292 lines
40 KiB
XML
292 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="1927212F9EB5F3B6F481F31EB8340D0F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.4.6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.4.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="daf396ee-2f31-4b6c-82c4-66b4b59707ad" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258305" ID-ZooBank="2E90F49C-C27F-4A8A-8073-0DCC34962A71" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1472625235924" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yamada, Kazutaka, Soe, Zayar & Naing, Shine Shane" docDate="2016" docId="7E3387A7FF94F20001F58CCD7568ECFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4158.4.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4158 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bilia Distant 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="546" masterDocId="820AFFDFFF96F20201628C107068E916" masterDocTitle="First records of two flower bug genera from Myanmar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Anthocorinae: Oriini), with description of a new species of Bilia" masterLastPageNumber="556" masterPageNumber="544" pageNumber="546" updateTime="1698383627126" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4DD27B4C81CF8D08ABBE0E438148A260">First records of two flower bug genera from Myanmar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Anthocorinae: Oriini), with description of a new species of Bilia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D5A8882D0AE46B3E2B7425CDAFC8831">Yasunaga, Tomohide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01FA197CE80AFFB7619F8224F6343B03">Yamada, Kazutaka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D93D5AC18C16DC03B47C77F71A177DA2">Soe, Zayar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2DD12B23A0999B788351A27D60F7A367">Naing, Shine Shane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15812B35287463A5C5B6A93EE67DF419">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4D9DFBD799EC9C2B351141A95D48FE15">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="342E6DB9D22D9290CB74623152D2A8C8">4158</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001F58CCD71BCE9E1" blockId="2.[151,468,221,247]" box="[151,468,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001F58CCD71BCE9E1" bold="true" box="[151,468,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200018F8CCD71BCE9E1" authority="Distant, 1904" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1904" box="[237,468,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F200018F8CCD7140E9E1" bold="true" box="[237,296,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Bilia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20000528CCD71BCE9E1" author="Distant" box="[304,468,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Distant, W. L. (1904) Rhynchota. Vol. II. In: Blanford, W. T. (Ed.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 243 - 503." type="book chapter" year="1904">Distant, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="BE80653AFF94F20001F58D3474D0E8A2" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001F58D347414E861" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20001F58D3471E3E82C" authority="Distant, 1904: 480" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="480" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,395,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001F58D3470A1E82C" box="[151,201,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Bilia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="773B10A0FF94F20001AD8D3471E3E82C" author="Distant" box="[207,395,292,314]" page="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20001AD8D347133E82C" author="Distant" box="[207,347,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Distant, W. L. (1904) Rhynchota. Vol. II. In: Blanford, W. T. (Ed.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 243 - 503." type="book chapter" year="1904">Distant, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 480
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</taxonomicName>
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(in
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20000D78D34726FE82C" ID-CoL="624LX" box="[437,519,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
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) (type species by original designation:
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20002F48D3574EAE82C" authority="Distant, 1904" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1904" box="[918,1154,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fracta">
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<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20002F48D357387E82C" box="[918,1007,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">B. fracta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20002948D3474EAE82C" author="Distant" box="[1014,1154,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Distant, W. L. (1904) Rhynchota. Vol. II. In: Blanford, W. T. (Ed.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 243 - 503." type="book chapter" year="1904">Distant, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20005F78D3475F3E82C" author="Carayon" box="[1173,1435,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. (1958) Etudes sur les Hemipteres Cimicoidea. I. Position des genres Bilia, Biliola, Bilianella et Wollastoniella dans une tribu nouvelle (Oriini) des Anthocoridae; differences entre ces derniers et les Miridae Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 16 (5), 141 - 172." type="journal article" year="1958">Carayon (1958: 154, 159)</bibRefCitation>
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||
(transferred to tribe
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||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20000F58D5371BBE84F" box="[407,467,323,345]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oriini">Oriini</taxonomicName>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200009B8D5372E0E84F" ID-CoL="6H5" box="[505,648,323,345]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthocoridae</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20003F88D537471E84E" author="Carayon" box="[666,1049,322,345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. & Miyamoto, S. (1960) Especes nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Bilia Distant trouvees au Japon et a Formose (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae). Mushi, 33 (4), 19 - 35, tabs. 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1960">Carayon & Miyamoto (1960: 20−26)</bibRefCitation>
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(redesc.);
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<treatmentCitation id="773B10A0FF94F20005EA8D537530E84F" author="Pericart" box="[1160,1368,322,345]" page="121" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20005EA8D537530E84F" author="Pericart" box="[1160,1368,322,345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Pericart, J. (1996) Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, Ch. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 108 - 140." type="book" year="1996">Péricart (1996: 121)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="773B10A0FF94F20001A58D7271CDE861" author="Yasunaga" box="[199,421,353,375]" page="353" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20001A58D7271CDE861" author="Yasunaga" box="[199,421,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Yasunaga T (2000) Anthocorid bugs of the tribe Oriini (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 353 - 359." type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga (2000: 353)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(diag.);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="773B10A0FF94F20000998D7272B2E861" author="Yasunaga" box="[507,730,353,375]" page="284" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20000998D7272B2E861" author="Yasunaga" box="[507,730,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2001) Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836, flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. In: Yasunaga, T., Takai, M. & Kawasawa, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese Bugs II - Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 278 - 303, pls. 85 - 89." type="book chapter" year="2001">Yasunaga (2001: 284)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(diag.);
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<treatmentCitation id="773B10A0FF94F20002538D727444E861" author="Bu" box="[817,1068,353,375]" page="177" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20002538D727444E861" author="Bu" box="[817,1068,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Bu, W. J. & Zheng, L. Y. (2001) Hemiptera Lasiochilidae Lyctocoridae Anthocoridae. Fauna Sinica Insecta. Vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing, 267 pp." type="book" year="2001">Bu & Zheng (2001: 177)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(diag.).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001F58D9074D0E8A2" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001F58D9070B4E880" box="[151,220,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Biliola</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20001858D9071E3E880" author="Carvalho" box="[231,395,384,406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. (1951) New genera and species of Isometopidae in the British Museum of Natural History (Hemiptera). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 23, 381 - 391." type="journal article" year="1951">Carvalho, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 386 (in
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20000918D90722FE880" ID-CoL="624LX" box="[499,583,384,406]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
|
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), type species by monotypy:
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||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20002E48D9073A3E880" box="[902,971,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Biliola</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20002B48D9174B5E880" authority="Carvalho, 1951" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1951" box="[982,1245,384,406]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20002B48D917458E880" box="[982,1072,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">castanea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F200055E8D9074B5E880" author="Carvalho" box="[1084,1245,384,406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. (1951) New genera and species of Isometopidae in the British Museum of Natural History (Hemiptera). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 23, 381 - 391." type="journal article" year="1951">Carvalho, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20001A58D8E718BE8A2" author="Carayon" box="[199,483,414,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. & Miyamoto, S. (1960) Especes nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Bilia Distant trouvees au Japon et a Formose (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae). Mushi, 33 (4), 19 - 35, tabs. 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1960">Carayon & Miyamoto 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F200037E8D8E7286E8A2" author="Carayon" box="[540,750,414,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. (1958) Etudes sur les Hemipteres Cimicoidea. I. Position des genres Bilia, Biliola, Bilianella et Wollastoniella dans une tribu nouvelle (Oriini) des Anthocoridae; differences entre ces derniers et les Miridae Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 16 (5), 141 - 172." type="journal article" year="1958">Carayon (1958: 160)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(transferred to tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20002A28D8E7394E8A2" box="[960,1020,414,436]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oriini">Oriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200057C8D8E74C5E8A2" ID-CoL="6H5" box="[1054,1197,414,436]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthocoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE80653AFF94F20001F58DF17180EBC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001F58DF17180EBC4" blockId="2.[151,1437,481,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
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||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001F58DF17179E8EC" bold="true" box="[151,273,481,506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
Distinguished from other anthocorid genera by the following combination of characters: rounded, tortoise-shaped body; basic coloration brown to fuscous; shiny dorsal surface with uniformly distributed, wooly, reclining or semi-erect setae; short and widened head; male paramere C- or J-shaped, slender, apically tapered and accompanied by a median, small, slender projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F200038B8E5D73F2EB70" box="[745,922,589,614]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1661,1684]" captionTargetBox="[173,1423,212,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 28. Male (24 − 25, 27 − 28) and female (26) genitalia of Bilia castanea (24), B. burma n. sp. (25 − 26), B. pilosa Yasunaga (from Japan) (27), and Wollastoniella rotunda (28), named on the figures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258310/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Figs. 24−25, 27</figureCitation>
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) that is homologous with ‘flagellum’ in
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<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200043E8E5E75F4EB73" box="[1372,1436,590,613]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F200043E8E5E75F4EB73" box="[1372,1436,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Orius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F20001FD8E61709DEB9C" box="[159,245,625,650]" captionStart="FIGURE 29 − 35" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1450]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1464]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 29 − 35. Schematic lineages shown with male parameres and female copulatory tube (29, 31 – 34) of five representative genera. 29, Kitocoris hahajima Yasunaga (redrawn from Yasunaga 2000). 30, Montandoniola pictipennis (Esaki) (from Ya mada et al., 2010 b). 31, Orius minutus (L.) (from Yasunaga 1997 b). 32, Bilia burma n. sp. 33, Wollastoniella parvicuneis Yasunaga (from Yasunaga 1995). 34, W. rotunda Miyamoto & Yasunaga (from Miyamoto & Yasunaga 1993). 35, Hypothesized intermediate condition between Bilia and Wollastoniella. Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258311/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200005E8E6171B5EB9C" box="[316,477,625,650]" class="Insecta" family="Wrangeliaceae" genus="Wollastoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F200005E8E6171B5EB9C" box="[316,477,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Wollastoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F20000928E617217EB9C" box="[496,639,625,650]" captionStart="FIGURE 29 − 35" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1450]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1464]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 29 − 35. Schematic lineages shown with male parameres and female copulatory tube (29, 31 – 34) of five representative genera. 29, Kitocoris hahajima Yasunaga (redrawn from Yasunaga 2000). 30, Montandoniola pictipennis (Esaki) (from Ya mada et al., 2010 b). 31, Orius minutus (L.) (from Yasunaga 1997 b). 32, Bilia burma n. sp. 33, Wollastoniella parvicuneis Yasunaga (from Yasunaga 1995). 34, W. rotunda Miyamoto & Yasunaga (from Miyamoto & Yasunaga 1993). 35, Hypothesized intermediate condition between Bilia and Wollastoniella. Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258311/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Figs. 33−34</figureCitation>
|
||
); female copulatory tube fragile, totally membranous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F20004628E617531EB9C" box="[1280,1369,625,650]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1661,1684]" captionTargetBox="[173,1423,212,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 28. Male (24 − 25, 27 − 28) and female (26) genitalia of Bilia castanea (24), B. burma n. sp. (25 − 26), B. pilosa Yasunaga (from Japan) (27), and Wollastoniella rotunda (28), named on the figures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258310/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). The immature form has a fuscous, rounded, hemispheric body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F20002588E8573E8EBB8" box="[826,896,661,686]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,301,1779]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 7. Bilia burma, habitat, habitus images and a tingid co-occurring in same niche. 1, Adult female (arrowed) of Bilia burma on Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. 2, Bilia burma, female adult. 3, Ditto, male. 4, Ditto, male (left) and female adults (center), with a coccid (right). 5, Ditto, male adult. 6, Ditto, fifth instar nymph. 7, Monosteira sp. (Tingidae). All images taken on Oct 17, 2015." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258306/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Detailed generic characters were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20001F58EAA718BEBC4" author="Carayon" box="[151,483,697,722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. & Miyamoto, S. (1960) Especes nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Bilia Distant trouvees au Japon et a Formose (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae). Mushi, 33 (4), 19 - 35, tabs. 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1960">Carayon & Miyamoto (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE80653AFF94F20001A58ECD72DAEA0F" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001A58ECD72DAEA0F" blockId="2.[151,1437,481,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001A58ECD7108EBE0" bold="true" box="[199,352,733,758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the Oriental and eastern Palearctic regions; currently recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F200046B8ECD7527EBE0" box="[1289,1359,733,758]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F20004398ECD75FFEBE0" box="[1371,1431,733,758]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F20001F58F1270B2EA0F" box="[151,218,770,793]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F20001878F12713CEA0C" box="[229,340,770,794]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F200003C8F1171DBEA0C" box="[350,435,769,794]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Russian Far East.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE80653AFF94F20001A58F357242EAE4" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001A58F357242EAE4" blockId="2.[151,1437,481,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001A58F357124EA28" bold="true" box="[199,332,805,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20003BA8F357311EA28" box="[728,889,805,830]" class="Insecta" family="Wrangeliaceae" genus="Wollastoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20003BA8F357311EA28" box="[728,889,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Wollastoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it may be separated only by the genitalia; the diagnostic features were argued extensively by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20002228F5A7398EA74" author="Carayon" box="[832,1008,841,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. (1958) Etudes sur les Hemipteres Cimicoidea. I. Position des genres Bilia, Biliola, Bilianella et Wollastoniella dans une tribu nouvelle (Oriini) des Anthocoridae; differences entre ces derniers et les Miridae Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 16 (5), 141 - 172." type="journal article" year="1958">Carayon (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20005448F5A7519EA74" author="Carayon" box="[1062,1393,841,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. & Miyamoto, S. (1960) Especes nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Bilia Distant trouvees au Japon et a Formose (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae). Mushi, 33 (4), 19 - 35, tabs. 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1960">Carayon & Miyamoto (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20004198F5A7138EA90" author="Bu" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Bu, W. J. & Zheng, L. Y. (2001) Hemiptera Lasiochilidae Lyctocoridae Anthocoridae. Fauna Sinica Insecta. Vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing, 267 pp." type="book" year="2001">Bu & Zheng (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20000E98F7E7255EA90" author="Carayon" box="[395,573,877,902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. (1958) Etudes sur les Hemipteres Cimicoidea. I. Position des genres Bilia, Biliola, Bilianella et Wollastoniella dans une tribu nouvelle (Oriini) des Anthocoridae; differences entre ces derniers et les Miridae Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 16 (5), 141 - 172." type="journal article" year="1958">Carayon (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested the general body shape and puncture pattern on the pronotum as key diagnostic characters; however, these external characters are now found not to be applicable to every species. In addition, the immature forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20003208FA57211EAD8" box="[578,633,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20003208FA57211EAD8" box="[578,633,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Bilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20003D88FA57333EAD8" box="[698,859,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Wrangeliaceae" genus="Wollastoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20003D88FA57333EAD8" box="[698,859,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Wollastoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species exhibit totally similar (or fundamentally identical) shape (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F20000198FC971A0EAE4" box="[379,456,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,301,1779]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 7. Bilia burma, habitat, habitus images and a tingid co-occurring in same niche. 1, Adult female (arrowed) of Bilia burma on Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. 2, Bilia burma, female adult. 3, Ditto, male. 4, Ditto, male (left) and female adults (center), with a coccid (right). 5, Ditto, male adult. 6, Ditto, fifth instar nymph. 7, Monosteira sp. (Tingidae). All images taken on Oct 17, 2015." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258306/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F200009C8FCA7275EAE4" box="[510,541,986,1010]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 − 19" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1724,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,195,1703]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14 − 19. Wollastoniella rotunda, habitat (14), habitus images (15 − 17), a leafhopper (18) and a tingid (19) cooccurring in same niche. 14, Wollastoniella rotunda, adult female (arrowed) on Urena lobata L. 15, Ditto, male adult. 16, Ditto, female adult. 17, Ditto, fifth instar nymph. 18, A typhlocybine leafhopper (Delphacidae: Typhlocybinae). 19, Haedus sp. (Tingidae: Tinginae). All images taken on Sep 28, 2015." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE80653AFF94F20001A58FED7568ECFC" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001A58FED7462EC04" blockId="2.[151,1437,481,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20001A58FED7096ED00" box="[199,254,1021,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20001A58FED7096ED00" box="[199,254,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Bilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is posited to be composed of Asian elements, based on the distribution patterns of the nine known species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F20001B488317178ED2C" box="[214,272,1057,1082]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F2000028883171D1ED2C" box="[330,441,1057,1082]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="345EF853FF94F20000838832727DED2F" box="[481,533,1058,1081]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the Sundaland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20003B68832731FED2C" author="Carayon" box="[724,887,1058,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. (1982) Wollastoniella testudo n. sp., hemiptere Anthocoridae predateur d'un acarien nuisible au theier a Java. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam, 8 (16), 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Carayon 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Pacific Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20005F888327525ED2C" author="Yasunaga" box="[1178,1357,1058,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Yasunaga T (2000) Anthocorid bugs of the tribe Oriini (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 353 - 359." type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); more than a few undescribed species have also been found in Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F20002D288557472ED48" box="[944,1050,1093,1118]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F200054B88557404ED48" box="[1065,1132,1093,1118]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8D7621FF94F20005C888557566ED48" box="[1194,1294,1093,1118]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Yamada & Yasunaga, unpublished data). In the Oriental Region including the Himalayan area, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20005E9887974AAED94" box="[1163,1218,1129,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20005E9887974AAED94" box="[1163,1218,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Bilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F2000599887975F4ED94" box="[1275,1436,1129,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Wrangeliaceae" genus="Wollastoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F2000599887975F4ED94" box="[1275,1436,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Wollastoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F200007F889E7199EDB0" author="Bu" box="[285,497,1165,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Bu, W. J. & Zheng, L. Y. (2001) Hemiptera Lasiochilidae Lyctocoridae Anthocoridae. Fauna Sinica Insecta. Vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing, 267 pp." type="book" year="2001">Bu & Zheng 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the latter genus occurs in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F2000293889E74FDEDB0" author="Carayon" box="[1009,1173,1165,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. (1958) Etudes sur les Hemipteres Cimicoidea. I. Position des genres Bilia, Biliola, Bilianella et Wollastoniella dans une tribu nouvelle (Oriini) des Anthocoridae; differences entre ces derniers et les Miridae Isometopinae (Heteroptera). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 16 (5), 141 - 172." type="journal article" year="1958">Carayon 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20005C0889D755AEDB0" author="Ghauri" box="[1186,1330,1165,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Ghauri, M. S. K. (1987) A new species of Wollastoniella Reuter from Kenya, with a brief note on W. gatti Ghauri (Insecta, Heteroptera, Anthocoridae). Reichenbachia, 25, 33 - 37." type="journal article" year="1987">Ghauri 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the two genera are most probably derived from a lineage (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA12A34FF94F200039388A17311EDDC" box="[753,889,1201,1226]" captionStart="FIGURE 29 − 35" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1450]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1464]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 29 − 35. Schematic lineages shown with male parameres and female copulatory tube (29, 31 – 34) of five representative genera. 29, Kitocoris hahajima Yasunaga (redrawn from Yasunaga 2000). 30, Montandoniola pictipennis (Esaki) (from Ya mada et al., 2010 b). 31, Orius minutus (L.) (from Yasunaga 1997 b). 32, Bilia burma n. sp. 33, Wollastoniella parvicuneis Yasunaga (from Yasunaga 1995). 34, W. rotunda Miyamoto & Yasunaga (from Miyamoto & Yasunaga 1993). 35, Hypothesized intermediate condition between Bilia and Wollastoniella. Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258311/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Figs. 32–34</figureCitation>
|
||
, B) once present in the Himalayan region where many Asian organisms are assumed to have originated. To demonstrate this hypothesis, however, further broader surveys on the characters are required, which is beyond the scope of this work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62536B1FF94F20001A5890D7568ECFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,481,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Members of the genus appear to be predaceous as evidenced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20002A2890E744CEC20" box="[960,1060,1309,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20002A2890E744CEC20" box="[960,1060,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">B. esakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F2000501890E7480EC23" box="[1123,1256,1310,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F2000501890E7480EC23" box="[1123,1256,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">B. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have been observed preying on typhlocybine leafhoppers and/or psyllids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F200023889527463EC4C" author="Yasunaga" box="[858,1035,1346,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2001) Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836, flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. In: Yasunaga, T., Takai, M. & Kawasawa, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese Bugs II - Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 278 - 303, pls. 85 - 89." type="book chapter" year="2001">Yasunaga 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F200057D89527500EC4C" author="Carayon" box="[1055,1384,1345,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Carayon, J. & Miyamoto, S. (1960) Especes nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Bilia Distant trouvees au Japon et a Formose (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae). Mushi, 33 (4), 19 - 35, tabs. 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1960">Carayon & Miyamoto (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also documented that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20000038976718FEC6B" box="[353,487,1382,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20000038976718FEC6B" box="[353,487,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">B. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
preyed on the eggs and nymphs of cicadellid leafhoppers, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20005BF8976750DEC6B" box="[1245,1381,1382,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20005BF8976750DEC6B" box="[1245,1381,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">B. castanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported as a natural enemy of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F2000370899972BAECB7" box="[530,722,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Lipaphis erysimi</emphasis>
|
||
(Kaltenbach, 1843) (Aphididae) which is injurious to black mustard,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200006289BE71CFECD3" box="[256,423,1454,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F200006289BE71CFECD3" box="[256,423,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Brassica nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (Brassicaceae) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920B4B40FF94F20003E089BD7339ECD0" author="Ghosh" box="[642,849,1453,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" refString="Ghosh, D., Poddar, S. & Raychaudhuri, D. N. (1981) Natural enemy complex of Aphis craccivora Koch and Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in and around Calcutta, West Bengal. Science and Culture, 47 (2), 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Ghosh
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20003B689BE7366ECD0" box="[724,782,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These observations suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F20005B689BD7562ECD0" box="[1236,1290,1453,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Bilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F20005B689BD7562ECD0" box="[1236,1290,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Bilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species may prefer hemipterous insects rather than thrips which are generally preferred by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319A4D32FF94F200056289C174C8ECFC" box="[1024,1184,1489,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Wrangeliaceae" genus="Wollastoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4EEEAA3FF94F200056289C174C8ECFC" box="[1024,1184,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="546">Wollastoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |