315 lines
40 KiB
XML
315 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="98B4263238ED560981D3465B5C18E937" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426654" ID-ZooBank="E6E8FC63-6356-465F-A878-2EA58C993299" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696942270429" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rana, Khushboo & Kaur, Harpreet" docDate="2023" docId="038F879D9E04336DFF03193EFEE1FD42" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5352.4.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5352 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.14:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pallisentis himachalensis Rana & Kaur 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="581" masterDocId="FFB6FFE59E063369FF941F40FF96FFC7" masterDocTitle="Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two New and Two Already Known Species of the Genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from India with an Update in Key to the Species" masterLastPageNumber="593" masterPageNumber="577" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1696977523591" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2E85A23BA421A440D0625AFB8C0FD8B0">
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<mods:title id="F17A2754614C24F3CDE093BD3987169C">Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two New and Two Already Known Species of the Genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from India with an Update in Key to the Species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="15A102B9FFE1BD75085418F6B3126ED1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C9097FFE5A4CB226855E0B56F24E2E5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5AB35AAC97658518D83473EB2A1935ED">Rana, Khushboo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D6D6D3DA988133BA654D83A62C88BB6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8177-5710</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2292D6FD8EB1CB1C5F481703C05A5677">Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. rana. khushboo 961 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8177 - 5710</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="316D5AFD39F7BBAB4069EF1D6CB6D99A" type="email">rana.khushboo961@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F25A87A3F6F9E11A74543B0F431823DF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="260AD1A742847CDD1BD8BE5633C15C15">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0B1783A5ACDD2FB4F0C6DB3089FB3CF9">Kaur, Harpreet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0001C63EB7222580B0BCA3046F68499D">Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="22006507A117011261D8486A9065B797">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BCACF6F3A1C3404A35D40298D81186C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8819EE2DEAF2FD96FDB6A2430B270417">
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<mods:date id="52D2C07496E801900FA91E16F7F89C70">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C498193FD4C6F1F738C64594AC62F71">2023-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3D6455DDAAE5BC5499060D793EEF6091">5352</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5B208F3DEB08A6140AD2F30FDDFD5C5D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A3A2BDA663C8F1A89F8E8308320B313A">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="68AE553B7F8B4C7DD624DF5B566302A4">577</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="80DFFF9F659AD4FCCD3ADE1FD345D670">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="894B013F90E4838BFACC94B31E5BA65B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3EA60EB3B6567905F5FAB892E33CA2E7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="501C7D15820C7F893587506EB0F07CE6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B852403AD541614CE481B58F059C04C" type="ZooBank">E6E8FC63-6356-465F-A878-2EA58C993299</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038F879D9E04336DFF03193EFEE1FD42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F879D9E04336DFF03193EFEE1FD42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F879D9E04336DFF03193EFEE1FD42" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E04336BFF03193EFDA0F95E" box="[151,566,1662,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E04336BFF03193EFDA0F95E" blockId="2.[151,566,1662,1689]" box="[151,566,1662,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E04336BFF03193EFDA0F95E" bold="true" box="[151,566,1662,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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Species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E04336BFE90193EFDA0F95E" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[260,566,1662,1689]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E04336BFE90193EFDA0F95E" bold="true" box="[260,566,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Pallisentis himachalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E04336BFF031987FDA9F926" box="[151,575,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E04336BFF031987FDA9F926" blockId="2.[151,1437,1735,2013]" box="[151,575,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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Host:
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E04336BFF4F1987FDA9F926" authority="(Bloch, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[219,575,1735,1761]" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E04336BFF4F1987FE0BF927" box="[219,413,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Channa punctata</emphasis>
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(Bloch, 1793)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E04336BFF0319ABFBA1F8C2" box="[151,1079,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E04336BFF0319ABFBA1F8C2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1735,2013]" box="[151,1079,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CD69E04336BFF0319ABFBA1F8C2" box="[151,1079,1771,1797]" country="India" county="Dehra Gopipur" latitude="31.9" location="Locality" longLatPrecision="728" longitude="76.22" municipality="Beas River" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
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<location id="8EF960509E04336BFF0319ABFF6FF8C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F879D9E04336DFF03193EFEE1FD42:8EF960509E04336BFF0319ABFF6FF8C2" box="[151,249,1771,1797]" country="India" county="Dehra Gopipur" latitude="31.9" longLatPrecision="728" longitude="76.22" municipality="Beas River" name="Locality" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Locality</location>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACF19E04336BFE9719ABFE17F8C2" box="[259,385,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Beas River</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62F84E079E04336BFE1819ABFDA0F8C2" box="[396,566,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Dehra Gopipur</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E2F8699E04336BFDD519ABFC98F8C2" box="[577,782,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12504C9E04336BFC8919ABFC16F8C2" box="[797,896,1771,1797]" degrees="31.90" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" precision="555" value="31.9">31.90°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12504C9E04336BFC1F19ABFC7CF8C2" box="[907,1002,1771,1797]" degrees="76.22" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" precision="555" value="76.22">76.22°E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F331761B9E04336BFC6919ABFBA1F8C2" box="[1021,1079,1771,1797]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">India</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E04336BFF53184FFDAFF8EE" box="[199,569,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E04336BFF53184FFDAFF8EE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1735,2013]" box="[199,569,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Site of infection: Small intestine.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E04336BFF531873FB42F81A" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E04336BFF531873FD54F852" blockId="2.[151,1437,1735,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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Specimens submitted: Registration number– HARC/ZSI/AC–
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<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E04336BFC141873FC3DF88A" box="[896,939,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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slide P4 containing whole worms
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<typeStatus id="549D88299E04336BFAA01873FA0AF88A" box="[1332,1436,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male and
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<typeStatus id="549D88299E04336BFE941817FEF4F8B6" box="[256,354,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Allotype</typeStatus>
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female stained in
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<location id="8EF960509E04336BFDBE1817FD1CF8B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F879D9E04336DFF03193EFEE1FD42:8EF960509E04336BFDBE1817FD1CF8B6" box="[554,650,1879,1905]" country="India" municipality="High Altitude Regional Centre - Zoological Survey" name="Gower's" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Gower’s</location>
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carmine mounted with DPX were submitted to
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACF19E04336BFB0D1817FE50F852" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">High Altitude Regional Centre– Zoological Survey</collectingMunicipality>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F331761B9E04336BFE78183BFDBEF852" box="[492,552,1915,1941]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">India</collectingCountry>
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, Solan,
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<collectingCountry id="F331761B9E04336BFD15183BFD28F852" box="[641,702,1915,1941]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E04336BFF5318DFFB42F81A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1735,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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Sequences generated: The sequences submitted to the NCBI database on the basis of 18S, 28S, and
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<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E04336BFA8218DEFADCF87E" box="[1302,1354,1950,1977]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">ITS1</specimenCode>
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–
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12504C9E04336BFACE18DEFA1AF87E" box="[1370,1420,1950,1977]" degrees="5.8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" precision="5555" value="-5.8">5.8S</geoCoordinate>
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– ITS have been allotted accession number
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<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E04336BFDFE1883FD7BF81A" box="[618,749,1987,2013]" collectionCode="OM" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">OM480738</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E04336BFD6D1883FCEBF81A" box="[761,893,1987,2013]" collectionCode="OM" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">OM480742</specimenCode>
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, and
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<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E04336BFC231882FBADF81A" box="[951,1083,1986,2013]" collectionCode="OM" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">OM501879</specimenCode>
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, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E05336AFF531FD7FBB8FF76" box="[199,1070,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF531FD7FBB8FF76" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,1070,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Etymology: The specific name is derived from the place of sample collection.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E05336AFF531FFBFD2AFF12" box="[199,700,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF531FFBFD2AFF12" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,700,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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Specimens examined:
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<specimenCount id="9D20FD029E05336AFE571FFBFD8FFF12" box="[451,537,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D20FD029E05336AFDC41FFAFD2AFF12" box="[592,700,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E05336AFF531F9FFE01FA22" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF531F9FFDFAFF3E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,620,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFF531F9FFE62FF3E" box="[199,500,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Morphological description</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131D2A0E9E05336AFD971F9FFDF7FF3E" box="[515,609,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[152,199,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,190,1161]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,179,1161]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1 Line drawings of specimens of Pallisentis himachalensis n. sp. a– male; b– posterior end of male; c– proboscis (female); d– mature egg; e– proboscis hooks declining gradually in size; f– female; g– posterior end of female. Scale a– 1 mm; b–1000 µm; c– 500 µm; d–50 µm; e– 100 µm; f–1 mm; g– 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF531E43FE83FDDE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">General: Proboscis squarish in shape, 4 circles of 8–10 hooks per circle, size of proboscis hooks gradually decline from anterior to posterior circle, 2 nuclei of apical organ below level of third circle of proboscis hooks, hook roots of 2 anterior proboscis circles are prominently visible, smaller than blades, posteriorly directed. Trunk with 2 sets of spines: anterior (collar) spines and posterior (trunk) spines. Y shaped collar spines, 15–16 circles. Trunk spines conical, last circle just above anterior testis in males, last circle reaching above anterior end of reproductive system in female, 3–4 circles (3–4 spines per circle) at posterior end of the trunk. Cement gland syncytial with 26–29 nuclei. Female gonopore centro–terminal. Egg with three membranes, with polar elongation of fertilization membrane.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF531D63FA05FB9E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Male:Trunk length 9.0–14.0 (11.5) mm, maximum width 0.4–0.5 (0.5) mm at proximal region of trunk.Proboscis 170.5–204.4 (187.4) long × 200.9–209.0 (204.9) wide with 4 circles of proboscis hooks. H1 82.4–108.9 (95.6) long × 16.9–18.3 (17.6) wide at base, H2 67.9–77.5 (72.7) long × 9.8–11.1 (10.5) wide, H3 45.9–59.0 (52.4) long × 8.4–8.6 (8.5) wide, H4 34.5–46.8 (40.6) long × 6.9–7.8 (7.3) wide. Hook roots shorter than blade, HR1 55.6–57.1 (56.4), HR2 40.1–43.5 (41.8), HR3 30.5–32.9 (31.7), HR4 21.8–25.1 (23.4). Neck unarmed, 223.5–251.5 (237.5) long × 190.6–193.1 (191.9) wide. Proboscis receptacle 750.5–765.5 (758.0) long × 209.9–216.6 (213.2) wide. Lemnisci (L) unequal, L1 3005.1–3194.6 (3099.9) long × 63.1–69.8 (66.4) wide, L2 2337.7–2648.4 (2493.0) long × 51.9–58.9 (55.4) wide. Collar spines 15–16 circles, 27.5–34.6 (31.0) long, spine field covering 524.1–537.3 (530.7) region of trunk. Trunk spines in 27–37 (32) circles, 10–15 spines in each circle, 33.6–40.9 (37.3) in length. Testes post equatorial, anterior testis 899.0–1060.3 (979.7) long × 263.8–281.0 (272.4) wide, posterior testis 713.1–991.6 (852.3) long × 256.2–301.4 (278.8) wide. Cement gland elongated 1704.3–2179.0 (1941.6) long × 222.1–227.9 (225.0) wide. Cement reservoir 575.8–603.4 (589.6) long × 221.3–226.1 (223.7) wide branching posteriorly into two ducts. Seminal vesicle located postero–lateral to cement reservoir, 430.4–474.7 (452.6) long × 89.9–107.9 (98.9) wide, tapers into vas efferens anteriorly. Saefftigen’s pouch 654.6–690.7 (672.7) long, ventral, parallel to the seminal vesicle, posterior to cement reservoir tapering towards posterior margin of trunk. Vas deferens, ducts of saefftigen’s pouch and cement reservoir enter bursa. Bursa 524.3–550.7 (537.5) long × 371.2–490.1 (430.7) wide.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF531B23FE01FA22" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
|
||
Female: Cylindrical, 13–18 (15.5) mm long × 0.5– 0.6 (0.6) mm wide anteriorly. Proboscis 184.0–231.0 (208.0) long × 193.0–294.0 (243.0) wide, H1 84.0–114.0 (99.0) long × 17.0–25.2 (21.1) wide, H2 65.9–79.9 (72.9) long × 10.6–15.2 (12.9) wide, H3 48.3–61.3 (54.8) long × 6.8–9.4 (8.1) wide, H4 35.1–49.6 (42.4) long × 6.2–7.9 (7.0) wide. HR1 56.5–58.7 (57.6), HR2 44.9–49.1 (47.0), HR3 36.3–39.0 (37.6). Proboscis receptacle 790.7–826.6 (808.6) long × 170.1–202.6 (186.4) wide. Neck unarmed 258.5–323.1 (290.8) long × 218.3–294.4 (256.4) wide. L1 2432.0 long × 52.0 wide, L2 1878.0 long × 48.0 wide (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD029E05336AFD621A57FC00FAF6" box="[758,918,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
). Collar spines 14–18 circles, 27.4–30.9 (29.2) long, spine field covering 526.1–569.8 (547.9) region of trunk. Trunk spines 55–73 circles (11–16 per circle),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E05336AFAF11A7BFF3BFABE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11 in</quantity>
|
||
the posterior circles, 26.7–33.1 (29.9) long. Female reproductive system 605.1–695.3 (650.2) long, uterine bell well developed 95.1–102.5 (98.8) long, leading into muscular uterus 396.5–457.4 (426.9) long, vagina 121.6–134.6 (128.1) long, well developed vaginal sphincter, opens into centro–terminal gonopore. Egg 66.0–78.4 (72.2) long × 34.8–37.8 (36.3) wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E05336DFF031953FEE1FD42" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336AFF031953FF6FF9EA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1555,2013]" box="[151,249,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFF031953FF6FF9EA" box="[151,249,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E05336DFF531977FD61FF12" blockId="3.[151,1437,1555,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The present species is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFD0C1977FC98F996" authorityName="Van cleave" authorityYear="1928" box="[664,782,1591,1617]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFD0C1977FC98F996" box="[664,782,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Pallisentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of two well separated spined regions in the trunk and syncytial cement gland in males. According to the updated key to the species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFAB2191BFE05F95E" authority="(Rana & Kaur 2021 b)" baseAuthorityName="Rana & Kaur" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFAB2191BFA0AF9B2" box="[1318,1436,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Pallisentis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B7A9E05336AFF0B193FFE1AF95E" author="Rana, K. & Kaur, H." box="[159,396,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" pagination="244 - 254" refId="ref18219" refString="Rana, K. & Kaur, H. (2021 b) Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 16, 244 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijppaw. 2021.10.011" type="journal article" year="2021">Rana & Kaur 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, four species namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFD18193FFB87F95E" authority="Khan and Bilqees, 1985" authorityName="Khan and Bilqees" authorityYear="1985" box="[652,1041,1662,1689]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="kalriai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFD18193FFD62F95E" box="[652,756,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. kalriai</emphasis>
|
||
Khan and Bilqees, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFB8A193FFB11F95F" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[1054,1159,1663,1688]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFB8A193FFB11F95F" box="[1054,1159,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFB03193FFB69F95F" authorityName="Gupta and Verma" authorityYear="1980" box="[1175,1279,1663,1689]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="gomtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFB03193FFB3EF95F" box="[1175,1192,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFB23193FFB69F95F" box="[1207,1279,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">gomtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFAAB193FFA0AF95F" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[1343,1436,1663,1688]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="amini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFAAB193FFA0AF95F" box="[1343,1436,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. amini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphologically resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFE5A19E3FD1CF97A" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[462,650,1699,1725]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFE5A19E3FD1CF97A" box="[462,650,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having conical trunk spines not extending to posterior end of either sex and the presence of saefftigen’s pouch in males. However, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFC351987FBF6F926" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[929,1120,1735,1761]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFC351987FBF6F926" box="[929,1120,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows closest resemblance to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFF7419ABFED0F8C3" authorityName="Gupta and Verma" authorityYear="1980" box="[224,326,1771,1796]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="gomtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFF7419ABFED0F8C3" box="[224,326,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. gomtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having similarity in the number of proboscis hooks and distribution of trunk spines. However, following differences have been observed: First, the size of proboscis is shorter in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFBD7184FFB6AF8EE" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[1091,1276,1807,1833]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFBD7184FFB6AF8EE" box="[1091,1276,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but comprises significantly longer proboscis hooks in comparison to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFC861873FCE5F88B" authorityName="Gupta and Verma" authorityYear="1980" box="[786,883,1843,1868]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="gomtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFC861873FCE5F88B" box="[786,883,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. gomtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A403309E05336AFCEB1873FC47F88A" box="[895,977,1843,1869]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric comparison of the hooks of P. himachalensis n. sp. and P longus n. sp. with the closely related species of the genus" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Second, the paired lemnisci are unequal and much longer in the present species in contrast to the equal and comparatively shorter lemnisci in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFB7A1817FAC6F8B7" authorityName="Gupta and Verma" authorityYear="1980" box="[1262,1360,1879,1904]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="gomtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFB7A1817FAC6F8B7" box="[1262,1360,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. gomtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A403309E05336AFAC81817FF30F852" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,244,1461,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of P. himachalensis n. sp. and P longus n. sp. with the closely related species of the genus" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Third, the trunk spines in case of female in both the species end some distance before the posterior end but in the case of present species additional 3–4 circles of trunk spines are present at the posterior tip of the female; however, it may show marked intraspecific variability. Fourth, the reproductive organs of the male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E05336AFB751883FA0AF81A" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[1249,1436,1987,2013]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E05336AFB751883FA0AF81A" box="[1249,1436,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are notably longer than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFE531FD7FDBCFF77" authorityName="Gupta and Verma" authorityYear="1980" box="[455,554,151,176]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="gomtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFE531FD7FDBCFF77" box="[455,554,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. gomtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A403309E02336DFDA31FD7FD18FF76" box="[567,654,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,244,1461,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of P. himachalensis n. sp. and P longus n. sp. with the closely related species of the genus" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Female gonopore is centro–terminal in the present species compared to the near–terminal position of gonopore in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFD191FFBFD66FF13" authorityName="Gupta and Verma" authorityYear="1980" box="[653,752,187,212]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="gomtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFD191FFBFD66FF13" box="[653,752,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. gomtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E02336DFF531F9FFEE1FD42" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFF531F9FFE11FF3E" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,391,223,249]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFF531F9FFE11FF3E" box="[199,391,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from the other morphologically close species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFBAC1F9FFB35FF3E" authorityName="Khan and Bilqees" authorityYear="1985" box="[1080,1187,223,249]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="kalriai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFBAC1F9FFB35FF3E" box="[1080,1187,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. kalriai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFB761F9FFADBFF3F" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[1250,1357,223,248]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFB761F9FFADBFF3F" box="[1250,1357,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the distribution of trunk spines and post equatorial position of the testes. The size of reproductive organs significantly differs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFE961E67FE2BFE86" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[258,445,295,321]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFE961E67FE2BFE86" box="[258,445,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in comparison to the other two species, for example the testes are more than 1100 (1170– 1190) long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFEA11E0BFE0AFEA2" authorityName="Khan and Bilqees" authorityYear="1985" box="[309,412,331,357]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="kalriai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFEA11E0BFE0AFEA2" box="[309,412,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. kalriai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the anterior testis and posterior testis are 240–440 and 80–140 long, respectively, in
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFA1C1E0BFF7CFE4F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFA1C1E0BFF70FE4F" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="meyeri">P. meyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas the in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFE041E2FFDDFFE4E" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[400,585,367,393]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFE041E2FFDDFFE4E" box="[400,585,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P.himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anterior and posterior testis are 899–1060 and 713–991 long, respectively. Also, the cement gland nuclei in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFD941ED3FDF0FE6B" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[512,614,403,428]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFD941ED3FDF0FE6B" box="[512,614,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 10–14, whereas 26–29 nuclei are reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFB161ED3FAAAFE6A" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[1154,1340,403,429]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFB161ED3FAAAFE6A" box="[1154,1340,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cement gland nuclei in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFED51EF7FE31FE16" authorityName="Khan and Bilqees" authorityYear="1985" box="[321,423,439,465]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="kalriai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFED51EF7FE31FE16" box="[321,423,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. kalriai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not reported). The other species
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFC851EF7FCE4FE17" box="[785,882,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFC851EF7FCF9FE17" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[785,879,439,464]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="amini">P. amini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which shows some morphological similarity with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFF541E9BFEEDFE32" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,379,475,501]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFF541E9BFEEDFE32" box="[192,379,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the size of the proboscis hooks and the declining pattern of the proboscis hooks. The average length of lemnisci is longer than
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E02336DFDF01EBEFD2EFDDE" box="[612,696,510,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" unit="in" value="1500.0">1500 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFD2B1EBFFC17FDDE" box="[703,897,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFD2B1EBFFCEBFDDE" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[703,893,511,537]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">P. himachalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas the lemnisci are shorter than
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E02336DFAB91EBEFA17FDDE" box="[1325,1409,510,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" unit="in" value="1500.0">1500 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFA1C1EBFFF41FDFB" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="amini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFA1C1EBFFF41FDFB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. amini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The average size of testes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFDB71D63FDEBFDFB" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[547,637,547,572]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="amini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFDB71D63FDEBFDFB" box="[547,637,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. amini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much shorter (anterior testis: 375, posterior testis: 350) than that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFA1C1D63FEA1FDA6" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFA1C1D63FEA1FDA6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, the number of cement gland nuclei in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFCC41D07FC3DFDA7" authorityName="Gautam, Misra, and Saxena" authorityYear="2019" box="[848,939,583,608]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="amini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFCC41D07FC3DFDA7" box="[848,939,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. amini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6–16, whereas 26–29 nuclei are observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E02336DFF201D2BFEF9FD42" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[180,367,619,645]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E02336DFF201D2BFEF9FD42" box="[180,367,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="581">P. himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |