541 lines
70 KiB
XML
541 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="1DB09B13356C94A3DE94DB95A106DB99" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.629.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254755" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1701682507275" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela, Verloove, Filip, Klopper, Ronell R. & Silva, Vasco" docDate="2023" docId="B5213461455AFFD999A8F972FC3F0BD8" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.629.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 629 (1)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.629.1.3/51327" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.11:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="11" docTitle="Aloe arborescens Miller 1768" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="49184C19455BFFDA9920FFAEFFF30C3C" masterDocTitle="An annotated catalogue of Aloe and Aloiampelos (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) naturalised and escaped in continental Portugal" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1701715323976" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1985A34232A246581BD754860CEDDB78">
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<mods:title id="9E7B0D04CD62DC1B8992189FA36BA402">An annotated catalogue of Aloe and Aloiampelos (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) naturalised and escaped in continental Portugal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="79179D89C24A9A6C282E8A63A3DD0A13" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="16E5BFEDD4194DF3DE37284FA230CE43">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="15FA50A96FC9CE12FDA0233C4F683429">Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F02EFC909C7F40682BB26229949927C2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5417-9208</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E103EB6EDEF80ACB27AC48735B663A0D">Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa. & smithgideon 1 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5417 - 9208</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D9A72FCBB82A8A21D7851E4E1E38AC0" type="email">smithgideon1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="259C6D6CF5789D22BC6A76F6589077D7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D26FFF9CF7A9B51F1638A25B87170809">
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<mods:roleTerm id="268B6EFC85E0A07D152C8E711A223FEC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2B46DE6BDE1B14A368F3CC9067030EC0">Figueiredo, Estrela</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF67A89EFE2EBA86A18E4B57A3F56510" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8511-8213</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D54695D2D8D52429D0406C67CE2B54B4">Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa. & epnfigueiredo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8511 - 8213</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="036E59D8E375E6A96E7F9D32B906CEDE" type="email">epnfigueiredo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="96DD9EC58C10BF2E7B4F71CD0C17B23C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="03067F098BC1EF46A9BC335B4307FEB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="749B506949335F6B9B46A8F5F59EDD83">Verloove, Filip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="600D4AB2BA42F8120F12A769CF113A91" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4144-2422</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE862F81714D40A54C69E99949AABD28">Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium. & filip. verloove @ plantentuinmeise. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4144 - 2422</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AD8C1D9E11F7C7A77284892E59893E8" type="email">filip.verloove@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3DFC925DFB7FA6F25797C6F739361393" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="71AFEEA4B5D319259F98055B55EBF9B5">Klopper, Ronell R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="87ABD4F89F2DDFD9B24EE25E1C7661D7">Foundational Biodiversity Science Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa. & H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="FC1F0A5E8FFF547D9C5F6E1F640A1F21">Silva, Vasco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED904055864F2553E5F4530E37C2EEE0">Centre for Applied Ecology Prof. Baeta Neves, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349 - 017 Lisbon, Portugal. & Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829 - 511 Caparica, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6D744F0C31958F768DDAE2B7C22B04ED">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D3FD7D1DC574C370126066F56E75F075">
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<mods:date id="386F936A9C75CD4F5C48B47FCCCB8463">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6F1AE00B5765E9D4CFBF769471750265">2023-12-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5657530E53C4C5DC85C22AB35BF6DCD2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E9A2D22079A66570100C3607477A9A71">629</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="8302B4EDCDB5A7628D595FEC41A5E8BA">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="507817EF51CAE8EE8BAF3547006443BC">35</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8D21F52FE5136BA888677CC9C6B6213A">52</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="12BF0B81F88674EC5563193C98F7482B">https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.629.1.3/51327</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="307587C85B6E4A798559FE3FC55ADC96">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="67488F38104B0B3CD5353467308275DE" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.629.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F5386B3CE642A7D3A6577BB65B3B0E2" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A06466F8B634886905695D8CED838944" type="Zenodo-Dep">10254755</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B5213461455AFFD999A8F972FC3F0BD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5213461455AFFD999A8F972FC3F0BD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5213461455AFFD999A8F972FC3F0BD8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="7592D6FC455AFFDB99A8F972FB630ACA" box="[136,1168,1756,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="3D378577455AFFDB99A8F972FB630ACA" blockId="1.[136,1452,1756,1890]" box="[136,1168,1756,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="667F321B455AFFDB99A8F972FB630ACA" box="[136,1168,1756,1783]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
|
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1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF4455AFFDB9984F972FE440ACA" ID-CoL="C3DN" authority="Miller" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[164,439,1756,1783]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9984F972FE990ACB" bold="true" box="[164,362,1756,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F886455AFFDB9851F972FDF70ACA" author="Miller" box="[369,516,1756,1782]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refId="ref11909" refString="Miller, P. (1768) Gardeners dictionary, edn 8. Printed for the author, and sold by John and Francis Rivington, [...] and T. Payne, London, pp. not conventionally numbered. [see for Aloe brevifolia Mill. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 394481 # page / 1366 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 541" type="url" year="1768">Miller (1768</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: first page headed “ALO-ALO”, species # 3) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F2455AFFDB9D2CF972FB770ACA" box="[1036,1156,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,413,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[151,1436,386,1803]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aloe arborescens in Portugal. A. Cultivated in beds next to the Estufa Fria, Lisbon. Photograph taken on 30 December 2013. B. Cultivated near the old town centre of Coimbra, en route to the University of Coimbra. Photograph taken on 8 January 2018. C. Cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto. Photograph taken on 22 December 2017 (see Smith & Figueiredo 2014). D. Escaped into natural vegetation at Nazaré, Estremadura (see Smith & Figueiredo 2009). Photograph taken on 4 October 2008. E. Naturalised at Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro, along the Alentejo Litoral coast, near Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017. F. Naturalised at Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017.All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254757/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC455AFFDB99A8F8AAFDDB0B26" box="[136,552,1796,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="3D378577455AFFDB99A8F8AAFDDB0B26" blockId="1.[136,1452,1756,1890]" box="[136,552,1796,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB99A8F8AAFE870B25" bold="true" box="[136,372,1796,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Locally used synonyms</emphasis>
|
||
:—None recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC455AFFDB99A8F889FE1A0B5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D378577455AFFDB99A8F889FE1A0B5D" blockId="1.[136,1452,1756,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB99A8F889FECC0B01" bold="true" box="[136,319,1831,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Common name(s)</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB987DF886FE390B01" box="[349,458,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Portuguese</emphasis>
|
||
: aloé, aloé-candelabro, babosa, foguetes-de-natal, vela (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F886455AFFDB9ACBF886FB540B01" author="Guemes" box="[1003,1191,1832,1853]" firstAuthor="Guemes" page="312" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="308 - 314" refId="ref10660" refString="Guemes, J. (2013) Aloe L. In: E. Rico, M. B. Crespo, A. Quintanar, A. Herrero & C. Aedo (Eds.) Flora iberica 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 308 - 314. Available from: http: // www. floraiberica. es / floraiberica / texto / pdfs / 20 _ 183 _ 32 _ Aloe. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book chapter" year="2013">Güemes 2013: 312</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9D98F886FAF20B01" box="[1208,1281,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">English</emphasis>
|
||
: candelabra aloe, krantz aloe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F886455AFFDB9814F8E2FE2D0B5D" author="Grace" box="[308,478,1868,1889]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Grace" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refId="ref10501" refString="Grace, O. M., Klopper, R. R., Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2011) The aloe names book. Strelitzia 29. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 232 pp. Available from: http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 270 (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Grace
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9855F8E2FE6C0B5D" box="[373,415,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC455AFFD899A8F83EFD570D50" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D378577455AFFD899A8F83EFD570D50" blockId="1.[136,1451,1936,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,365]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB99A8F83EFEE10B96" bold="true" box="[136,274,1936,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
|
||
:—Shrub,
|
||
<quantity id="FA702892455AFFDB98A6F83EFE060B97" box="[390,501,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall, much-branched.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9BC5F83EFCD50B96" box="[741,806,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Stems</emphasis>
|
||
erect to slanted sideways, upper parts clothed in persistent dried leaves.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9803F81BFE820BF2" box="[291,369,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
densely rosulate at branch apices, spreading-recurved,
|
||
<quantity id="FA702892455AFFDB9AD3F81AFB960BF3" box="[1011,1125,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="FA702892455AFFDB9D93F81AFAFA0BF3" box="[1203,1289,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base, lanceolate-attenuate, dull green to grey-green, distinctly tinged reddish in dry conditions, lacking whitish maculations, texture smooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB981BF853FE78042A" box="[315,395,2045,2070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">margin</emphasis>
|
||
whitish, not horny;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9B46F852FCF4042A" box="[614,775,2044,2070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">marginal teeth</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FA702892455AFFDB9A2DF852FC85042B" box="[781,886,2044,2071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart at mid-leaf,
|
||
<quantity id="FA702892455AFFDB9D1EF852FB6A042B" box="[1086,1177,2044,2071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, firm, pale;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC5965455AFFDB9C74F852FA58042A" box="[1364,1451,2044,2070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">exudate</emphasis>
|
||
pale yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD8983CFF30FE410C84" box="[284,434,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
0.6–1.0 m long, erect, usually simple, occasionally with 1 or 2 short branches.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89C73FF31FA5F0C84" box="[1363,1452,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Raceme</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD899A8FF6CFF0B0CE1" box="[136,248,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, conical to conical-cylindric, dense-flowered.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89A60FF6CFC260CE0" box="[832,981,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Floral bracts</emphasis>
|
||
15–20 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD89D63FF6CFB330CE1" box="[1091,1216,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89DEBFF6CFAD90CE0" box="[1227,1322,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Pedicels</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD89C12FF6CFA5F0CE1" box="[1330,1452,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
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long.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899E9FF48FED60D3C" box="[201,293,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89815FF48FE670D3C" box="[309,404,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">perianth</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD898BCFF48FDE50D3D" box="[412,534,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD89B7FFF49FD520D3D" box="[607,673,231,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
across ovary, of ± even diameter throughout, very slightly narrowed above ovary, widening to middle, narrowing slightly towards mouth, apices flared, cylindric-trigonous, bright orange to scarlet, dark green-tipped in bud, often turning pinkish at anthesis;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89A80FE81FBB90D74" box="[928,1098,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">outer segments</emphasis>
|
||
free to base;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89DC5FE81FACC0D74" box="[1253,1343,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">stamens</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89C58FE80FA580D74" box="[1400,1451,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">style</emphasis>
|
||
exserted to
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD89829FEFCFEBE0D51" box="[265,333,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89878FEFCFE470D50" box="[344,436,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Capsule</emphasis>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924559FFD898F1FEFCFDFB0D51" box="[465,520,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, oblong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="69F7D5FF4559FFD899A8F888FB6B0BCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254757/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" startId="2.[136,229,1830,1852]" targetBox="[175,1417,413,1780]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774559FFD899A8F888FB6B0BCC" blockId="2.[136,1452,1830,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899A8F888FEF20B07" bold="true" box="[136,257,1830,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44559FFD89829F888FE410B07" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[265,434,1830,1851]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89829F888FE410B07" box="[265,434,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Portugal.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD89B16F888FDBD0B07" bold="true" box="[566,590,1830,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Cultivated in beds next to the Estufa Fria, Lisbon. Photograph taken on 30 December 2013.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899E5F8E5FF2F0B5C" bold="true" box="[197,220,1867,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Cultivated near the old town centre of Coimbra, en route to the University of Coimbra. Photograph taken on 8 January 2018.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899A8F8C0FF530BB8" bold="true" box="[136,160,1902,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto. Photograph taken on 22 December 2017 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864559FFD89DC6F8C0FF4F0B94" author="Smith & Figueiredo" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="99 - 105" refId="ref13435" refString="Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2014) The succulent garden of the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto, Portugal. Cactus & Succulent Journal (U. S.) 86: 99 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 015.086.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Smith & Figueiredo 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899EDF83DFF170B94" bold="true" box="[205,228,1939,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Escaped into natural vegetation at Nazaré, Estremadura (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864559FFD89A15F83CFBC20B94" author="Smith & Figueiredo" box="[821,1073,1938,1960]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="165 - 167" refId="ref13386" refString="Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2009) Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) is spreading in Portugal. Bradleya 27: 165 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 27.2009. a 4" type="journal article" year="2009">Smith & Figueiredo 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Photograph taken on 4 October 2008.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899A8F819FF6D0BF0" bold="true" box="[136,158,1975,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Naturalised at Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro, along the Alentejo Litoral coast, near Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654559FFD899A8F875FF690BCC" bold="true" box="[136,154,2011,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Naturalised at Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017. All photographs by Gideon F. Smith.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4558FFD9999DFF33FB940D3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFF33FC600C84" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" box="[189,915,157,184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFF33FE800C8B" bold="true" box="[189,371,157,183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Flowering time</emphasis>
|
||
:—(November–)December–January(–February).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFF6FFC160CE0" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" box="[189,997,193,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFF6FFEEA0CE7" bold="true" box="[189,281,193,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
:—Mostly on coastal rocky slopes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99B86FF6CFC2B0CE0" author="Franco & Afonso" box="[678,984,194,220]" firstAuthor="Franco" page="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="45 - 46" refId="ref9847" refString="Franco, J. A. & Afonso, M. L. R. (1994) Liliaceae. 8. Aloe L. In: Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Acores) Alismataceae - Iridaceae 3,1. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp. 45 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1994">Franco & Afonso 1994: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFF4BFB940D3C" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" box="[189,1127,229,256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFF4BFCB30D3C" bold="true" box="[189,832,229,256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
First mention of the species as naturalised in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99BF8FF48FCB30D3C" box="[728,832,230,256]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—1980 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99A8AFF48FBAA0D3C" author="Webb" box="[938,1113,230,256]" firstAuthor="Webb" page="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref14641" refString="Webb, D. A. (1980) Aloe L. In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea - Alismataceae to Orchidaceae. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19 - 21." type="book" year="1980">Webb 1980: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4558FFD9999DFEA7FF120800" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFEA7FB880DAC" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFEA7FE570D18" bold="true" box="[189,420,265,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Localities recorded</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD998E4FEA4FCF80D18" author="Franco & Afonso" box="[452,779,266,292]" firstAuthor="Franco" page="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="45 - 46" refId="ref9847" refString="Franco, J. A. & Afonso, M. L. R. (1994) Liliaceae. 8. Aloe L. In: Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Acores) Alismataceae - Iridaceae 3,1. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp. 45 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1994">Franco & Afonso (1994: 46)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it for “CW. olissip., CS.arrab.”, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99C39FEA4FF480D75" author="Pedro" firstAuthor="Pedro" page="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref12251" refString="Pedro, J. G. (1991) Vegetacao e flora da Arrabida. Coleccao Natureza e Paisagem 10. Servico Nacional de Parques, Reservas e Conservacao da Natureza, Lisboa, 131 pp." type="book" year="1991">Pedro (1991: 105)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it for Arrábida, i.e., in the centre, in the Lisbon area.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99AB6FE80FB720D74" author="Guemes" box="[918,1153,302,328]" firstAuthor="Guemes" page="312" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="308 - 314" refId="ref10660" refString="Guemes, J. (2013) Aloe L. In: E. Rico, M. B. Crespo, A. Quintanar, A. Herrero & C. Aedo (Eds.) Flora iberica 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 308 - 314. Available from: http: // www. floraiberica. es / floraiberica / texto / pdfs / 20 _ 183 _ 32 _ Aloe. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book chapter" year="2013">Güemes (2013: 312)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it for E and Ag. Presently the distribution is extended to: DL, BL (for example at Nazaré), E (for example at Cascais, Oeiras, Lisbon, and Arrábida), BAl (for example at Praia da Ilha do Pessegueiro and Porto Covo), and Ag.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFE37FEB40E78" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFE37FE160D8F" bold="true" box="[189,485,409,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Country / region of origin</emphasis>
|
||
:—Southern Africa, from the Cape Peninsula (where it has arguably become naturalised), along the south and east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD998D5FE10FD760DE4" box="[501,645,446,472]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, somewhat inland through the provinces of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99D49FE10FAF50DE4" box="[1129,1286,446,472]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99C31FE10FA540DE4" box="[1297,1447,446,472]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99998FE4CFE980DC0" box="[184,363,482,508]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and in the interior of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99B47FE4CFD080DC0" box="[615,763,482,508]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99A13FE4CFC6E0DC0" box="[819,925,482,508]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, just entering the eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99D9DFE4CFAC20DC0" box="[1213,1329,482,508]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Free State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, as well as further north, in south-tropical Africa, to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99B75FDA8FD1A0E1C" box="[597,745,518,544]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the eastern mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99D19FDA8FB420E1C" box="[1081,1201,518,544]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99DC7FDA8FACE0E1C" box="[1255,1341,518,544]" name="Malawi" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99C6BFDA8FF140E78" author="Smith, G. F. & Klopper, R. R. & Crouch, N. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="189 - 198" refId="ref13981" refString="Smith, G. F., Klopper, R. R. & Crouch, N. R. (2008) Aloe arborescens (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) and CITES. Haseltonia 14: 189 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 1070 - 0048 - 14.1.189" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99CB7FDA9FF6D0E78" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD999D2FD84FECF0E78" author="Smith, G. F. & Klopper, R. R. & Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R." box="[242,316,554,580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref14035" refString="Smith, G. F., Klopper, R. R., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R. (2012 a) Aspects of the taxonomy of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). Bradleya 30: 127 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 30.2012. a 15" type="journal article" year="2012">2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFDE3FCCB0FB4" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFDE3FDC20E54" bold="true" box="[189,561,589,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Secondary distribution range</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99B75FDE0FCD10E54" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[597,802,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99B75FDE0FCD10E54" box="[597,802,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sparingly naturalised worldwide in areas with a Mediterranean climate. It is reportedly known from the western Mediterranean area:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99D40FDDCFB5F0EB0" box="[1120,1196,626,652]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rivièra and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99C6EFDDCFA540EB0" box="[1358,1447,626,652]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD999A8FD38FE440E8C" author="Tison & de Foucault" box="[136,439,662,688]" firstAuthor="Tison" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="299 - 301" refId="ref14566" refString="Tison, J. - M. & de Foucault, B. (2014) Xanthorrhoeaceae. Flora Gallica. Flore de France. Biotope Editions, Meze, pp. 299 - 301, whole work 1195 pp." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tison & de Foucault 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD998ECFD38FDFF0E8C" box="[460,524,662,688]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(for example
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99B8EFD38FC350E8C" author="Guillot Ortiz" box="[686,966,662,688]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Guillot Ortiz" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref10880" refString="Guillot Ortiz, D., Laguna Lumbreras, E. & Rossello Picornell, J. A. (2008) La familia Aloaceae en la flora aloctona valenciana. Bouteloua 6: 1 - 58. Available from: http: // www. floramontiberica. org / Bouteloua / MonogBouteloua _ 06 _ Aloaceae. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Guillot Ortiz
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99A68FD39FC880E8C" box="[840,891,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99AF1FD38FB2D0E8C" author="Aymerich & Saez" box="[977,1246,662,688]" firstAuthor="Aymerich" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="215 - 242" refId="ref8816" refString="Aymerich, P. & Saez, L. (2019) Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain). Mediterranean Botany 40 (2): 215 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.5209 / mbot. 63608" type="journal article" year="2019">Aymerich & Sáez 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99DD3FD38FAAB0E8C" box="[1267,1368,662,688]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99C48FD38FF370EE8" author="Lamb" firstAuthor="Lamb" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="267 - 272" refId="ref11505" refString="Lamb, B. M. (1996) The genus Aloe (L.) in Gibraltar. Almoraima 15: 267 - 272." type="journal article" year="1996">Lamb 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD999FBFD14FEFD0EE8" box="[219,270,698,724]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(naturalised only in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99B23FD14FD9D0EE8" box="[515,622,698,724]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sardegna</collectingRegion>
|
||
, casual elsewhere;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99A70FD14FBC00EE8" author="Galasso, G. & Conti, F. & Peruzzi, L. & Ardenghi, N. M. G. & Roma-Marzio, F. & Rosati, L. & Santangelo, A. & Scoppola, A. & Scortegagna, S. & Selvaggi, A. & Selvi, F. & Soldano, A. & Stinca, A. & Wagensommer, R. P. & Wilhalm, T. & Bartolucci, F." box="[848,1075,698,724]" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biosystems" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="556 - 592" part="152" refId="ref10101" refString="Galasso, G., Conti, F., Peruzzi, L., Ardenghi, N. M. G., Banfi, E., Celesti-Grapow, L., Albano, A., Alessandrini, A., Bacchetta, G., Ballelli, S., Bandini Mazzanti, M., Barberis, G., Bernardo, L., Blasi, C., Bouvet, D., Bovio, M., Cecchi, L., Del Guacchio, E., Domina, G., Fascetti, S., Gallo, L., Gubellini, L., Guiggi, A., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Jimenez-Mejias, P., Lattanzi, E., Marchetti, D., Martinetto, E., Masin, R. R., Medagli, P., Passalacqua, N. G., Peccenini, S., Pennesi, R., Pierini, B., Podda, L., Poldini, L., Prosser, F., Raimondo, F. M., Roma-Marzio, F., Rosati, L., Santangelo, A., Scoppola, A., Scortegagna, S., Selvaggi, A., Selvi, F., Soldano, A., Stinca, A., Wagensommer, R. P., Wilhalm, T. & Bartolucci, F. (2018) An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant Biosystems 152 (3): 556 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2018.1441197" title="An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Galasso
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99A93FD15FC140EE8" box="[947,999,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99D62FD14FAD30EE8" author="Pavone" box="[1090,1312,698,724]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pavone" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="489 - 493" refId="ref12199" refString="Pavone, P., Raimondo, F. M. & Spadaro, V. (2022) New Aloes casual aliens in Sicily. Flora Mediterranea 31 (Special Issue): 489 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.7320 / FlMedit 31 SI. 489" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pavone
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99DBFFD15FB200EE8" box="[1183,1235,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99C4AFD14FA580EE8" box="[1386,1451,698,724]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD999AFFD70FED60EC4" author="Mifsud" box="[143,293,734,760]" firstAuthor="Mifsud" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref11882" refString="Mifsud, S. (2022) Malta wild plants. Available online at: https: // maltawildplants. com (accessed November 2022)." type="url" year="2022">Mifsud 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is furthermore naturalised in the Canary Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99A49FD70FB420EC4" author="Dobignard & Chatelain" box="[873,1201,734,760]" firstAuthor="Dobignard" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref9389" refString="Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2010 [avril]) Aloaceae. Aloe L. In: A. Dobignard & C. Chatelain, Index Synonymique de la Flore d'Afrique du Nord. Vol. 1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. [Un inventaire critique et bibliographique de la Flore vasculaire d'Afrique du Nord. Publication hors-serie no 11]. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Geneve, p. 73 [of 455 pp.]" type="book" year="2010">Dobignard & Chatelain 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; elsewhere in northern Africa, it is probably merely cultivated or ephemeral). It is also naturalised on the eastern coast of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99DDDFCACFA970F20" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1277,1380,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Australia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Australia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99C55FCACFEEA0F7C" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99806FC88FE5E0F7C" box="[294,429,806,832]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD998CBFC88FDBA0F7C" box="[491,585,806,832]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99B76FC88FD020F7C" author="Randall" box="[598,753,806,832]" firstAuthor="Randall" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref12359" refString="Randall, R. P. (2007 [September]) The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia [Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia.], 524 pp. Available from: https: // www. aabr. org. au / images / stories / resources / weeds / intro _ flora _ australia. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="2007">Randall 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99BDEFC88FBE80F7C" author="Weeds of Australia" box="[766,1051,806,832]" firstAuthor="Weeds of Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref14723" refString="Weeds of Australia (2023) Aloe arborescens Mill. Available from: https: // keyserver. lucidcentral. org / weeds / data / media / Html / aloe _ arborescens. htm (accessed 31 January 2023)." type="url" year="2023">
|
||
Weeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99A50FC88FC240F7C" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[880,983,806,832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Australia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Australia</taxonomicName>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99D11FC88FB3A0F7C" box="[1073,1225,806,832]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99DF9FC88FF370F58" author="Schonberger" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schonberger" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref13080" refString="Schonberger, I., Wilton, A. D., Boardman, K. F., Breitwieser, I., De Lange, P. J., De Pauw, B., Ford, K. A., Gibb, E. S., Glenny, D. S., Greer, P. A., Heenan, P. B., Korver, M. A., Maule, H. G., Novis, P. M., Prebble, J. M., Smissen, R. D. & Tawiri, K. (2021) Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, 412 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.26065 / ax 7 t- 8 y 85" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Schönberger
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99C51FC89FA560F7C" box="[1393,1445,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD999F7FCE4FEBA0F58" box="[215,329,842,868]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD998B3FCE4FE110F58" box="[403,482,842,868]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD998CEFCE4FDC20F58" box="[494,561,842,868]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99B1BFCE4FD390F58" box="[571,714,842,868]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99A0CFCE4FC1A0F58" box="[812,1001,842,868]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In some areas of its secondary range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99CB3FCE4FEE30FB4" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99CB3FCE4FEE30FB4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be a minor environmental weed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFC3CFF120800" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The origin of most of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD998CFFC3CFD6A0F90" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[495,665,914,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD998CFFC3CFD6A0F90" box="[495,665,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants now grown in the northern hemisphere, is likely from plants cultivated at the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99860FC18FE890FEC" box="[320,378,950,976]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Good Hope (now in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99B88FC18FC5D0FEC" box="[680,942,950,976]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99AF1FC18FB920FEC" box="[977,1121,950,976]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in the 17
|
||
<superScript id="CAFD283F4558FFD99DEFFC1BFB2F0FFF" attach="left" box="[1231,1244,949,963]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">th</superScript>
|
||
and 18
|
||
<superScript id="CAFD283F4558FFD99C0CFC1BFACA0FFF" attach="left" box="[1324,1337,949,963]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">th</superScript>
|
||
centuries. Using leaf exudate chemistry,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD998F6FC74FCF40FC8" author="Reynolds & Herring" box="[470,775,986,1012]" firstAuthor="Reynolds" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="77 - 79" refId="ref12755" refString="Reynolds, T. & Herring, C. (1991) Chromatographic evidence of the geographical origin of Aloe arborescens introduced into Gibraltar. British Cactus and Succulent Journal 9 (3): 77 - 79. Available from: https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 42793872" type="journal article" year="1991">Reynolds & Herring (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proved that the origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99D3DFC74FB300FC8" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[1053,1219,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99D3DFC74FB300FC8" box="[1053,1219,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99C66FC74FA580FC8" box="[1350,1451,986,1012]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
is indeed from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99845FC50FDF50824" box="[357,518,1022,1048]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99B34FC50FD5B0824" box="[532,680,1022,1048]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and not from further north in the natural distribution range of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4558FFD9999DFBEBFC3F0BD8" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFBEBFDB1085C" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" box="[189,578,1093,1120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFBEBFE66085C" bold="true" box="[189,405,1093,1120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Status in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD9980DFBE8FE66085C" box="[301,405,1094,1120]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—Naturalised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFBC7FD260895" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFBC7FECC08BF" bold="true" box="[189,319,1129,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">References</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99840FBC4FE0908B8" author="Webb" box="[352,506,1130,1156]" firstAuthor="Webb" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref14641" refString="Webb, D. A. (1980) Aloe L. In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea - Alismataceae to Orchidaceae. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19 - 21." type="book" year="1980">Webb (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99B28FBC4FCD508B8" author="Franco & Afonso" box="[520,806,1130,1156]" firstAuthor="Franco" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="45 - 46" refId="ref9847" refString="Franco, J. A. & Afonso, M. L. R. (1994) Liliaceae. 8. Aloe L. In: Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Acores) Alismataceae - Iridaceae 3,1. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp. 45 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1994">Franco & Afonso (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99A12FBC4FBAD08B8" author="Almeida & Freitas" box="[818,1118,1130,1156]" firstAuthor="Almeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref8722" refString="Almeida, J. D. de & Freitas, H. (2006) Exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal. A reassessment. Botanica Complutensis 30: 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="2006">Almeida & Freitas (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99D4CFBC4FA5408B8" author="Smith & Figueiredo" box="[1132,1447,1130,1156]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="165 - 167" refId="ref13386" refString="Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2009) Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) is spreading in Portugal. Bradleya 27: 165 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 27.2009. a 4" type="journal article" year="2009">Smith & Figueiredo (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD999A8FB20FECE0894" author="Almeida" box="[136,317,1166,1192]" firstAuthor="Almeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref8656" refString="Almeida, J. D. de. (2012) Flora exotica subespontanea de Portugal continental (plantas vasculares). 5. a edicao. M. Sc. thesis. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 281 pp. Available from: https: // docplayer. com. br / 48643620 - Flora-exotica-subespontanea-de-portugalcontinental-plantas-vasculares. html (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="2012">Almeida (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99868FB20FE0B0894" author="Guemes" box="[328,504,1166,1192]" firstAuthor="Guemes" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="308 - 314" refId="ref10660" refString="Guemes, J. (2013) Aloe L. In: E. Rico, M. B. Crespo, A. Quintanar, A. Herrero & C. Aedo (Eds.) Flora iberica 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 308 - 314. Available from: http: // www. floraiberica. es / floraiberica / texto / pdfs / 20 _ 183 _ 32 _ Aloe. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book chapter" year="2013">Güemes (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99B24FB20FD220895" author="Silva" box="[516,721,1166,1193]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Silva" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="58 - 81" refId="ref13229" refString="Silva, V., Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2015) Alien succulents naturalised and cultivated on the central west coast of Portugal. Bradleya 33: 58 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 33.2015. a 10" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99B64FB21FD860894" box="[580,629,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFB1CFF4709BC" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DFB1CFEF308F0" bold="true" box="[189,256,1202,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99804FB1CFE1408F0" ID-CoL="C3DN" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[292,487,1202,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99804FB1CFE1408F0" box="[292,487,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinctive, large-growing species of up to
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924558FFD99ADFFB1CFBD808F0" box="[1023,1067,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall. It grows as a much-branched shrub with rather robust stems and branches, as opposed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99A68FB78FBDD08CC" ID-CoL="C4B8" authorityName="Klopper & Gideon F. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Haworth" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[840,1070,1238,1264]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloiampelos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99A68FB78FBDD08CC" box="[840,1070,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Aloiampelos ciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has thin, slender, and weak branches. The greyish green leaves are carried in dense rosettes, with the leaves sporting pale yellow teeth on the margins. Stems and branches are usually clothed in the dried remains of desiccated leaves. The inflorescences— elongated, conical racemes—are usually simple and dense-flowered (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99AB5FAECFBAF0960" author="Smith, G. F. & Klopper, R. R. & Crouch, N. R." box="[917,1116,1346,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="189 - 198" refId="ref13981" refString="Smith, G. F., Klopper, R. R. & Crouch, N. R. (2008) Aloe arborescens (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) and CITES. Haseltonia 14: 189 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 1070 - 0048 - 14.1.189" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99AC1FAEDFBE00960" box="[993,1043,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
c,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99D55FAECFB4F0960" author="Smith, G. F. & Klopper, R. R. & Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R." box="[1141,1212,1346,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref14035" refString="Smith, G. F., Klopper, R. R., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R. (2012 a) Aspects of the taxonomy of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). Bradleya 30: 127 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 30.2012. a 15" type="journal article" year="2012">2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99DE8FAECFF5409BC" author="Klopper" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopper" page="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref11342" refString="Klopper, R. R., Crouch, N. R., Smith, G. F. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2020) A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa. Phytokeys 142: 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 142.48365" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Klopper
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99C0BFAEDFAAE0960" box="[1323,1373,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020: 21
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DFA24FD4A0A64" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
It is not known whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD998F0FA24FD840998" ID-CoL="C3DN" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[464,631,1418,1444]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD998F0FA24FD840998" box="[464,631,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
introduced to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99A3AFA24FC8A0998" box="[794,889,1418,1444]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
was definitely from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99D43FA24FB070998" box="[1123,1268,1418,1444]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it occurs virtually along the entire southern and eastern coasts, from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99A67FA00FC7209F4" box="[839,897,1454,1480]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula eastwards, and would have been easily detected by passing ships that made landfall, for example at Plettenberg Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99AC1FA7CFAD909D0" author="Figueiredo & Smith" box="[993,1322,1490,1516]" firstAuthor="Figueiredo" page="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refId="ref9750" refString="Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2017) Common names of Angolan plants. 2 nd edn. Protea Book House, Pretoria, 399 pp." type="book" year="2017">Figueiredo & Smith 2017: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or instead sourced from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99805FA58FE4F0A2C" box="[293,444,1526,1552]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a former Portuguese colony, where it is also indigenous, or from both countries. Similar uncertainty surrounded the original location from which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99BDBF9B4FC240A08" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[763,983,1562,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloiampelos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99BDBF9B4FC990A08" box="[763,874,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. spicata</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
filius (1782: 205) was collected and taken to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99985F990FEF70A64" box="[165,260,1598,1624]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99832F990FE050A65" author="Glen & Hardy" box="[274,502,1598,1625]" firstAuthor="Glen" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="92 - 103" refId="ref10202" refString="Glen, H. F. & Hardy, D. S. (1995) Aloe section Anguialoe and the problem of Aloe spicata L. f. (Aloaceae). Haseltonia 3: 92 - 103." type="journal article" year="1995">Glen & Hardy 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99B21F990FD5E0A64" author="Glen & Hardy" box="[513,685,1598,1624]" firstAuthor="Glen" page="118 - 119" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 167" refId="ref10242" refString="Glen, H. F. & Hardy, D. S. (2000) Aloaceae (First part): Aloe. In: G. Germishuizen (Ed.) Flora of southern Africa, Vol. 5, Part 1, Fasc. 1. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, pp. 1 - 167." type="book chapter" year="2000">2000: 118–119</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DF9CCFB130A9C" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Regardless of the origin of material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99B5CF9CCFCD60A40" ID-CoL="C3DN" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[636,805,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99B5CF9CCFCD60A40" box="[636,805,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is grown in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99ACBF9CCFBBE0A40" box="[1003,1101,1634,1660]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species is very commonly cultivated in the country, from the Algarve in the south to at least as far north as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99D2CF928FBBA0A9C" box="[1036,1097,1670,1696]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Porto</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F24558FFD99D78F928FB270A9C" box="[1112,1236,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,413,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[151,1436,386,1803]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aloe arborescens in Portugal. A. Cultivated in beds next to the Estufa Fria, Lisbon. Photograph taken on 30 December 2013. B. Cultivated near the old town centre of Coimbra, en route to the University of Coimbra. Photograph taken on 8 January 2018. C. Cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto. Photograph taken on 22 December 2017 (see Smith & Figueiredo 2014). D. Escaped into natural vegetation at Nazaré, Estremadura (see Smith & Figueiredo 2009). Photograph taken on 4 October 2008. E. Naturalised at Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro, along the Alentejo Litoral coast, near Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017. F. Naturalised at Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017.All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254757/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DF904FEAB0B30" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD9999DF904FE720AF8" ID-CoL="C3DN" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[189,385,1706,1732]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9999DF904FE720AF8" box="[189,385,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently recorded from Nazaré (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99A06F904FBBF0AF8" author="Smith & Figueiredo" box="[806,1100,1706,1732]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="165 - 167" refId="ref13386" refString="Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2009) Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) is spreading in Portugal. Bradleya 27: 165 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 27.2009. a 4" type="journal article" year="2009">Smith & Figueiredo 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F24558FFD99D44F904FB4D0AF8" box="[1124,1214,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,413,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[151,1436,386,1803]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aloe arborescens in Portugal. A. Cultivated in beds next to the Estufa Fria, Lisbon. Photograph taken on 30 December 2013. B. Cultivated near the old town centre of Coimbra, en route to the University of Coimbra. Photograph taken on 8 January 2018. C. Cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto. Photograph taken on 22 December 2017 (see Smith & Figueiredo 2014). D. Escaped into natural vegetation at Nazaré, Estremadura (see Smith & Figueiredo 2009). Photograph taken on 4 October 2008. E. Naturalised at Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro, along the Alentejo Litoral coast, near Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017. F. Naturalised at Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017.All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254757/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is here recorded for the first time from Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F24558FFD99A2EF960FC920AD4" box="[782,865,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,413,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[151,1436,386,1803]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aloe arborescens in Portugal. A. Cultivated in beds next to the Estufa Fria, Lisbon. Photograph taken on 30 December 2013. B. Cultivated near the old town centre of Coimbra, en route to the University of Coimbra. Photograph taken on 8 January 2018. C. Cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto. Photograph taken on 22 December 2017 (see Smith & Figueiredo 2014). D. Escaped into natural vegetation at Nazaré, Estremadura (see Smith & Figueiredo 2009). Photograph taken on 4 October 2008. E. Naturalised at Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro, along the Alentejo Litoral coast, near Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017. F. Naturalised at Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017.All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254757/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and from Porto Covo (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F24558FFD99D4AF960FB4F0AD4" box="[1130,1212,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,413,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[151,1436,386,1803]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aloe arborescens in Portugal. A. Cultivated in beds next to the Estufa Fria, Lisbon. Photograph taken on 30 December 2013. B. Cultivated near the old town centre of Coimbra, en route to the University of Coimbra. Photograph taken on 8 January 2018. C. Cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Porto. Photograph taken on 22 December 2017 (see Smith & Figueiredo 2014). D. Escaped into natural vegetation at Nazaré, Estremadura (see Smith & Figueiredo 2009). Photograph taken on 4 October 2008. E. Naturalised at Praia da Ilha Pessegueiro, along the Alentejo Litoral coast, near Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017. F. Naturalised at Porto Covo. Photograph taken on 30 December 2017.All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254757/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), two locations along the Alentejo coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774558FFD9999DF8B8FC3F0BD8" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD9999DF8B8FE590B0D" author="Mateus" box="[189,426,1814,1841]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mateus" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="689 - 692" refId="ref11793" refString="Mateus, C., Franco, J. C., Caetano, M. F., Silva, E. B. da, Ramos, A. P., Figueiredo, E. & Mound, L. (2015) Hercinothrips dimidiatus Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new pest of Aloe arborescens Miller in Europe. Phytoparasitica 43: 689 - 692. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12600 - 015 - 0492 - z" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Mateus
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD9983AF8B9FEBD0B0C" box="[282,334,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded a species of thrips,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99A23F8B8FB0B0B0D" ID-CoL="3KXWM" authority="Hood (1937: 105)" authorityName="Hood" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1937" box="[771,1272,1814,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Hercinothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99A23F8B8FBEC0B0C" box="[771,1055,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Hercinothrips dimidiatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD99D09F8B8FB0B0B0D" author="Hood" box="[1065,1272,1814,1841]" firstAuthor="Hood" page="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="97 - 113" refId="ref11124" refString="Hood, J. D. (1937) New genera and species of Thysanoptera from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 19 (109): 97 - 113. Available from: https: // www. tandfonline. com / doi / abs / 10.1080 / 00222933708655243? journalCode = tnah 16 (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="journal article" year="1937">Hood (1937: 105)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99C29F8B8FA5B0B0C" ID-CoL="622VS" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1836" box="[1289,1448,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD999A8F894FF090B68" ID-CoL="626PS" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[136,250,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99811F894FE2B0B68" ID-CoL="C3DN" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[305,472,1850,1876]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99811F894FE2B0B68" box="[305,472,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from several localities in the vicinity of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99A86F894FC040B68" box="[934,1015,1850,1876]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This was the first record of this thrips species for Europe, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864558FFD998B6F8F0FD8A0B45" author="Mateus" box="[406,633,1886,1913]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mateus" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" pagination="689 - 692" refId="ref11793" refString="Mateus, C., Franco, J. C., Caetano, M. F., Silva, E. B. da, Ramos, A. P., Figueiredo, E. & Mound, L. (2015) Hercinothrips dimidiatus Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new pest of Aloe arborescens Miller in Europe. Phytoparasitica 43: 689 - 692. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12600 - 015 - 0492 - z" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Mateus
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD998CFF8F1FDD20B44" box="[495,545,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculate that its introduction into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99D24F8F0FB900B44" box="[1028,1123,1886,1912]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
resulted from infected plants from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD999E6F82CFEA70BA0" box="[198,340,1922,1948]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
having entered
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD99B28F82CFD940BA0" box="[520,615,1922,1948]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
via
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF4C4B954558FFD99BB7F82CFD1B0BA0" box="[663,744,1922,1948]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a major port city.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD99A99F82CFB210BA0" ID-CoL="3KXWM" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1937" box="[953,1234,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Hercinothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD99A99F82CFB210BA0" box="[953,1234,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Hercinothrips dimidiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74558FFD999E6F808FEAA0BFC" box="[198,345,1958,1984]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44558FFD998CAF808FD620BFC" ID-CoL="C3DN" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[490,657,1958,1984]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654558FFD998CAF808FD620BFC" box="[490,657,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">A. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from well beyond Lisbon, for example from Coimbra, appears to also have been infected with the thrips (personal observations by GFS and EF).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |