129 lines
14 KiB
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129 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="6FFF07A47B6C2F0E4B35BF2EE47B31A9" ID-CLB-Dataset="22437" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.108" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41d54399-b903-4b22-afab-dec75fdf804f" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779322" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588286143315" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Turner, Ian M." docDate="2015" docId="0385BB6BFFD99F35FF45FF89FA86A84D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-108.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 108" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhododendron arboreum" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFBCC313FFD39F39FFF8F945FFCDAB2D" masterDocTitle="The botanical legacy of Thomas Hardwicke’s journey to Srinagar in 1796" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698838245414" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0B16E2FFADCAF5A6E698C6510251076B">The botanical legacy of Thomas Hardwicke’s journey to Srinagar in 1796</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1EDB57FA9384C69F17E8F57F6A920A2">Turner, Ian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0614D5F3678527066292E4A7C4C352C1">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="38E23F42359CF6EF786D8A31BA2017EF">
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<mods:date id="6CE2A39FCF0C55BB9F238DAA5114584C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00A46A1D084F7238D9E45925481B3841">2015-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8F1F304343B444A5C4B1E1CA589E0162">108</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C76B1ADD77C1750A344712078B6E10CE" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2015.108</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0385BB6BFFD99F35FF45FF89FA86A84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795281" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163879602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3795281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385BB6BFFD99F35FF45FF89FA86A84D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385BB6BFFD99F35FF45FF89FA86A84D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C33659F6FFD99F33FF45FF89FE3DADCA" box="[189,496,1740,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B930A7DFFD99F33FF45FF89FE3DADCA" blockId="10.[189,496,1740,1767]" box="[189,496,1740,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0DBBD11FFD99F33FF45FF89FE3DADCA" bold="true" box="[189,496,1740,1767]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFD99F33FF45FF89FE3DADCA" ID-CoL="6X73M" box="[189,496,1740,1767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD99F33FF45FF89FE3DADCA" bold="true" box="[189,496,1740,1767]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhododendron arboreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33659F6FFD99F35FF45FFBEFA86A84D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B930A7DFFD99F35FF45FFBEFC7DAABC" blockId="10.[189,1399,1787,2027]" lastBlockId="12.[189,1399,267,402]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Probably the most important of these Smith names is
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFD99F33FCBCFFBEFBA0AC38" box="[836,1133,1787,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD99F33FCBCFFBEFBA0AC38" box="[836,1133,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhododendron arboreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Smith acknowledged that the species was based entirely on Hardwicke’s description and drawing. Hardwicke had included it as ‘Doubtful’ on pp.
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<quantity id="4CD4A798FFD99F33FE35FE07FD9EAC71" box="[461,595,1858,1885]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1313" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="9.1186" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="359.5" valueMax="360.0" valueMin="359.0">359–360 in</quantity>
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his paper but did not provide a name.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD778CFFD99F33FBD8FE07FAC8AC70" author="Britten J." box="[1056,1285,1858,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="235 - 241" refId="ref8948" refString="Britten J. 1906. Hardwicke's botanical drawings. Journal of Botany, British and foreign 44: 235 - 241." type="journal article" year="1906">Britten (1906: 240)</bibRefCitation>
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wrote, in reference to drawing no.
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<quantity id="4CD4A798FFD99F33FE11FE23FDEAACAD" box="[489,551,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
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the Natural History Museum collection, ‘the drawing is practically the
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<typeStatus id="5497B4DFFFD99F33FF45FECFFF3DAC89" box="[189,240,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD99F33FEEEFECFFE77AC8E" box="[278,442,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Exotic Botany</emphasis>
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, tab. 6’. I take this to be an effective lectotypification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFD99F33FBA8FECFFF21ACEA" authority="Sm." authorityName="Sm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD99F33FBA8FECFFABAAC89" box="[1104,1399,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhododendron arboreum</emphasis>
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Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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to drawing 40. The use of ‘practically’ has a degree of ambiguity but in the literal sense – for practical purposes – it seems acceptable and it is clear that the section refers to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFD99F33FBB1FE94FAA2ACC6" box="[1097,1391,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD99F33FBB1FE94FAA2ACC6" box="[1097,1391,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhododendron arboreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In the absence of any Hardwicke specimens, the choice of
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<typeStatus id="5497B4DFFFDF9F35FC97F849FC6FAA0B" box="[879,930,268,294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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seems limited to the illustrations which comprise drawing 40, a drawing in the British Library set (Vol. VII no. 23) and Smith’s published illustration (t. 6). Britten’s selection does not therefore present any problems, and, surprisingly, I have not found any other attempts to designate a
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<typeStatus id="5497B4DFFFDF9F35FD46F83DFD3CAABF" box="[702,753,376,402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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for this species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF535AF5FFD89F32FF45FEE8FB56ACC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[283,1305,267,1925]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8B930A7DFFD89F32FF45FEE8FB56ACC6" blockId="11.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD89F32FF45FEE8FEC3ACE5" bold="true" box="[189,270,1965,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
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Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFD89F32FE45FEEBFC17ACEA" authority="Hardw., Hardwicke Drawing" authorityName="Hardw., Hardwicke Drawing" box="[445,986,1965,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laminosa">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFD89F32FE45FEEBFDB8ACEA" box="[445,629,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ficus laminosa</emphasis>
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Hardw., Hardwicke Drawing
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</taxonomicName>
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no. 65 from the collection of the Botany Library, Natural History Museum. © The Natural History Museum, London.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B930A7DFFDF9F35FF45F8FCFA86A84D" blockId="12.[189,1399,441,864]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Hardwicke’s description was used to validate another name.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD778CFFDF9F35FC6FF8FFFBF9AAF9" author="Raper F. V." box="[919,1076,442,468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="446 - 563" refId="ref9988" refString="Raper F. V. 1810. Narrative of a survey for the purpose of discovering the sources of the Ganges. Asiatick Researches 11: 446 - 563." type="journal article" year="1810">Raper (1810)</bibRefCitation>
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produced a long report on another expedition to the same area of
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<collectingCountry id="F33B4AEDFFDF9F35FD61F898FD18AADA" box="[665,725,477,503]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
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as Hardwicke’s. This was communicated to the Asiatic Society by, the then President, H.T. Colebrooke. The published account in
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FBECFB44FB31A936" box="[1044,1276,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asiatick Researches</emphasis>
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contains a number of footnotes – the first of which states that the note is by the President. Raper’s account mentions a number of plant species, mostly using vernacular names. For boorans, the native name reported by Hardwicke for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFDF9F35FE93FB28FD5DA9AA" box="[363,656,621,647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FE93FB28FD5DA9AA" box="[363,656,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhododendron arboreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, there is a footnote that gives the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFDF9F35FBAAFB28FEC9A986" authority="Roxb." authorityName="Roxb. ex Colebr. in Raper, Asiatick Researches" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puniceum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FBAAFB28FABBA9AA" box="[1106,1398,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhododendron puniceum</emphasis>
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Roxb.
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</taxonomicName>
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and a direct reference to Hardwicke’s description. This link provided by Colebrooke between Roxburgh’s name and Hardwicke’s description validates
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFDF9F35FC9AFBF0FB47A9E2" authorityName="Roxb. ex Colebr. in Raper, Asiatick Researches" authorityYear="1832" box="[866,1162,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puniceum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FC9AFBF0FB47A9E2" box="[866,1162,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhododendron puniceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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more than 20 years prior to its publication in
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FE0FFB9CFD42A9DE" box="[503,655,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flora Indica</emphasis>
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. I lectotypify
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C71FEFFDF9F35FCC6FB9FFC19A9DE" authorityName="Roxb. ex Colebr. in Raper, Asiatick Researches" authorityYear="1832" box="[830,980,730,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puniceum">
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FCC6FB9FFC19A9DE" box="[830,980,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. puniceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the
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<emphasis id="B958D66FFFDF9F35FBD6FB9CFB2FA9DE" box="[1070,1250,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Plants of
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<collectingCountry id="F33B4AEDFFDF9F35FB5CFB9CFB2FA9DE" box="[1188,1250,729,755]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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copy of the drawing. In fact, Roxburgh did see the Hardwicke drawing of boorans. William Hunter, in a letter of
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<date id="FF922CBDFFDF9F35FF45FA64FE6EA816" box="[189,419,801,827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1797-09-24">24 September 1797</date>
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, included a request from Roxburgh for another copy of the drawing as his had been ‘carried away’ by Sir J. Murray (possibly Sir John Murray
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<date id="FF922CBDFFDF9F35FC96FA00FC38A84D" box="[878,1013,837,864]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1745" valueMax="1822">1745–1822</date>
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, Auditor General of Bengal).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |