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<document id="9BC476943A10C495F2470E535A7962FD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13222808" ID-ISSN="2189-6720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13222808" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721319070046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J., Miller, Shawn &amp; Lim, Shu Yong" docDate="2022" docId="03A48798FF927B27FC4CF907FEDD6C4D" docLanguage="en" docName="BullKanagawaPrefectMus.51.95-104.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51" docStyle="DocumentStyle:020B98DC1285EBBD02620724ECB44EDE.1:BullKanagawaPrefectMus.2013-.journal_article.english" docStyleId="020B98DC1285EBBD02620724ECB44EDE" docStyleName="BullKanagawaPrefectMus.2013-.journal_article.english" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Amynthas kume Blakemore &amp; Miller &amp; Lim 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B43023A4-23C3-4074-8F11-AFF4AE9891F4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FF9DFFE0FF927B24FF8EFFD0FFAC6841" masterDocTitle="Two New Species of Japanese Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae) Update Biodiversity on Okinawa and at Lake Biwa to ca. 30 Species" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1722868616022" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="5A67A2B3371C6FA16423E3EE42D6E1B9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8FDC32040531B83A266EF54DB41E82D9">
<mods:title id="17539984118987F9248D0B6F9FA43429">Two New Species of Japanese Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae) Update Biodiversity on Okinawa and at Lake Biwa to ca. 30 Species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D1C866C9DE723E6FFC84D51AEF79EFCF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9E99D9E1731C79922F38C40D5D0B85CB">
<mods:roleTerm id="10A243A4A3E3CE25EEF833D54274B6F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5E823898D0FDB5572208830BC06AC039">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8CCCC3E6D39FA211731C56F61115B64A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="193808EBF40A45AED5FA78F9E65A3B03">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BE48F9AB3430A49C4620E1543EAFBC69">Miller, Shawn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C750563DF6C20D864A971D390F44D487" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E565B44D80AAA7026819BF583F924C5A">
<mods:roleTerm id="ADF076290925BF72AF4EB2C668B599F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C372A2ED3627E9EA5F1BBD1260CA16D3">Lim, Shu Yong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="92BD8A740052B030D8B6ACE4DC560886">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B2D0824903CD6EE9B2712199B022DA8E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E08C8F83B4BC6B04E5A9D484B25E4EA8">
<mods:title id="A7EAA4AC60265492708A13808FF6A101">Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AC72162B5C74F88168A78BF2C975BF88">
<mods:date id="2B100AD04EEFD80367819C7F70E0BCBC">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BF98F96EF5CDB9846E8922F7305A9787" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B087B7B578CC0C83DC35234E97904B0B">2022-03-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="03D739A8DC5D26B5D032B3A6AC29DA6C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="67F0E468D5DCF63368D850AF3FC4B5FD">51</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FAC36E1AE355AB94B18AC135FCB07FFD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FE11639B2A9F5D6CF593644B092D5AB1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13222808</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="621500E6ED36D31F3D2A6E77C2D14D70" type="ISSN">2189-6720</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DEEED33B9CE58207B888AB12FE518E70" type="Zenodo-Dep">13222808</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="04B8D65AC6A9A27961A21F0FCF302A97" type="ZooBank">977BA713-4F9D-4E15-AFA5-86B5DF36E2AB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A48798FF927B27FC4CF907FEDD6C4D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B43023A4-23C3-4074-8F11-AFF4AE9891F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48798FF927B27FC4CF907FEDD6C4D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="C3176505FF927B24FC4CF907FAEE6EB1" box="[962,1346,1751,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF927B24FC4CF907FAEE6EB1" blockId="0.[962,1346,1751,1776]" box="[962,1346,1751,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D0FA81E2FF927B24FC4CF907FAEE6EB1" box="[962,1346,1751,1776]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF927B24FC4CF907FAEE6EB1" bold="true" box="[962,1346,1751,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF927B24FC4CF907FB456EB1" ID-CoL="8ZDZM" authority="Blakemore" authorityName="Blakemore &amp; Miller &amp; Lim" authorityYear="2022" box="[962,1257,1751,1776]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kume" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF927B24FC4CF907FBC16EAE" bold="true" box="[962,1133,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Amynthas kume</emphasis>
Blakemore
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E7FF927B24FB7DF908FAEE6EB1" box="[1267,1346,1752,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176505FF927B24FCE5F8F5FAA16FCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF927B24FCE5F8F5FAA16FCA" blockId="0.[850,1437,1829,2087]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF927B24FCE5F8F5FC426F7C" bold="true" box="[875,1006,1829,1853]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Distribution</emphasis>
: Mt Aratake, Kumejima Island,
<collectingRegion id="49C9F86CFF927B24FAB5F8F5FA356F7C" box="[1339,1433,1829,1853]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31A761EFF927B24FCDCF89DFC206F25" box="[850,908,1869,1892]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE395049FF927B24FC12F89CFB856F25" box="[924,1065,1868,1892]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" precision="1" seconds="38.3" value="26.310638">26°18'38.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE395049FF927B24FBBEF89CFB646F25" box="[1072,1224,1868,1892]" degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" precision="1" seconds="15.0" value="126.7875">126°47'15.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
); also reported from Mt Daruma by S. Miller (RJB pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176505FF927B24FCE5F84AFBD46F98" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF927B24FCE5F84AFBD46F98" blockId="0.[850,1437,1829,2087]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF927B24FCE5F84AFC4C6FF3" bold="true" box="[875,992,1946,1970]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Etymology</emphasis>
: The species name is derived from its island location (noun in apposition).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176505FF927B26FCE5F838FCA86E89" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF927B26FCE5F838FCA86E89" blockId="0.[850,1437,1829,2087]" lastBlockId="2.[189,775,1596,2087]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF927B24FCE5F838FBEB6041" bold="true" box="[875,1095,2024,2048]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Material examined</emphasis>
(see
<figureCitation id="13362A0BFF927B24FB0AF838FB436041" box="[1156,1263,2024,2048]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[209,243,953,975]" captionStartId-1="2.[214,248,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox-0="[246,1369,253,856]" captionTargetBox-1="[233,696,1099,1448]" captionTargetId-0="figure-364@2.[189,1436,151,936]" captionTargetId-1="figure-365@2.[214,720,1047,1454]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig.3. Amynthas kume sp. nov. from Kumejima Island (photo courtesy of Shawn Miller)." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Amynthas kume sp. nov. Holotype sketch with spermathecae and caecum." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222814" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222816" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13222814/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13222816/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
):
<materialsCitation id="3B653CD3FF927B26FA8AF838FCAF6E15" collectingDate="2015-01-11" collectionCode="LBM, KPMNH" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B6882CFF927B24FA8AF838FAC46041" box="[1284,1384,2024,2048]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(H),
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE4BFF927B24FCDCF7DFFC216067" box="[850,909,2063,2086]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pcbg-hhf5" name="Lake Biwa Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">LBM</collectionCode>
FY
<date id="FFB3104EFF927B24FC4EF7DFFB9C6066" box="[960,1072,2063,2087]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" value="2015-01-11">
<collectingDate id="EFF7E9A6FF927B24FC4EF7DFFB9C6066" box="[960,1072,2063,2087]" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" value="2015-01-11">2015-11-1</collectingDate>
</date>
mature, dissected (DNA tissue samples #K3-5.1, #K5.2 re-sent to DNA lab via
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE4BFF907B26FD15F9ECFD506E15" box="[667,764,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">KPMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="54B6882CFF907B26FF33F9B3FEB96E3A" box="[189,277,1635,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
1 (P1) FY
<date id="FFB3104EFF907B26FE0BF9B2FE466E3B" box="[389,490,1634,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" value="2015-02-11">2015-11-2</date>
(DNA #K1);
<materialsCitation id="3B653CD3FF907B26FDF6F9B3FCAC6E89" collectionCode="RJB" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54B6882CFF907B26FDF6F9B3FD756E3A" box="[632,729,1635,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
2–3 (P2–4) FY20015-11-3–4; all collected 15th Feb., 2016 (by
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE4BFF907B26FF33F961FF466E88" box="[189,234,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">RJB</collectionCode>
) from under forest litter or logs beside mountain road
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF726606FF937B25FF13FBDFFC206C64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13222810" box="[157,908,1039,1061]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13222810/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="96" startId="1.[157,191,1039,1061]" targetBox="[151,1398,151,1019]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF937B25FF13FBDFFC206C64" blockId="1.[157,908,1039,1061]" box="[157,908,1039,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="96">Fig. 1. Mystery luminescent Kumejima Island earthworm (photo: Shawn Miller).</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF726606FF937B25FF2FF8A4FC6D6FCB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13222812" box="[161,961,1908,1930]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13222812/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="96" startId="1.[161,195,1908,1930]" targetBox="[151,1398,1123,1885]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF937B25FF2FF8A4FC6D6FCB" blockId="1.[161,961,1908,1930]" box="[161,961,1908,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="96">Fig. 2. Satellite image of Kumejima with collection sites (Wiki Commons: ISS049.jpg).</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF726606FF907B26FF5FFC69FC526B8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13222814" box="[209,1022,952,975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13222814/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" startId="2.[209,243,953,975]" targetBox="[246,1369,253,856]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF907B26FF5FFC69FC526B8E" blockId="2.[209,1022,952,975]" box="[209,1022,952,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
Fig. 3.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FE9EFC68FE0C6B8C" authorityName="Blakemore &amp; Miller &amp; Lim" authorityYear="2022" box="[272,416,952,973]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kume" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FE9EFC68FE0C6B8C" box="[272,416,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Amynthas kume</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E7FF907B26FE2BFC69FE406B8F" box="[421,492,953,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Kumejima Island (photo courtesy of Shawn Miller).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF726606FF907B26FF58FA11FE5E6DB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13222816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13222816/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" startId="2.[214,248,1473,1495]" targetBox="[233,696,1099,1448]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF907B26FF58FA11FE5E6DB7" blockId="2.[214,721,1472,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
Fig. 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FE92FA10FE1C6D94" authorityName="Blakemore &amp; Miller &amp; Lim" authorityYear="2022" box="[284,432,1472,1493]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kume" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FE92FA10FE1C6D94" box="[284,432,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Amynthas kume</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E7FF907B26FE38FA11FDAC6D97" box="[438,512,1473,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype sketch with spermathecae and caecum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3176505FF907B26FF5BF907FB266D5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF907B26FF5BF907FB266D5D" blockId="2.[189,775,1596,2087]" lastBlockId="2.[850,1438,1051,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FF5BF907FECF6EAE" bold="true" box="[213,355,1751,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Description</emphasis>
: Large and brown with yellow/buff intersegmental bands (i.e., striped). Lengths, H 190+
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FD31F92FFCAB6F57" box="[703,775,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
(posterior amputee =
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FE1DF8F5FE476F7C" box="[403,491,1829,1853]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
); P
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FD81F8F5FDD66F7C" box="[527,634,1829,1853]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="1220.0">1, 220 mm</quantity>
; P
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FD1AF8F5FCAE6F7C" box="[660,770,1829,1853]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.205" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="2205.0">2, 205 mm</quantity>
; P
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FF40F89CFEE96F25" box="[206,325,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3190.0">3, 190 mm</quantity>
. Prostomium epi-lobous. First dorsal pore 11/12. Setae about 60 on segment 12. Spermathecal pores in line with male pores four pairs in 5/6/7/8/
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FD15F84AFD686FF3" box="[667,708,1946,1970]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
semicircular pits. Clitellum 14–16. Female pore on 14. Male pores superficial in small circular patches on 18 with about 14 (H) or 12 (P1) setae intervening between pores. No genital markings (GMs) found. Septa 8/9/10 absent around muscular gizzard in 8. Spermathecae four pairs in 6–9 each with single diverticulum about as long as ampulla. Seminal vesicles in 11 and 12. Ovaries and last hearts in 13. Small ovisacs in 14. Intestine from 15. Racemose prostates in 18. Intestinal caeca smooth and simple in 27–24. No glands found near spermathecal pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176505FF907B27FCE5FAFBFEDD6C4D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF907B26FCE5FAFBFA266FBE" blockId="2.[850,1438,1051,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FCE5FAFBFC736D02" bold="true" box="[875,991,1323,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Other megascolecid species currently reported from Okinawan Islands with four pairs of spermathecae in segments 5/6/7/8/9 are exotic
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FACAFAA9FBDA6DF9" authority="(Kinberg, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amythas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FACAFAA9FC006DF9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Amythas corticis</emphasis>
(Kinberg, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
species-complex and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FA0AFA70FB736D9E" authority="(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amythas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="micronarius">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FA0AFA70FC706D9E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">A. micronarius</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
parthenogenetic species-complex with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FBD4FA3EFA376E47" authority="(Ohfuchi, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Ohfuchi" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1114,1435,1518,1542]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amythas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FBD4FA3EFB796E47" box="[1114,1237,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">A. obtusus</emphasis>
(Ohfuchi, 1957)
</taxonomicName>
currently in its synonymy (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF907B26FB21F9C5FAD76E6C" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[1199,1403,1557,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" refId="ref4346" refString="Blakemore, R. J., 2012 a. New earthworms from NIBR Jeju-do biosphere compared to historical and new Japanese types (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research, 1 (2): 133 - 115." type="journal volume" year="2012">Blakemore, 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 2020). All these taxa have genital markings (GMs). A recent taxon on Okinawa Island is
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FB47F9B3FBA06EE3" authority="Azama &amp; Ishizuka, 2018" authorityName="Azama &amp; Ishizuka" authorityYear="2018" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amythas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cucurbita">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FB47F9B3FAE16E3A" box="[1225,1357,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">A. cucurbita</emphasis>
Azama &amp; Ishizuka, 2018
</taxonomicName>
(emend.) that, however, is smaller at &lt;
<quantity id="4CF59B6BFF907B26FCEFF960FC016E89" box="[865,941,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
and also has markings around its male pores. Quadrithecate
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FC7DF907FA306EAE" authority="(Ohfuchi, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Ohfuchi" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1011,1436,1751,1775]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FC7DF907FB4F6EAE" box="[1011,1251,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Metaphire riukiuensis</emphasis>
(Ohfuchi, 1957)
</taxonomicName>
has seminal grooves in 17–19 amongst other differences while the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FC4BF8F6FA9B6F7C" authority="(Michaelsen, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[965,1335,1829,1853]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FC4BF8F6FBFF6F7C" box="[965,1107,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">M. formosae</emphasis>
(Michaelsen, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
group is mainly from
<collectingCountry id="F31A761EFF907B26FC6EF89CFB826F25" box="[992,1070,1868,1892]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and adjacent islands. The present specimens thus appear unique to Kumejima representing a new species. It is unusual for an
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FB22F84AFABE6FF3" box="[1196,1298,1946,1970]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FB22F84AFABE6FF3" box="[1196,1298,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Amynthas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to lack GMs, a trait more common to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF907B26FBEAF811FB796F98" authorityName="Sims &amp; Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[1124,1237,1985,2009]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF907B26FBEAF811FB796F98" box="[1124,1237,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that typically has fewer spermathecae and eversible penes to compensate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368EFF907B27FCE5F7DFFEDD6C4D" blockId="2.[850,1438,1051,2087]" lastBlockId="3.[151,742,155,1036]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
Other earthworms found on the island in this study were the exotic lumbricid of American origin:
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF917B27FD0DFF4CFE3A689B" authority="(Eisen, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Eisen" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Bimastos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FD0DFF4CFF4B689B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Bimastos parvus</emphasis>
(Eisen, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
(LBM FY
<date id="FFB3104EFF917B27FD90FF12FD38689B" box="[542,660,194,218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" value="2015-05-11">2015-11-5</date>
) from Gushikawa Castle, Kumejima collected 16th Feb., 2016 from under rocks as a new record for
<collectingRegion id="49C9F86CFF917B27FD98FEC0FDDD6969" box="[534,625,272,296]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
(published in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FF38FEE7FE29690E" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[182,389,311,335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref4628" refString="Blakemore, R. J., 2016 a. Eco-taxonomic profile and mtDNA barcode of Metaphire megascolidioides (Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899) - a megadrile earthworm from Japan, plus taxonomic miscellany. VermEcology Occasional Papers (Veop), 1 (1): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2016">Blakemore, 2016a</bibRefCitation>
), and Asiatic exotic
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF917B27FDE0FEE7FE236937" authority="(Perrier, 1875)" authorityName="Iedze" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bicincta">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FDE0FEE7FF406937" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Pithemera bicincta</emphasis>
(Perrier, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(LBM FY
<date id="FFB3104EFF917B27FD8BFE8EFDDF6937" box="[517,627,350,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" value="2015-06-11">2015-11–6</date>
providing tissue samples #K2 &amp; K6 – KPM-NJL 82) that had been previously reported from
<collectingRegion id="49C9F86CFF917B27FE2FFE7CFDAC6985" box="[417,512,428,452]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
, not least by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FD03FE7CFEB769AB" author="Ohfuchi, S." pageId="3" pageNumber="98" pagination="243 - 261" refId="ref5884" refString="Ohfuchi, S., 1957 a. On a collection of the terrestrial Oligochaeta obtained from the various localities in Riu-kiu Islands, together with the consideration of their geographical distribution. Part II. Journal of Agriculture science. Tokyo University of Agriculture, 3: 243 - 261." type="journal article" year="1957">Ohfuchi (1957a: 254)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FEA9FE03FE1B69AA" author="Easton, E. G." box="[295,439,467,491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" pagination="33 - 65" refId="ref5403" refString="Easton, E. G., 1981. Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History, Zoology), 40 (2): 33 - 65." type="journal article" year="1981">Easton (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FE64FE03FD3169AA" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[490,669,467,491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" refId="ref4164" refString="Blakemore, R. J., 2002. Cosmopolitan earthworms - an eco-taxonomic guide to the peregrine species of the world, VermEcology, Kippax, ACT, Australia, pp. 506." type="journal volume" year="2002">Blakemore (2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FD26FE03FD7169AA" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[680,733,467,491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref4199" refString="Blakemore, R. J., 2003. Japanese earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta): a review and checklist of species. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 3 (3): 1 - 43; 241 - 244." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FF19FE2AFF726A53" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[151,222,506,530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" refId="ref4838" refString="Blakemore, R. J., 2020 a. Definitive checklist &amp; IUCN Redlist of Japanese earthworms. Online. Available from internet: https: // vermecology. files. wordpress. com / 2020 / 12 / rjbjapan-iucn-redlist-definitive-checklist- 1. pdf." type="url" year="2020">2020a</bibRefCitation>
,b;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FF70FE2AFE536A53" author="Blakemore, R. J. &amp; N. Kaneko" box="[254,511,506,530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" refId="ref4959" refString="Blakemore, R. J. &amp; N. Kaneko, 2007. Alien earthworms in the Asia / Pacific region with a checklist of species and the first records of Eukerria saltensis (Oligochaeta: Ocnerodrilidae) and Eiseniella tetraedra (Lumbricidae) from Japan, and Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae) from Okinawa." type="book" year="2007">
Blakemore
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FEF3FE2AFE1A6A53" box="[381,438,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Despite Ito
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FD18FE2AFD636A53" box="[662,719,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2019) claim, Ohfuchi’s description precisely matches
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF917B27FD5EFDF1FF406A1E" authorityName="Iedze" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bicincta">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FD5EFDF1FF406A1E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">P. bicincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and he clearly states: “
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FE66FD98FD796A95" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Intestine begins in XIV, and a pair of intestinal caeca which are very short, are less developed compared with many other species; broad, apparently rudimentary, or may be altogether absent..</emphasis>
” but he has then inadvertently added a transcription error with: “
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FF52FCDBFDF46B63" box="[220,600,778,802]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">..commences (sic) in XXVI or XXVII..</emphasis>
” (in actuality its small caeca are often paired in 22). As for
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0DFF917B27FDF6FCE2FD766B08" baseAuthorityName="Eisen" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[632,730,818,841]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Bimastos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FDF6FCE2FD766B08" box="[632,730,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">B. parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is relatively common on the main islands of
<collectingCountry id="F31A761EFF917B27FD2DFC88FD736B2E" box="[675,735,856,879]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7FFF917B27FF4DFCAFFED56BD6" author="Kobayashi, S." box="[195,377,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" pagination="511 - 518" refId="ref5646" refString="Kobayashi, S., 1941. Summary of the terrestrial earthworm fauna of Kyusyu. Botany and Zoology, Tokyo, 9: 511 - 518. (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1941">Kobayashi (1941)</bibRefCitation>
reports it from “
<emphasis id="B979EA9CFF917B27FDA0FCAFFD256BD4" bold="true" box="[558,649,895,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">DZ ± ‼</emphasis>
” that is translated as Ama mura, possibly on Nakanoshima in Oki Islands, Shimane-ken, but it has not been previously found on Okinawan Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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