen. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Biological Sciences, 34, 301 - 305." type="journal article" year="1986">Starega, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Nature Reserve Sari-Tshelek in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB421095AE2DD4A2FCBF26C" box="[511,640,1053,1077]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB42109598CDD4B2ED8F26D" box="[657,915,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Starengovia kirgisicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095886DD4B292AF26D" author="Snegovaya" box="[923,1121,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Snegovaya, N. Y. (2010) New harvestman genus and species from Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 62 (3), 351 - 354." type="journal article" year="2010">Snegovaya, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), both apparently extremely localized endemics known from a single locality each. However, in Himalayan Northwest
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB421095F90DD6829A7F201" box="[1165,1260,1087,1112]" name="Pakistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
an undescribed
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095B8ADD332C57F222" box="[151,284,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Starengovia</emphasis>
|
||
species is present (J.M. unpublished). The latter locality reduces the distance to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095FD1DD33280AF222" ID-CoL="7PZX6" box="[1228,1345,1124,1147]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095FD1DD33280AF222" box="[1228,1345,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Sinostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
locality to about
|
||
<quantity id="4C832EACFFB421095BE6DDDF2C28F2F9" box="[251,355,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" unit="km" value="3000.0">3000 km</quantity>
|
||
. Despite intensive sampling of small soil arthropods by workers of the Geneva Natural History Museum and the Mainz Institute of Zoology in many parts of the western and central Himalayas, no nemastomatids have turned up except for the sole
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB421095933DD982FC6F2B1" box="[558,653,1231,1256]" name="Pakistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
location. The only former mention of nemastomatids on the Indian Subcontinent was presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095AE3DDA22FE1F354" author="Roewer" box="[510,682,1268,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Roewer, C. - F. (1959) Die Araneae, Solifuga und Opiliones der Sammlung des Dr. K. Lindberg in Griechenland, Kreta, Anatolien, Iran und Indien. Meddelanden fran Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets- Samhalles Handlingar, sjatte foljeden, Serie B, 8 (4), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1959">Roewer (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, long since identified as a false record not to be mentioned further (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAFEB8FFB421095B83DC402C2DF369" author="Schonhofer" box="[158,358,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" refString="Schonhofer, A. (2013) A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sorensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones). Zootaxa, 3679 (1), 1 - 68. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3679.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schönhofer 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Though more Nemastomatinae species will certainly be discovered in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB421095F8EDC402992F369" box="[1171,1241,1303,1328]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the group seems to be rare and locally distributed, probably confined to mountainous old-growth forests as relicts. According to its distribution in Southwest
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC3D9FFB421095ADFDC082F43F321" box="[450,520,1375,1400]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a core area of many old endemic animal groups,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095F4ADC372987F32E" ID-CoL="7PZX6" box="[1111,1228,1376,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Sinostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095F4ADC372987F32E" box="[1111,1228,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Sinostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a basally derived member of the nemastomatine phylogenetic tree opposite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF8CAFFB421095866DCD22EB8F3C5" ID-CoL="7PPBH" box="[891,1011,1413,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Mitostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F5F5BFFB421095866DCD22EB8F3C5" box="[891,1011,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="449">Mitostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |