336 lines
40 KiB
XML
336 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="113FE59AF85FB0F650A3B9E3BB3AD3F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="24218" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23bda654-50eb-4b8b-8ebb-f03d65d94860" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3632650" ID-ZooBank="122BD637-E1C7-4972-ADC2-ED0FD1E205C4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1580475237201" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Morris, Brendan O. & Dietrich, Christopher H." docDate="2020" docId="038B87A1D37FFFD16D8214B7FBB1F826" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4729.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4729 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kaikaia gaga Morris & Dietrich 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="291" masterDocId="FFB2FFD9D37BFFD46D151212FFE9FFEE" masterDocTitle="An unusual new genus and species of centrotine treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Centrotinae) from Nicaragua" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="286" pageNumber="290" updateTime="1698779840006" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="9B85DF590F96194ADA5666659F4E0D55" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2C7C82ACB7AF26C7EB8FDDE1E23CCC8B">
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<mods:title id="03E45D7180EBCC71A5F5550EE72B1533">An unusual new genus and species of centrotine treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Centrotinae) from Nicaragua</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="886297AC1D3CE604D5996E9661454B98" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3653BC2AB287372663030F5C789926F6">Morris, Brendan O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="79D6C1056367E5C5C6E1112EF293B706" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3022ED13376BAFAE0DACC6B257753C48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4151B990A30D2FF8BEE3D9CADE953CCC">Dietrich, Christopher H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9C063D99225473A1379E4A43827FEAD5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDDFE44492445A0794B7FD4382C60F14">
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<mods:title id="FFB5BEA86BB124F4641DF8C8BAE38E50">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="27C4AE5D9FB3AFC6D61917849CC1FB38">
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<mods:date id="F6F5D85BE0CFF21988D5A1FFF08A1B1C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="39ECA80C84724C8FFF8775E42C2FAF11" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="5AD5562D9E2CFE601AAE8866DEE2A5B8">2020-01-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="745E4C591A1D5D89EF747DE510B64676" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7AFF3D6B022E24D18AD65DF692943DA0">4729</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DAF4FAF3251075654AA55F51BA2E1F57" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9A64086489257BDBFB83034C2C982D20">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A94887EEF99CCA83E8F32AA6C4B984C3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0179F5E8E7F360623B050276D42D1729" type="CLB-Dataset">24218</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F4840360DDE82AEA13A1E6CF5921FEC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F49789D6596716B75417273B6763FB0" type="GBIF-Dataset">23bda654-50eb-4b8b-8ebb-f03d65d94860</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CF75AF97F953D411CC38CF1C01B5A242" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038B87A1D37FFFD16D8214B7FBB1F826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5687439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161926226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5687439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B87A1D37FFFD16D8214B7FBB1F826" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87A1D37FFFD16D8214B7FBB1F826" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">
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<subSubSection id="C338653CD37FFFD06D8214B7FE68F951" box="[151,385,1701,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37FFFD06D8214B7FE68F951" blockId="4.[151,385,1701,1728]" box="[151,385,1701,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">
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<heading id="D0D581DBD37FFFD06D8214B7FE68F951" bold="true" box="[151,385,1701,1728]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37FFFD06D8214B7FE68F951" bold="true" box="[151,385,1701,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37FFFD06D8214B7FED1F951" authority="Morris & Dietrich, 2020" authorityName="Morris & Dietrich" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,312,1701,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Kaikaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaga" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37FFFD06D8214B7FED1F951" bold="true" box="[151,312,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">Kaikaia gaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26557DED37FFFD06C2A14B7FE68F951" box="[319,385,1701,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338653CD37FFFD16D8214FEFF23FE89" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37FFFD16D8214FEFCF9FF15" blockId="4.[151,1437,1772,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,827]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37FFFD06D8214FEFEC0F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,297,1772,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37FFFD06C3A14FCFE38F8E9" box="[303,465,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">Measurements</emphasis>
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(mm). Length 9.3; head width 4.9; pronotum width between humeral angles 5.7; width between suprahumeral horn apices 8.7; pronotum length 5.3; forewing length 5.8.
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37FFFD069541503FB55F8C5" box="[1089,1212,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">Coloration</emphasis>
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. Overall color dark brownish maroon; supraocular callosities concolorous; vertex, apical suprahumeral horns, posterior process and femora with margins or carinae dark brown or blackish. Forewing hyaline, longitudinal veins brown with vertical, ochraceous yellow band basally. Exposed lateral margins of scutellum concolorous basally with apices yellowish testaceous; visible scutellum length approximately half that of the posterior process. Femora dark chestnut to brownish black; tibiae light ochraceous. Abdomen ferruginous to brownish black.
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37FFFD0697E15D4FB25F831" box="[1131,1228,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="290">Vestiture</emphasis>
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. Head, pronotum, and femora sparsely clothed with fine whitish silver setae; thoracic pleuron and abdominal sternum more densely tomentose with wax setae. Pronotum and scutellar apices heavily punctate, each pit associated with a single, fine, recumbent silver seta.
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16C8612F3FE13FF15" box="[403,506,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Structure</emphasis>
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. As described for genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16DD21317FF23FE89" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16DD21317FEF8FEF1" bold="true" box="[199,273,261,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Notes.</emphasis>
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Extra crossvein partially present on the right forewing between R and M, extending from R but not reaching M. Another, very short crossvein extending from M to the base of R
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<subScript id="17A634F2D37EFFD16EED1328FBF8FEA6" attach="left" box="[1016,1041,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2+3</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="17A634F2D37EFFD169421328FB98FEA6" attach="left" box="[1111,1137,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">4+5</subScript>
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, forming a small cell (
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<figureCitation id="13192A32D37EFFD1687A133BFF55FE89" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,182,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,179,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus, hind wing.A) Kaikaia gaga holotype female (BOM_10000130), lateral habitus view. B) K. gaga holotype female (BOM_10000130), anterior habitus view. C) K. gaga holotype female (BOM_10000130), dorsal habitus view. D) K. gaga holotype female (BOM_10000130), hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632652/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338653CD37EFFD16DD21363FC2AFE41" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16DD21363FC2AFE41" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16DD21363FE9CFE65" bold="true" box="[199,373,368,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4A3CEAD37EFFD16C691363FC2AFE41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2561484860" collectingDate="1991-11-30" collectingDateMax="1992-01-10" collectingDateMin="1991-11-30" collectorName="de Apoyo & E. van den Berghe." country="Nicaragua" location="Laguna de Apoyo" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Masaya" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54998815D37EFFD16C691363FDF9FE65" box="[380,528,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]:
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<specimenCount id="9D24FD3ED37EFFD16ECE1363FBD5FE65" box="[987,1084,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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(BOM_10000130),
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<collectingCountry id="F3357627D37EFFD168341363FA70FE65" box="[1313,1433,369,395]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49E6F855D37EFFD16D821387FF07FE41" box="[151,238,405,431]" country="Nicaragua" name="Masaya" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Masaya</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EFD606CD37EFFD16DE01387FE55FE41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B87A1D37FFFD16D8214B7FBB1F826:8EFD606CD37EFFD16DE01387FE55FE41" box="[245,444,405,431]" country="Nicaragua" name="Laguna de Apoyo" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" stateProvince="Masaya">
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Laguna
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<collectorName id="26D75361D37EFFD16C451387FE55FE41" box="[336,444,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">de Apoyo</collectorName>
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</location>
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<date id="FF9C1077D37EFFD16CD61387FDBEFE41" box="[451,599,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" value="1991-11-30">
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<collectingDate id="EFD8E99FD37EFFD16CD61387FDBEFE41" box="[451,599,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" value="1991-11-30">30 Nov 1991</collectingDate>
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</date>
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-
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<date id="FF9C1077D37EFFD16F4A1387FD0FFE41" box="[607,742,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" value="1992-01-10">
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<collectingDate id="EFD8E99FD37EFFD16F4A1387FD0FFE41" box="[607,742,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" value="1992-01-10">10 Jan 1992</collectingDate>
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</date>
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<collectorName id="26D75361D37EFFD16FF81387FC2AFE41" box="[749,963,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">E. van den Berghe.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338653CD37EFFD16DD213ABFE9CFE19" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16DD213ABFE9CFE19" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16DD213ABFEA7FE3D" bold="true" box="[199,334,441,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name is a noun in apposition derived from the name of the singer, songwriter, and actress, Lady Gaga.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338653CD37EFFD16DD21012FBB1F826" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16DD21012FCD1FCD5" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16DD21012FEA5FDF5" bold="true" box="[199,332,512,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Discussion.</emphasis>
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The new genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16F151013FDB0FDF5" authority="Morris & Dietrich, 2020" authorityName="Morris & Dietrich" authorityYear="2020" box="[512,601,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Kaikaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16F151013FDB0FDF5" box="[512,601,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Kaikaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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most closely resembles members of the Old World tribe Beaufortianini and New World tribes Platycentrini, Boocerini, and Nessorhinini. Although
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16EDD1037FBC8FDD1" authority="Morris & Dietrich, 2020" authorityName="Morris & Dietrich" authorityYear="2020" box="[968,1057,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Kaikaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16EDD1037FBC8FDD1" box="[968,1057,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Kaikaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles Beaufortianini in overall external appearance, the structure of the second valvulae suggests a closer relationship to some members of the Caribbean endemic tribe Nessorhinini (
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16F8E107FFBA3FD69" box="[667,1098,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16F8E107FFCC1FD69" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[667,808,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Nessorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nessorhinus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16E26107FFC5DFD69" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1869" box="[819,948,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Orthobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthobelus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16ED5107FFBA3FD69" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1869" box="[960,1098,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Callicentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Callicentrus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). The unusual pre-apical cleft of the 3rd valvula is also found in the other endemic Caribbean tribe Monobelini (
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD1693D1083FB4DFD45" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[1064,1188,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Monobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD1693D1083FB4DFD45" box="[1064,1188,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Monobelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), some nessorhinines, and in the mainland North American genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16F9110A7FCFBFD21" box="[644,786,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Platycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16F9110A7FCFBFD21" box="[644,786,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Platycentrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6A0030CD37EFFD16E3410A7FC9CFD21" box="[801,885,693,719]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,874,898]" captionTargetBox="[163,1402,986,1666]" captionText="TABLE 1. Character concepts largely follow those of Wallace and Deitz (2004) and Dietrich et al. (2001). Monobelus is compared rather than Monobelini sensu Wallace and Deitz (2004) because Monobelus has many character states that are not characteristic of the tribe overall." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). The emarginate shape and length of the scutellum (full notch visible in ventral view with abdomen removed) is similar to that found in boocerines, most beaufortianines and some
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16C9810EFFDE0FCF9" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[397,521,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Monobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16C9810EFFDE0FCF9" box="[397,521,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Monobelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unlike the Boocerini, the most diverse tribe in Central America,
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD1681410EFFAB3FCF9" authority="Morris & Dietrich, 2020" authorityName="Morris & Dietrich" authorityYear="2020" box="[1281,1370,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Kaikaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD1681410EFFAB3FCF9" box="[1281,1370,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Kaikaia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lacks cucullate setae on the mesothoracic femur or tibia (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6A0030CD37EFFD16FC61133FCCEFCD5" box="[723,807,801,827]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,874,898]" captionTargetBox="[163,1402,986,1666]" captionText="TABLE 1. Character concepts largely follow those of Wallace and Deitz (2004) and Dietrich et al. (2001). Monobelus is compared rather than Monobelini sensu Wallace and Deitz (2004) because Monobelus has many character states that are not characteristic of the tribe overall." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" ID-Table-UUID="DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D663FD37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" startId="5.[151,239,874,898]" targetBox="[163,1402,986,1666]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" blockId="5.[151,1437,874,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<tableNote id="76C43739D37EFFD16D821178FDCBFC25" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" targetBox="[163,1402,986,1666]" targetPageId="5">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16D821178FEE3FC6C" bold="true" box="[151,266,874,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Character concepts largely follow those of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD16FCE1179FC02FC6D" author="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L." box="[731,1003,875,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref3707" refString="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the treehopper subfamily Centrotinae (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Memoirs on Entomology International, 19, 1 - 337 + i-iv." type="journal article" year="2004">Wallace and Deitz (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD1690A1179FAEAFC6D" author="Dietrich, C. H. & McKamey, S. H. & Deitz, L. L." box="[1055,1283,875,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="213 - 39" refId="ref3365" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. & Deitz, L. L. (2001). Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|
Dietrich
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD169681179FB45FC6D" box="[1149,1196,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2001)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD168181179FA6DFC6D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[1293,1412,875,899]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Monobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD168181179FA6DFC6D" box="[1293,1412,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Monobelus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is compared rather than Monobelini
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16F11119DFDD6FC48" box="[516,575,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">sensu</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD16F53119DFCBFFC49" author="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L." box="[582,854,911,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref3707" refString="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the treehopper subfamily Centrotinae (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Memoirs on Entomology International, 19, 1 - 337 + i-iv." type="journal article" year="2004">Wallace and Deitz (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
because
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16EAC119DFBD9FC49" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[953,1072,911,935]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Monobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16EAC119DFBD9FC49" box="[953,1072,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Monobelus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has many character states that are not characteristic of the tribe overall.
|
|
</tableNote>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16DC611C8FA9AF9A6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<table id="F922C417D37E002B6DB611C8FA93F96C" box="[163,1402,986,1666]" gridcols="7" gridrows="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB611C8FA93FC1D" box="[163,1402,986,1011]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB611C8FE8CFC1D" box="[163,357,986,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Character</th>
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6C9411C8FE02FC1D" box="[385,491,986,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16C9B11C9FE37FC1D" authority="Morris & Dietrich, 2020" authorityName="Morris & Dietrich" authorityYear="2020" box="[398,478,987,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Kaikaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16C9B11C9FE37FC1D" box="[398,478,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Kaikaia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6F1811C8FD96FC1D" box="[525,639,986,1011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16F1B11C9FD96FC1D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[526,639,987,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Monobelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16F1B11C9FD96FC1D" box="[526,639,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Monobelus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B11C8FC95FC1D" box="[670,892,986,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Beaufortianini</th>
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6E8811C8FBF7FC1D" box="[925,1054,986,1011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Boocerini</th>
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B695611C8FB2DFC1D" box="[1091,1220,986,1011]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Nessorhinini</th>
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC11C8FA93FC1D" box="[1273,1402,986,1011]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Platycentrini</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB61610FA93FBD7" box="[163,1402,1026,1081]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB61610FE8CFBD7" box="[163,357,1026,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">3rd valvulae apical cleft</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C941610FE02FBD7" box="[385,491,1026,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F181610FD96FBD7" box="[525,639,1026,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B1610FC95FBD7" box="[670,892,1026,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E881610FBF7FBD7" box="[925,1054,1026,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69561610FB2DFBD7" box="[1091,1220,1026,1081]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC1610FA93FBD7" box="[1273,1402,1026,1081]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD169EC1632FA90FBD6" box="[1273,1401,1056,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Platycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD169EC1632FA90FBD6" box="[1273,1401,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Platycentrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB6165AFA93FB90" box="[163,1402,1096,1150]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB6165AFE8CFB90" box="[163,357,1096,1150]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2nd valvulae acute projection</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C94165AFE02FB90" box="[385,491,1096,1150]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F18165AFD96FB90" box="[525,639,1096,1150]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B165AFC95FB90" box="[670,892,1096,1150]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E88165AFBF7FB90" box="[925,1054,1096,1150]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6956165AFB2DFB90" box="[1091,1220,1096,1150]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC165AFA93FB90" box="[1273,1402,1096,1150]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB6169FFA93FB2A" box="[163,1402,1165,1220]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB6169FFE8CFB2A" box="[163,357,1165,1220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2nd valvulae raised dentition</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C94169FFE02FB2A" box="[385,491,1165,1220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F18169FFD96FB2A" box="[525,639,1165,1220]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B169FFC95FB2A" box="[670,892,1165,1220]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E88169FFBF7FB2A" box="[925,1054,1165,1220]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6956169FFB2DFB2A" box="[1091,1220,1165,1220]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC169FFA93FB2A" box="[1273,1402,1165,1220]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB616C1FA93FB02" box="[163,1402,1235,1260]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB616C1FE8CFB02" box="[163,357,1235,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2nd valvulae width</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C9416C1FE02FB02" box="[385,491,1235,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">narrow</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F1816C1FD96FB02" box="[525,639,1235,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">broadening</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B16C1FC95FB02" box="[670,892,1235,1260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">narrow</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E8816C1FBF7FB02" box="[925,1054,1235,1260]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B695616C1FB2DFB02" box="[1091,1220,1235,1260]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">narrow</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC16C1FA93FB02" box="[1273,1402,1235,1260]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">wide</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB616E9FA93FA85" box="[163,1402,1275,1387]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB616E9FE8CFA85" box="[163,357,1275,1387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">mesothoracic femur, ab- and ad- lateral cucullate setae</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C9416E9FE02FA85" box="[385,491,1275,1387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F1816E9FD96FA85" box="[525,639,1275,1387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B16E9FC95FA85" box="[670,892,1275,1387]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
absent (polymorphic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16FC6170BFCB0FADF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1916" box="[723,857,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Beaufortiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16FC6170BFCB0FADF" box="[723,857,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Beaufortiana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E8816E9FBF7FA85" box="[925,1054,1275,1387]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B695616E9FB2DFA85" box="[1091,1220,1275,1387]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC16E9FA93FA85" box="[1273,1402,1275,1387]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">ab-lateral, ad-lateral polymorphic</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB6176EFA93FA5C" box="[163,1402,1404,1458]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB6176EFE8CFA5C" box="[163,357,1404,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">paired dorsal swellings</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C94176EFE02FA5C" box="[385,491,1404,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F18176EFD96FA5C" box="[525,639,1404,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B176EFC95FA5C" box="[670,892,1404,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
present (except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16FC71788FCD6FA5F" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1916" box="[722,831,1434,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Imporcitor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16FC71788FCD6FA5F" box="[722,831,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Imporcitor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E88176EFBF7FA5C" box="[925,1054,1404,1458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6956176EFB2DFA5C" box="[1091,1220,1404,1458]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">present</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC176EFA93FA5C" box="[1273,1402,1404,1458]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">absent</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB617D3FA93FA34" box="[163,1402,1473,1498]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB617D3FE8CFA34" box="[163,357,1473,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">m-cu crossveins</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C9417D3FE02FA34" box="[385,491,1473,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F1817D3FD96FA34" box="[525,639,1473,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B17D3FC95FA34" box="[670,892,1473,1498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E8817D3FBF7FA34" box="[925,1054,1473,1498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">1</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B695617D3FB2DFA34" box="[1091,1220,1473,1498]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2 or more</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC17D3FA93FA34" box="[1273,1402,1473,1498]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB617FBFA93F9EC" box="[163,1402,1513,1538]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB617FBFE8CF9EC" box="[163,357,1513,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">frontoclypeal lobes</th>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C9417FBFE02F9EC" box="[385,491,1513,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">distinct</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F1817FBFD96F9EC" box="[525,639,1513,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">indistinct</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B17FBFC95F9EC" box="[670,892,1513,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">distinct</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E8817FBFBF7F9EC" box="[925,1054,1513,1538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B695617FBFB2DF9EC" box="[1091,1220,1513,1538]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">polymorphic</td>
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|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC17FBFA93F9EC" box="[1273,1402,1513,1538]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">indistinct</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="351234F5D37E002B6DB61400FA93F96C" box="[163,1402,1554,1666]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
<th id="76C35D89D37E002B6DB61400FE8CF96C" box="[163,357,1554,1666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">frontoclypeal margins</th>
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|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6C941400FE02F96C" box="[385,491,1554,1666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">parallel, broadened apically</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F181400FD96F96C" box="[525,639,1554,1666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">parallel or converging</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6F8B1400FC95F96C" box="[670,892,1554,1666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
parallel or converging (broadened in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16FBE145FFCAAF98B" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1916" box="[683,835,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Centrotusoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16FBE145FFCAAF98B" box="[683,835,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Centrotusoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16FDA1478FCADF96C" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[719,836,1642,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Centruchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD16FDA1478FCADF96C" box="[719,836,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Centruchus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B6E881400FBF7F96C" box="[925,1054,1554,1666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">parallel or converging</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69561400FB2DF96C" box="[1091,1220,1554,1666]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">parallel or converging</td>
|
|
<td id="76C35D89D37E002B69EC1400FA93F96C" box="[1273,1402,1554,1666]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">parallel or converging</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9D36B7D37EFFD16DD214A0FBB1F826" blockId="5.[151,1437,1714,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
|
A recent anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) based phylogenomic analysis (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD1693214A0FAE0F922" author="Dietrich, C. H. & Allen, J. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Takiya, D. M. & Evangelista, O. & Walden, K. K. & Grady, P. G. & Johnson, K. P. & Wiegmann, B." box="[1063,1289,1714,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="57 - 72" refId="ref3154" refString="Dietrich, C. H., Allen, J. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Takiya, D. M., Evangelista, O., Walden, K. K., Grady, P. G., Johnson, K. P. & Wiegmann, B. (2017) Anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogenomics of leafhoppers and treehoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 1 (1), 57 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixx 003" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Dietrich
|
|
<emphasis id="B956EAA5D37EFFD1699814A1FB29F922" box="[1165,1216,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) suggested a Caribbean or Central American origin of the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD16E1B14C4FC78F91E" box="[782,913,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Centrotinae">Centrotinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and a single invasion of the Old World as opposed to two independent invasions suggested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD16FDC14E8FC33F8FA" author="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L." box="[713,986,1786,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref3707" refString="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the treehopper subfamily Centrotinae (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Memoirs on Entomology International, 19, 1 - 337 + i-iv." type="journal article" year="2004">Wallace & Deitz (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. While the AHE taxon sampling of centrotine treehoppers was broader than in previous molecular studies it was not as broad as the morphological taxon sampling by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD16C3B1550FDAEF8B2" author="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L." box="[302,583,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref3707" refString="Wallace, M. & Deitz, L. L. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the treehopper subfamily Centrotinae (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Memoirs on Entomology International, 19, 1 - 337 + i-iv." type="journal article" year="2004">Wallace & Deitz (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Future studies should include several additional representative taxa from Central American, Caribbean, and the Old World including representatives from Boocerini, Pieltainellini,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C224D34D37EFFD1683F1574FA71F86E" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[1322,1432,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gargarini">Gargarini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and Beaufortianini. Increased collection efforts in Central America and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3357627D37EFFD16EAF1598FBF9F84A" box="[954,1040,1930,1956]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
remain necessary to reveal the true diversity of New World centrotines and other membracid subfamilies (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B46D37EFFD16EB915BCFBA5F826" author="Wallace, M. S." box="[940,1100,1965,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="83 - 88" refId="ref3655" refString="Wallace, M. S. (2015) A striking new treehopper genus Mutilifolia (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae: Telamonini), from Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3914 (1), 83 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3914.1.7" type="journal article" year="2015">Wallace 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |