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<document id="DF0B9BBFD90B391A5C1479AB62E15847" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.226.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13636346" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725334463486" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pinseel, Eveline, Vijver, Bart Van De &amp; Kopalova, Kateřina" docDate="2015" docId="038B878AAE13FF8D15E7FF6C34DCFACE" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.226.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 226 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum Pinseel, Vijver &amp; Kopalova, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFB2FFF2AE16FF88156FFFF1341FFFAA" masterDocTitle="Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new representative of the A. pyrenaicum group from Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, High Arctic)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1725336699443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C9FAE0B80646A206659CE151A01DA4F2">Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new representative of the A. pyrenaicum group from Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, High Arctic)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A984BC3058DDDA3BDB827D251FE8DB3">Pinseel, Eveline</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EB336D46F4A3CCED4A7EC3261BC518AD">Botanic Garden Meise, Department of Bryophyta &amp; Thallophyta, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Protistology &amp; Aquatic Ecology, Krijgslaan 281 / S 8, B- 9000 Gent, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AFFE3F1A1828294D3031B7F5B0BD4469">Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="906AAD47E2C87884ED3D5463909D93FB">Botanic Garden Meise, Department of Bryophyta &amp; Thallophyta, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE), Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="16B11D2BF35CF82A0856B155234273F4">Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ- 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic. &amp; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Centre for Polar Ecology (CPE), Branisovska 31, CZ- 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D15E7FF6C3605FF12" authorityName="Pinseel &amp; Vijver &amp; Kopalova" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,538,157,184]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="petuniabuktianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15E7FF6C3605FF12" bold="true" box="[136,538,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum</emphasis>
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.
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(
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D17E7FF6E36E3FF12" box="[648,764,159,184]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 226" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId-0="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId-0="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 232</figureCitation>
)
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Frustules rectangular, only slightly arched in girdle view (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1782FF15372EFF51" box="[749,817,228,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1653FF153789FF51" box="[828,918,228,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">27 &amp; 32</figureCitation>
). Cingulum composed of three open, unperforated copulae (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1584FEF53576FEB1" box="[235,361,260,283]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 27, 32</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula typically showing two indentations at one third from the valve apex (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1195FEF53153FEB1" box="[1274,1356,260,283]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Mantle areolae slitlike (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D142FFED535CEFE91" box="[320,465,292,315]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 27 &amp; 32</figureCitation>
). Valves linear with broadly rounded apices. Valve dimensions (n=20): length: 8.920.1 μm, width 1.92.9 μm. Raphe valve (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D148FFEB53654FEF1" box="[480,587,324,347]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 311</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D173AFEB536CFFEF1" box="[597,720,324,347]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2026</figureCitation>
): valves concave. Axial area broad, linear, slightly narrowing towards the distal raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D14F9FE95360BFED1" box="[406,532,356,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2022</figureCitation>
). Central area broad, forming a clear rectangular fascia (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D111AFE9530ECFED1" box="[1141,1267,356,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2022</figureCitation>
). Shortened marginal striae occasionally present in the central area (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D17D9FE753719FE31" box="[694,774,388,411]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Central striae slightly more widely spaced (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1182FE753121FE31" box="[1261,1342,388,411]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). External raphe branches straight, filiform, slightly broadening towards the central area terminating in simple, straight to weakly bent proximal raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D14FCFE35360EFE71" box="[403,529,452,475]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2022</figureCitation>
). External distal raphe endings terminating just beyond the last apical striae, distinctly unilaterally hooked (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1409FE1535FBFE51" box="[358,484,484,507]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2023</figureCitation>
). Internal proximal raphe endings slightly bent in opposite directions, internal distal raphe endings straight terminating into small helictoglossae (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D17B9FDF5374BFDB1" box="[726,852,516,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2426</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings hardly discernible in LM. Striae,
<quantity id="4CDA9B79AE13FF8D15E7FDD534F8FD91" box="[136,231,548,571]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0541" metricValueMax="1.1176" metricValueMin="0.9906" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">3944 in</quantity>
10 μm, hardly visible in LM. In SEM, striae clearly parallel throughout the entire valve, composed of one to two transapically elongated areolae (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1486FDB5367AFDF1" box="[489,613,580,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2023</figureCitation>
). Rapheless valve (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1656FDB537A8FDF1" box="[825,951,580,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 226" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,317,1811]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 226. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 1. LM view of a frustule in girdle view. 311. LM views of raphe valves. 1219. LM views of rapheless valves. 2022. SEM external views of an entire raphe valve. 23. SEM detail of the distal raphe ending of a raphe valve. 24. SEM detail of the internal raphe valve. 2526. SEM internal views of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 2324 where scale bar is 1 μm and Fig. 25 where scale bar is 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 1219</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D16AAFDB5305BFDF1" box="[965,1092,580,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2731</figureCitation>
): valves convex. Axial area very broad, slightly narrowing towards the distal raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1675FD9537C3FDD1" box="[794,988,612,635]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2728 &amp; 30</figureCitation>
). Central area almost absent, formed by a slightly widening axial area (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D14D3FD753614FD31" box="[444,523,644,667]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Central striae slightly more widely spaced (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1686FD753026FD31" box="[1001,1081,644,667]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Central area occasionally lacking marginal striae thus forming a clear fascia (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D1721FD553682FD11" box="[590,669,676,699]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Striae,
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10 μm, hardly discernible in LM. In SEM, striae parallel throughout, composed of usually one, rarely two, transapically elongated areolae (
<figureCitation id="13192A19AE13FF8D169BFD353087FD71" box="[1012,1176,708,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 2732" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1961,1982]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[170,1416,475,1936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2732. Achnanthidium petuniabuktianum sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs. All pictures taken from the type population (BR-4177). 2728. SEM external views of an entire rapheless valve. 29. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 30. SEM detail of an external rapheless valve. 31. SEM detail of an internal rapheless valve. 32. SEM view showing a frustule in girdle view. Scale bars always 10 μm, except Figs 3031 where scale bar is 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13636354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13636354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Figs 2728, 30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3386517AE13FF8D15E7FCFF30A9FCC1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9D369CAE13FF8D15E7FCFF30A9FCC1" blockId="5.[136,1451,782,875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15E7FCFF34A5FC89" bold="true" box="[136,186,782,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B4A3CC1AE13FF8D15BAFCFF30ACFCC1" collectingDate="2013-07-26" collectionCode="BR, PLP" collectorName="E. Pinseel &amp; Botanic Garden Meise &amp; Belgium" country="Norway" elevation="30" latitude="78.56317" location="University of Antwerp" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.58725" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="SPITS 2013" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F335760CAE13FF8D15BAFCFF3520FC89" box="[213,319,782,803]" name="Norway" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">NORWAY</collectingCountry>
, SVALBARD ARCHIPELAGO. Spitsbergen: Petuniabukta, Mathiessondalen, epiphyton on moss from a wetland adjacent to a lake, sample
<specimenCode id="DB849EE7AE13FF8D14D7FCC33631FCED" box="[440,558,818,839]" collectionCode="SPITS" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">SPITS 2013</specimenCode>
/029,
<elevation id="000FD1AFAE13FF8D170CFCC336D9FCED" box="[611,710,818,839]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="30.0">
<quantity id="4CDA9B79AE13FF8D170CFCC3368CFCED" box="[611,659,818,839]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE16505BAE13FF8D17BEFCC33754FCED" box="[721,843,818,839]" degrees="78.56317" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" precision="1" value="78.56317">78.56317° N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="EE16505BAE13FF8D1616FCC337ECFCED" box="[889,1011,818,839]" degrees="16.58725" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" precision="1" value="16.58725">16.58725° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="26D7534AAE13FF8D1693FCC33042FCED" box="[1020,1117,818,839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1693FCC33014FCED" box="[1020,1035,818,839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1179FCC33042FCED" box="[1046,1117,818,839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Pinseel</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1107FCC330FCFCED" box="[1128,1251,818,839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<date id="FF9C105CAE13FF8D1107FCC330FCFCED" box="[1128,1251,818,839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" value="2013-07-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD8E9B4AE13FF8D1107FCC330FCFCED" box="[1128,1251,818,839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" value="2013-07-26">26 July 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5499883EAE13FF8D1180FCC3315AFCED" box="[1263,1349,818,839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED33AE59AE13FF8D1025FCC3316EFCED" box="[1354,1393,818,839]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">BR</collectionCode>
!, slide no. 4177,
<collectorName id="26D7534AAE13FF8D1472FCA735E7FCC1" box="[285,504,854,875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Botanic Garden Meise</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D7534AAE13FF8D176EFCA73648FCC1" box="[513,599,854,875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Belgium</collectorName>
;
<typeStatus id="5499883EAE13FF8D170EFCA736B9FCC1" box="[609,678,854,875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED33AE59AE13FF8D17C3FCA736C3FCC1" box="[684,732,854,875]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15781" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15781" name="Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="Herbarium">PLP</collectionCode>
!, slide no. 288,
<location id="8EFD6047AE13FF8D161EFCA73054FCC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B878AAE13FF8D15E7FF6C34DCFACE:8EFD6047AE13FF8D161EFCA73054FCC1" box="[881,1099,854,875]" country="Norway" latitude="78.56317" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.58725" name="University of Antwerp" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">University of Antwerp</location>
, Belgium)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3386517AE13FF8D15E7FC6A34CEFC72" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9D369CAE13FF8D15E7FC6A34CEFC72" blockId="5.[136,1452,923,1380]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15E7FC6A3531FC1E" bold="true" box="[136,302,923,948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D177BFC6A36C1FC1E" authorityName="Pinseel &amp; Vijver &amp; Kopalova" authorityYear="2015" box="[532,734,923,948]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="petuniabuktianum">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D177BFC6A36C1FC1E" box="[532,734,923,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">petuniabuktianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the fjord area, Petuniabukta, where the new taxon was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3386517AE13FF8D15D2FC1234DCFACE" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9D369CAE13FF8D15D2FC1234DCFACE" blockId="5.[136,1452,923,1380]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15D2FC123737FC56" bold="true" box="[189,808,995,1020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Ecology, distribution and associated diatom flora:</emphasis>
—So far,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D16F0FC123092FC56" authorityName="Pinseel &amp; Vijver &amp; Kopalova" authorityYear="2015" box="[927,1165,995,1020]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="petuniabuktianum">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D16F0FC1237AFFC56" box="[927,944,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D16ACFC123092FC56" box="[963,1165,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">petuniabuktianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been found in Petuniabukta (Spitsbergen,
<collectingCountry id="F335760CAE13FF8D14D0FBF6363CFB8A" box="[447,547,1031,1056]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
Archipelago). The new species is described from a wetland adjacent to a small lake characterized by an alkaline pH (8.1) and a moderately high conductivity value (761 μS/cm). At the
<typeStatus id="5499883EAE13FF8D1074FBDA3154FBEE" box="[1307,1355,1067,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
locality, this taxon was solely observed in association with moss vegetation, both submerged and terrestrial (wetland). A second population was observed in an epilithon sample of a shallow pond in the terminal moraine of a glacier. Due to logistic constraints, physicochemical measurements of this locality could not be obtained. In all cases, the abundances of this taxon were low (0.53.8% of all counted valves). The associated diatom flora was dominated by species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D15E7FB2E3558FB52" authorityName="Czarnecki" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[136,327,1247,1272]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="minutissimum">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15E7FB2E3486FB52" box="[136,153,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15C4FB2E3558FB52" box="[171,327,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">minutissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D14ABFB2E3772FB52" authority="Kutzing (1844: 43)" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1844" box="[452,877,1247,1272]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Bacillariaceae" genus="Denticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Bacillariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D14ABFB2E369EFB52" box="[452,641,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Denticula tenuis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D17E3FB2E3772FB52" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[652,877,1247,1272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refId="ref6877" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen. Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing (1844: 43)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D1612FB2E3113FB52" authority="Grunow (1862: 546)" authorityName="Grunow" authorityPageNumber="546" authorityYear="1862" box="[893,1292,1247,1272]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Bacillariaceae" genus="Denticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Bacillariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="kuetzingii">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1612FB2E378EFB52" box="[893,913,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D16CCFB2E300FFB52" box="[931,1040,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">kuetzingii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D1174FB2E3113FB52" author="Grunow, A." box="[1051,1292,1247,1272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="315 - 472" refId="ref6185" refString="Grunow, A. (1862) Die Osterreichischen Diatomaceen nebst Anschluss einiger neuen Arten von andern Lokalitaten und einer kritischen Uebersicht der bisher bekannten Gattungen und Arten. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 315 - 472, 545 - 588. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64361" type="journal article" year="1862">Grunow (1862: 546)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D1074FB2E3538FAB6" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lapponica">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1074FB2E31B4FB52" box="[1307,1451,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Staurosirella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15D8FAF23538FAB6" box="[183,295,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">lapponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grunow in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D14D2FAF236ABFAB6" author="Van Heurck, C." box="[445,692,1283,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="41 - 77" refId="ref8287" refString="Van Heurck, C. (1881) Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Ducaju et Cie, Anvers, pls. 41 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1990" type="book chapter" year="1881">Van Heurck 1881: 45</bibRefCitation>
) D.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D1795FAF23074FAB6" author="Williams, D. M. &amp; Round, F. E." box="[762,1131,1283,1308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="267 - 288" refId="ref8511" refString="Williams, D. M. &amp; Round, F. E. (1987) Revision of the genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research 2: 267 - 288. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1987.9705004" type="journal article" year="1987">Williams &amp; Round (1987: 274)</bibRefCitation>
, two at present unidentified
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D15E7FAD6361EFAEA" authority="Krammer (1997: 91)" authorityName="Krammer" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1997" box="[136,513,1319,1344]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D15E7FAD63509FAEA" box="[136,278,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Encyonopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D1474FAD6361EFAEA" author="Krammer, K." box="[283,513,1319,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref6731" refString="Krammer, K. (1997) Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 2. Encyonema Part., Encyonopsis und Cymbellopsis. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 37: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1997">Krammer (1997: 91)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
taxa and
<taxonomicName id="4C224D1FAE13FF8D1706FAD63772FAEA" box="[617,877,1319,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Nitzschia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perminuta">
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1706FAD636CEFAEA" box="[617,721,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Nitzschia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B956EA8EAE13FF8D1795FAD63772FAEA" box="[762,877,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">perminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grunow in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D1697FAD630FAFAEA" author="Van Heurck, C." box="[1016,1253,1319,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="41 - 77" refId="ref8287" refString="Van Heurck, C. (1881) Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Ducaju et Cie, Anvers, pls. 41 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1990" type="book chapter" year="1881">Van Heurck 1881: 68</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B6DAE13FF8D119CFAD634A0FACE" author="Peragallo, M." pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refId="ref7339" refString="Peragallo, M. (1903) Le Catalogue General des Diatomees. Clermont-Ferrand, 973 pp." type="book" year="1903">Peragallo (1903: 672)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>