232 lines
31 KiB
XML
232 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="FCB622A14D8D9D735EB1B044FCA3D10C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFFFC605FF2A6523FE6BE923" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus baruensis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="BCF768D8FC83FCA3300240E5366DAB12" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A30ACCE26ADF9B949885946620C30F11">
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<mods:title id="16AACA86E7DFCAFD0F20A50B718517DC">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0E0F322A50FEC0D6574D9B363712792A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="158882B9748B2E99F40B295BB634BAFC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91E04FB0AC724557313F376D88E5027C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EA298CE1804A18805FC57E4B55B0455B">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7ED079BD192ECA886DA8584EE6B9A2EC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="750A8E3F74EB70C3F93FF8017EBE048A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="66FA3BBE918E26185B216A94098F14FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FA2B8C403D5F5677E83647A62CD014D9">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3730AB21D2C7E72FDA55B4674D09104E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2C66C6A1EE5B4E61DD58C3EB732BDD3D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8D59B645EB97F67143BC733982D302BD">
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<mods:date id="5B5D13850D871FBD81E266FA24723850">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A555934E240F374D4EC65D6B21FCCE8D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1962FEA374A339F2E8F53516265F63A4">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D17806B98DE6367934083E430D62F355">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0F985172FCC7B2EF7AE5B6BD31004E7D">47</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="ED555459812BA52FFE3A7043AF777DA9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F52EE1DA2A9AC7B64CDCB67C9BA5DFA8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C656803CF103A4ABF056B3DAA9A69039" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BDFCAF1B4EE20997F332D29E99EEFCA1" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F3FFFFC605FF2A6523FE6BE923" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFFFC605FF2A6523FE6BE923" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFFFC605FF2A6523FE6BE923" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFFC606FF2A6523FD15E845" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF2A6523FCF3E826" blockId="13.[151,848,547,606]" box="[151,848,547,574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0FA8189FFFFC606FF2A6523FCF3E826" bold="true" box="[151,848,547,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF2A6523FCF3E826" bold="true" box="[151,848,547,574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FF2A6523FD48E826" authority="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" box="[151,747,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baruensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF2A6523FE20E825" bold="true" box="[151,387,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synergus baruensis</emphasis>
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Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFFFC606FD4F6524FCF3E826" box="[754,848,547,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF2A6541FD15E845" blockId="13.[151,848,547,606]" box="[151,694,582,606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FF226541FF4DE845" box="[159,238,582,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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C, 4F, 5F, 6J, 9C, 11F, 14C, 17J, 20D–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFFC606FF2A6588FB9CE941" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF2A6588FB9CE941" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF2A6588FEE4E8BC" bold="true" box="[151,327,654,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FF2A6588FF73E8BC" box="[151,208,655,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FEED6589FE1BE8BD" box="[336,440,654,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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̩ (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFFC606FB876589FBD9E8BD" box="[1082,1146,654,678]" name="Spain" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFFC606FB376589FB47E8BD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1162,1252,654,678]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNCN</collectionCode>
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), card-mounted. (Cat. nº 2101).
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFFC606FEFF65B4FE1FE8D0" box="[322,444,691,715]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Boquete, Alto Chiquero 8º 50' 49 01” N, 82º 29' 18 04” W,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFFC606FB7365B5FA85E8D1" box="[1230,1318,690,714]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.869" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1869.0">1869 m</quantity>
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; ex gall of an undescribed
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FEED65D1FE64E8F5" box="[336,455,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FEED65D1FE64E8F5" box="[336,455,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Callirhytis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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? species on
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FDD865D0FC6AE8F5" box="[613,969,726,750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FDD865D0FC9CE8F5" box="[613,831,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
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(Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, gall collected
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<date id="FFB31025FFFFC606FB3D65D1FB53E8F5" box="[1152,1264,726,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2008-05-10">10.v.2008</date>
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, Medianero &
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFFC606FF2A65FDFF46E909" box="[151,229,762,786]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nieves</collectingCountry>
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leg.
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FEA265FCFE33E908" box="[287,400,763,787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 63, 6̩, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FD2465FDFD5CE909" box="[665,767,762,786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; 13, road to Volcancito,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFFC606FBA065FDFBDFE909" box="[1053,1148,762,786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1400.0">1,400 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFB31025FFFFC606FB3465FDFB56E909" box="[1161,1269,762,786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2009-01-25">25.i.2009</date>
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, E. Medianero leg. Eight
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FEB66418FED5E92C" box="[267,374,799,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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in the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFFC606FE7E6419FDB9E92D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[451,538,798,822]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNCN</collectionCode>
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, four
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FDE66418FD65E92C" box="[603,710,799,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFFC606FB796419FABEE92D" box="[1220,1309,798,822]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panamá</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFFC606FA916419FA23E92D" box="[1324,1408,798,822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MEUP</collectionCode>
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). 1̩
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FF7C6444FE81E940" box="[193,290,835,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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of the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFFC606FED26444FE3CE940" box="[367,415,835,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
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series was dissected for SEM observations (in the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFFC606FC676445FB90E941" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[986,1075,834,858]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNCN</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFFC606FF7A6460FB19E965" box="[199,1210,870,895]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF7A6460FB19E965" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" box="[199,1210,870,895]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF7A6460FEE5E964" bold="true" box="[199,326,871,895]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Named after the Volcan Barú, the best collecting site for cynipids in
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFFC606FBE76460FB15E965" box="[1114,1206,871,894]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFFC606FF7A648DFACDEE85" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF7A648DFACDEE85" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF7A648DFE54E9B8" bold="true" box="[199,503,906,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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This new species resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FC80648CFC3FE9B8" box="[829,924,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FC80648CFC3FE9B8" box="[829,924,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. luteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FC16648CFBBCE9B8" box="[939,1055,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabrieli">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FC16648CFBBCE9B8" box="[939,1055,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. gabrieli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FBEA648CFAA0E9B8" box="[1111,1283,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FBEA648CFAA0E9B8" box="[1111,1283,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. colombianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its general aspect and in most morphological characters. The distinguishing characters for these species are mentioned in the identification key. The diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFFC606FD0464D4FCE6E9F0" box="[697,837,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baruensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FD0464D4FCE6E9F0" box="[697,837,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. baruensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be summarized as follows: coloration predominantly yellowish in the two sexes; frontal carinae strong, high, not branched, reaching close to the lateral ocelli; F1 of female antenna 2.8 as long as pedicel; 1.2 as long as F2; sculpture of mesoscutum weakly coriarious with some weak transverse rugae; lateral propodeal carinae moderately convergent; radial cell three times as long as wide, venation well pigmented, in males the distal end of the radial cell is extended by a pigmented small triangle; extension of micropunctures on the posterior metasomal 2+3 terguites forming a narrow band, punctures quite weak
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFFC605FF7A63ADFCE8E89F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF7A63ADFF43EEFD" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF7A63ADFEFAEED8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1194,1219]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFFC606FE4763ADFDF0EED9" box="[506,595,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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(range 2.14–2.77; N = 6) for females; 2.4 (range 1.82–2.85; N = 7) for males.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF7A63F5FBF4EFF9" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Female (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FE9463F5FEDEEF11" box="[297,381,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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D). Head yellow red, the frons (inside frontal carinae), ocelar triangle and occiput, around the occipital foramen, black. Antennae brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally. Mesosoma black, but sides of pronotum and scutellum, lateral margins of mesoscutum and speculum are yellow red; tegulae yellow. Metasoma black dorsally and anterolaterally, the half ventral and the posterolateral areas yellow. Legs yellow, excepting all tarsi slightly darkened. Forewing hyaline, veins dirty yellow. Male (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FCD56285FC18EF81" box="[872,955,1410,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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E) similar to female but yellow coloration much more extended, only small areas black in pronotum medially, sides of ocelli, posterior half of mesoscutum (among notauli), propodeum and metasoma dorsally. Coxae of legs more pale yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF7A62E8FED7ED19" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFFC606FF7A62E8FEBDEC1C" bold="true" box="[199,286,1519,1543]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Female</emphasis>
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. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FE8862E9FE2AEC1D" box="[309,393,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Head in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FD1862E9FD4AEC1D" box="[677,745,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F) 2 times as wide as long. Genae not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.8 times OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by about its diameter. Head in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FEFD6131FE27EC55" box="[320,388,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) more or less trapezoid, 1.2 times as wide as high, genae slightly expanded behind eyes. Facial carinae strong, regular, reaching toruli and internal margin of eyes, not branched near compound eyes. Malar space 0.5 as long as height of compound eye. Toruli size and relative separation as in their closely allied species. Frontal carinae strong, high, not branched, close arriving lateral ocelli. Frons coriarious, with some punctures and very weak rugae; vertex and dorsal area of occiput coriarious punctuate; some rugae close to internal margins of eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FF6561EDFE85ED19" box="[216,294,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 4F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC606FF7A6009FE99ED89" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Female antenna with 14 segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FDED6009FD30ED3D" box="[592,659,1806,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F); flagellum filiform not broadened towards apex; relative lengths of antennal segments: 18:9.5:28:23:21:21:18.5:16:13:12:11:10:10:18.5; pedicel 1.3 as long as wide; F1 1.2 as long as F2. Male antenna with 15 segments; distal half slighty broadened; F1 excaved medially and slightly expanded apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FF61607DFE83ED89" box="[220,288,1914,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1731,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,181,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[191,1395,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli. (G) Synergus ramoni. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus colombianus. (J) Synergus baruensis. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276882/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFFC605FF7A6098FDD9EB07" blockId="13.[151,1437,654,2010]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Mesosoma. Pronotum without lateral pronotal carina. Mesoscutum moderately pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFFC606FB4F6099FA98EDAD" box="[1266,1339,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus luteus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276885/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C); with weak, coriarious striate sculpture. Notauli percurrent, narrow and moderately converging posteriorly; notauli not broadened posteriorly, as wide as transscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression virtually invisible. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, shallow, smooth, narrowly separated anteriorly by a septum. Scutellum not margined, with rugose sculpture. Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FDBC67D8FDF3EAEC" box="[513,592,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,171,1783]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276887/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
F) with close spaced horizontal striae, extended on the speculum, the interspaces without visible coriarious sculpture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A6620FD26EB7F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, moderately convergent posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FBF56620FB3EEB24" box="[1096,1181,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1228,1251]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. Propodeum posterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus chiricanus. (B) Synergus gabrieli. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276888/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Median propodeal area smooth and pubescenct. Nucha sulcate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A6677FAAFEB9C" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[199,1292,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Legs. Tarsal claw with secondary acute tooth large, measuring about 1/2 of length of apical tooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A6693FDA1EBEF" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FEFC6693FE30EBB7" box="[321,403,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Radial cell 2.9 times as long as wide. R1 slightly narrower along margin of radial cell, but radial cell closed; areolet indistinct; vein Rs+M incomplete. Basal cell with few sparse setae. Apical margin of wing with a long fringe of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A6507FCE8E89F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FEF666F8FE3DE80C" box="[331,414,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1191]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 14. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276890/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
C). First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, covering 4/5 parts of metasoma, smooth and shining, weak micropunctures visible forming a narrow band on posterodorsal area of terguite. Anterolateral pubescence forming a patch of about 14 setae. Projection of the hypopygial spine short; apical setae not projected beyond apex spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC605FF7A6588FD22E8BC" box="[199,641,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A6588FD22E8BC" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[199,641,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF7A6588FEC3E8B3" bold="true" box="[199,352,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Chiriqui region,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFCC605FD9C6597FDDEE8BC" box="[545,637,656,679]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC605FF7A65B4FE6BE923" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A65B4FE6BE923" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF7A65B4FE84E8D7" bold="true" box="[199,295,691,716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FE9265B2FDA9E8D7" box="[303,522,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baruensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FE9265B2FDA9E8D7" box="[303,522,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synergus baruensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an inquiline inhabiting galls of an undescribed cynipid species that are provisionally attributed here to the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FD9265DFFD0DE8EB" box="[559,686,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FD9265DFFD09E8EB" box="[559,682,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Callirhytis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The galls are grown on the leaves and buds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FB7D65DFFA37E8EB" box="[1216,1428,728,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FB7D65DFFA37E8EB" box="[1216,1428,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being integral and plurilocular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FE4165FBFDEDE90F" box="[508,590,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[183,1418,151,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[183,1419,143,1939]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) Amphibolips castroviejoi. (B) Andricus championi. (C) Trigonaspis sp. indet., female?. (D) Andricus guatemalensis. (E) Neuroterus sp. nov. (F) gen. sp. indet. (G) Callirhytis sp. nov. (H) Disholcaspis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276897/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Both the host galls and the inquiline cynipid seem to be common in the Chiriquí region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFCC605FED56426FE66E923" box="[360,453,801,824]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |