147 lines
17 KiB
XML
147 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="9A2EB7092A790BBF2EE3D2997650DEF5" ID-CLB-Dataset="31639" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4342.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="15799d2a-1968-4874-8100-452597d4e26b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1041066" ID-ZooBank="2ACD54D2-3487-432D-9323-EEC131FE2E64" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509694849742" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Perkins, Philip D." docDate="2017" docId="038587BBE3CFFF58FF75FAC9B84EFF7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4342.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4342 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sicilicula J. Balfour-Browne" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="201" masterDocId="FFBCFFC3E307FF91FFE2FFA5B93CFF85" masterDocTitle="Hydraenidae of Madagascar (Insecta: Coleoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="201" updateTime="1698480684898" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="12218D60278B7A95540DF6937947AE26">
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<mods:title id="9E6EB4107931602671B882A6C7DC5932">Hydraenidae of Madagascar (Insecta: Coleoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81BC635257F7164E938444291DD6137B">Perkins, Philip D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D374029E7FE4CA08DB4519B1407A76A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="72C6BFC78B8076BD042B06FD5AEB4063">
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<mods:date id="98CC95B29178AD5CC29FE6F6CFC3B94B">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8544914C9528051B5F0D81FCCE43C1AE">2017-11-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="401327B692E2E0DEFE5A86980AD6F643">4342</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B779950E05E3425620AA9242E338A9AD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4342.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CCB6C005CA6785323E5719CCB7A59354" type="GBIF-Dataset">15799d2a-1968-4874-8100-452597d4e26b</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038587BBE3CFFF58FF75FAC9B84EFF7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5323764" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137233367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5323764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587BBE3CFFF58FF75FAC9B84EFF7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587BBE3CFFF58FF75FAC9B84EFF7D" lastPageId="201" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<subSubSection id="C3366526E3CFFF59FF75FAC9B8CBFA03" box="[151,503,1388,1414]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336ADE3CFFF59FF75FAC9B8CBFA03" blockId="200.[151,503,1388,1414]" box="[151,503,1388,1414]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<heading id="D0DB81C1E3CFFF59FF75FAC9B8CBFA03" bold="true" box="[151,503,1388,1414]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FF75FAC9B8CBFA03" ID-CoL="8W3KF" authority="J. Balfour-Browne" authorityName="J. Balfour-Browne" box="[151,503,1388,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FF75FAC9B8CBFA03" bold="true" box="[151,503,1388,1414]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FF75FAC9B835FA03" bold="true" box="[151,265,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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J. Balfour-Browne
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3366526E3CFFF59FF75FA17BAEDF9FC" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9336ADE3CFFF59FF75FA17BB10FA4D" blockId="200.[151,556,1458,1480]" box="[151,556,1458,1480]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FF75FA17BB14FA4D" ID-CoL="8W3KF" authority="J. Balfour-Browne 1958: 136" authorityName="J. Balfour-Browne" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,552,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FF75FA17B9CBFA4D" box="[151,247,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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J. Balfour-Browne 1958: 136
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336ADE3CFFF59FF75FA51BAEDF9FC" blockId="200.[151,1437,1524,2018]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FEFAFA51BB7FF988" ID-CoL="8W3KF" authority="Balfour-Browne" authorityName="Balfour-Browne" box="[280,579,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FEFAFA51B8BEF988" box="[280,386,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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Balfour-Browne
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</taxonomicName>
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currently comprises eight Malagasy species and one previously described species from Réunion,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FE7CF9BCBB1CF9B4" box="[414,544,1560,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonic">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FE7CF9BCBB1CF9B4" box="[414,544,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">S. borbonic</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a Balfour-Browne (1958). The type of the genus, S.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FB94F9BFBD97F9B4" ID-CoL="4X6ZQ" box="[1142,1195,1562,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teres">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FB94F9BFBD97F9B4" box="[1142,1195,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">teres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is based on a single female; no new specimens of that species were seen during this study.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FC4BF998BAC6F9D0" ID-CoL="4X6ZQ" box="[937,1018,1597,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teres">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FC4BF998BAC6F9D0" box="[937,1018,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">S. teres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a flightless species, has a distinctive habitus that differs from that of other females described herein (
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<figureCitation id="13172A28E3CFFF59FC80F9C5BAF8F9FC" box="[866,964,1632,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="201.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionText="FIGURE 193. Sicilicula teres, holotype, habitus dorsal and lateral." pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Fig. 193</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3366526E3CFFF58FF25F920B84EFF7D" lastPageId="201" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9336ADE3CFFF59FF25F920BBE0F8F0" blockId="200.[151,1437,1524,2018]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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The genus is clearly related to another member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FCD7F920BAE2F91B" authorityName="Perkins in Perkins & Balfour-Browne" authorityYear="1994" box="[821,990,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prosthetopinae">Prosthetopinae</taxonomicName>
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, the
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<collectingRegion id="49E8F84FE3CFFF59FBF4F920BD6BF91B" box="[1046,1111,1669,1694]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">South</collectingRegion>
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African genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FAEAF920BB1FF944" authority="Perkins & Balfour-Browne (1994)" authorityName="Perkins & Balfour-Browne" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Parasthetops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FAEAF920BCA0F91B" box="[1288,1436,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Parasthetops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B5CE3CFFF59FF75F90DBB1FF944" author="Perkins" box="[151,547,1704,1729]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" refString="Perkins, P. D. & Balfour-Browne, J. (1994) Contribution to the taxonomy of aquatic and humicolous beetles of the family Hydraenidae in southern Africa. Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 77, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Perkins & Balfour-Browne (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FDD0F90DBBA0F944" box="[562,668,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FDD0F90DBBA0F944" box="[562,668,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in having a more compact body form, a larger head, more strongly cordiform pronotum, and generally shorter elytra. In addition, there is unusual sexual dimorphism: females have wider elytra, sometimes having very wide explanate margins (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="13172A28E3CFFF59FBA9F955BD8CF88C" box="[1099,1200,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 199" captionStartId="207.[151,250,1234,1256]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@207.[340,1247,193,1198]" captionTargetPageId="207" captionText="FIGURE 199. Sicilicula sexplanata, habitus, holotype male dorsal (right) and lateral, and female paratype (left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1041132/files/figure.png" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Fig. 199</figureCitation>
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). Females also have dehiscent elytral apices, an unusual character for hydraenids. The aedeagi in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FBEBF8B0BD4FF8AB" box="[1033,1139,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FBEBF8B0BD4FF8AB" box="[1033,1139,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a much larger distal piece, compared to the main piece, than do members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FCEFF89DBA9DF8D4" authorityName="Perkins & Balfour-Browne" authorityYear="1994" box="[781,929,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Parasthetops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FCEFF89DBA9DF8D4" box="[781,929,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Parasthetops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The long flexible flagellum present in some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FEEFF8F8B89DF8F3" authorityName="Perkins & Balfour-Browne" authorityYear="1994" box="[269,417,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Parasthetops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FEEFF8F8B89DF8F3" box="[269,417,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Parasthetops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not known in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FD8EF8F8BBEAF8F3" box="[620,726,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FD8EF8F8BBEAF8F3" box="[620,726,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336ADE3CFFF58FF25F825B84EFF7D" blockId="200.[151,1437,1524,2018]" lastBlockId="201.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="201" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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Members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CFFF59FEB4F825B8FCF81C" box="[342,448,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CFFF59FEB4F825B8FCF81C" box="[342,448,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Sicilicula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are almost always collected in hygropetric microhabitats, such as seeps over rocks next to waterfalls, or rockpools near streams, waterfalls or seeps (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="13172A28E3CFFF59FC91F800BD2BF838" box="[883,1047,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURES 342 – 343. 342" captionStartId="260.[151,264,1626,1649]" captionTargetBox="[290,1297,193,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@260.[290,1297,193,1605]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURES 342 – 343. 342. Author collecting specimens of Sicilicula hygropetrica from a small rock pool being filled by a seep, adjacent to waterfall. 343. Ranomafana National Park, Setam Lodge sign with " artificial " hygropetric areas on stones; arrow indicates rock where seven specimens of Sicilicula n. sp. were collected (all females!). Photos. by Johannes Bergsten (342) and author (343)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1041200/files/figure.png" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Figs. 342–343</figureCitation>
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. Most records are from the
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<collectingRegion id="49E8F84FE3CFFF59FAA8F800BCA0F83B" box="[1354,1436,1957,1982]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Central" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Central</collectingRegion>
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<collectingRegion id="49E8F84FE3CFFF59FF75F86CB831F867" box="[151,269,1993,2018]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western Highlands" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Highlands</collectingRegion>
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, at elevations ranging from
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<quantity id="4CD49B48E3CFFF59FDA8F86CBBA3F864" box="[586,671,1993,2018]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="1055.0">1055 m</quantity>
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to
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<quantity id="4CD49B48E3CFFF59FD27F86CBA22F864" box="[709,798,1993,2018]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.055" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="2055.0">2055 m</quantity>
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. All species are very similar in color: black dorsally and ventrally, legs and maxillary palpi dark brown. Two species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CEFF58FCDEFF3DBAB1FF35" box="[828,909,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teres">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CEFF58FCDEFF3DBAB1FF35" box="[828,909,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">S. teres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2EE3CEFF58FC21FF3CBD63FF35" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="2017" box="[963,1119,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Sicilicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexplanata">
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<emphasis id="B958EABFE3CEFF58FC21FF3CBD63FF35" box="[963,1119,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">H. sexplanata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are brachypterous, the other species have regular sized wings. In general, the pronotum of females is slightly more strongly cordiform than the pronotum of males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |