222 lines
31 KiB
XML
222 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="3935B958D4881BD3B39DD0C3EF4EE6CF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFF7C60DFF2A64A8FB39EE43" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus laticephalus Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="91EEF7474A3DEB6FF28C1B33B0610A5B">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5BACD0084556A0A16709CAE0FA9512FB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F89C006651FA4CD10A6F6E28CB4509E5">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E715C27F946004DCCED37CE804A01193" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B3417F9379470F346DF4F884C1B1C706">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="91B9E77977B9218A79206B67407CD6DC">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4C8C57419605E53675DC99A47B35B980">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CB75E2E6DDBFCDDA393C424A57844F80">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="14B7F227A0A63D9BC587B283D07656F4">
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<mods:date id="D9872396C82BE5E4A9EA7F14E56E3066">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8E1DB537EDA6617A18482761103EB238" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6928B69B8015B22BEFB8CEE738FDD1DF">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F52809E56AFC9237615E3AF8E1AFB321">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F061BDDBD655DAAE453C1ED122D11B6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F2AF345EF3D91373273EAA40CAA2E211" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="27A30E3F6E4D35272D44FFD562977FC1" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F3FFF7C60DFF2A64A8FB39EE43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFF7C60DFF2A64A8FB39EE43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFF7C60DFF2A64A8FB39EE43" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60EFF2A64A8FD53E9F1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF2A64A8FCCEE9D2" blockId="5.[151,877,943,1002]" box="[151,877,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0FA8189FFF7C60EFF2A64A8FCCEE9D2" bold="true" box="[151,877,943,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF2A64A8FCCEE9D2" bold="true" box="[151,877,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFF2A64A8FCABE9D2" authority="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" box="[151,776,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticephalus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF2A64A8FE03E9D2" bold="true" box="[151,416,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Synergus laticephalus</emphasis>
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Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFF7C60EFCAD64A8FCCEE9D2" box="[784,877,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF2A64D5FD53E9F1" blockId="5.[151,877,943,1002]" box="[151,752,978,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFF2264D5FF49E9F1" box="[159,234,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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B, 3C, 5B, 7E, 8B, 10E, 13B, 15B, 17A, 18C)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60EFF2A631CFAAAEED9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF2A631CFE66EE85" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF2A631CFEEAEE28" bold="true" box="[151,329,1050,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF7C60EFF2A631CFF71EE28" box="[151,210,1051,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF7C60EFEE8631DFE1EEE29" box="[341,445,1050,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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̩ (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFE4F631DFDE4EE29" box="[498,583,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 18. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans, female. (B) Synergus elegans, male. (C) Synergus laticephalus, female. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus, female (E) Synergus ramoni, male. (F) Synergus ramoni, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276894/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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C) (in
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF7C60EFD24631DFD53EE29" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[665,752,1050,1074]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNCN</collectionCode>
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, Madrid,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF7C60EFCD8631DFC0AEE29" box="[869,937,1050,1074]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spain</collectingCountry>
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), card-mounted. Cat. nº 2096).
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF7C60EFAA3631CFA3BEE28" box="[1310,1432,1051,1075]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Boquete, El Salto,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE395022FFF7C60EFE6E6339FD22EE4D" box="[467,641,1086,1110]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="8.792245">8º 47' 32.08” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE395022FFF7C60EFD316339FCE8EE4D" box="[652,843,1086,1110]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-82.4603">82º 27' 37.09” W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF7C60EFCEB6339FC17EE4D" box="[854,948,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4309999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1431.0">1,431 m</quantity>
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; ex gall of an unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFF406364FD2CEE61" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[253,655,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF406364FE77EE60" box="[253,468,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
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Née (Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFD1D6365FD57EE61" box="[672,756,1122,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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G), gall collected
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<date id="FFB31025FFF7C60EFC7C6365FBE0EE61" box="[961,1091,1122,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2008-07-19">19.vii.2008</date>
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, E. Medianero leg.
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF7C60EFA9A6364FA3BEE60" box="[1319,1432,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 4̩, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF7C60EFEE16381FE1DEE85" box="[348,446,1158,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A63ADFAAAEED9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" box="[199,1289,1194,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Additionally, 1̩
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF7C60EFE3663ACFE48EED8" box="[395,491,1195,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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of the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF7C60EFD8463ACFDCAEED8" box="[569,617,1195,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
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series was dissected for SEM observations (in the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF7C60EFB1E63ADFB5FEED9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1187,1276,1194,1218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNCN</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60EFF7A63C8FCF5EEFD" box="[199,854,1230,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A63C8FCF5EEFD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" box="[199,854,1230,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A63C8FEE5EEFC" bold="true" box="[199,326,1231,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Named after the short, wide shape of its head.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60EFF7A63F5FB5AEF81" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A63F5FB5AEF81" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A63F5FE5AEF10" bold="true" box="[199,505,1266,1291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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This species is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFCC063F4FC53EF10" box="[893,1008,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFCC063F4FC53EF10" box="[893,1008,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, being similar in color, habitus and a majority of its morphological characters. It differs with respect to a more transverse head in dorsal view, which is more than 2.5 times as wide as long; POL about 1.2 as long as OOL and OOL more than two times the diameter of a lateral ocellus. Notauli are percurrent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFDC96258FCBAEF6D" box="[628,793,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticephalus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFDC96258FCBAEF6D" box="[628,793,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. laticephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore, F1 is as long as F2, while it is longer than F
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF7C60EFF1A6285FF72EF81" box="[167,209,1410,1434]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFF656284FEEAEF80" box="[216,329,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF656284FEEAEF80" box="[216,329,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the malar distance is as long as the eye (0.6 times as long as eye in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFBCA6284FB4BEF80" box="[1143,1256,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFBCA6284FB4BEF80" box="[1143,1256,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60DFF7A62A1FB6CE9DC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A62A1FB17EFA5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" box="[199,1204,1446,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A62A1FEFAEFA4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1446,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF7C60EFE4D62A1FDF7EFA5" box="[496,596,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.64" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.64">2.64 mm</quantity>
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(range 2.53–2.77; N = 5) for females. Male unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A62CDFC79EC31" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Head yellow-red with frons and vertex medially and occiput black. Mesosoma black; metasoma dorsally black, and reddish ventrally; tegulae yellow. Antenna dirty yellowish; legs entirely yellowish, excepting metacoxae with reddish coloration basally. Forewing hyaline, with dirty yellow veins.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A6130FE8DED88" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A6130FEBDEC54" bold="true" box="[199,286,1591,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Female</emphasis>
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. Head in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFD9F6131FDC7EC55" box="[546,612,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1413,1436]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,196,1391]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1392]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head dorsal view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus laticephalus. (D) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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C) 2.7 times wider than long. Gena not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.2 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 2.3 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFEE06179FE3DEC8D" box="[349,414,1662,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B) wide, trapezoid, 1.4 times wider than high, genae straight, not expanded. Face weakly pubescent. Face with marked, regular, irradiating carinae from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; laterally to the toruli some rugae extended dorsally towards frons; the carinae are present laterally and medially on the face. Ventral margin of clypeus sinuate, slightly not projecting over mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFB5361EDFA8EED19" box="[1262,1325,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Malar space as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between antennal rim and compound eye as wide as antennal socket including rim. Frons alutaceous, not punctuate, without visible frontal carinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFEF46051FE30ED75" box="[329,403,1878,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 3C). Vertex and occiput without rugae or punctures. Head posterior view and mouthparts as
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF08607CFE8DED88" box="[181,302,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFF08607CFE89ED88" box="[181,298,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">S. elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60DFF7A6098FDCEEACF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1050,2010]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Antenna with 14 segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFD856099FD2AEDAD" box="[568,649,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B); flagellum filiform. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 23:13:26:26:22:20:17:16:14:14:12:12:12:20; Pedicel 1.8 as long as wide; F1 as long as F2. Ultimate flagellomere 2.8 times longer than wide, 1.6 times as long as F11. Placodeal sensillae on F8–F11 disposed in one single row of 2–4 visible sensillae in each flagellomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A67E7FE08E80C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Mesosoma. Pronotum with lateral margins rounded, without a lateral pronotal carina. Lateral surface of pronotum with coriarious sculpture. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFD2B6603FD79EB07" box="[662,730,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B) with weak coriarious-alutaceous-sculpture. Notauli percurrent, well impressed but narrow, posteriorly not wider than transscutal fissure; not strongly converging posteriorly, widely separated at meeting with the trasscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression invisible, at most indicated as an obsolete median depression. Anteroadmedian signa scarcely visible. Scutellar foveae superficial, smooth, quadrangular, posterior margins indistinct. Scutellum with coriarious sculpture and some transversal rugae visible; dorsal surface with a distinct sharp margin posteriorly and posterolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFBB666B0FBFFEBD4" box="[1035,1116,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 10E). Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFAD366B0FF10EBEF" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
E) with weak longitudinal, regular striae, the interspaces smooth, not extended ventrally and dorsolaterally, at the speculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFE8666F8FE2FE80C" box="[315,396,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A6523FF48E844" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Metapectal-propodeal complex as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFDD56522FD79E827" box="[616,730,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFDD56522FD79E827" box="[616,730,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, subparallel, slightly curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A656AFF7BE8BC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Legs. Tarsal claw with base produced into a secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/3 of length of apical tooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A65B3FE69E923" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFEFC65B3FE30E8D7" box="[321,403,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Slightly longer than body. Radial cell 2.4 times longer than wide. R1 depigmented along margin of radial cell, the radial cell appearing ambiguously closed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFC3765D0FC79E8F4" box="[906,986,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
A); radius more heavily pigmented; areolet indistinct; vein Rs+M invisible. Basal cell with dense, closely spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a moderately long fringe of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A6442FB6CE9DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFEF66443FE3FE947" box="[331,412,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus rufinotaulis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276889/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B). As long as head plus mesosoma. First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally and laterally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, smooth and shining, without micropunctures, covering almost the entire metasoma; anteromedian area only with a row of 5–7 setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine not quite extended beyond attachment of lateral flap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFD3964A8FD75E9DC" box="[644,726,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hypopygium ventral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus luteus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus mesoamericanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B); apical setae projected beyond apex spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF4C60DFF7A64D4FB39E9F7" box="[199,1178,979,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A64D4FB39E9F7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[199,1178,979,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF7A64D4FEC3E9F7" bold="true" box="[199,352,979,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Found at a single site near Boquete (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFD4264D3FCFFE9F7" box="[767,860,980,1004]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chiriqui), altitude
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF4C60DFB8A64D3FB35E9F7" box="[1079,1174,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1400.0">1,400 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF4C60DFF7A64F0FB39EE43" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A64F0FB39EE43" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF7A64F0FE84EE0B" bold="true" box="[199,295,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species was reared from unidentified galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFC2464FFFBCEEE0B" box="[921,1133,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFC2464FFFBCEEE0B" box="[921,1133,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFBC164F0FA95EE14" authority="Lobata" authorityName="Lobata" box="[1148,1334,1015,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus, Lobata</taxonomicName>
|
||
section). The host gall is irregularly spherical on twigs, falling to the ground when mature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF4C60DFB97631BFBDEEE2F" box="[1066,1149,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Unfortunately the gall inducer host cynipid was not reared and could not been identified, even to the generic level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |