245 lines
30 KiB
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245 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="965CD18892BF0098FE62AC67D2F7E202" ID-CLB-Dataset="54594" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5306.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c524a5b-d444-4ef8-b2d6-aedaed1a83fb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8073166" ID-ZooBank="F136C7C2-BF12-4943-BA48-4AFEF4186F1A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1687503661512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kataev, Boris M." docDate="2023" docId="03809F40FF8ED716D1C2FF20FD5B26E0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5306.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5306 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.5.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Platymetopus Dejean 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="503" masterDocId="FFB9E738FF8CD714D155FFFFFF832116" masterDocTitle="A review of Asian species of the genus Platymetopus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)" masterLastPageNumber="536" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="503" updateTime="1699529980831" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2DB6A3905F4CC6B55075973F0762D60F">A review of Asian species of the genus Platymetopus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="215D69BDDF2F94948BAB54DB443CEBF9">Kataev, Boris M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6A44B7E9673AF529F1AB0D530DE17C02">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C48A92D1829C77E9657FDA167FF255B4">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D7E4512002104C5C6DEE06CFE5BDBAEB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5306.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03809F40FF8ED716D1C2FF20FD5B26E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8073168" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210387612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8073168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03809F40FF8ED716D1C2FF20FD5B26E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03809F40FF8ED716D1C2FF20FD5B26E0" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<subSubSection id="C3337DDDFF8ED716D1C2FF20FDB921EF" box="[151,570,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D1C2FF20FDB921EF" blockId="2.[151,570,223,250]" box="[151,570,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<heading id="D0DE993AFF8ED716D1C2FF20FDB921EF" bold="true" box="[151,570,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D1C2FF20FDB921EF" bold="true" box="[151,570,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D1BBFF20FDB921EF" ID-CoL="8KYG6" ID-ENA="247454" authority="Dejean, 1829" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" box="[238,570,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D1BBFF20FE1221EC" bold="true" box="[238,401,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D0CCFF20FDB921EF" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[409,570,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26072" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. (1829) Species general des coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome quatrieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, vii + 520 pp." type="book" year="1829">Dejean, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337DDDFF8ED716D1C2FEDBFF73204C" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D1C2FEDBFF73204C" blockId="2.[151,1437,291,346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390978FF8ED716D1C2FEDBFF73204C" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880847FF8ED716D1C2FEDBFE53202A" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[151,464,292,316]" page="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" year="1829">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D1C2FEDBFE53202A" ID-CoL="8KYG6" authority="Dejean, 1829: 4" authorityName="Dejean" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,464,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D1C2FEDBFEA2202A" box="[151,289,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D07CFEDBFE53202A" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[297,464,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26072" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. (1829) Species general des coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome quatrieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, vii + 520 pp." type="book" year="1829">Dejean, 1829: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 68 (as genus).
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<typeStatus id="549290F4FF8ED716D320FEDBFD24202A" box="[629,679,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D25DFEDBFBFA202A" ID-CoL="4JSYC" authority="Dejean, 1929" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1929" box="[776,1145,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestitus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D25DFEDBFC65202D" box="[776,998,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus vestitus</emphasis>
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Dejean, 1929
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</taxonomicName>
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, designated by
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880847FF8ED716D44EFEDBFF6F204C" author="Hope, F. W." page="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" year="1838">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D44EFEDBFF6F204C" author="Hope, F. W." pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26410" refString="Hope, F. W. (1838) The coleopterist's manual, part the second, containing the predaceous land and water beetles of Linneus and Fabricius. H. G. Bohn, London, xvi + 168 pp., (1) + 4 pls." type="book" year="1838">Hope (1838: 88)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337DDDFF8ED716D1C2FE77FDF420FC" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D1C2FE77FDF420FC" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D1C2FE77FE9120B4" bold="true" box="[151,274,392,418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The members of this genus are readily recognizable by short mandibles, almost not bent apically (except for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D042FE52FE6320D0" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1923" box="[279,480,429,455]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="figuratus" subSpecies="pictus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D042FE52FE6320D0" box="[279,480,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">P. figuratus pictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), setaceous paraglossae, and densely punctate and pubescent body almost throughout, including scrobe of mandibles and labrum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337DDDFF8ED716D192FE0BFDC025C8" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D192FE0BFEC6253C" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D192FE0BFEDA2318" bold="true" box="[199,345,500,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Description.</emphasis>
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Body medium sized, rather densely punctate and pubescent almost throughout, including scrobe of mandibles and labrum. Head relatively large, without clypeo-ocular furrows; frontal foveae indistinct. Clypeal apex in many species more or less markedly emarginate and labral base often exposed dorsally.
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<collectingRegion id="49EDE0B4FF8ED716D599FDC2FAA82341" box="[1228,1323,573,599]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Mentum</collectingRegion>
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separated from submentum by complete transverse suture, without a median tooth (in some species apical margin slightly convex medially). Epilobes widened apically. Ligular sclerite narrow, with two ventroapical setae. Paraglossae very wide, rounded apically, setaceous at margins and on dorsal side laterally. Mandibles in most species modified: very short, not or only slightly bent apically, with almost straight mesal margin; left and right mandibles in repose almost not intersecting (in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D03BFD0EFDB5221C" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1923" box="[366,566,753,779]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="figuratus" subSpecies="pictus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D03BFD0EFDB5221C" box="[366,566,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">P. figuratus pictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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more elongate and curved apically); dorsal surface with longitudinal wrinkles. Elytra with a parascutellar pore and a long parascutellar (abbreviated) striole. Elytra without dorsal setigerous pores on intervals 3, 5 and 7 or with such pores (e.g., in the Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D2D4FCC6FB712245" authority="Chaudoir, 1878" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1878" box="[897,1266,824,851]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interpunctatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D2D4FCC6FBBD2244" box="[897,1086,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">P. interpunctatus</emphasis>
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Chaudoir, 1878
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D47DFCC6FEB32261" authority="Dejean, 1829" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D47DFCC6FA1E2244" box="[1320,1437,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">P. seriatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D1C2FCA3FEB32261" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[151,304,860,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26072" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. (1829) Species general des coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome quatrieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, vii + 520 pp." type="book" year="1829">Dejean, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Protibia with one to three preapical spines on outer margin. Metacoxa without a posteromedial pore. Metafemur with two setigerous pores along posterior margin. Metatarsomere 1 elongate, approximately as long or slightly shorter than metatarsomeres 2 and 3 combined. Male pro- and mesotarsi widened and with biseriate adhesive vestiture ventrally. Laterotergite with one or several setae apically; gonosubcoxite with one setae apically; gonocoxite with one or two thin setae on dorsal ridge of outer side near base. Median lobe with apical orifice in dorsal position.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D192FBCAFB4C2559" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" box="[199,1231,1076,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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Larva is described for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D096FBCAFC992559" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[451,794,1076,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavilabris">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D096FBCAFDD12558" box="[451,594,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">P. flavilabris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D335FBCBFC922559" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[608,785,1076,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26195" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. C. G. Proft et Storch, Hafniae, ii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D27DFBCBFBBB2559" author="Habu, A. & Sadanaga, K." box="[808,1080,1076,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="81 - 216" refId="ref26324" refString="Habu, A. & Sadanaga, K. (1965) Illustrations for identification of larvae of the Carabidae found in cultivated fields and paddyfields (III). Bulletin of National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Series C, 19, 81 - 216. [in Japanese, with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1965">Habu & Sadanaga 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D516FBCBFB412559" author="Habu, A." box="[1091,1218,1076,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26293" refString="Habu, A. (1973) Fauna Japonica. Carabidae: Harpalini (Insecta, Coleoptera). Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo, xiii + 430 pp." type="book" year="1973">Habu 1973</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D192FBA6FCE92565" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" box="[199,874,1112,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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Karyotype 2 n = 40 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D0FAFBA7FDFA2565" author="Yadav, J. S. & Karamjeet, K. & Yadav, A. S." box="[431,633,1112,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="328 - 347" refId="ref27673" refString="Yadav, J. S., Karamjeet, K. & Yadav, A. S. (1985) Karyotypic notes on 12 species of carabid beetles (Caraboidea: Adephaga) from Haryana. Zoologische Anzeiger, 215, 328 - 347." type="journal article" year="1985">
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Yadav
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D0AAFBA6FDB42564" box="[511,567,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">et al.</emphasis>
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1985
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D3D1FBA6FCDE2565" author="Serrano, J. & Galian, J. & Ortiz, A. S." box="[644,861,1112,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="55 - 61" refId="ref27524" refString="Serrano, J., Galian, J. & Ortiz, A. S. (1994) Karyotypic data and current taxonomic ideas of the tribe Harpalini (Coleoptera, Carabidae). In: Desender, K., Dufrene, M., Lareau, M., Luff, M. L. & Maelfait, J. - P. (Eds.), Carabid Beetles: Ecology and Evolution. Kluwer Aademic Press, Dortrecht, pp. 55 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 0968 - 2 _ 9" type="book chapter" year="1994">
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Serrano
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D3B7FBA6FC992564" box="[738,794,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">et al.</emphasis>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D192FB83FDC025C8" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D192FB83FDB72580" bold="true" box="[199,564,1148,1175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Composition and distribution.</emphasis>
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The genus comprises 33 species, 28 of which are known from Afrotropical Africa and
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<collectingCountry id="F33E6EC6FF8ED716D04AFB5FFE2B25AC" box="[287,424,1184,1210]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, four species from South and South
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<collectingCountry id="F33E6EC6FF8ED716D235FB5EFC5225AC" box="[864,977,1184,1211]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">East Asia</collectingCountry>
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, and one species is distributed both in Afrotropical Africa and in South Asia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337DDDFF8ED716D192FB16FD5B26E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D192FB16FE712479" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D192FB16FEB82415" bold="true" box="[199,315,1257,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Modified, very short mandibles, not bent apically in most species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D57DFB17FB432414" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" box="[1064,1216,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D57DFB17FB432414" box="[1064,1216,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are a unique feature among
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D1B9FAF3FEDA2430" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[236,345,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">Harpalini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, apparently associated with a specific
|
|
<typeStatus id="549290F4FF8ED716D258FAF2FCBE2431" box="[781,829,1293,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">type</typeStatus>
|
|
of food. Unfortunately, there is no information about the nutrition of species in nature. In the laboratory, adults and larvae of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D2FAFACEFBBE245C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[943,1085,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavilabris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D2FAFACEFBBE245C" box="[943,1085,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">P. flavilabris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were reared with lepidopterous pupae and larvae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D036FAABFE662479" author="Habu, A." box="[355,485,1364,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26293" refString="Habu, A. (1973) Fauna Japonica. Carabidae: Harpalini (Insecta, Coleoptera). Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo, xiii + 430 pp." type="book" year="1973">Habu 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B962E56FF8ED716D192FA87FD5B26E0" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
|
|
The taxonomic position of the genus is still unclear. Most of the old authors considered this taxon to be a congeneric or close to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D355FA63FC9E24A1" authority="MacLeay, 1825" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1825" box="[512,797,1436,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dioryche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D355FA63FDEB24A0" box="[512,616,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Dioryche</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D33BFA62FC9E24A1" author="Macleay, W. S." box="[622,797,1436,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref27068" refString="Macleay, W. S. (1825) Number 1. of Annulosa Javanica, or an attempt to illustrate the natural affinities and analogies of the insects collected in Java by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. & G. S. and deposited by him in the museum of the honourable East-India Company. Parbury & Allen, Kingsbury, London, XII + 50 pp., pl. 1. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 172997" type="book" year="1825">MacLeay, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D203FA63FBA424A1" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[854,1063,1436,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref25750" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1950) Revision generale des Harpalinae d'Afrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae). Premiere partie. Annales du Musee royale du Congo belge, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 6, 1 - 283, pls. I - IX." type="journal article" year="1950">Basilewsky (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D509FA62FA8624A0" author="Noonan, G." box="[1116,1285,1436,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="3 - 87" refId="ref27267" refString="Noonan, G. (1976) Synopsis of the supra-specific taxa of the tribe Harpalini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 12, 3 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Noonan (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
included it in the Selenophori genus group, but more recently
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D3FAFA3EFCDB24CD" author="Noonan, G. R." box="[687,856,1472,1499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref27298" refString="Noonan, G. R. (1985) Classification and names of the Selenophori group (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) and of nine genera and subgenera placed in incertae sedis within Harpalina. Milwaukee Public Museum, Contributions in Biology and Geology, 64, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1985">Noonan (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
treated
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D2E4FA3FFBCA24CC" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" box="[945,1097,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D2E4FA3FFBCA24CC" box="[945,1097,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a member of Harpali genus group due to its setaceous paraglossae. However, the relationship of this genus to Harpali seems highly questionable based on this feature alone. In the combination of other characters (general habitus, elytral intervals of some species with rows of setigerous pores on intervals 3, 5 and 7, metafemur with two setigerous pores along posterior margin, metatarsomere 1 elongate, median lobe with apical orifice in dorsal position),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D2A0F9AFFB0E277C" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" box="[1013,1165,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D2A0F9AFFB0E277C" box="[1013,1165,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is rather similar to other selenophorines and probably represents a lateral branch descending from Selenophori-like ancestor. The setaceous paraglossae, the only feature that distinguishes
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D3F1F967FCBF27A4" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" box="[676,828,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D3F1F967FCBF27A4" box="[676,828,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Selenophori, appears to have arisen in this genus independently of Harpali as well as in some representatives of Anisodactylina (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D578F943FF4C27ED" authority="Guerin-Meneville 1847" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crasodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D578F943FB4C27C0" box="[1069,1231,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Crasodactylus</emphasis>
|
|
Guérin-Méneville 1847
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D050F91FFDD727ED" authority="Muller, 1938" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1938" box="[261,596,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Progonochaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D050F91FFE3F27EC" box="[261,444,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Progonochaetus</emphasis>
|
|
Müller, 1938
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and Ditomina (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D214F91FFBFA27ED" authority="Chaudoir, 1842" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1842" box="[833,1145,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chilotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D214F91FFC4127EC" box="[833,962,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Chilotomus</emphasis>
|
|
Chaudoir, 1842
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D5D6F91FFA1B27ED" authority="Solier, 1834" authorityName="Solier" authorityYear="1834" box="[1155,1432,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D5D6F91FFA8427EC" box="[1155,1287,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Pachycarus</emphasis>
|
|
Solier, 1834
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D1C2F8FBFE652608" authority="Csiki, 1906" authorityName="Csiki" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,486,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tschitscherinellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D1C2F8FBFEE32608" box="[151,352,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Tschitscherinellus</emphasis>
|
|
Csiki, 1906
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D34FF8FBFCD02609" authority="Chaudoir, 1850" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[538,851,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Machozetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D34FF8FBFD232608" box="[538,672,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Machozetus</emphasis>
|
|
Chaudoir, 1850
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) most members of which have glabrous paraglossae. Molecular data does not support a close relationship of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2955D5FF8ED716D242F8D7FC2C2654" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1829" box="[791,943,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platymetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D242F8D7FC2C2654" box="[791,943,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Platymetopus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to Harpali (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D569F8D7FA122655" author="Martinez-Navarro, E. M. & Galian, J. & Serrano, J." box="[1084,1425,1832,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" pagination="127 - 146" refId="ref27160" refString="Martinez-Navarro, E. M., Galian, J. & Serrano, J. (2005) Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the tribe Harpalini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-oxidase I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35, 127 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.11.009" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
|
Martinez-Navarro
|
|
<emphasis id="B95DF244FF8ED716D444F8D6FAC82654" box="[1297,1355,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The closer relationship of the genus to Selenophori is also indirectly confirmed by its geographical distribution in the Afrotropical and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49EDE0B4FF8ED716D0FFF88FFD85269C" box="[426,518,1904,1930]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
|
regions. According to my data (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB853A7FF8ED716D2D7F88EFB9A269D" author="Kataev, B. M." box="[898,1049,1905,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" refId="ref26521" refString="Kataev, B. M. (2009) Ground-beetles of the genus Harpalus Latr. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the world: systematics, zoogeography, phylogeny. Abstract of the PhD thesis, Saint Petersburg, 23 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2009">Kataev 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Harpali genus group apparently originated in the Holarctic, where they are predominantly distributed now, and whence they came to Africa, where their modern distribution is limited to the eastern and southern regions. There are no recent genera of Harpali widely distributed in the Afrotropical and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49EDE0B4FF8ED716D34EF823FDF426E0" box="[539,631,2012,2038]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
|
regions.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |