272 lines
28 KiB
XML
272 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" approvalRequired="28" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="28" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF8EFFD39BFDFA77FD8FBD1A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.10:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Melphinyet flavina Evans 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1661955737594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.cock@cabi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-10-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3724</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>85</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5267833</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5268130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5268130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF8EFFD39BFDFA77FD8FBD1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385994AFF8EFFD39BFDFA77FD8FBD1A" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[151,537,1510,1536]" box="[151,537,1510,1536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,537,1510,1536]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1937" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,537,1510,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,537,1510,1536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,379,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Melphinyet flavina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans" box="[387,537,1510,1536]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[151,1436,1581,1678]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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The
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<typeStatus box="[203,251,1582,1606]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
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locality is
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<collectingCountry box="[380,470,1581,1606]" name="Uganda" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, and this species is found from there west to
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<collectingCountry box="[991,1064,1581,1606]" name="Ghana" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Larsen" box="[1081,1225,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. & 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry box="[1290,1436,1581,1606]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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(T.B. Larsen, pers. comm.), and east to
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<collectingCountry box="[599,686,1617,1642]" name="Uganda" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans" box="[702,838,1617,1642]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans" box="[851,911,1617,1642]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="881 - 885" refId="ref42248" refString="Evans, W. H. (1956) Revisional notes on African Hesperiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (12), 881 - 885. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655708" type="journal article" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
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). MJWC reared specimens from
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<collectingCountry box="[1285,1435,1617,1642]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[158,326,1653,1678]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 53" captionStart-1="FIGURE 54" captionStartId-0="49.[151,249,1928,1950]" captionStartId-1="50.[151,249,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1431,518,1878]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,195,1544]" captionTargetId-0="figure-239@49.[151,1436,517,1906]" captionTargetId-1="figure-240@50.[151,1436,195,1544]" captionTargetPageId-0="49" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionText-0="FIGURE 53. Pinned reared adults of Melphinyet flavina. 1, male, collected as final instar caterpillar on Macaranga spinosa, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged 29 Jun; 89/211A. 2, female, as 1 but emerged 5 Jul; 89/211B. 3, female, collected as final instar caterpillar on Macaranga hurifolia, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged 27 Jun; 89/210." captionText-1="FIGURE 54. Adult Melphinyet flavina, 1–2, male, collected as caterpillar on Macaranga spinosa 3 Jun 1989, Foret de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire; emerged and photographed 29 Jun; 89/211A; 3, female, collected as final instar caterpillar on Macaranga hurifolia, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged and photographed 27 Jun; 89/210." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267948" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267950" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5267948/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5267950/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figures 53–54</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[151,1437,1719,1960]" box="[151,286,1719,1744]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis box="[151,286,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Food plants</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[151,1437,1719,1960]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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MJWC’s records are from the
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<taxonomicName box="[498,664,1756,1781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName box="[674,911,1756,1781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hurifolia">
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<emphasis box="[674,911,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Macaranga hurifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(89/210 Forêt de Yapo, plant voucher MJWC 314) and
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<taxonomicName box="[259,383,1791,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">M. spinosa</taxonomicName>
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(89/203 Adiopodoumé, plant voucher MJWC 317; 89/211 Foret de Yapo, no plant voucher).
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<bibRefCitation author="Vuattoux" box="[151,343,1828,1853]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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records a single rearing of
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<taxonomicName box="[696,941,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="statirides">
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<emphasis box="[696,941,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Melphinyet statirides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName box="[1025,1266,1828,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Alchornea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
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<emphasis box="[1025,1266,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Alchornea cordifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on an identification by MJWC. At that time, the specimens in MJWC’s collection as
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<taxonomicName box="[1039,1180,1863,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="statirides">
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<emphasis box="[1039,1180,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. statirides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were misidentified
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. flavina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1891" box="[289,401,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarace">
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<emphasis box="[289,401,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. tarace</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, so it is likely that Vuattoux’s record is a misidentification for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[1138,1256,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
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<emphasis box="[1138,1256,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. flavina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(or perhaps
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarace">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. tarace</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but Vuattoux’s food plant aligns better with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[723,838,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
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<emphasis box="[723,838,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. flavina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[151,295,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis box="[151,295,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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When collected in the penultimate instar, caterpillar 89/203 occupied an irregular two-cut shelter near the apex of the leaf folded over upwards, with feeding basal to this up to the midrib. The final instar caterpillar 89/210 was in a similar, but larger shelter. Four days later it had formed a pupal chamber isolated on the bared midrib of a leaf. The shelter was made by folding the leaf lamina upwards on each side of the mid rib, to make a chamber about
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<quantity box="[1364,1436,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="35.0">35mm</quantity>
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long by
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<quantity box="[242,313,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="18.0">18mm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity box="[424,495,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="11.0">11mm</quantity>
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thick; the edges were sealed apart from 2–3 small holes on top, and a
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<quantity box="[1277,1335,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
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entrance distally above the midrib. Four days later the pupa was formed. The caterpillars of collection 89/211 were noted to be in similar shelters as those of 89/203 and 89/210, and the mature caterpillars went on to
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<taxonomicName box="[1215,1341,404,429]" form="pupal" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="form">form pupal</taxonomicName>
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shelters similar to that described for 89/210 (
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<figureCitation box="[560,673,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="51.[151,249,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-277@51.[151,1436,411,1051]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 55. Pupal shelter of Melphinyet flavina formed in captivity, collected as final instar caterpillar on Macaranga spinosa, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; pupa shelter formed and photographed 14 Jun; shelter 33mm long; 89/211B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267952/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figure 55</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267948/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,249,1928,1950]" targetBox="[163,1431,518,1878]" targetPageId="49">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,1436,1928,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,282,1928,1950]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 53</emphasis>
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. Pinned reared adults of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[542,733,1928,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
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<emphasis box="[542,733,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Melphinyet flavina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[748,761,1928,1950]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1</emphasis>
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, male, collected as final instar caterpillar on
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<taxonomicName authority=", Foret de Yapo" authorityName="Foret de Yapo" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis box="[1226,1429,1929,1950]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Macaranga spinosa</emphasis>
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, Forêt de Yapo
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</taxonomicName>
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, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged 29 Jun; 89/211A.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[872,885,1958,1980]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2</emphasis>
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, female, as 1 but emerged 5 Jul; 89/211B.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1334,1346,1958,1980]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3</emphasis>
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, female, collected as final instar caterpillar on
|
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<taxonomicName authority=", Foret de Yapo" authorityName="Foret de Yapo" box="[532,902,1989,2011]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hurifolia">
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<emphasis box="[532,744,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Macaranga hurifolia</emphasis>
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||
, Forêt de Yapo
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</taxonomicName>
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, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged 27 Jun; 89/210.
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267950/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,249,1565,1587]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1544]" targetPageId="50">
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||
<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1565,1649]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,281,1565,1587]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 54</emphasis>
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. Adult
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[360,551,1565,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
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||
<emphasis box="[360,551,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Melphinyet flavina</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,603,1565,1587]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">1–2</emphasis>
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, male, collected as caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[949,1151,1566,1587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[949,1151,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Macaranga spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3 Jun 1989, Foret de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire; emerged and photographed 29 Jun; 89/211A;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[796,808,1596,1618]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">3</emphasis>
|
||
, female, collected as final instar caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Foret de Yapo" authorityName="Foret de Yapo" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hurifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Macaranga hurifolia</emphasis>
|
||
, Forêt de Yapo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged and photographed 27 Jun; 89/210.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1437,1688,2037]" box="[151,277,1688,1713]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,277,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1437,1688,2037]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
When collected, the n-2 instar caterpillar 89/203 measured
|
||
<quantity box="[827,889,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
|
||
; head oval slightly indent at vertex, dull brown. Dorsal plate T1 black, extending half way laterally. Body dull yellow green, A8–9 darker, brownish; darker where gut contents show, yellow gonads visible A5. When disturbed it threshes the anterior part of the body about. The penultimate instar was not described, but the head capsule measured 1.9 x
|
||
<quantity box="[1025,1103,1832,1857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high; oval, indent at vertex; brown; covered with irregular polygons; scattered very short pale setae, those on face widened at apex. When newly moulted to the final instar, it measured
|
||
<quantity box="[768,839,1904,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="20.0">20mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[857,974,1904,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="51.[151,249,1580,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1175,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-281@51.[151,1436,1175,1558]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 56. Final instar caterpillar of Melphinyet flavina, collected as instar n-2 on Macaranga spinosa, 28 May 1989; moulted to final instar 14 Jun; photographed 14 Jun; preserved 16 Jun; 20mm; 89/203. 1, dorsal view; 2, detail of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267954/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 56</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head 3.1 x 3.5 wide x high; rounded, widest near base, strongly indent at vertex; dark brown; rugose, slightly shiny with very short, pale setae, scale-like with a narrow stalk on face. T1 dark brown transverse plate extends to the level of the spiracle; scattered very short, pale setae stellate at apex. Body translucent dull dark green; cuticle with scattered pale spots except dorsally; setae as T1; A5 conspicuous yellow gonads; spiracles yellow, fairly conspicuous; A8 pale patch dorsal to spiracle; anal plate semi-circular, with fringe of pale setae and with scattered white dots; all legs concolorous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Caterpillar 89/211B was very similar in the final instar to that of 89/203 described above. The dots on the body were noted as yellowish and the spiracles as brown and inconspicuous, but these differences may reflect development during the instar or individual variation and are probably not significant. At this stage, one week before making its pupal shelter, the caterpillar measured
|
||
<quantity box="[699,773,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="28.0">28mm</quantity>
|
||
, and when making the pupal shelter it measured
|
||
<quantity box="[1311,1385,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="33.0">33mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267952/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,249,1073,1095]" targetBox="[151,1436,411,1051]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[151,1436,1073,1126]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,285,1073,1095]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 55</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupal shelter of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[483,678,1073,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[483,678,1073,1095]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Melphinyet flavina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed in captivity, collected as final instar caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Foret de Yapo" authorityName="Foret de Yapo" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Macaranga spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
, Forêt de Yapo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; pupa shelter formed and photographed 14 Jun; shelter 33mm long; 89/211B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267954/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,249,1580,1602]" targetBox="[151,1436,1175,1558]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[151,1436,1580,1632]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,285,1580,1602]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 56</emphasis>
|
||
. Final instar caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[574,768,1580,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Melphinyet" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[574,768,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Melphinyet flavina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected as instar n-2 on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1064,1269,1581,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1064,1269,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Macaranga spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 28 May 1989; moulted to final instar 14 Jun; photographed 14 Jun; preserved 16 Jun; 20mm; 89/203.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1033,1046,1610,1632]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1189,1202,1610,1632]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">2</emphasis>
|
||
, detail of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[151,1436,1678,1882]" box="[151,210,1678,1701]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,210,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[151,1436,1678,1882]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The pupa of 89/210 was smooth, rounded and undistinguished; long, brown, erect setae with hooked apex on anterior and posterior portions of the eyes; brown with thorax, appendages and posterior end darker brown; spiracles T1 paler brown, not significantly protuberant; proboscis sheath extended
|
||
<quantity box="[1082,1161,1785,1810]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond wing sheaths. It was supported by a simple silk girdle, and lay amidst loose white waxy flocculence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1110,1224,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="52.[151,249,914,936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,900]" captionTargetId="figure-176@52.[151,1436,189,900]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 57. Pupa of Melphina flavina collected as final instar caterpillar on Macaranga hurifolia, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; pupated 11 Jun; photographed 14 Jun; emerged 27 Jun; 19mm; 89/210." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267956/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figure 57</figureCitation>
|
||
). The adult female (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[158,290,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="50.[151,249,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-240@50.[151,1436,195,1544]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 54. Adult Melphinyet flavina, 1–2, male, collected as caterpillar on Macaranga spinosa 3 Jun 1989, Foret de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire; emerged and photographed 29 Jun; 89/211A; 3, female, collected as final instar caterpillar on Macaranga hurifolia, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; emerged and photographed 27 Jun; 89/210." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267950/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figure 54.3</figureCitation>
|
||
) emerged after 16–21 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |