205 lines
21 KiB
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205 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="E1D5633A57F0027C82108B90994251BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="3976" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5dc17a27-e095-4dc8-b10d-09fc935dbf45" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560580" ID-ZooBank="F9647501-7F6B-4286-AEEE-19B620F697ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633934480407" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soares, Matheus M. M., Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly" docDate="2021" docId="0384CB1BA449C96796892E2BFD66FB7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5049.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5049 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Syneches ruficollis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFBDB363A472C95C961E2F45FFF7FFD5" masterDocTitle="Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1699459431163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="410BBB044026098DDA53452A853AEC65">
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<mods:title id="8B4727B0086D4EDBEEEEB5D7A6F3BBBD">Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20879DCC3C6DDCD16C368978DD8C7D9F">Soares, Matheus M. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="42453EC5E77BAB5ED988224D3DE270A7" type="email">matheusmmsoares@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7CC6516ABA94E40637036C6FE64A79E3">Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5229ED72CB00FB06F2778F4B4E0C1823" type="email">rpfreitas.silva@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B6393829F750E6B7023CA028D0D802BA">Ale-Rocha, Rosaly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D16BE1772FBFC759DA3A6DEC2B9B8D7" type="email">alerocha@inpa.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5E29E230BAC12741C3F2EDDC9762F19D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D5764046B97861270CA08B215FD70FA8">
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<mods:date id="FBB7E1BA55714274B1805C8858126C0F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63506C1DECC9F24E9B85C1C585282048">2021-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="263B78545C450C9FCF401DF610798C05" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="34AB8981C1C11094EEBE470720419D40">5049</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="7171317A5E7D340609B8C8844C00048F">84</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="7AC91C8FF8CED687A564AB82705BE0E4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="0384CB1BA449C96796892E2BFD66FB7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5579523" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189091557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5579523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA449C96796892E2BFD66FB7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384CB1BA449C96796892E2BFD66FB7F" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A449C96796892E2BFD0EFE5C" box="[151,761,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892E2BFD0EFE5C" blockId="59.[151,761,366,393]" box="[151,761,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0DACD61A449C96796892E2BFD0EFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,761,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796892E2BFD0EFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,761,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96796892E2BFDCDFE5D" ID-CoL="53VRV" authority="(Walker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,570,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796892E2BFE8BFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,380,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Syneches ruficollis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C96797952E2BFDC5FE5D" author="Walker, F." box="[395,562,366,392]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 474" refId="ref53437" refString="Walker, F. (1852) Diptera. In: Saunders W. W. (Ed.), Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of W. W. Saunders. John Van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 474." type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C967945C2E2AFD0EFE5C" bold="true" box="[578,761,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A449C96796892EF6FC11FD90" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892EF6FDF6FE1E" blockId="59.[151,1436,434,520]" box="[151,513,434,459]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A449C96796892EF6FDF6FE1E" box="[151,513,434,459]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA449C96796892EF6FE0AFE1E" author="Walker, F." box="[151,509,434,459]" page="206" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96796892EF6FE0AFE1E" ID-CoL="8GS2W" authority="Walker, 1852: 206" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="206" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,509,434,459]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796892EF6FECDFE1E" box="[151,314,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hybos ruficollis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C967975E2EF6FE0AFE1E" author="Walker, F." box="[320,509,434,459]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 474" refId="ref53437" refString="Walker, F. (1852) Diptera. In: Saunders W. W. (Ed.), Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of W. W. Saunders. John Van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 474." type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker, 1852: 206</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892E94FE28FDDD" blockId="59.[151,1436,434,520]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A449C96796892E94FE28FDDD" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA449C96796892E94FDFAFE3C" author="Bezzi, M." box="[151,525,465,489]" page="314" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96796892E94FDFAFE3C" ID-CoL="53VRV" authority=": Bezzi, 1909: 314" authorityName=": Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="314" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,525,465,489]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796892E94FEA1FE3C" box="[151,342,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Syneches ruficollis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C967977C2E94FDFAFE3C" author="Bezzi, M." box="[354,525,465,489]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="297 - 406" refId="ref51642" refString="Bezzi, M. (1909) Beitraege zur Kenntniss der sudamerikanischen Dipterenfauna aug Grund der Sammelergebnisse einer Reise in Chile, Peru und Bolivia, ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1902 - 1904 von W. Schnuse. Fam. Empididae. Nova Acta Leopolino Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum, 91, 297 - 406." type="journal article" year="1909">Bezzi, 1909: 314</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA449C967944B2E94FD0EFE3C" author="Collin, J. E." box="[597,761,465,489]" page="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1933">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C967944B2E94FD0EFE3C" author="Collin, J. E." box="[597,761,465,489]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref51831" refString="Collin, J. E. (1933) Empididae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, 4, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1933">Collin, 1933: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cit.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA449C96795222E94FC1DFE3C" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[828,1002,465,489]" page="212" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1962">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C96795222E94FC1DFE3C" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[828,1002,465,489]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="195 - 266" refId="ref52922" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (1962) Studies on the Brazilian Empididae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 114 (7), 195 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1962. tb 01079. x" type="journal article" year="1962">Smith, 1962: 212</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cit.); 1967: 9 (cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA449C96792A12E97FA6BFE3C" author="Yang, D. & Yao, G. & Zhang, K. & Zhang, J." box="[1215,1436,465,490]" page="307" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C96792A12E97FA6BFE3C" author="Yang, D. & Yao, G. & Zhang, K. & Zhang, J." box="[1215,1436,465,490]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref53740" refString="Yang, D., Yao, G., Zhang, K. & Zhang, J. (2007) World catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, 704 pp." type="book" year="2007">
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Yang
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96792E72E97FAD2FE3C" box="[1273,1317,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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., 2007: 307
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.).
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<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA449C96797162EB5FECDFDDD" box="[264,314,496,520]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA449C96797842EB5FE2CFDDD" box="[410,475,496,520]" name="Brazil" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892D6BFC11FD90" blockId="59.[151,998,557,581]" box="[151,998,557,581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796892D6BFC11FD90" box="[151,998,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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“
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<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA449C96796802D6BFF29FD90" box="[158,222,558,581]" name="Niger" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Niger</collectingCountry>
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, thorace luteo, antennis flavis, pedibus fulvis, alis limpidis apice subfuscis.”
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A449C96796892D31FE68FC94" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892D31FD48FD2F" blockId="59.[151,1437,627,1194]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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“
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796BA2D36FED4FD58" box="[164,291,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Head black</emphasis>
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: eyes red; facets very large: sucker tawny: feelers yellow:
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96795B62D36FBCFFD58" box="[936,1080,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">chest luteous</emphasis>
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: abdomen black, shining, thinly clothed with hoary hairs: legs tawny, clothed with pale yellow hairs: feet dark tawny: wings nearly colourless, pale brown at the tips; a spindle-shaped dark brown spot near the tip of the fore border; wing-ribs tawny; veins black, tawny at the base; poisers tawny” (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C96794032D9AFD45FD2F" author="Walker, F." box="[541,690,735,762]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 474" refId="ref53437" refString="Walker, F. (1852) Diptera. In: Saunders W. W. (Ed.), Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of W. W. Saunders. John Van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 474." type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker 1852</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892C46FD2EFCC8" blockId="59.[151,1437,627,1194]" box="[151,729,771,800]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">“Length of the body 1 ½ line; of the wings 4 lines.”</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796892C62FE68FC94" blockId="59.[151,1437,627,1194]" box="[151,415,807,833]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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“Type-locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA449C96797592C62FE66FC94" box="[327,401,807,833]" name="Brazil" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A449C96796D92C09FD66FB7F" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA449C96796D92C09FD66FB7F" blockId="59.[151,1437,627,1194]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796D92C09FECCFCB3" bold="true" box="[199,315,844,870]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C967975D2C0EFDE1FCB0" authorityName=": Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[323,534,843,869]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C967975D2C0EFDE1FCB0" box="[323,534,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Syneches ruficollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described based on a single female from
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<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA449C96792002C0EFB91FCB0" box="[1054,1126,843,869]" name="Brazil" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA449C967926F2C0EFAF1FCB3" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[1137,1286,843,870]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="195 - 266" refId="ref52922" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (1962) Studies on the Brazilian Empididae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 114 (7), 195 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1962. tb 01079. x" type="journal article" year="1962">Smith (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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reported that the
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<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA449C96796DE2C2AFED5FC5C" box="[192,290,879,905]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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could not be found in the Natural History Museum (NHMUK) and that it was possibly lost. According to the original description, the species has the following set of relevant characters: antenna yellow, thorax brownish yellow, legs yellow covered with concolorous bristles, all tarsus or some of them dark brown, abdomen black and wing hyaline with pterostigma spindle-shaped (= oval). Some of these characters are common in many Brazilian species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96796E92B45FE81FBCF" authority="Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[247,374,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96796E92B45FEF2FBCF" box="[247,261,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">S</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C967970C2B45FE81FBCF" box="[274,374,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96797632B45FE21FBCF" bold="true" box="[381,470,1024,1050]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A449C96797632B45FE21FBCF" box="[381,470,1024,1050]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96794122B45FD26FBCC" authority="Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[524,721,1023,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviscutellatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96794122B45FDEDFBCF" box="[524,538,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">S</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96794392CBAFD26FBCC" box="[551,721,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">flaviscutellatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96794C62B45FCC6FBCF" bold="true" box="[728,817,1024,1050]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A449C96794C62B45FCC6FBCF" box="[728,817,1024,1050]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(antenna and legs mostly yellow, but both species have a distinct color pattern on the thorax and the wing mostly brown),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96795672B61FC05FBE8" authority="Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[889,1010,1059,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinclairi" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96795672B61FC70FBEB" box="[889,903,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">S</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C967958B2B66FC05FBE8" box="[917,1010,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">sinclairi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96795E72B61FBA5FBEB" bold="true" box="[1017,1106,1060,1086]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A449C96795E72B61FBA5FBEB" box="[1017,1106,1060,1086]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(but the female has an inconspicuous pterostigma and all the tarsi yellow) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96794D32B0DFCA9FBB4" box="[717,862,1095,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebricus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96794D32B0DFD2CFBB7" box="[717,731,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">S</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96794F72B02FCA9FBB4" box="[745,862,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">tenebricus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(but all tarsi are yellow and the wing is brownish). Thus, without analyzing the
|
|
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA449C96797C82B2EFDCCFB50" box="[470,571,1131,1157]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
, it is impossible to correctly associate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA449C96795F62B29FB9FFB50" authorityName=": Bezzi" authorityYear="1909" box="[1000,1128,1131,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96795F62B29FB9FFB50" box="[1000,1128,1131,1158]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">S. ruficollis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with any Brazilian species, hence we treat this name as a
|
|
<emphasis id="B959A61FA449C96797FB2BD5FD7DFB7C" box="[485,650,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |