599 lines
65 KiB
XML
599 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.7386" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370" ID-PMC="PMC6716565" ID-PubMed="31523494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767530" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1638970172773" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Brehm, Gunnar, Sihvonen, Pasi, Hausmann, Axel, Holm, Sille, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza, Õunap, Erki, Truuverk, Andro, Staude, Hermann, Friedrich, Egbert, Tammaru, Toomas & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2019" docId="038F87AD2B03FFA92EC55C40FCFE0F18" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.7.e7386.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 7" docTitle="Drepanogynini , Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm 2019, new tribe" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFB6FFD52B1FFFB72F375F1EFFC20D03" masterDocTitle="A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668138804254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brehm, Gunnar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Holm, Sille</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ghanavi, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Õunap, Erki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Truuverk, Andro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Staude, Hermann</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friedrich, Egbert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tammaru, Toomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-08-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>39</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.7386</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC6716565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">31523494</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5767530</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5767487" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191256159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87AD2B03FFA92EC55C40FCFE0F18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87AD2B03FFA92EC55C40FCFE0F18" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[498,1362,862,934]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,1103,862,889]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="new tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1111,1227,862,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1111,1227,862,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="tribe">new tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA384988-009F-4175-B98C-6209C8868B93
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[498,994,953,980]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[498,994,953,980]" box="[498,994,953,980]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, (1858)" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[648,994,953,980]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[648,806,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
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Guenée, (1858)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[498,1542,1015,1919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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The African genera
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[735,836,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[735,836,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Thenopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[851,1010,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[851,1010,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphingomima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[1072,1230,1016,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1072,1230,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appear as a strongly supported lineage (SH-like, UFBoot2 and RBS = 100).
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<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1144,1297,1055,1081]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="257 - 291" part="36" refId="ref19139" refString="Kruger M. 1997. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 257 - 291." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1997">
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<emphasis box="[1144,1297,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Krüger (1997</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 259) proposed "
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[506,625,1095,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">Boarmiini</taxonomicName>
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and related tribes as the most likely sister group" for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[1261,1419,1096,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1261,1419,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas more recently
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[669,827,1136,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[669,827,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was classified in the putative southern hemisphere
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[498,646,1175,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[662,810,1175,1201]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="77 - 173" refId="ref19282" refString="Kruger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4: 77 - 173." type="journal article" year="2014">
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<emphasis box="[662,810,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Krüger, 2014</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen P & Staude HS & Mutanen M." box="[822,1227,1175,1201]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="606 - 627" part="40" refId="ref20789" refString="Sihvonen P, Staude HS, Mutanen M. 2015. Systematic position of the enigmatic African cycad moths: an integrative approach to a nearly century old problem (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Diptychini). Systematic Entomology 40 (3): 606 - 627 DOI 10.1111 / syen. 12125." title="Systematic position of the enigmatic African cycad moths: an integrative approach to a nearly century old problem (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Diptychini)" type="journal article" year="2015">
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<emphasis box="[822,1227,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[822,930,1175,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
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, Staude & Mutanen, 2015
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</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In the current phylogeny,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[498,656,1215,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[498,656,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is isolated from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[853,1001,1214,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1008,1149,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" box="[1008,1070,1215,1240]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu</taxonomicName>
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stricto
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</emphasis>
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and from other southern African genera that have earlier been considered to be closely related to it (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1291,1441,1254,1280]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="77 - 173" refId="ref19282" refString="Kruger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4: 77 - 173." type="journal article" year="2014">
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<emphasis box="[1291,1441,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Krüger, 2014</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein). The other southern African genera appeared to belong to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[1387,1512,1294,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
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in our study. The systematic position of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Warren, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[945,1408,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
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<emphasis box="[945,1218,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis tripartita</emphasis>
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(Warren, 1898)
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</taxonomicName>
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has earlier been analyzed in a molecular study (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen P & Staude HS & Mutanen M." box="[932,1348,1374,1400]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="606 - 627" part="40" refId="ref20789" refString="Sihvonen P, Staude HS, Mutanen M. 2015. Systematic position of the enigmatic African cycad moths: an integrative approach to a nearly century old problem (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Diptychini). Systematic Entomology 40 (3): 606 - 627 DOI 10.1111 / syen. 12125." title="Systematic position of the enigmatic African cycad moths: an integrative approach to a nearly century old problem (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Diptychini)" type="journal article" year="2015">
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<emphasis box="[932,1348,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[932,1040,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
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, Staude & Mutanen, 2015
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</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The taxon grouped together with the Palaearctic species of the tribes
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stekolnikov & Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1982" box="[1172,1271,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apeirini">Apeirini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1963" box="[1282,1379,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Theriini">Theriini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bruand" authorityYear="1846" box="[1390,1491,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epionini">Epionini</taxonomicName>
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and putative
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[601,764,1453,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypochrosini">Hypochrosini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen P & Staude HS & Mutanen M." box="[776,1204,1453,1480]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="606 - 627" part="40" refId="ref20789" refString="Sihvonen P, Staude HS, Mutanen M. 2015. Systematic position of the enigmatic African cycad moths: an integrative approach to a nearly century old problem (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Diptychini). Systematic Entomology 40 (3): 606 - 627 DOI 10.1111 / syen. 12125." title="Systematic position of the enigmatic African cycad moths: an integrative approach to a nearly century old problem (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Diptychini)" type="journal article" year="2015">
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<emphasis box="[776,1204,1453,1480]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[776,884,1453,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
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, Staude & Mutanen (2015)
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</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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noted that
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<taxonomicName authority="(Cramer, 1779)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1779" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Argyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trofonia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Argyrophora trofonia</emphasis>
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(Cramer, 1779)
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</taxonomicName>
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(representing
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[952,1110,1494,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[952,1110,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group III
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<taxonomicName authority="Kruger, 1999" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1999" box="[1235,1456,1494,1520]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1235,1456,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|
sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1306,1456,1494,1520]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="427 - 496" part="36" refId="ref19207" refString="Kruger M. 1999. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 427 - 496." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren" type="journal article" year="1999">Krüger, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[498,770,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,770,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis tripartita</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(representing
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[941,1099,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[941,1099,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group IV
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kruger, 2002" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="2002" box="[1221,1439,1533,1559]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1221,1439,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|
sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." bookContentInfo="442 figs." box="[1291,1439,1533,1559]" journalOrPublisher="Transvaal Museum Monograph" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 220" part="13" refId="ref19244" refString="Kruger M. 2002. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Transvaal Museum Monograph 13: 1 - 220 incl. 442 figs." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="book chapter" year="2002">Krüger, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) did not group together, but no formal changes were proposed. Considering that the current analysis strongly supports the placement of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[1017,1175,1614,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1017,1175,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and related genera in an independent lineage, and the aforementioned taxa in the sister lineage (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stekolnikov & Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1982" box="[1328,1429,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apeirini">Apeirini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1963" box="[1440,1537,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Theriini">Theriini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bruand" authorityYear="1846" box="[498,599,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epionini">Epionini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and putative
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[763,925,1693,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypochrosini">Hypochrosini</taxonomicName>
|
|
) have been validated at tribe-level, we place
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[498,656,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,656,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and related genera in a tribe of their own.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="28.[498,1542,1015,1919]" lastBlockId="29.[498,1542,234,1656]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|
Material examined and taxa included:
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Guenee, 1858)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[984,1441,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtaria">
|
|
<emphasis box="[984,1251,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drepanogynis mixtaria</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee A." box="[1268,1433,1772,1799]" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[498,640,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,640,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. tripartita</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[655,1019,1812,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="determinata">
|
|
<emphasis box="[655,832,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. determinata</emphasis>
|
|
(Walker, 1860)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1934" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1934" box="[1033,1320,1812,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuifera">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1033,1172,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. arcuifera</emphasis>
|
|
Prout, 1934
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kruger, 2002" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatilinea">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|
D. arcuatilinea
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." bookContentInfo="442 figs." box="[498,647,1852,1878]" journalOrPublisher="Transvaal Museum Monograph" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 220" part="13" refId="ref19244" refString="Kruger M. 2002. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Transvaal Museum Monograph 13: 1 - 220 incl. 442 figs." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="book chapter" year="2002">Krüger, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Prout, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Prout" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[661,1064,1852,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cnephaeogramma">
|
|
<emphasis box="[661,899,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. cnephaeogramma</emphasis>
|
|
(Prout, 1938)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Felder & Rogenhofer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1077,1537,1852,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villaria">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1077,1194,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. villaria</emphasis>
|
|
(Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, “
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[510,669,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[510,669,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
”
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Herbulot, 1995" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1995" box="[688,1000,1892,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolucida">
|
|
<emphasis box="[688,815,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">discolucida</emphasis>
|
|
Herbulot, 1995
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(genus combination uncertain, see taxonomic notes below),
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[663,1022,234,261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
|
<emphasis box="[663,854,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thenopa diversa</emphasis>
|
|
Walker, 1855
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, “
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[1046,1242,234,260]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1046,1242,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hebdomophruda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
”
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1917" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1917" box="[1261,1479,234,261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1261,1333,235,260]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">errans</emphasis>
|
|
Prout, 1917
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(genus combination uncertain, see taxonomic notes below).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="29.[498,1542,234,1656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Taxonomic notes: We choose
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, 1858" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[887,1213,314,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[887,1045,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee A." box="[1054,1213,314,341]" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the type genus for
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,676,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although it is not the oldest valid name (ICZN Article 64), because extensive literature has been published on
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[994,1152,394,419]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[994,1152,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1170,1319,394,420]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="257 - 291" part="36" refId="ref19139" refString="Kruger M. 1997. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 257 - 291." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1170,1319,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Krüger, 1997</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1333,1388,394,420]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="333 - 349" part="36" refId="ref19173" refString="Kruger M. 1998. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 333 - 349." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1333,1388,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1998</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1402,1457,394,420]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="427 - 496" part="36" refId="ref19207" refString="Kruger M. 1999. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 427 - 496." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1402,1457,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1999</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1471,1526,394,420]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="77 - 173" refId="ref19282" refString="Kruger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4: 77 - 173." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1471,1526,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">2014</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but virtually nothing exists on
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Walker, 1855" authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[859,1133,433,460]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[859,960,433,459]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thenopa</emphasis>
|
|
, Walker, 1855
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, except the original descriptions of its constituent species. Current results show the urgent need for more extensive phylogenetic studies within
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[828,1007,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1019,1120,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1019,1120,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thenopa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[1182,1341,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1182,1341,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are embedded within
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[582,740,554,579]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[582,740,554,579]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, rendering it paraphyletic, but our taxon coverage is too limited to propose formal changes in this species-rich group.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[1101,1279,593,619]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as defined here, are distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Kruger (1997" authorityName="sensu Kruger" authorityYear="1997" box="[906,1297,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[906,1297,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Drepanogynis sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1144,1297,633,659]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="257 - 291" part="36" refId="ref19139" refString="Kruger M. 1997. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 257 - 291." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1997">Krüger (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1311,1366,633,659]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="333 - 349" part="36" refId="ref19173" refString="Kruger M. 1998. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 333 - 349." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1311,1366,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1998</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1381,1436,633,659]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="427 - 496" part="36" refId="ref19207" refString="Kruger M. 1999. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 427 - 496." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1381,1436,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1999</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1451,1506,633,659]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="77 - 173" refId="ref19282" refString="Kruger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4: 77 - 173." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1451,1506,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">2014</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) includes over 150 species and it ranges from southern Africa to Ethiopia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." bookContentInfo="442 figs." box="[1373,1523,673,699]" journalOrPublisher="Transvaal Museum Monograph" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 220" part="13" refId="ref19244" refString="Kruger M. 2002. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Transvaal Museum Monograph 13: 1 - 220 incl. 442 figs." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1373,1523,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Krüger, 2002</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vari L & Kroon DM & Kruger M." box="[498,824,712,739]" journalOrPublisher="Chatswood: Simple Solutions" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref21405" refString="Vari L, Kroon DM, Kruger M. 2002. Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Chatswood: Simple Solutions." title="Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa" type="book" year="2002">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,824,712,739]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Vári, Kroon & Krüger, 2002</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), whereas the genera
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[1078,1237,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1078,1237,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(10 species) and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1440,1541,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1440,1541,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thenopa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(four species) occur in Central and West Africa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Scoble MJ" box="[1062,1201,752,778]" journalOrPublisher="Collingwood: CSIRO" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref20549" refString="Scoble MJ. 1999. Geometrid Moths of theWorld: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) 1, 2. Collingwood: CSIRO." title="Geometrid Moths of theWorld: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) 1" type="book" year="1999">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1062,1201,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Scoble, 1999</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[1224,1383,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1224,1383,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1440,1541,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1440,1541,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thenopa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are externally similar, so the recovered sister-group relationship in the current phylogeny analysis was anticipated. In the current analysis,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1917" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1917" box="[1074,1496,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1074,1350,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hebdomophruda errans</emphasis>
|
|
Prout, 1917
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is isolated from other analyzed
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[843,1129,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis box="[843,1039,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hebdomophruda</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(the others are included in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[498,627,912,939]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
|
|
), highlighting the need for additional research.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1189,1342,912,938]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="257 - 291" part="36" refId="ref19139" refString="Kruger M. 1997. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 257 - 291." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1189,1342,912,938]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Krüger (1997</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1356,1411,912,938]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="333 - 349" part="36" refId="ref19173" refString="Kruger M. 1998. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 333 - 349." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1356,1411,912,938]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1998</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) classified the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[620,816,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[620,816,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hebdomophruda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
into seven species groups on the basis of morphological characters, and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1917" box="[683,791,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
|
|
<emphasis box="[683,791,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. errans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group is one of them (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1063,1212,992,1018]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="333 - 349" part="36" refId="ref19173" refString="Kruger M. 1998. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 333 - 349." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1063,1212,992,1018]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Krüger, 1998</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). We do not describe a new genus for the taxon
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1917" box="[737,809,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
|
|
<emphasis box="[737,809,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">errans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, nor do we combine it with any genus in the
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[1352,1530,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, highlighting its uncertain taxonomic position (
|
|
<emphasis box="[1050,1204,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
|
) pending more research. In the current analysis,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Herbulot, 1995" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1995" box="[744,1224,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolucida">
|
|
<emphasis box="[744,1039,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima discolucida</emphasis>
|
|
Herbulot, 1995
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is transferred from unassigned tribus combination to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[896,1074,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but as the type species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[1382,1541,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1382,1541,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1899" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[508,837,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterodoxa">
|
|
<emphasis box="[508,664,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. heterodoxa</emphasis>
|
|
Warren, 1899
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) was not analyzed, we do not transfer the entire genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[498,657,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,657,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
into
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[721,900,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. We highlight the uncertain taxonomic position of the taxon
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1995" box="[570,697,1270,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolucida">
|
|
<emphasis box="[570,697,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">discolucida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, acknowledging that it may eventually be included again in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[1382,1541,1270,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1382,1541,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphingomima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
if the entire genus should be transferred to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[1012,1191,1310,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="29.[498,1542,234,1656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Diagnosis:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[657,833,1350,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be diagnosed by the combination of DNA data with up to 11 genetic markers (exemplar
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Guenee, 1858))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[849,1308,1390,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtaria">
|
|
<emphasis box="[849,1114,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis mixtaria</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee A." box="[1129,1291,1390,1417]" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
|
))
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
ArgK (MK738841), COI (MK739615), EF1a (MK739960), IDH (MK740862), MDH (MK741181), Nex9 (MK741630), RpS5 (MK741991) and Wingless (MK742540). In the light of our phylogenetic results, the
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Kruger" authorityYear="1997" box="[785,943,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[785,943,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group of genera, as classified earlier (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[1378,1526,1510,1536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="77 - 173" refId="ref19282" refString="Kruger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4: 77 - 173." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1378,1526,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Krüger, 2014</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), is split between two unrelated tribes (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[940,1118,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[1179,1309,1549,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
|
|
). More research is needed to understand how other
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[892,1140,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis box="[892,1050,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Kruger" authorityYear="1997" box="[1246,1404,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1246,1404,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group of genera
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kruger (1997" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1997" box="[584,808,1629,1655]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
|
<emphasis box="[584,808,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|
sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[655,808,1629,1655]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="257 - 291" part="36" refId="ref19139" refString="Kruger M. 1997. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 257 - 291." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group I: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1997">Krüger (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[823,878,1629,1655]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="333 - 349" part="36" refId="ref19173" refString="Kruger M. 1998. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 333 - 349." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group II: the genus Hebdomophruda Warren, Part 2" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
<emphasis box="[823,878,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1998</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[892,947,1629,1655]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="427 - 496" part="36" refId="ref19207" refString="Kruger M. 1999. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36: 427 - 496." title="Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenee, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
<emphasis box="[892,947,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">1999</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis box="[962,1027,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kruger M." box="[962,1018,1629,1655]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="77 - 173" refId="ref19282" refString="Kruger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4: 77 - 173." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(at least 11 genera), should be classified.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="29.[498,1542,1690,1916]" lastBlockId="30.[498,1542,234,539]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[530,645,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">Boarmiini</taxonomicName>
|
|
are the sister group to a clade that comprises Macariini,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[1307,1428,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassymini">Cassymini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1441,1542,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abraxini">Abraxini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[550,649,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eutoeini">Eutoeini</taxonomicName>
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. We found that many species currently classified as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[1254,1369,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">Boarmiini</taxonomicName>
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are scattered throughout
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Ounap et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[636,771,1770,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[783,898,1770,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">Boarmiini</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[907,951,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">s.str</emphasis>
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. are strongly supported but are technically not monophyletic because of a large number of genera which need to be formally transferred
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[498,841,1849,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">fromothertribestoBoarmiini</taxonomicName>
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(G.
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[896,1030,1849,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="new tribe" tribe="Brehm">Brehmetal</taxonomicName>
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., 2019, unpublisheddataforNeotropicaltaxa and L. Murillo-Ramos et al., 2019, unpublished data for other taxa). The results are principally in concordance with
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<bibRefCitation author="Jiang N & Li X & Hausmann A & Cheng R & Xue DY & Han HX" box="[873,1077,234,260]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="427 - 441" part="31" refId="ref19037" refString="Jiang N, Li X, Hausmann A, Cheng R, Xue DY, Han HX. 2017. A molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). Invertebrate Systematics 31 (4): 427 - 441 DOI 10.1071 / IS 17005." title="A molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)" type="journal article" year="2017">
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<emphasis box="[873,1077,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jiang et al. (2017)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, who supported the monophyly of
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[498,613,274,300]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">Boarmiini</taxonomicName>
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but with a smaller number of taxa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[498,1542,234,539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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The divided valva in male genitalia was suggested as a synapomorphy of Macariini +
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[498,619,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassymini">Cassymini</taxonomicName>
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|
+
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[654,752,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eutoeini">Eutoeini</taxonomicName>
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|
by
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway J." box="[798,990,354,380]" journalOrPublisher="part 11: family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref18891" refString="Holloway J. 1994. The moths of Borneo, part 11: family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae. Malayan Nature Journal 47: 1 - 309." title="The moths of Borneo" type="book" year="1994">
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|
<emphasis box="[798,990,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Holloway (1994)</emphasis>
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
. In addition, he proposed the inclusion of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[498,601,394,420]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abraxini">Abraxini</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[642,766,394,420]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassymini">Cassymini</taxonomicName>
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|
. Although our findings support a close relationship, this group requires more study and a more extensive sampling effort. Similar findings were provided by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Jiang N & Li X & Hausmann A & Cheng R & Xue DY & Han HX" box="[535,743,473,499]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="427 - 441" part="31" refId="ref19037" refString="Jiang N, Li X, Hausmann A, Cheng R, Xue DY, Han HX. 2017. A molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). Invertebrate Systematics 31 (4): 427 - 441 DOI 10.1071 / IS 17005." title="A molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)" type="journal article" year="2017">
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|
<emphasis box="[535,743,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jiang et al. (2017)</emphasis>
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
who suggested more extensive sampling to study the evolutionary relationships of these tribes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |