233 lines
29 KiB
XML
233 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="9A1866D8587E5A8EEA8E6C61D2E39C26" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFF4C60CFF2A63ABFB84EEDF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus mesoamericanus Ritchie & Shorthouse 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3DF327AE7D3BB9FA9BBD58C6ECABD5B7">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58D6C3C187E4E1799F45A3EE0CECEACD">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="113A5DD34D2EEDDCAE586ACB835C6007">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EC7A7E035E79F74AEEA28CFF31CBFFCD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3CF89B484AB88838F1ECBD6435CA3149">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD8754E3B2161B9FAF20E9B0A4151C0D">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D61CD40168768311DB72091BAABE9DB6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F3FFF4C60CFF2A63ABFB84EEDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189356" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189356" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFF4C60CFF2A63ABFB84EEDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFF4C60CFF2A63ABFB84EEDF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF4C60DFF2A63ABFE1BEEFD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF2A63ABFC9AEEDE" blockId="6.[151,825,1195,1254]" box="[151,825,1195,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0FA8189FFF4C60DFF2A63ABFC9AEEDE" bold="true" box="[151,825,1195,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFF2A63ABFC9AEEDE" authority="Ritchie & Shorthouse, 1987" authorityName="Ritchie & Shorthouse" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,825,1195,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF2A63ABFC9AEEDE" bold="true" box="[151,825,1195,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF2A63ABFE7AEEDD" bold="true" box="[151,473,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Synergus mesoamericanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF4C60DFE5C63ACFC9AEEDE" author="Ritchie" box="[481,825,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ritchie, A. J. & Shorthouse, J. D. (1987) A review of the species of Synergus from Guatemala, with notes on Cynips guatemalensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89 (2), 230 - 241." type="journal article" year="1987">Ritchie & Shorthouse, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF2A63C8FE1BEEFD" blockId="6.[151,825,1195,1254]" box="[151,440,1230,1254]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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New record from
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFEE263C8FE1BEEFD" box="[351,440,1231,1254]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF4C60DFF2A6211FD43EF6D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF2A6211FD43EF6D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1302,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF2A6211FEC7EF34" bold="true" box="[151,356,1302,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Studied material.</emphasis>
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33, 6Ƥ, Chiriquí, Boquete, road to Volcancito,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF4C60DFCC36211FC78EF35" box="[894,987,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1450.0">1,450 m</quantity>
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, ex gall
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFB876211FA3FEF35" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[1082,1436,1302,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFB876211FAB8EF35" box="[1082,1307,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Andricus championi</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFA976211FA37EF35" box="[1322,1428,1302,1326]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFF07623CFE05EF48" box="[186,422,1339,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF07623CFE05EF48" box="[186,422,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFB31025FFF4C60DFE09623DFD94EF49" box="[436,567,1338,1362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2008-12-31">31.xii.2008</date>
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. E. Medianero leg. 2Ƥ Volcán Barú,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF4C60DFC6E623DFBD8EF49" box="[979,1147,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="2750.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2500.0">2,500–3,000 m</quantity>
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ex gall
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFB69623CFE98EF6D" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFB69623CFF18EF6D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Andricus championi</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFF746259FE90EF6D" box="[201,307,1374,1398]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFED86258FDFBEF6D" box="[357,600,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFED86258FDF7EF6D" box="[357,596,1374,1398]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">Quercus bumelioides</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<date id="FFB31025FFF4C60DFDE26259FD7FEF6D" box="[607,732,1374,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2008-06-16">16-vi.2008</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF4C60DFF7A6285FCE9EC69" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A6285FCE9EC69" blockId="6.[151,1437,1302,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF7A6285FE57EF80" bold="true" box="[199,500,1410,1435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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As in the case of the group composed of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFC036284FB8CEF80" box="[958,1071,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFC036284FB8CEF80" box="[958,1071,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFBD96284FAACEF80" box="[1124,1295,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFBD96284FAA8EF80" box="[1124,1291,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticephalus">S. laticephalus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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this species, together with the new species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFE5A62A0FDF7EFA5" box="[487,596,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramoni">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFE5A62A0FDF7EFA5" box="[487,596,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. ramoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, forms a clearly differentiated group, easily distinguished from the remaining
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFF7F62CCFE8BEFF9" box="[194,296,1483,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF7F62CCFE8BEFF9" box="[194,296,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Synergus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFE7B62CCFD81EFF9" box="[454,546,1483,1506]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. Distinguishing characters include frontal carinae being indistinct, obscured by very irregular and branched interrupted rugae; facial striae irregularly sinuate, branched near the ventral margin eyes; antennae with F1 1.5 times as long as F
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF4C60DFD2C6115FD1FEC31" box="[657,700,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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both sexes and F
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF4C60DFC3C6115FC0BEC31" box="[897,936,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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males strongly expanded apically; basal cell of the forewing densely setose with veins being darkly pigmented and metasomal T2+3 not punctate posteriorly. The body coloration is predominantly red, red-black or black.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF4C60CFF7A6178FE1AEE43" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60DFF7A6178FAB9ED19" blockId="6.[151,1437,1302,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFF7A6178FE03EC8D" box="[199,416,1663,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFF7A6178FE03EC8D" box="[199,416,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mesoamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from materials reared from large tuberose galls collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFB436179FAD4EC8D" box="[1278,1399,1662,1686]" name="Guatemala" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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by Kinsey (assigned the name “
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFE6761A4FD9BECA0" box="[474,568,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brelandi</emphasis>
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” in their manuscript).
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF4C60DFC8461A4FCD2ECA0" box="[825,881,1699,1723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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material of the gall inducer insect was examined by us and corresponds to a species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFD8461C1FD3DECC5" box="[569,670,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFD8461C1FD3DECC5" box="[569,670,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Andricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Nieves-Aldrey, unpublished). The galls of “
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFB2861C1FB50ECC5" box="[1173,1267,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">brelandi</emphasis>
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” are, however, similar to the galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFE3161ECFD4CED19" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[396,751,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFE3161ECFDCDED18" box="[396,622,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Andricus championi</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF4C60DFDC061EDFD44ED19" box="[637,743,1770,1794]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from which the Panamanian material was reared.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF4C60CFF7A6009FE65EACF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1302,2010]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF4C60DFF476008FE89ED3C" box="[250,298,1807,1831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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material of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF4C60DFE0E6008FD28ED3D" box="[435,651,1807,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF4C60DFE0E6008FD28ED3D" box="[435,651,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mesoamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was examined by the first author (see also
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF4C60DFBC86009FAFDED3D" author="Nieves-Aldrey" box="[1141,1374,1806,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2005) Notes on the Neotropical species of Synergus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae), with description of a new species from Colombia. Canadian Entomologist, 137, 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="2005">Nieves-Aldrey 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The Panamanian specimens differ from the Guatemalan specimens in their relatively larger size, longer radial cell and the R1 vein being more pigmented along the margin of the forewing, the radial cell appearing unambiguously closed, differently than previously stated in the diagnosis of the species (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF4C60DFC7A607DFB5CED89" author="Ritchie" box="[967,1279,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ritchie, A. J. & Shorthouse, J. D. (1987) A review of the species of Synergus from Guatemala, with notes on Cynips guatemalensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89 (2), 230 - 241." type="journal article" year="1987">Ritchie & Shorthouse 1987</bibRefCitation>
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||
). For this reason, we do not discard the possibility that our Panamanian specimen materials could correspond to a different closely related species. We prefer not to describe the material as new until further comparisons are made with freshly collected materials from the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFD91679FFDFFEAAB" box="[556,604,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
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locality in
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFD666790FCF4EAB4" box="[731,855,151,175]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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, which could elucidate this question in the future. Additional descriptive data
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A67D8FD18EBB6" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Female (habitus,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFE3567D8FE7AEAEC" box="[392,473,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 18. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans, female. (B) Synergus elegans, male. (C) Synergus laticephalus, female. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus, female (E) Synergus ramoni, male. (F) Synergus ramoni, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Head in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFD4E67D8FC96EAEC" box="[755,821,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1413,1436]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,196,1391]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1392]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head dorsal view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus laticephalus. (D) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276879/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E) 2 times as wide as long; genae not expanded behind compound eye. POL 0.9 as OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 1.9 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFEEB6620FE37EB24" box="[342,404,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D) 1.2 times wider than high. Facial carinae reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; dorsally extended to frons and branched near margin compound eye. Ventral margin of clypeus straight. Frons with irregular branched frontal carinae reaching ocelli, grosere piliferous punctures present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFAD76668FF01EBB7" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 3E). Vertex and occiput without some rugae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A66B0FA91EBEF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Female antenna with 14 segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFDE966B0FD34EBD4" box="[596,663,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Pedicel 1.3 as long as wide; F1 1.5 times as long as F2. Ultimate flagellomere 1.8 times as long as F11. F1 of male curved in de middle and moderately expanded apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6507FD01E90F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Pronotum without a lateral pronotal carina. Lateral surface of pronotum with rugose sculpture. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFF226523FF40E827" box="[159,227,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E) with transverse, undulate, interrupted rugae. Notauli percurrent, convergent posteriorly and wider than transscutal fissure; narrowly separated at meeting with the trasscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression present, extending anteriorly about 2/3 of length of mesoscutum. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, anterior margins widely divergent from the trasscutal fissure, posterior margins indistinct. Scutellum not margined laterally, with rugose sculpture. Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFE1365B3FE5DE8D7" box="[430,510,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with strong longitudinal, irregular striae, the striated sculpture extended into the speculum; coriarious sculpture visible in the interspaces, anterodorsally and ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, slightly convergent posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6418FF7BE947" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Tarsal claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFEE86418FE06E92C" box="[341,421,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Metatarsal claws of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with base produced into a secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/2 of length of apical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6460FE9CE9D3" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFEFC6460FE31E964" box="[321,402,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Veins of radial cell well pigmented, the radial cell appearing unambiguously closed areolet distinct; vein Rs+M visible. Basal cell with dense, closely spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a short fringe of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A64D2FE1AEE43" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFEF164D3FE3DE9F7" box="[332,414,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus rufinotaulis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276889/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, smooth and shining, without micropunctures, covering almost 2/3 of metasoma; anteromedian area with a group of setae extending towards dorsal region of targeted. Projecting part of hypopygial spine quite extended beyond attachment of lateral flap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFB81631BFB2DEE2F" box="[1084,1166,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hypopygium ventral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus luteus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus mesoamericanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
F); apical setae not projected beyond apex spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C60CFF7A6364FB1EEE67" box="[199,1213,1123,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6364FB1EEE67" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" box="[199,1213,1123,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF7A6364FEC3EE67" bold="true" box="[199,352,1123,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded previously from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFD296363FCAEEE67" box="[660,781,1124,1148]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
and now from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFC056362FBB2EE67" box="[952,1041,1125,1148]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Volcán Barú).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C60CFF7A6380FB84EEDF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6380FB84EEDF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF7A6380FE84EEBB" bold="true" box="[199,295,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The available biological data indicate that this species is a specialist inquiline associated with large tuberose galls induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF5C60CFE0663ABFD83EEDF" box="[443,544,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFE0663ABFD83EEDF" box="[443,544,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFD2163AAFD56EEDF" box="[668,757,1197,1220]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFC9663ABFC07EEDF" box="[811,932,1196,1220]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFC0E63ABFBA5EEDF" box="[947,1030,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[183,1418,151,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[183,1419,143,1939]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) Amphibolips castroviejoi. (B) Andricus championi. (C) Trigonaspis sp. indet., female?. (D) Andricus guatemalensis. (E) Neuroterus sp. nov. (F) gen. sp. indet. (G) Callirhytis sp. nov. (H) Disholcaspis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276897/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |