179 lines
19 KiB
XML
179 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1CCC136DE44C14F39B54573BCDB6A2A3">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="813C68642F59D21D08709EDE873FF233">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AFE5241249B838319DB2229E2A9DB3F">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56C3E3FDE7F3DC4B10674C26CE7835FE">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D69CCE1D954EE861FBFD2F32C5223D1E">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5D922ADE969F2FB26F50F21246DBFD32" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="F0D40B8486E15DB90178A0A9649438BE">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="1CBE1F409E3C0FA3D087753A31C1598A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="10D00CDD1369E54648C4D8FD7E286B20">
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<mods:title id="794298858CF5B65F1A70796DED73C5CA">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C5A071FFE3FFD7FFC45FA559B3F21E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFE3FFD7FFC45FA559B3F21E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFE3FFD7FFC45FA559B3F21E" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC45FA55AD1F84E" box="[120,176,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC45FA55AD1F84E" blockId="14.[118,921,1964,2050]" box="[120,176,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE3FFD7FFC45FA55AD1F84E" box="[120,176,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFE3FFD7FFC45FA55AD1F84E" box="[120,176,1964,2010]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">28.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FF7D5FA55861F84E" box="[193,512,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FF7D5FA55861F84E" blockId="14.[118,921,1964,2050]" box="[193,512,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE3FFD7FF7D5FA55861F84E" box="[193,512,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE3FFD7FF7D5FA55861F84E" box="[193,512,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Foster’s Punare</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FDF15FA559E4F84E" box="[589,901,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FDF15FA559E4F84E" blockId="14.[118,921,1964,2050]" box="[589,901,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFE3FFD7FDF15FA559E4F84E" box="[589,901,1964,2010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FDF15FA559E4F84E" ID-CoL="56LT2" authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[589,901,1964,2010]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fosteri">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FDF15FA559E4F84E" box="[589,901,1964,2010]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Thrichomys fosteri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCB5FE259F8F794" box="[119,921,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCB5FE259F8F794" blockId="14.[118,921,1964,2050]" box="[119,921,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE3FFD7FFCB5FE259F8F794" box="[119,921,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCB5FE25AA2F794" bold="true" box="[119,195,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE3FFD7FF705FE25B17F794" box="[204,374,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Punaré de Foster</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FE365FE25B85F794" bold="true" box="[394,484,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE3FFD7FE525FE25814F794" box="[494,629,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Foster-Punaré</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FD365FE25884F794" bold="true" box="[650,741,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE3FFD7FD535FE259F8F794" box="[751,921,2027,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Punaré de Foster</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FD6550255942F7E0" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FD6550255942F7E0" blockId="14.[729,1324,2092,2518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FD6550255914F7D9" bold="true" box="[729,885,2092,2125]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FC275025597EF7E0" ID-CoL="56LT2" authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fosteri">Thrichomys fosteri Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FC93505A5E84F7E0" box="[815,1253,2131,2164]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FC93505A5E84F7E0" blockId="14.[729,1324,2092,2518]" box="[815,1253,2131,2164]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFE3FFD7FC93505A5E83F7E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303322" box="[815,1250,2131,2164]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">“Sapucay,” Paraguari, Paraguay</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FD6250735BADF595" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FD6250735BADF595" blockId="14.[729,1324,2092,2518]" lastBlockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FD62507359DDF70F" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1880" box="[734,956,2170,2203]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foster">Thrichomys foster</taxonomicName>
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: was considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FCFB50AF5986F757" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1839" box="[839,999,2214,2243]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apereoides">T. apereoides</taxonomicName>
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(sensu lato) by S. Anderson in 1997. It was included as a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FC2E50F95E5BF685" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[914,1082,2288,2321]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyurus">T. pachyurus</taxonomicName>
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by L. M. Pessoa and colleagues in 2015, butits karyotype differs from that species (2n = 34, FN = 64 vs. 2n = 30, FN = 56) and its position as a molecular clade basal to one collectively joining 7T.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FC1D51BC5E7CF642" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1839" box="[929,1053,2485,2518]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apereoides">apereoides</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FB8451BC5E81F642" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1080,1248,2485,2518]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">T. laurentius</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FFC151ED5B41F595" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[125,288,2532,2561]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyurus">T. pachyurus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC5520C5F65F5B2" box="[121,1284,2565,2598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFE3FFD7FFC5520C5F65F5B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623716" box="[121,1284,2565,2598]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623716/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" targetBox="[117,706,2103,2517]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC5520C5F65F5B2" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" box="[121,1284,2565,2598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC5520C5B48F5B2" bold="true" box="[121,297,2565,2598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SC Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sulstates) and Paraguay.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC552245B50F394" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC552245B50F394" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC552245B17F5DA" bold="true" box="[121,374,2605,2638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 119-225 mm, tail 111-200 mm; weight 350 g. Dorsum of Foster’s Punare is generally ash-gray, with ventral hairs completely white or light gray at bases; dorsal tail hairs are blackish brown, sharply contrasting color of middorsum; and underside oftail is whitish gray. Its shares distinct cranial characteristics with the Jacobina Punare (7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FD8852C758F0F57F" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1843" box="[564,657,2766,2795]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">inermis</taxonomicName>
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) and the Pantanal Punare (71.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FBE352C75E8DF57F" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[1119,1260,2766,2795]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyurus">pachyurus</taxonomicName>
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), including wide incisive foramina with slight lateral constriction at premaxillomaxillary suture and broadened, rectangular hamular processes of pterygoid bones. Foster's Punare (7. foster) and the Pantanal Punare have broad, robust skulls, large and inflated auditory bullae, wide jugal dorso-ventrally, paroccipital processes that are not appressed to each bulla, and wide plates (c.2 mm) between oval and masticatory foramina; this combination of characteristics separate both species from the Jacobina Punare.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC7540C5E59F3DA" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC7540C5E59F3DA" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC7540C5A8BF3B2" bold="true" box="[123,234,3077,3110]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Southern Cerrado ecoregion at elevations of 90-370 m. Foster’s Punare is considered a rocky outcrop specialist within dry forest communities.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC0545D5E5EF3E1" box="[124,1087,3156,3189]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC0545D5E5EF3E1" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" box="[124,1087,3156,3189]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC0545D5BE0F3E1" bold="true" box="[124,385,3156,3189]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC0547559A1F309" box="[124,960,3196,3229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC0547559A1F309" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" box="[124,960,3196,3229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC054755B63F309" bold="true" box="[124,258,3196,3229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC754AA5E45F350" box="[123,1060,3235,3268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC754AA5E45F350" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" box="[123,1060,3235,3268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC754AA5B07F350" bold="true" box="[123,358,3235,3268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC054C35B30F280" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC054C35B30F280" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC054C35922F37F" bold="true" box="[124,835,3274,3307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC1551059A7F2AE" box="[125,966,3353,3386]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC1551059A7F2AE" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" box="[125,966,3353,3386]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC155105BBBF2AE" bold="true" box="[125,474,3353,3386]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Not assessed on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC2554059B3F21E" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC2554059B3F21E" blockId="14.[121,1328,2532,3466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC255405B77F2F6" bold="true" box="[126,278,3401,3426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Anderson (1997), Bonvicino et al. (2008), Fredericksen et al. (2003), Moojen (1952b), Nascimento et al. (2013), Pessoa, Tavares, Neves & da Silva (2015), Thomas (1903a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |