160 lines
20 KiB
XML
160 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="888B87BA2EEDE3A8B5D6F4CABD4E0226" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1845409" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5029327" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624566005208" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dinets, Vladimir & Asada, Keishu" docDate="2021" docId="0388F00ED719FF98F596D9DDFC519350" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.37-38.2391-2414.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (37 - 38)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1845409" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rattus norvegicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2404" masterDocId="FFB18876D715FF96F536DA2CFF889628" masterDocTitle="Noble savages: human-independent Rattus rats in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="2414" masterPageNumber="2391" pageNumber="2402" updateTime="1698976009653" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="27EC798280EDE4B063722FB826EAB045">
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<mods:title id="C0320ABA4289E756C2F9C30B47BF41F6">Noble savages: human-independent Rattus rats in Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="91E3E9B3048B9CDCA02052C09B7BA657" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="92F11E39404B084485A5EAC9FC54A11E">Dinets, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8E2320E1A978BBA4F9F2688440EF86C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1822A01C44D67F0ED0E120D0084B720">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58CB4F2C29E6F4A9E57B774714C44D5E">Asada, Keishu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A824E107B9B315BE8F9BABD8DC378912">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61900B59F11E756C8ED57249DF82B9CE">
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<mods:date id="B370D85A9C5AAFA376AC1F3654D87A43">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6F731B520226C296D36B73366572B7AB">2021-03-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4A59F6A1BCFAF7C43A95449799070029">54</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D38B6B2A7E281273DB7FD72206D5C329">37 - 38</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="66B0E2EE5DB0DB86BF69DBB7EC49BD89">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1845409</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="91D352D5343CDDDD3C0FFFC0CC74FCD7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="56804F29B8ED05AB0F4BD3BC047B85C3" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2020.1845409</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="45EC63ED5BD01E182B32D39548670124" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0388F00ED719FF98F596D9DDFC519350" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5030778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388F00ED719FF98F596D9DDFC519350" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388F00ED719FF98F596D9DDFC519350" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="2404" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">
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<subSubSection id="C33B1293D719FF9AF596D9DDFEF89249" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D719FF9AF596D9DDFEF39223" blockId="12.[160,379,1009,1035]" box="[160,379,1009,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">
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<heading id="D0D6F674D719FF9AF596D9DDFEF39223" bold="true" box="[160,379,1009,1035]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD719FF9AF596D9DDFEF39223" ID-CoL="4RM67" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[160,379,1009,1035]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD719FF9AF596D9DDFEF39223" bold="true" box="[160,379,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D719FF9AF596DE0AFEF89249" blockId="12.[160,1156,1062,1711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD719FF9AF596DE0AFF349217" box="[160,188,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Rn</emphasis>
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was detected in natural habitats on three of the main islands and on Tsushima Island (
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<tableCitation id="C6A374A3D719FF9AF59EDE64FF729249" box="[168,250,1096,1121]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[127,183,410,433]" captionText="Table 1. Sites where surveying for Rattus rats was conducted in Japan in 2017–2019." pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A5D9DD719FF9AF431DE64FEEB9249" box="[263,355,1096,1121]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[160,225,976,999]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,143,940]" captionTargetId="figure-114@8.[163,1153,142,945]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Locations of study sites in Japan. (a) Sites more than 1 km from human habitat where no Rattus rats were detected; (b) sites where brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was detected more than 1 km from human settlements; (c) records of brown rat far from human settlements made by earlier surveys (Ota 1968; Abe et al. 1971; Maekawa et al. 2002); (d) sites where brown rat was detected in natural habitats but less than 1 km from human settlements, (e) sites where Asian house rat (R. tanezumi) was detected more than 1 km from human settlements within its possible native range. 1 – Kiritappu Marsh, 2 – Kushiro Marsh, 3 – Daisetsuzan National Park, 4 – Torii Pass, 5 – Kasuga Primaeval Forest, 6 – Hokigamine Forest Park, 7 – Bogatsuru Marsh, 8 – Bonotsu area, 9 – Aso Bay Park. Omitted are records of Asian house rat from the Ogasawara Islands and central and southern Ryukyu Islands, where it is known to be non-native." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029329/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B1293D719FF98F5F6DE47FC519350" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="2404" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D719FF9AF5F6DE47FCC49087" blockId="12.[160,1156,1062,1711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">
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On
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<collectingRegion id="49E58FFAD719FF9AF5DEDE47FEDD92AC" box="[232,341,1131,1156]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
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, we found two trackways in March and observed one animal (
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<figureCitation id="131A5D9DD719FF9AF133DE47FBE892AC" box="[1029,1120,1131,1156]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-45@13.[163,1153,142,1514]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Kushiro Marsh, Japan’s largest remaining wetland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029339/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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) in August in Kushiro Marsh, the largest remaining natural wetland in
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<collectingCountry id="F3360188D719FF9AF649DEA2FC4B928F" box="[895,963,1166,1191]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Japan</collectingCountry>
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. All three records were along the edges of wood patches surrounded by reedbeds, tall grass and patches of open water (
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<figureCitation id="131A5D9DD719FF9AF418DEFFFE0192C4" box="[302,393,1235,1260]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,879,902]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Habitat of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in large natural wetland, Kushiro-Shitsugen National Park, Hokkaido." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029341/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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). One trackway was found in March in Kiritappu Marsh (a similar but smaller wetland) in a large reedbed ~
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<quantity id="4CD9ECFDD719FF9AF777DEDAFDF59327" box="[577,637,1270,1295]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
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from the edge of mixed forest. We also found one trackway in December on a snow-covered beach in Shiretoko National Park, but it was less than
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<quantity id="4CD9ECFDD719FF9AF43CDF17FEC9937C" box="[266,321,1339,1364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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from residential buildings. That trackway appeared to be a well-used path ~
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<quantity id="4CD9ECFDD719FF9AF59BDF72FF6F935F" box="[173,231,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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long, connecting a burrow in the coastal cliff with intertidal zone, where more than a hundred fragments of broken shells of periwinkles (
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD719FF9AF7C1DFACFCF293B1" box="[759,890,1408,1433]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Littorinidae</taxonomicName>
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) were scattered among the rocks. The intertidal zone in this area also had numerous limpets, crabs, sea stars, sea urchins, kelp plants, and other possible food items. In Daisetsuzan National Park we found one trackway in March in riparian forest of birch (
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD719FF9AF7FFDFC4FCBD9029" box="[713,821,1512,1537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B9559D0AD719FF9AF7FFDFC4FC859029" box="[713,781,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Betula</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="131A5D9DD719FF9AF67FDFC4FC2D9029" box="[841,933,1512,1537]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[160,225,833,856]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,801]" captionTargetId="figure-3@15.[163,1153,142,802]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Habitat of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in riparian birch forest, Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaido." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029343/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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), and observed one animal in August as it was feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD719FF9AF778DC27FD68900C" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[590,736,1547,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
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moths on a paved road through oldgrowth mixed montane forest (
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<figureCitation id="131A5D9DD719FF9AF737DC02FDD6906F" box="[513,606,1582,1607]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,958,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-27@15.[163,1153,958,1618]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Habitat of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in mixed upland forest, Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaido." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029345/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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), near a small stream lined with alder (
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD719FF9AF122DC02FBF2906F" box="[1044,1146,1582,1607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD719FF9AF122DC02FBC7906F" box="[1044,1103,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402">Alnus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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). The moths were flying in great numbers that night, and covered the road pavement at densities of up to 3 moths per
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<quantity id="4CD9ECFDD719FF9AF729DC5FFDC790A4" box="[543,591,1651,1676]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="2402" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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2 of the road (visual estimate). Numerous other mammals, birds and amphibians were also feeding on them.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5E1190D718FF9BF596DC26FBBC9009" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5029339" box="[160,1076,1546,1569]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029339/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403" startId="13.[160,225,1546,1569]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1514]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D718FF9BF596DC26FBBC9009" blockId="13.[160,1076,1546,1569]" box="[160,1076,1546,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD718FF9BF596DC26FF729009" bold="true" box="[160,250,1546,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Brown rat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD718FF9BF447DC26FD929009" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[369,538,1546,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD718FF9BF447DC26FD929009" box="[369,538,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) in Kushiro Marsh, Japan’s largest remaining wetland.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D718FF98F5F6DC71FB0D9269" blockId="13.[160,1156,1629,1723]" lastBlockId="14.[160,1157,994,1400]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="2404" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403">
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On Honshu and Kyushu
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD718FF9BF4EBDC71FE71905E" box="[477,505,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403">Rn</emphasis>
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was recorded only in wetlands.
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<materialsCitation id="3B494B45D718FF98F640DC71FB099236" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="2404" location="Lake Biwa" municipality="Tone River" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Niigata">
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On Honshu, at least six individuals were seen in June walking and feeding (on unidentified small seeds) along the edges of reedbeds of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFADB62D718FF9BF4D6DC8EFDD69093" box="[480,606,1698,1723]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2403">Tone River</collectingMunicipality>
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near Sasagawa, one was observed in August running across an opening in a small wetland on
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<collectingRegion id="49E58FFAD71BFF98F7D9D9CEFCC895D3" box="[751,832,994,1019]" country="Japan" name="Niigata" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Niigata</collectingRegion>
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||
Plain, and 12 were seen in December running and swimming in flooded woodlands along the shores of
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<location id="8EFE17C3D71BFF98F13BDE29FB099236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388F00ED719FF98F596D9DDFC519350:8EFE17C3D71BFF98F13BDE29FB099236" box="[1037,1153,1029,1054]" municipality="Tone River" name="Lake Biwa" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404" stateProvince="Niigata">Lake Biwa</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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. However, all those locations were within
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<quantity id="4CD9ECFDD71BFF98F741DE04FD279269" box="[631,687,1064,1089]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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of residential buildings and/or ricefields.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5E1190D71BFF98F596D943FEB2958B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5029341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029341/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404" startId="14.[160,225,879,902]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,847]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D71BFF98F596D943FEB2958B" blockId="14.[160,1155,879,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD71BFF98F596D943FF7195AE" bold="true" box="[160,249,879,902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Habitat of brown rat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C213A9BD71BFF98F4E7D943FDF195AE" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[465,633,879,902]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD71BFF98F4E7D943FDF195AE" box="[465,633,879,902]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) in large natural wetland, Kushiro-Shitsugen National Park, Hokkaido.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E4118D71BFF98F5F6DE66FEB59280" blockId="14.[160,1157,994,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">
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On Kyushu, one
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD71BFF98F4BBDE66FE21924B" box="[397,425,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Rn</emphasis>
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was seen in December running across a sedge meadow in Bogatsuru Marsh, a unique high-elevation wetland inside a volcanic crater in Aso-Kuji National Park.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E4118D71BFF98F5F6DE9EFC519350" blockId="14.[160,1157,994,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">
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On Tsushima, two
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<emphasis id="B9559D0AD71BFF98F4A6DE9EFE2492E3" box="[400,428,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Rn</emphasis>
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were observed in August feeding on crabs in the intertidal zone in Aso Bay Park, along a shoreline lined with deciduous forest and wetlands (
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<figureCitation id="131A5D9DD71BFF98F12EDEF9FBFE92C6" box="[1048,1142,1237,1262]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[160,225,819,842]" captionTargetBox="[160,1150,142,802]" captionTargetId="figure-339@16.[160,1150,142,802]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Habitat of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) along forested seashore with tidal wetlands, Aso Bay Park, Tsushima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5029347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5029347/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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). One was seen entering a burrow in a steep clay slope ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9ECFDD71BFF98F626DEDBFCB59338" box="[784,829,1271,1296]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
from the water edge at high tide; the burrow had likely been built by the rat, as similar waterside burrows are commonly built in riverbanks by human-independent
|
||
<emphasis id="B9559D0AD71BFF98F624DF11FCA6937E" box="[786,814,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404">Rn</emphasis>
|
||
in Russian Far East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB03CE9D71BFF98F128DF11FF5F9350" author="Kuzyakin AP" pageId="14" pageNumber="2404" pagination="22 - 81" refId="ref10451" refString="Kuzyakin AP. 1951. History of expansion, recent distribution, and habitation sites of the Norway rat in the USSR. In: Formozov AN, editor. Fauna and ecology of rodents. Vol. 4. Moscow: MOIP; p. 22 - 81. [in Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1951">Kuzyakin 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Local people reported rats to be common along the island’s coast.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |