798 lines
174 KiB
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798 lines
174 KiB
XML
<document id="A2AB4E0AF6BB482D0209B761751448D1" ID-CLB-Dataset="298400" ID-DOI="10.5194/fr-23-117-2020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f464c39b-46fe-425c-b570-89dbb68f3e7f" ID-ISSN="2193-0074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359717" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1716846338526" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cicimurri, David J., Ebersole, Jun A. & Martin, George" docDate="2020" docId="03C7E527FFB1FFE0FC88FADEFC795E4F" docLanguage="en" docName="FossRec.23.2.117-140.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Record 23 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-117-2020" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D.2:FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D" docStyleName="FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mennerotodus mackayi Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2F9AABDC-5E09-4962-9D81-2EC13302109B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFFE9D5FFFB5FFE9FFE1FFDBFF9D5C29" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1718196665428" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="70E88D7DCDADACFA89A58623569E09D2">Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8B84BDFE3B43BA9F841EC8A1AE6A3D0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8DC42BBCF7A624A6FB7C30BE1B5C66AC">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C5C99EB6D649A5FC8B56326389320C82">Jun A. Ebersole & South Carolina State Museum, 301 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="78CA69245AA9A8DDBA552F49ED211526" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0160F6E322E49807D32599F2CC322784">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C1F09E98607ABE9068E8A7C26072C962">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="148504F51228E7CFCF3E727B41638B30">George Martin & McWane Science Center, 200 19 th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="06B11DDD383E3F2720B3AEB2E765DB05">Martin, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B08A18EE2A620870A567A1A5B12A5A0">641 Apache Street, Auburn, AL 36830, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3658CD85C4FF1015709726D9BED75427">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F43C15ADD7178F5F5D479F8AE9C843FE">
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<mods:date id="0F49A28EF4904E5637C9ECF3230A1695">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C0FFDE51BB0D4BD1308AF3AC49884EB4">2020-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="68A86BEC4E07FF8CC98BAD28A8971CCB">23</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A777B2DA8EF8FFAA038A94288DE042B8">117</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="FC4E707E4907D6EBFE9BBE410AEB7069">http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-117-2020</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03C7E527FFB1FFE0FC88FADEFC795E4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11617153" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232733498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11617153" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F9AABDC-5E09-4962-9D81-2EC13302109B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7E527FFB1FFE0FC88FADEFC795E4F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFB1FFEDFC88FADEFB0B5958" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFEDFC88FADEFB255935" blockId="4.[873,1208,1285,1309]" box="[873,1208,1285,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D099E35DFFB1FFEDFC88FADEFB255935" box="[873,1208,1285,1309]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" reason="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFB1FFEDFC88FADEFBC25934" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[873,1119,1285,1309]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB1FFEDFC88FADEFBC25934" box="[873,1119,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFB1FFEDFB87FADEFB255935" box="[1126,1208,1285,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFEDFC88FAE1FB0B5958" blockId="4.[873,1412,1338,1393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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<collectionCode id="ED7FCCF4FFB1FFEDFC88FAE1FC395978" box="[873,932,1338,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">LSID</collectionCode>
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<uri id="FFFF5833FFB1FFEDFC4BFAE1FB0B5958" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC86EE4FFB1FFEDFB4EFAE1FB0B5958" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">2F9AABDC-5E09- 4962-9D81-2EC13302109B</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFB1FFEDFCD2FA42FB6759FA" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFEDFCD2FA42FB6759FA" blockId="4.[819,1463,1433,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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||
2011
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFB1FFEDFC8EFA42FB7C5999" authority=", Becker et al." authorityName="Becker" box="[879,1249,1433,1457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB1FFEDFC8EFA42FC7A5998" box="[879,999,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Carcharias</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB1FFEDFBEFFA42FBD25998" box="[1038,1103,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">whitei</emphasis>
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, Becker et al.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, p. 19, figs. 4.5,
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<date id="FFD072F1FFB1FFEDFA6FFA42FCF559FA" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" value="2019-06-04">4.6. 2019</date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFB1FFEDFC8EFA60FB9359FA" box="[879,1038,1467,1491]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB1FFEDFC8EFA60FC7A59FA" box="[879,999,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Carcharias</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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, Maisch et al., fig.
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<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB1FFEDFB39FA67FB6B59FA" box="[1240,1270,1468,1491]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFB1FFEEFCD2FA20FE9E5E4F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFEDFCD2FA20FC335A3A" blockId="4.[819,942,1531,1555]" box="[819,942,1531,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB1FFEDFCD2FA20FC335A3A" bold="true" box="[819,942,1531,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFEDFCD2F9EDFC3F5A84" blockId="4.[819,1462,1590,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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||
The species is named for John L. Mackay, initial President and CEO at McWane Science Center, Birmingham,
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<collectingRegion id="49AA9AD3FFB1FFEDFA72F98DFCE65AA4" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37914A1FFB1FFEDFC64F9ADFC205AA4" box="[901,957,1654,1677]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
, in honor of his distinguished career in informal education.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFEDFCD2F914FC365ACE" blockId="4.[819,939,1743,1767]" box="[819,939,1743,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB1FFEDFCD2F914FC365ACE" bold="true" box="[819,939,1743,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Hypodigm</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB1FFECFCD2F8D1FF385A14" blockId="4.[819,1462,1802,1921]" lastBlockId="5.[124,766,1319,1597]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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||
MSC 42411 (
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||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB1FFEDFC37F8D1FBAA5B08" box="[982,1079,1802,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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), first upper right anterior tooth (
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<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB1FFEDFCDAF8F1FC3E5B68" box="[827,931,1834,1857]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Fig. 3a–e</figureCitation>
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); MSC 42408 (
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<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB1FFEDFBA2F8F1FB395B68" box="[1091,1188,1834,1857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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), second upper right anterior tooth (
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<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB1FFEDFC44F891FB995B48" box="[933,1028,1866,1889]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Fig. 3f–j</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42413 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB1FFEDFB44F891FA9B5B48" box="[1189,1286,1866,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), third upper left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB1FFEDFC37F8B1FBDF5BA8" box="[982,1090,1898,1921]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">Fig. 3k–o</figureCitation>
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||
); MSC 42412 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB1FFEDFB0BF8B1FAD15BA8" box="[1258,1356,1898,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), first upper right lateral tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFE86FAFCFE575917" box="[359,458,1319,1342]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 3p–t</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42416 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFD88FAFCFD575917" box="[617,714,1319,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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), upper posterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFEB0FA9CFE215977" box="[337,444,1351,1374]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 3u–y</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42407 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFD80FA9CFD5F5977" box="[609,706,1351,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), first lower left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFE69FABCFE725957" box="[392,495,1383,1406]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42405 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFD73FABCFD6E5957" box="[658,755,1383,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), second lower right anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFE1CFA5CFDFF59B7" box="[509,610,1415,1438]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4f–j</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42410 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFF62FA7CFF795997" box="[131,228,1447,1470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), third lower right anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFDA8FA7CFD2E5997" box="[585,691,1447,1470]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4k–o</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42406 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFF2DFA1DFEB059F4" box="[204,301,1478,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), fourth lower left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFD6FFA1DFD6F59F4" box="[654,754,1478,1501]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4p–t</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42409 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFEEAFA3DFEF159D4" box="[267,364,1510,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), lower right lateral tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFD66FA3DFD6E59D4" box="[647,755,1510,1533]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4u–y</figureCitation>
|
||
); MSC 42632 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB0FFECFEEDF9DDFEF05A34" box="[268,365,1542,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), lower right posterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB0FFECFD47F9DDFD6D5A34" box="[678,752,1542,1565]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4z</figureCitation>
|
||
– ad).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1104B9FFB0FFECFF9DFBC5FDC858CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" startId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" targetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB0FFECFF9DFBC5FDC858CD" blockId="5.[124,1463,1054,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF9DFBC5FF44581D" bold="true" box="[124,217,1054,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFB0FFECFF01FBC4FE5D581D" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[224,448,1055,1076]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF01FBC4FE5D581D" box="[224,448,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFB0FFECFE26FBC4FD8E581D" box="[455,531,1055,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFDA5FBE0FDEA5878" bold="true" box="[580,631,1083,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(a–e)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFB6BFBE0FB3B5878" bold="true" box="[1162,1190,1083,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFAFFFBE0FAA65878" bold="true" box="[1310,1339,1083,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF9DFB82FF0B5846" bold="true" box="[124,150,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFEC8FB82FEDB5846" bold="true" box="[297,326,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFE31FB82FE775846" bold="true" box="[464,490,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(e)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFD17FB82FCBF5846" bold="true" box="[758,802,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(f–j)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFA83FB82FAE75846" bold="true" box="[1378,1402,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF52FBADFF5258A5" bold="true" box="[179,207,1142,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(g)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFEAFFBADFEF658A5" bold="true" box="[334,363,1142,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(h)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFE16FBADFD9058A5" bold="true" box="[503,525,1142,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(i)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFD71FBADFD3A58A5" bold="true" box="[656,679,1142,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(j)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFBC0FBADFBCB58A5" bold="true" box="[1057,1110,1142,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(k–o)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFEC0FB48FEA35880" bold="true" box="[289,318,1171,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(k)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFE59FB48FE525880" bold="true" box="[440,463,1171,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(l)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFDB1FB48FDE95880" bold="true" box="[592,628,1171,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(m)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFCE2FB48FCBD5880" bold="true" box="[771,800,1171,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(n)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFC47FB48FC5C5880" bold="true" box="[934,961,1171,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(o)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFB29FB48FB645880" bold="true" box="[1224,1273,1171,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(p–t)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFE85FB6BFE1C58EF" bold="true" box="[356,385,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(p)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFE1AFB6BFD8558EF" bold="true" box="[507,536,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(q)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFD78FB6BFD2958EF" bold="true" box="[665,692,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(r)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFCA2FB6BFCC158EF" bold="true" box="[835,860,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(s)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFC00FB6BFC6458EF" bold="true" box="[993,1017,1200,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(t)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF31FB15FF7158CD" bold="true" box="[208,236,1230,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF19FB15FE8D58CD" bold="true" box="[248,272,1230,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFEFDFB15FEA458CD" bold="true" box="[284,313,1230,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(k)</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFE8FFB15FE1658CD" bold="true" box="[366,395,1230,1252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(p)</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB0FFECFF9DF9B3FEC65AA9" blockId="5.[124,347,1640,1664]" box="[124,347,1640,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB0FFECFF9DF9B3FEC65AA9" bold="true" box="[124,347,1640,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Referred specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB0FFEEFF9DF970FE9E5E4F" blockId="5.[124,767,1707,1921]" lastBlockId="7.[124,767,176,614]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="5" pageNumber="122">
|
||
MSC 42414, second upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFDB8F970FD695AEB" box="[601,756,1707,1730]" count="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42415, second upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFDA6F911FD695AC8" box="[583,756,1738,1761]" count="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42417, lower posterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFDE8F931FD2C5B28" box="[521,689,1770,1793]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42418, third upper anterior tooth; MSC 42419, third upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFEA5F8F1FE605B68" box="[324,509,1834,1857]" count="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42420, third upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFEB5F891FD905B48" box="[340,525,1866,1889]" count="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42421, upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42422, upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42423, upper right lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB18FAFCFA365917" box="[1273,1451,1319,1342]" count="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42424, upper right lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB32FA9CFAF65977" box="[1235,1387,1351,1374]" count="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">35 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42425, lower left lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB62FABCFA875957" box="[1155,1306,1383,1406]" count="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42426, lower right lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFBDFFA5CFB7459B7" box="[1086,1257,1415,1438]" count="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42427, first lower anterior tooth; MSC 42428, first lower anterior tooth; MSC 42429, first lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB0FFA1DFA3659F4" box="[1262,1451,1478,1501]" count="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42430, third lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB39FA3DFAF059D4" box="[1240,1389,1510,1533]" count="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42431, third lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB56F9DDFAFB5A34" box="[1207,1382,1542,1565]" count="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42432, lower lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB91F9FDFA905A14" box="[1136,1293,1574,1597]" count="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42433, lower lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFBE9F99DFB3D5A74" box="[1032,1184,1606,1629]" count="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">43 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42434, first upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFC31F9BDFBF65A54" box="[976,1131,1638,1661]" count="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42435, first upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFC41F95DFBAB5AB4" box="[928,1078,1670,1693]" count="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42436, second lower anterior tooth; MSC 42437, second lower anterior tooth; MSC 42438, second lower anterior tooth; MSC 42439, second lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFC42F93EFBD15AD5" box="[931,1100,1765,1788]" count="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42440, second lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFC42F8DEFBA45B35" box="[931,1081,1797,1820]" count="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42441, fourth lower anterior tooth; MSC 42442, fourth lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFAD6F8FEFCED5B75" count="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42443, anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB53F89EFAF65B75" box="[1202,1387,1861,1884]" count="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42444, upper left lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB0FFECFB63F8BEFA875B55" box="[1154,1306,1893,1916]" count="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="generic">43 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42445, unassigned tooth positions (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB2FFEEFE5BFF6BFDCA5CEE" box="[442,599,176,199]" count="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42446, unassigned tooth positions (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFB2FFEEFE40FF0BFDAA5CCE" box="[417,567,208,231]" count="72" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="generic">72 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); MSC 42493, second upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42494, sixth? upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42495, first upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42496, fifth? upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42497, seventh? upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42498, first lower left lateral tooth; MSC 42499, third lower left lateral tooth; MSC 42500, fourth? lower left lateral tooth; MSC 42501, fifth? lower left lateral tooth; MSC 42502, sixth? lower left lateral tooth; MSC 42633, second lower anterior tooth; MSC 42634, second lower anterior tooth; MSC 42635, fourth lower anterior tooth; MSC 42636, fourth lower anterior tooth; MSC 42718, second upper right lateral tooth; MSC 42719, first lower left lateral tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1104B9FFB3FFEFFF9DF9E7FA945B15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" startId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" targetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB3FFEFFF9DF9E7FA945B15" blockId="6.[124,1463,1596,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF9DF9E7FF445A7B" bold="true" box="[124,217,1596,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFB3FFEFFF01F9E7FE5D5A78" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[224,448,1596,1617]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF01F9E7FE5D5A78" box="[224,448,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFB3FFEFFE26F9E6FD8E5A7B" box="[455,531,1597,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFDB5F982FD145A46" bold="true" box="[596,649,1625,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(a–d)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFB47F982FB5F5A46" bold="true" box="[1190,1218,1625,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFAA7F982FAFE5A46" bold="true" box="[1350,1379,1625,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF55F9ADFF535AA5" bold="true" box="[180,206,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFEAEF9ADFEF15AA5" bold="true" box="[335,364,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFE04F9ADFE625AA5" bold="true" box="[485,511,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(e)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFCE5F9ADFCB25AA5" bold="true" box="[772,815,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(f–i)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFABEF9ADFAEA5AA5" bold="true" box="[1375,1399,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
Distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF57F94FFF4C5A83" bold="true" box="[182,209,1684,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(g)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFE84F94FFE1F5A83" bold="true" box="[357,386,1684,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(h)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFDE9F94FFD835A83" bold="true" box="[520,542,1684,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(i)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFD7DF94FFD2E5A83" bold="true" box="[668,691,1684,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(j)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC2AF94FFB9F5A83" bold="true" box="[971,1026,1684,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(k–n)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF08F96AFE9B5AEE" bold="true" box="[233,262,1713,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(k)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFE6BF96AFE3C5AEE" bold="true" box="[394,417,1713,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(l)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFDCCF96AFDCD5AEE" bold="true" box="[557,592,1713,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(m)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFD2EF96AFD715AEE" bold="true" box="[719,748,1713,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(n)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC85F96AFCE25AEE" bold="true" box="[868,895,1713,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(o)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFAE4F96AFAAA5AEE" bold="true" box="[1285,1335,1713,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(p–s)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFD8CF915FD175ACD" bold="true" box="[621,650,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(p)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFCEFF915FCB65ACD" bold="true" box="[782,811,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(q)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC58F915FC4E5ACD" bold="true" box="[953,979,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(r)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFBB5F915FBF05ACD" bold="true" box="[1108,1133,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(s)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFB04F915FB615ACD" bold="true" box="[1253,1276,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(t)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFEA8F930FEE25B28" bold="true" box="[329,383,1771,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(u–x)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC85F930FC1C5B28" bold="true" box="[868,897,1771,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(u)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFBEBF930FBB85B28" bold="true" box="[1034,1061,1771,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(v)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFB59F930FB445B28" bold="true" box="[1208,1241,1771,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(w)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFABFF930FAE45B28" bold="true" box="[1374,1401,1771,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(x)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF56F8D3FF4F5B37" bold="true" box="[183,210,1800,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(y)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial denticle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFE16F8D3FDAA5B37" bold="true" box="[503,567,1800,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(z–ad)</emphasis>
|
||
MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC35F8D3FC725B37" bold="true" box="[980,1007,1800,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(z)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFAE0F8D3FAB45B37" bold="true" box="[1281,1321,1800,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(aa)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFF9DF8FDFF385B15" bold="true" box="[124,165,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(ab)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFEC7F8FDFED05B15" bold="true" box="[294,333,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(ac)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFE33F8FDFE665B15" bold="true" box="[466,507,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(ad)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view. Labial at bottom in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFCD0F8FDFCD35B15" bold="true" box="[817,846,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFCBAF8FDFCEF5B15" bold="true" box="[859,882,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(i)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC9CF8FDFC075B15" bold="true" box="[893,922,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(n)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC47F8FDFC5D5B15" bold="true" box="[934,960,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(s)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFC2DF8FDFC7A5B15" bold="true" box="[972,999,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(x)</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB3FFEFFBFDF8FDFBD85B15" bold="true" box="[1052,1093,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">(ad)</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFB2FFEEFF9DFD53FD105826" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF9DFD53FE895E89" blockId="7.[124,276,648,672]" box="[124,276,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFF9DFD53FE895E89" bold="true" box="[124,276,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB2FFEEFF9DFD53FF295E89" box="[124,180,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
stratum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF9DFD1FFDF65F13" blockId="7.[124,767,708,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Lower Danian (Paleocene) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFE39FD3FFD915ED2" box="[472,524,740,763]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
above lower contact with the late Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation, zones NP1 to NP3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFDF1FCF8FDC35F13" box="[528,606,803,826]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[124,191,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[283,1303,177,813]" captionTargetId="figure-13@1.[283,1303,177,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Generalized location and surface stratigraphy of site ALn-13, Lowndes County, AL, USA. (a) Geographic maps showing the location of site ALn-13 in country, state, and county contexts. (b) Danian surface stratigraphy in Alabama, USA. Shaded areas on the stratigraphic chart represent unconformities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359719/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF9DFC86FE905F5C" blockId="7.[124,269,861,885]" box="[124,269,861,885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFF9DFC86FE905F5C" bold="true" box="[124,269,861,885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFB2FFEEFF9DFC86FF295F5C" box="[124,180,861,885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF9DFC43FD105826" blockId="7.[124,767,920,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B065E6CFFB2FFEEFF9DFC43FD145826" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876360302" country="United States of America" county="Lowndes County" location="Due" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Site ALn-13,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B02CBDFFB2FFEEFEF9FC43FE495F86" box="[280,468,920,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Lowndes County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA9AD3FFB2FFEEFE05FC43FDDA5F86" box="[484,583,920,943]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37914A1FFB2FFEEFDB7FC43FD165F86" box="[598,651,920,943]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFD7EFC43FD6C5F86" box="[671,753,920,943]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[124,191,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[283,1303,177,813]" captionTargetId="figure-13@1.[283,1303,177,813]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Generalized location and surface stratigraphy of site ALn-13, Lowndes County, AL, USA. (a) Geographic maps showing the location of site ALn-13 in country, state, and county contexts. (b) Danian surface stratigraphy in Alabama, USA. Shaded areas on the stratigraphic chart represent unconformities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359719/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EB102EAFFB2FFEEFF9DFC63FF355FE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7E527FFB1FFE0FC88FADEFC795E4F:8EB102EAFFB2FFEEFF9DFC63FF355FE6" box="[124,168,952,975]" country="United States of America" county="Lowndes County" name="Due" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Alabama">Due</location>
|
||
to the sensitive nature of the site, the precise location is not provided here, but detailed locality information is on file at MSC and available to qualified researchers
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFB2FFE1FF9DFBEAFC1D5AC8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF9DFBEAFF625860" blockId="7.[124,255,1073,1097]" box="[124,255,1073,1097]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFF9DFBEAFF625860" bold="true" box="[124,255,1073,1097]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF9DFBB7FD8E5B08" blockId="7.[124,767,1132,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFF9DFBB7FE0C58AD" box="[124,401,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">First upper anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
These teeth, not exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFD57FBB6FD6358AD" box="[694,766,1133,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height, are slightly asymmetrical in labial view. The main cusp is very narrow, is slightly distally curving (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFF65FB17FF6C58CA" box="[132,241,1228,1251]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3b–d</figureCitation>
|
||
), and has a weakly sigmoidal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFD7EFB17FD6F58CA" box="[671,754,1228,1251]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesial and distal cutting edges are sharp, smooth, and subparallel but never reach the base of the main cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFD43FAD7FD6F590A" box="[674,754,1292,1315]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
). There may be a minuscule tubercle or very short ridge near the base of the main cusp, well separated from the main cutting edge, on one or both sides of the crown. A single pair of diminutive triangular cusplets is located at the crown foot. When present, the short ridge is connected to the lateral cusplet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFF53FA10FF6259CB" box="[178,255,1483,1506]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face of the main cusp is smooth and flat except for where basal convexity occurs at each side of the labial crown foot. The lingual face is very convex and generally smooth, although faint longitudinal ridges on the lower half were occasionally observed. The root is bilobate and has a large lingual boss that is bisected by an elongate and deep nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFE48F950FE675A8B" box="[425,506,1675,1698]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). A conspicuous dental band (often deeply impressed) occurs at the lingual crown foot. Root lobes are rather short and may be cylindrical or mesiodistally compressed, and the mesial lobe is slightly longer than the distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFE7FF8D1FD9B5B08" box="[414,518,1802,1825]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFF76F8F1FB545F6C" blockId="7.[124,767,1132,1921]" lastBlockId="7.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFF76F8F1FE485B6B" box="[151,469,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Second upper anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
In our sample, the largest complete tooth from this file measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFDF6F891FDC25B48" box="[535,607,1866,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height, which is smaller than the largest first upper anterior tooth available to us. Larger second upper anterior teeth are present in our sample, but they are incomplete and represented fragmentary specimens. The main cusp is tall and narrow, sharply tapering (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFC7DFECBFB965D0E" box="[924,1035,272,295]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFC31FECBFC715D0E" box="[976,1004,272,295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), weakly sigmoidal in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFABCFECBFA3A5D0E" box="[1373,1447,272,295]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
|
||
), and more distally inclined than the main cusp of the first anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFC39FE8BFBB75D4E" box="[984,1066,336,359]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cutting edges are subparallel, and although they do not reach the cusp base, the edges extend further basally than on teeth from the first anterior file. The labial face is smooth and flat to very weakly convex, but the lingual face is very convex and may bear faint vertical ridges on the lower half. The main cusp is flanked by a single pair of small cusplets that are triangular, are sharply pointed, and have distinct cutting edges. A short cutting edge or small denticle, well separated from the main cutting edge, may occur on the medial side of one or both lateral cusplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFCDAFD54FC195E8F" box="[827,900,655,678]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual dental band is conspicuous and may be impressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFC51FD75FB9F5EEC" box="[944,1026,686,709]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the robust lingual root boss bears a thin nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFBD3FD15FB045ECC" box="[1074,1177,718,741]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3f, h</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root is bilobate, and although the lobes are of nearly the same length, the mesial lobe is thin and pointed basally, whereas the distal lobe is wide and rounded basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFBB3FCF5FB215F6C" box="[1106,1212,814,837]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFB65FCF5FB3D5F6C" box="[1156,1184,814,837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFCAFFC96FA2B596A" blockId="7.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFCAFFC96FBEC5F4C" box="[846,1137,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Third upper anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
The largest specimens do not measure more than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFBE9FCB5FBCD5FAC" box="[1032,1104,878,901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height. The main cusp is broad-based but sharply tapering, is strongly distally inclined but with weak mesial curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFB41FC76FA8F5FED" box="[1184,1298,941,964]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3l, m</figureCitation>
|
||
), and has only a very weak sigmoidal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFB6CFC16FB7D5FCD" box="[1165,1248,973,996]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3n</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is flat and smooth, but the lingual face is moderately convex and usually smooth. The smooth cutting edge is continuous across the entire main cusp. A single pair of broadly triangular cusplets flanks the main cusp, and these cusplets bear sharp cutting edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFBF9FBB6FBF758AD" box="[1048,1130,1133,1156]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3o</figureCitation>
|
||
). A small denticle may be located medially to the lateral cusplet, on one or both sides of the main cusp. The lingual dental band is conspicuous and may be impressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFBE1FB17FBCA58CA" box="[1024,1111,1228,1251]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFBD0FB17FBCA58CA" box="[1073,1111,1228,1251]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root is bilobate with highly divergent lobes, with the mesial lobe being much more elongated than the distal one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFBB0FAD7FB00590A" box="[1105,1181,1292,1315]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3l</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual boss is thin and shelflike, bisected by a thin nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFAA1FAF7FA34596A" box="[1344,1449,1324,1347]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3k, n</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFEEFCAFFA90FBF659AA" blockId="7.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFCAFFA90FB85594A" box="[846,1048,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Intermediate teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
No intermediate teeth have been identified in the available sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB2FFE1FCAFFA50FEB65D4E" blockId="7.[819,1462,176,1921]" lastBlockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB2FFEEFCAFFA50FBBA598A" box="[846,1063,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Upper lateral teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper lateral teeth can be differentiated from the anterior teeth in that the main cusp is labiolingually thinner, flat to only weakly sigmoidal in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFCDAFA30FC1A5A2B" box="[827,903,1515,1538]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3s</figureCitation>
|
||
), and distally inclined, and the base is broader. The smooth cutting edge is continuous across the entire main cusp, reaching the crown foot. The mesial and distal cutting edges may be straight, but more often the main cusp appears distally curving because the mesial edge is slightly convex and the distal edge straight to concave. One or two tiny denticles may occur on one or both sides of the crown foot, adjacent to lateral cusplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFBADF911FB0A5AC8" box="[1100,1175,1738,1761]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB2FFEEFB61F911FB0A5AC8" box="[1152,1175,1738,1761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="t" value="3.0">3t</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single pair of broadly triangular, tall, sharply pointed cusplets flanks the main cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFCDAF8D1FC175B08" box="[827,906,1802,1825]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual dental band is impressed. The bilobate root bears a small lingual boss that is bisected by a deep nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFC33F891FBA75B48" box="[978,1082,1866,1889]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3p, r</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root lobes are rather short, wide, and divergent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB2FFEEFC34F8B1FBBD5BA8" box="[981,1056,1898,1921]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3r</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within the first few lateral files, the mesial root lobe is more elongated and thinner than the distal lobe, but other lateral teeth have more equidimensional root lobes. Total tooth height exceeds root width. Within our sample of upper lateral teeth, it appears that the crown decreases in size but becomes more strongly distally inclined towards the commissure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FF76FEB4FEE15D8E" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FF76FEB4FE195DAE" box="[151,388,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Upper posterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
No upper posterior teeth have been identified in the sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FF76FE74FE6C5F8C" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FF76FE74FE215DEE" box="[151,444,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">First lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth from this file are not known to exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBDFFE1FEA1FE14FE155DCF" box="[320,392,463,486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height. The main cusp is very narrow and sharply inclined mesially, may be straight to distally curving, and has a strong lingual curve in profile but is not sigmoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FE89FDF4FE4E5E6F" box="[360,467,559,582]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is smooth and nearly flat, whereas the lingual face is very convex and smooth. Cutting edges are smooth, sharp, and subparallel and extend to the crown foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FE7DFD54FE705E8F" box="[412,493,655,678]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single pair of lateral cusplets flanks the main cusp, and in labial view the mesial cusplet appears to be located higher on the tooth than the distal cusplet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FEFFFD35FEED5F2C" box="[286,368,750,773]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cusplets are small, triangular, sharply pointed, and divergent. The root is laterally compressed, weakly bilobate (mesial lobe is shorter and narrower than the distal lobe), and the large lingual boss (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FD6DFC95FD6B5F4C" box="[652,758,846,869]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
) is bisected by an elongate nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FDB3FCB5FD3E5FAC" box="[594,675,878,901]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Crown height slightly exceeds root height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FF76FC76FEFD5A2B" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FF76FC76FE5A5FEC" box="[151,455,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Second lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth in this position are the largest in the available sample, reaching 24.4 mm in total height. The main cusp is tall, narrow, and erect and has a sigmoidal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FEA2FBD6FE36580D" box="[323,427,1037,1060]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4f–h</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is smooth and flat, whereas the lingual face is very convex and may bear fine longitudinal ridges on the lower half. The cutting edges are smooth and appear biconvex due to medial curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FF65FB56FF4B588D" box="[132,214,1165,1188]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBDFFE1FF58FB56FF4B588D" box="[185,214,1165,1188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the edges end well before the cusp base. A small node or short ridge may occur near the crown base, well separated from the main cutting edge, on one or both sides of the main cusp. A single pair of very small, triangular lateral cusplets flanks the main cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FDB9FAD7FD37590A" box="[600,682,1292,1315]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
|
||
). When present, the short basal ridge is closely connected with the lateral cusplet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FEC1FA97FEF7594A" box="[288,362,1356,1379]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4j</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root is bilobate with a large lingual boss that is bisected by a deep nutritive groove, and the thin dental band is impressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FE2AFA57FDD7598A" box="[459,586,1420,1443]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4f, g, i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root lobes are elongated but of equal length, although the distal lobe may be slightly wider. Root height is roughly one-third (30 %) of the total tooth height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FF76F9D0FE685A8B" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FF76F9D0FE5C5A0A" box="[151,449,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Third lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
These teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FDBFF9D0FD565A0B" box="[606,715,1547,1570]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4k–n</figureCitation>
|
||
) are very similar to those of the second lower anterior file. They can be distinguished by their less convex cutting edges and root with a more elongated and narrower mesial lobe compared to the distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FE9CF950FE755A8B" box="[381,488,1675,1698]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4l, m</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FF76F971FA915E6F" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" lastBlockId="8.[819,1463,176,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FF76F971FE545AEB" box="[151,457,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fourth lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
The main cusp is erect and slightly curved distally and has a sigmoidal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FD44F911FF155B28" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4p– r</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cutting edges are smooth and convex apically but otherwise subparallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FEACF8D1FE075B08" box="[333,410,1802,1825]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4r</figureCitation>
|
||
), nearly reaching the crown foot. The labial face is weakly convex and smooth, whereas the lingual face is very convex and only occasionally bears faint longitudinal ridges. A very convex ridge or small denticle, well separated from the main cutting edge, may occur on one or both sides of the cusp base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FB22FF0BFA8D5CCE" box="[1219,1296,208,231]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBDFFE1FB19FF0BFA8D5CCE" box="[1272,1296,208,231]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="t" value="4.0">4t</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single pair of broadly triangular cusplets flanks the main cusp. The lingual dental band is impressed. The lingual boss is indistinct, bisected by a thin nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FB53FEEBFA865D6E" box="[1202,1307,304,327]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4s, q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bilobate root has a very elongated and narrow mesial lobe and very short, rounded distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FBAEFEABFB295DAE" box="[1103,1204,368,391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4q, r</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root height represents 30 % (one-third) of the total tooth height. Teeth from this file are somewhat similar to the third upper anterior tooth, but they differ in that the main cusp is rather erect and has an obvious distal curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FBDEFE34FB165E2F" box="[1087,1163,495,518]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4r</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the third upper anterior tooth has a highly distally inclined cusp that exhibits distinctive mesial curvature (i.e.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FB74FDF4FB625E6F" box="[1173,1279,559,582]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[124,191,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[132,1455,177,1023]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359723/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3l, m</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FCAFFD95FB3558CA" blockId="8.[819,1463,176,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FCAFFD95FBBA5E4F" box="[846,1063,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Lower lateral teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
In general, the main cusp is broad-based but sharply tapering, vertical to very slightly distally inclined, and flat to weakly sigmoidal in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FADBFD54FA365E8F" box="[1338,1451,655,678]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4u–w</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is smooth and flat to very weakly convex, but the lingual face is convex and may bear faint vertical ridges on the lower half. The cutting edges are smooth and sharp and extend to the very base of the main cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FAC2FCD5FAE75F0C" box="[1315,1402,782,805]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4w</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mesial and distal cutting edges are usually straight, but some teeth exhibit a mesial edge that is somewhat concave. The base of the cutting edge may be smooth and continuous or punctuated by one (rarely two) rounded-to-pointed denticle (or denticles;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FC25FC76FB8E5FED" box="[964,1043,941,964]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4y</figureCitation>
|
||
). The main cusp is generally flanked by a single pair of tall, triangular, sharply pointed lateral cusplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FC94FC36FC78582D" box="[885,997,1005,1028]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4v, w</figureCitation>
|
||
), but an inconspicuous second cusplet may occur on one or both sides of the crown. The dental band is thin and impressed. The bilobate root bears a conspicuous boss that is bisected by a deep nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FADFFB96FA34584D" box="[1342,1449,1101,1124]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4v, x</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lobes are divergent, roughly of equal length, and separated by a V-shaped interlobe area, and their ends may be rounded or pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FBEBFB76FBEB58ED" box="[1034,1142,1197,1220]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4v, w</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root width is approximately two-thirds of the total tooth height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FCAFFB37FAC25A2B" blockId="8.[819,1463,176,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Teeth within the first few lateral files have a slightly wider mesial lobe compared to the distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FB13FAD7FAF9590A" box="[1266,1380,1292,1315]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4v, w</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other lateral teeth have more equidimensional root lobes and are difficult to place into a specific file. Within our sample of lower lateral teeth, it appears that the crown decreases in size and becomes slightly distally inclined towards the commissure. Lower lateral teeth are distinguished from upper lateral teeth in having erect main cusps as opposed to conspicuously distally inclined ones, and root lobes are less robust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FCAFF9D0FC1D5AC8" blockId="8.[819,1463,176,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FCAFF9D0FBA05A0A" box="[846,1085,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Lower posterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
The lower posterior teeth are similar to the lower lateral teeth, but they are significantly smaller in size and have a much shorter main cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FAE4F990FACC5A4B" box="[1285,1361,1611,1634]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4z</figureCitation>
|
||
–ad). The total root width is greater than the overall tooth height, the latter of which does not exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBDFFE1FB65F950FB225A8B" box="[1156,1215,1675,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBDFFE1FB2CF950FA905A8B" box="[1229,1293,1675,1698]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[132,1455,242,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
aa, ab). No denticulations are present on any of the lower posterior teeth observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBDFFE0FCD2F8D1FC795E4F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE1FCD2F8D1FC075B0B" blockId="8.[819,922,1802,1826]" box="[819,922,1802,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FCD2F8D1FC075B0B" bold="true" box="[819,922,1802,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBDFFE0FCD2F891FEE45F6C" blockId="8.[819,1462,1866,1921]" lastBlockId="9.[124,767,176,1921]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBDFFE1FCD2F891FBB45B4B" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[819,1065,1866,1890]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FCD2F891FBB45B4B" box="[819,1065,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBDFFE1FBCEF891FB1D5B48" box="[1071,1152,1866,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBDFFE1FACEF891FAC05B48" box="[1327,1373,1866,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBDFFE1FCD2F8B2FBCD5BA8" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[819,1104,1897,1921]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE1FCD2F8B2FBCD5BA8" box="[819,1104,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Mennerotodus glueckmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBDFFE0FA9AF8B2FF6B5CE1" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
M. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FF9DFF6BFF6B5CE1" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[124,246,176,200]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">glueckmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FED0FF6BFE435CE1" box="[305,478,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. g. usunbassi</emphasis>
|
||
), by anterior teeth having a maximum height of only 2.4 cm and there being only a single pair of lateral cusplets on upper and lower lateral teeth. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FF3EFECBFEE35D01" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[223,382,272,296]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FF3EFECBFEE35D01" box="[223,382,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. glueckmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
anterior teeth can reach up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBCFFE0FD2DFECBFD635D0E" box="[716,766,272,295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height, and upper and lower lateral teeth have two pairs of lateral cusplets. Of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBCFFE0FE6EFE8BFE465D4E" box="[399,475,335,359]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="generic">
|
||
two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE5CFE94FD595D4E" box="[445,708,335,359]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="glueckmani" subSpecies="boktensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE5CFE94FD595D4E" box="[445,708,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. glueckmani boktensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
teeth illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBCFFE0FEF1FEABFDD85DAE" author="Zhelezko, V. I. & Kozlov, V. A." box="[272,581,368,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 323" refId="ref22557" refString="Zhelezko, V. I. and Kozlov, V. A.: Elasmobranchii and Palaeogene biostratigraphy of Trans Urals and central Asia, Russian Academy of Science, Urals Branch, 3, 1 - 323, 1999 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1999">Zhelezko and Kozlov (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the lower lateral tooth (pl. 6.3) has two pairs of lateral cusplets, and the mesial and distal cusplets of the upper left lateral tooth (pl. 6.4) are broad and appear to be serrated. These features contrast with the single pair of cusplets on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE59FE34FDA95E2E" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[440,564,495,519]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE59FE34FDA95E2E" box="[440,564,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FDDAFE34FD135E2F" box="[571,654,495,518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lower and upper lateral teeth. The upper right lateral
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FDA0FDD4FD625E0F" box="[577,767,527,551]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FDA0FDD4FD445E0E" box="[577,729,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tooth illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBCFFE0FEACFDF4FDBD5E6F" author="Dutheil, D. B. & Moreau, F. & De Ploeg, G." box="[333,544,559,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref20135" refString="Dutheil, D. B., Moreau, F., and De Ploeg, G.: Les ichthyofaunes du gisement a ambre de Le Quesnoy (PalOocLne et EocLne du bassin de Paris, France), Cossmanniana, 11, 1 - 13, 2006." type="journal article" year="2006">Dutheil et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2.3) differs from all available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FEE6FD95FE185E4F" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[263,389,590,614]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FEE6FD95FE185E4F" box="[263,389,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FE6FFD94FE7E5E4F" box="[398,483,591,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
upper lateral teeth in that the mesial cusplet appears serrated (rather than denticulation occurring at the base of the main cusp, medial to the lateral cusplet). The crown of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE4CFD75FDB75EEF" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[429,554,686,710]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE4CFD75FDB75EEF" box="[429,554,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FDD2FD75FD155EEC" box="[563,648,686,709]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appears to be more gracile and root lobes more elongated than on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FD03FD15FF6B5F2F" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FD03FD15FF6B5F2F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. glueckmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, The crown and root of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE1EFD35FDE65F2F" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[511,635,750,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE1EFD35FDE65F2F" box="[511,635,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FD62FD35FD4A5F2C" box="[643,727,750,773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are more gracile than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE76FCD5FD395F0F" box="[407,676,782,806]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="glueckmani" subSpecies="usunbassi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE76FCD5FD395F0F" box="[407,676,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. glueckmani usunbassi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the crown is also straighter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FF76FC95FE4659EA" blockId="9.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Three other lamniform taxa occur within the Clayton Formation that could be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FD87FCB6FF495F8C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FD87FCB6FF495F8C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FF3CFC55FEAE5F8C" box="[221,307,910,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE76FC56FF205FED" authority="(Winkler, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Palaeohypotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE76FC56FD0C5F8C" box="[407,657,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Palaeohypotodus rutoti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBCFFE0FD40FC55FF285FED" author="Winkler, T. C." pageId="9" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref22404" refString="Winkler, T. C.: MOmoire sur quelques restes de poissons du systLme heersien, Archives du MusOe Teyler, 4, 1 - 15, 1874." type="journal article" year="1874">Winkler, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FF2FFC76FDE05FED" authority="(Stromer, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[206,637,941,965]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Odontaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FF2FFC76FE235FEC" box="[206,446,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Odontaspis substriata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBCFFE0FE32FC76FDEB5FED" author="Stromer, E." box="[467,630,941,964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" pagination="478 - 505" refId="ref22001" refString="Stromer, E.: Reptilien und Fischreste aus dem marinen Alttertiar von Sudtogo (West Africa), Monatsbericht der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 62, 478 - 505, 1910." type="journal article" year="1910">Stromer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FD23FC76FD8E5FCD" authority="Siverson, 1995" authorityName="Siverson" authorityYear="1995" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cederstroemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FD23FC76FEFF5FCC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Striatolamia cederstroemi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBCFFE0FE8CFC16FD8E5FCD" author="Siverson, M." box="[365,531,973,996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref21889" refString="Siverson, M.: Revision of the Danian cow sharks, sand tiger sharks, and goblin sharks (Hexanchidae, Odontaspididae, and Mitsukurinidae) from Southern Sweden, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 15, 1 - 12, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1995.10011203, 1995." type="journal article" year="1995">Siverson, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBCFFE0FDC3FC16FD235FCD" box="[546,702,973,996]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FD0AFC16FF2A582C" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Palaeohypotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FD0AFC16FF2A582C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">P. rutoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MMNS 8578) observed from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA9AD3FFBCFFE0FDC4FC36FD15582D" box="[549,648,1005,1028]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
bears lateral denticulation similar to that on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FDE4FBD6FD62580C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[517,767,1037,1061]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FDE4FBD6FD62580C" box="[517,767,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FF9DFBF6FF4E586D" box="[124,211,1069,1092]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
teeth. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE72FBF6FDD4586C" box="[403,585,1069,1093]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Palaeohypotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE72FBF6FDD4586C" box="[403,585,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Palaeohypotodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FEF2FB97FE36584D" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[275,427,1100,1124]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FEF2FB97FE36584D" box="[275,427,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having teeth that are generally broader; lateral teeth with a distinctively distally curved main cusp; cutting edges that are continuous to the crown foot on all jaw positions; and larger lateral cusplets, of which there can be up to three pairs. Additionally, the secondary/tertiary cusplets on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE46FB37FDC0592D" box="[423,605,1260,1284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Palaeohypotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE46FB37FDC0592D" box="[423,605,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Palaeohypotodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth are conspicuously located on the labial face of the crown, not adjacent to the primary/secondary pair, and there are short longitudinal ridges at the labial crown foot (particularly obvious on smaller specimens). Lastly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE27FAB0FDDF59AA" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[454,578,1387,1411]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE27FAB0FDDF59AA" box="[454,578,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FDA8FAB7FD0159AA" box="[585,668,1388,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
teeth apparently do not reach the large size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FDEFFA50FD59598A" box="[526,708,1419,1443]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Palaeohypotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FDEFFA50FD59598A" box="[526,708,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Palaeohypotodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBCFFE0FF20FA77FF6E59EA" box="[193,243,1452,1475]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in total tooth height).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FF76FA10FB5A5D6E" blockId="9.[124,767,176,1921]" lastBlockId="9.[819,1463,176,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
The teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FEFAFA10FD9959CA" baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[283,516,1483,1507]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Odontaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FEFAFA10FD9959CA" box="[283,516,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Odontaspis substriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FD65FA10FD6359CA" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[644,766,1483,1507]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FD65FA10FD6359CA" box="[644,766,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FF9DFA30FF4D5A2B" box="[124,208,1515,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in having anterior teeth with two pairs of very tall and needlelike lateral cusplets and lateral teeth with three pairs of cusplets. In addition, the lingual faces of the main cusp and lateral cusplets of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FE35F991FDA35A4B" baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[468,574,1610,1634]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Odontaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FE35F991FDA35A4B" box="[468,574,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">substriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology bear very strong lingual ornamentation. The ornamentation on the main cusp varies depending on tooth size, with smaller teeth bearing ridges nearly to the lingual apex, whereas on larger teeth the ornamentation is only located on the lower half of the crown. On those teeth where ridges are not obvious on the main cusp, ornamentation is visible on the lingual face of the lateral cusplets. With very few exceptions, crown enameloid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FF79F891FE125B4B" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[152,399,1866,1890]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FF79F891FE125B4B" box="[152,399,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FE74F891FE7B5B48" box="[405,486,1866,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is smooth, and only rarely were extremely weak longitudinal ridges observed. In addition, the lateral cusplets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FBBBFF6BFB4A5CE1" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1114,1239,176,200]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FBBBFF6BFB4A5CE1" box="[1114,1239,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FB3EFF6BFAAF5CEE" box="[1247,1330,176,199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are diminutive compared to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FBABFF0BFB485CC1" baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1098,1237,208,232]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Odontaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FBABFF0BFB485CC1" box="[1098,1237,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">O. substriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and development of a second lateral cusplet (albeit diminutive) was very rarely observed. Lastly, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FBF5FECBFB105D01" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1838" box="[1044,1165,272,296]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Odontaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FBF5FECBFB105D01" box="[1044,1165,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Odontaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth never have the denticulation as observed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FBC9FEF4FB5D5D6E" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[1064,1216,303,327]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FBC9FEF4FB5D5D6E" box="[1064,1216,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCAFFE8BFC795E4F" blockId="9.[819,1463,176,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Although tooth crowns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FB92FE94FA165D4E" authorityName="Siverson" authorityYear="1995" box="[1139,1419,335,359]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cederstroemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FB92FE94FA165D4E" box="[1139,1419,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Striatolamia cederstroemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smooth, this taxon is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FAD9FEB4FA2B5DAE" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1336,1462,367,391]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FAD9FEB4FA2B5DAE" box="[1336,1462,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FCD2FE4BFC1A5D8E" box="[819,903,400,423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in that the mesial and distal sides of the crown are drawn out into elongated shoulders or, more often, bear a very low, broad, weakly convex cusplet that is poorly differentiated from the main cusp. Our sample size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FAB4FE34FC1F5E0E" authorityName="Siverson" authorityYear="1995" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cederstroemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FAB4FE34FC1F5E0E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">S. cederstroemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was relatively small (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FB90FDD4FBE25E0E" box="[1137,1151,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 35), but none of the specimens we examined bear denticulation as observed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FA78FDF5FC165E4F" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FA78FDF5FC165E4F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FC73FD94FC795E4F" box="[914,996,591,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |