383 lines
50 KiB
XML
383 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="9C1E2AE605D1E62B909866C1C70CD749" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.629.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254755" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1701682507275" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela, Verloove, Filip, Klopper, Ronell R. & Silva, Vasco" docDate="2023" docId="B52134614553FFD399A8FDDCFE5F0D74" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.629.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 629 (1)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.629.1.3/51327" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.11:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="11" docTitle="Aloe vera Burman filius" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="49184C19455BFFDA9920FFAEFFF30C3C" masterDocTitle="An annotated catalogue of Aloe and Aloiampelos (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) naturalised and escaped in continental Portugal" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1701715323976" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="97E65295F007F631920BF5C3EF1656FF">
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<mods:title id="A7E6FD67C2789BC23C8ABE904968FC2D">An annotated catalogue of Aloe and Aloiampelos (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) naturalised and escaped in continental Portugal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F5F7C71AF8F88B4B2793A30EE0720321" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F97A8E28AFDD0561FEB6E9718AB40A79">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7079ED781A970508AB5CF2D844071E53">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="81FAA3F9387EA9D4ADE1872BAF82A001">Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="11710F3A82234BE092B7F4F90B9BE152" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5417-9208</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="55232DC4C52A046ABE57BCB6ECA3D1EA">Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa. & smithgideon 1 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5417 - 9208</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8548AD4962E637379312420EB40DB269" type="email">smithgideon1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="86423FEAAC4B5217841DE9246512BE52" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="13084A4704C5CF8147CDD777948866C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="48EC0D098C10ADFC0AA0166770E999FD">Figueiredo, Estrela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="77EE136527F1E16D994154ECB7664644" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8511-8213</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1CBC1559DE6FDCEC9EFCEB01162718E6">Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa. & epnfigueiredo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8511 - 8213</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="570F2DEBF3C46473D8FB30BD5110AFD0" type="email">epnfigueiredo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="43728F441680761227C0B5FEA2DCC72F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DA95DD371E18A1153156EA5131A242A5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4EB162BEB689BBB061E8E8539BB93249">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BB9C9E332A17A119787592E69C0E00F1">Verloove, Filip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="22888F54D875430FF5CAD5F8C74F6E80" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4144-2422</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="16A4C95AD0C9E347B3FDA7AA6D9ED62B">Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium. & filip. verloove @ plantentuinmeise. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4144 - 2422</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="34028AAB7255BA42A5145A21BE9785FA" type="email">filip.verloove@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="768302F3EDCBAA70378FE94C67DA99F8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BED66E80412664CD970375FFFDCCDCA9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0E630393FF74C8B412EBFCDD4101A10C">Klopper, Ronell R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DEFEDA5E974CE8B5E570AAF145B60A4C">Foundational Biodiversity Science Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa. & H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E9881540FB19D36D5CF2E9330DE1F632" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0A067CD401FEE2376122A4A9E0521A41">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D49BFA083EA7187DB327E2286530F9AD">Silva, Vasco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88C5DF8BCFF9BC6272AE0311C63F6037">Centre for Applied Ecology Prof. Baeta Neves, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349 - 017 Lisbon, Portugal. & Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829 - 511 Caparica, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F9A1A06A789BCA747299D33A69CA99D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="872F1CF931CBF0D248B7513FEC83D5EC">
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<mods:title id="22A0CE1E54C6DF1C6C32CD5DA9E0A895">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C4220FFEE962516D8AB84D26DC6756D1">
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<mods:date id="0198F031011DACCCCBD98FD6D06B8A69">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1FC83EB2B3CEDE4ACB30342929F8E5A2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="B6EA22C8D77D6AB467B0620BF667174C">2023-12-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DC77544909BB739F6E75D170539558D5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="10B4FBBC1B4E206A94918F9BC7A0D49A">629</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="CAA14336852B532153BB1F291E493FED" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="614350E6ABFCF23D25E2F29263682997">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B3D289142328B6E7C4BD410EB1DCAD5E">35</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A2106C19B5062C5757B17A7AE006292C">52</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="F04E49AC23829B16A25B4ED6D00B0BE5">
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<mods:url id="61FA015D0428D983E41DFDB3032920CC">https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.629.1.3/51327</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="B71A1606493CEFBDDECA27ED13FF6F0E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FA7C1A853B6FABC281A71AFB57F054B2" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.629.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FDE0B5756D3180493CDB290E69AE98D4" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7133A63E652C2AAECBBA92D5706E1D18" type="Zenodo-Dep">10254755</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B52134614553FFD399A8FDDCFE5F0D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B52134614553FFD399A8FDDCFE5F0D74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B52134614553FFD399A8FDDCFE5F0D74" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD299A8FDDCFC790EB1" box="[136,906,626,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD299A8FDDCFC790EB1" blockId="8.[136,1451,626,795]" box="[136,906,626,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="667F321B4553FFD299A8FDDCFC790EB1" box="[136,906,626,653]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" reason="4">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29984FDDCFCDB0EB0" ID-CoL="C46V" authority="(Linnaeus) Burman filius" authorityName="Burman filius" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[164,808,626,653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29984FDDCFEE10EB1" bold="true" box="[164,274,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aloe vera</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29800FDDCFDF10EB0" author="Linnaeus" box="[288,514,626,653]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="320" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="319 - 323" refId="ref11571" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad generarelatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp. [Aloe L. treated on pp. 319 - 323]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669" type="book chapter" year="1753">Linnaeus 1753: 320</bibRefCitation>
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) Burman filius (1768: 83)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A5B399F24553FFD29A17FDDCFC8F0EB1" box="[823,892,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,378,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-101@9.[151,1436,353,1763]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aloe vera in Portugal. A. Potted specimens of A. vera (plant on the left) and A. ×nobilis (plant on the right) grown on a windowsill in Caldas da Rainha, Estremadura. Especially A. vera is often kept near a kitchen with its leaf juices used to treat minor burns and skin abrasions. Photograph taken on 11 September 2011. B. Grown in a large plant container on the stoep of a house near the town centre in Golega, in the centre of the country. Photograph taken on 17 January 2018. C. A branched inflorescence. D. Close-up of flowers and buds. All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254765/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD299A8FD34FB870E93" box="[136,1140,666,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD299A8FD34FB870E93" blockId="8.[136,1451,626,795]" box="[136,1140,666,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD299A8FD34FE870E93" bold="true" box="[136,372,666,687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Locally used synonyms</emphasis>
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||
:—
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<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD298B3FD34FD4E0E8C" authority="Miller (1768" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[403,701,666,688]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbadensis">
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD298B3FD34FDC90E93" box="[403,570,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aloe barbadensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29B60FD34FD4E0E8C" author="Miller" box="[576,701,666,688]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref11909" refString="Miller, P. (1768) Gardeners dictionary, edn 8. Printed for the author, and sold by John and Francis Rivington, [...] and T. Payne, London, pp. not conventionally numbered. [see for Aloe brevifolia Mill. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 394481 # page / 1366 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 541" type="url" year="1768">Miller (1768</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: first page headed “ALO-ALO”, species # 2).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD299A8FD10FF080F27" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD299A8FD10FF080F27" blockId="8.[136,1451,626,795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD299A8FD10FEB30EE8" bold="true" box="[136,320,702,724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Common name(s)</emphasis>
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:—
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2987EFD11FE380EE8" box="[350,459,703,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Portuguese</emphasis>
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: aloé, aloé-de-Barbados, azebre, azebre-vegetal, azevre, babosa, cacto-dos-aflitos, cura-câncros, erva-azebra, erva-babosa, erva-que-arde, planta-dos-milagres, planta-mistério, planta-que-cura.
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29D19FD4CFB710ECB" box="[1081,1154,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">English</emphasis>
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: medicinal aloe (
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<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29C13FD4CFF030F27" author="Grace, O. M. & Klopper, R. R. & Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Grace" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref10501" refString="Grace, O. M., Klopper, R. R., Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2011) The aloe names book. Strelitzia 29. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 232 pp. Available from: http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 270 (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="2011">
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Grace
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29C58FD4DFA550ECB" box="[1400,1446,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD299A8FCE4FDF708B8" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD299A8FCE4FDF708B8" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD299A8FCE4FEE10F58" bold="true" box="[136,274,842,868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Description</emphasis>
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:—Plants acaulescent or with very short
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29BF6FCE5FCFA0F58" box="[726,777,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">stem</emphasis>
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||
up to
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||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29A6FFCE4FC610F59" box="[847,914,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
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; suckering at base to
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||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29DA0FCE4FB0E0F58" box="[1152,1277,842,868]" form="dense" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="form">form dense</taxonomicName>
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groups.
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29C7EFCE5FA5F0F58" box="[1374,1452,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Leaves</emphasis>
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||
densely rosulate, erectly spreading, generally straight, up to 30–60 ×
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||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29AACFCC0FC110FB5" box="[908,994,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 cm</quantity>
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||
, lanceolate-attenuate, dull greyish green, sometimes with scattered, dull, irregularly shaped, whitish maculations when young, maculations generally lacking at maturity;
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD299D6FC19FEB50FEC" box="[246,326,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">margin</emphasis>
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||
concolorous to pinkish;
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29B7CFC18FD0C0FEC" box="[604,767,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">marginal teeth</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29A27FC18FC960FED" box="[775,869,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
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||
long, 10–15(–20) mm apart, harmless, firm, pale to whitish;
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD299CAFC74FEB20FC8" box="[234,321,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">exudate</emphasis>
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||
yellow.
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29883FC74FDCA0FC8" box="[419,569,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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||
0.5–1.0 m high, erect, sometimes 1- or 2-branched.
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29DAEFC75FB010FC8" box="[1166,1266,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Racemes</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29DDAFC74FA990FC9" box="[1274,1386,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
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||
long, cylindrical acuminate, dense.
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<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD298FFFC50FD850824" box="[479,630,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Floral bracts</emphasis>
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||
± 10 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29BF7FC50FCC90825" box="[727,826,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29A68FC50FC540824" box="[840,935,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Pedicels</emphasis>
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||
±
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29AE7FC50FBF80825" box="[967,1035,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29D78FC50FB470824" box="[1112,1204,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Flowers</emphasis>
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||
: slightly to distinctly ventricose;
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||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2982BFB8CFE990800" box="[267,362,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">perianth</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29851FB8CFE180801" box="[369,491,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29B53FB8CFD460801" box="[627,693,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
across ovary, narrowing towards mouth, slightly upcurved, yellow, green-tipped and -lined in bud;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD298C9FBE9FD61085C" box="[489,658,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">outer segments</emphasis>
|
||
free for
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29BD2FBE8FC9D085D" box="[754,878,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29A59FBE9FC20085C" box="[889,979,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">stamens</emphasis>
|
||
exserted
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29D1EFBE8FB6D085D" box="[1086,1182,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29D89FBE8FB2F085C" box="[1193,1244,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">style</emphasis>
|
||
exserted to
|
||
<quantity id="FA7028924553FFD29C44FBE8FA5B085D" box="[1380,1448,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD299A8FBC4FF1708B8" box="[136,228,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Capsule</emphasis>
|
||
1.5–2.0 cm long, oblong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD2999DFB20FB7B0904" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DFB20FD3F0894" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" box="[189,716,1166,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DFB20FE800894" bold="true" box="[189,371,1166,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Flowering time</emphasis>
|
||
:—(March–)May–June(–July).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DFB1CFA9008F1" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" box="[189,1379,1202,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DFB1CFEEA08F0" bold="true" box="[189,281,1202,1228]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
:—Maritime rocks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD298D7FB1CFD2F08F1" author="Coutinho" box="[503,732,1202,1229]" firstAuthor="Coutinho" page="151" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 170" refId="ref9166" refString="Coutinho, A. X. P. (1939 [reprinted 1974]) Familia 27. Liliaceas. Subfamilia II. Lilioideas. 155. Aloe L. In: Palhinha, R. (Ed.) Flora de Portugal. (Plantas vasculares). Disposta em chaves dicotomicas, 2 nd edn. Bertrand (Irmaos), Ltd, Lisboa, pp. 169 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1939">Coutinho 1939: 151</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); escarpments and sea cliffs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29D04FB1CFAA508F1" author="Franco & Afonso" box="[1060,1366,1202,1229]" firstAuthor="Franco" page="45" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 46" refId="ref9847" refString="Franco, J. A. & Afonso, M. L. R. (1994) Liliaceae. 8. Aloe L. In: Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Acores) Alismataceae - Iridaceae 3,1. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp. 45 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1994">Franco & Afonso 1994: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DFB78FB7B0904" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DFB78FC9708CC" bold="true" box="[189,868,1238,1264]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
First mention of the species as naturalised in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29BDCFB78FC9708CC" box="[764,868,1238,1264]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—1896 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29AF3FB78FB4108CC" author="Coutinho" box="[979,1202,1238,1264]" firstAuthor="Coutinho" page="78" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="71 - 129" refId="ref9078" refString="Coutinho, A. X. P. (1896) As Liliaceas de Portugal. Contribuicoes para o estudo da flora portugueza. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 13: 71 - 129." type="journal article" year="1896">Coutinho 1896: 78</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29DD0FB78FA6608CC" box="[1264,1429,1238,1264]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Aloe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
”).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299A8FB54FEB10928" author="Coutinho" box="[136,322,1274,1300]" firstAuthor="Coutinho" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="71 - 129" refId="ref9078" refString="Coutinho, A. X. P. (1896) As Liliaceas de Portugal. Contribuicoes para o estudo da flora portugueza. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 13: 71 - 129." type="journal article" year="1896">Coutinho (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based the record on material collected between Sines and Vila Nova de Milfontes (BAl) by Friedrich Welwitsch who had an interest in succulents cultivated in Portugal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29A5EFAB0FB8F0904" author="Figueiredo" box="[894,1148,1310,1337]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Figueiredo" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="200 - 211" refId="ref9563" refString="Figueiredo, E., Silva, V. & Smith, G. F. (2018) Friedrich Welwitsch and the horticulture of succulents in Portugal in the 19 th century. Bradleya 36: 200 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 36.2018. a 15" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Figueiredo
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29D20FAB1FBC20904" box="[1024,1073,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD2999DFAECFDB10B0C" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DFAECFDB809F4" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DFAECFE560960" bold="true" box="[189,421,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Localities recorded</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD298E5FAECFD4C0961" author="Coutinho" box="[453,703,1346,1373]" firstAuthor="Coutinho" page="151" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 170" refId="ref9166" refString="Coutinho, A. X. P. (1939 [reprinted 1974]) Familia 27. Liliaceas. Subfamilia II. Lilioideas. 155. Aloe L. In: Palhinha, R. (Ed.) Flora de Portugal. (Plantas vasculares). Disposta em chaves dicotomicas, 2 nd edn. Bertrand (Irmaos), Ltd, Lisboa, pp. 169 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1939">Coutinho (1939: 151)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it from the coast of the same province, i.e., BAl. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299A8FAC9FE2109BC" author="Franco & Afonso" box="[136,466,1382,1409]" firstAuthor="Franco" page="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 46" refId="ref9847" refString="Franco, J. A. & Afonso, M. L. R. (1994) Liliaceae. 8. Aloe L. In: Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Acores) Alismataceae - Iridaceae 3,1. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp. 45 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1994">Franco & Afonso (1994: 46)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it as rare in “SW mer.”, i.e. the southern west coast (BAl).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29DD8FAC8FF4F0998" author="Almeida" firstAuthor="Almeida" page="209" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref8656" refString="Almeida, J. D. de. (2012) Flora exotica subespontanea de Portugal continental (plantas vasculares). 5. a edicao. M. Sc. thesis. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 281 pp. Available from: https: // docplayer. com. br / 48643620 - Flora-exotica-subespontanea-de-portugalcontinental-plantas-vasculares. html (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="2012">Almeida (2012: 209)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299D6FA24FE130998" author="Guemes" box="[246,480,1418,1444]" firstAuthor="Guemes" page="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 314" refId="ref10660" refString="Guemes, J. (2013) Aloe L. In: E. Rico, M. B. Crespo, A. Quintanar, A. Herrero & C. Aedo (Eds.) Flora iberica 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 308 - 314. Available from: http: // www. floraiberica. es / floraiberica / texto / pdfs / 20 _ 183 _ 32 _ Aloe. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book chapter" year="2013">Güemes (2013: 312)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also recorded it for BAl only.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29A63FA24FB400998" author="Mabberley & Placito" box="[835,1203,1418,1444]" firstAuthor="Mabberley" page="47" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref11757" refString="Mabberley, D. J. & Placito, P. J. (1993) Algarve plants and landscape. Passing tradition and ecological change. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 300 pp." type="book" year="1993">Mabberley & Placito (1993: 47)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further recorded it as naturalised at Praia D. Ana, Lagos (Ag).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DFA7CFB7D09D0" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" box="[189,1166,1490,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DFA7CFE0209D0" bold="true" box="[189,497,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Country / region of origin</emphasis>
|
||
:—Uncertain (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29B9EFA7DFC3509D1" author="Newton" box="[702,966,1490,1517]" firstAuthor="Newton" page="675 - 676" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref12151" refString="Newton, L. E. (2020) Aloe. In: Eggli, U. & Nyffeler, R. (Eds.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Monocotyledons, Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 485 - 696." type="book" year="2020">Newton 2020: 675–676</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DFA58FBEE0B30" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DFA58FDD50A2C" bold="true" box="[189,550,1526,1552]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Secondary distribution range</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29B6AFA58FD480A2C" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[586,699,1526,1552]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29B6AFA58FD480A2C" box="[586,699,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aloe vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely naturalised, especially in areas with a Mediterranean climate. It was first indicated as escaped on the Iberian Peninsula by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29AA1F9B4FBA40A08" author="Colmeiro" box="[897,1111,1562,1588]" firstAuthor="Colmeiro" page="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="267 - 299" refId="ref9112" refString="Colmeiro, M. (1874) Plantas crasas de Espana y Portugal. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural III: 267 - 299. Available from: https: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / idurl / 1 / 16414 (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="journal article" year="1874">Colmeiro (1874: 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and its naturalisation has been reported from many countries in the Mediterranean area, for example
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29ABDF990FC2E0A64" box="[925,989,1598,1624]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29D3EF990FAC10A64" author="Guillot Ortiz" box="[1054,1330,1598,1625]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Guillot Ortiz" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref10880" refString="Guillot Ortiz, D., Laguna Lumbreras, E. & Rossello Picornell, J. A. (2008) La familia Aloaceae en la flora aloctona valenciana. Bouteloua 6: 1 - 58. Available from: http: // www. floramontiberica. org / Bouteloua / MonogBouteloua _ 06 _ Aloaceae. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Guillot Ortiz
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29D96F991FB1B0A64" box="[1206,1256,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29C66F990FA580A64" box="[1350,1451,1598,1624]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299B0F9CCFEE40A40" author="Lamb" box="[144,279,1634,1660]" firstAuthor="Lamb" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="267 - 272" refId="ref11505" refString="Lamb, B. M. (1996) The genus Aloe (L.) in Gibraltar. Almoraima 15: 267 - 272." type="journal article" year="1996">Lamb 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29864F9CDFE1D0A40" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[324,494,1634,1661]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29864F9CDFE1D0A40" box="[324,494,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">A. barbadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29B28F9CCFDC80A40" box="[520,571,1634,1660]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(naturalised only in the southernmost areas, casual elsewhere;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29C30F9CCFF300A9C" author="Galasso, G. & Conti, F. & Peruzzi, L. & Ardenghi, N. M. G. & Roma-Marzio, F. & Rosati, L. & Santangelo, A. & Scoppola, A. & Scortegagna, S. & Selvaggi, A. & Selvi, F. & Soldano, A. & Stinca, A. & Wagensommer, R. P. & Wilhalm, T. & Bartolucci, F." journalOrPublisher="Plant Biosystems" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="556 - 592" part="152" refId="ref10101" refString="Galasso, G., Conti, F., Peruzzi, L., Ardenghi, N. M. G., Banfi, E., Celesti-Grapow, L., Albano, A., Alessandrini, A., Bacchetta, G., Ballelli, S., Bandini Mazzanti, M., Barberis, G., Bernardo, L., Blasi, C., Bouvet, D., Bovio, M., Cecchi, L., Del Guacchio, E., Domina, G., Fascetti, S., Gallo, L., Gubellini, L., Guiggi, A., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Jimenez-Mejias, P., Lattanzi, E., Marchetti, D., Martinetto, E., Masin, R. R., Medagli, P., Passalacqua, N. G., Peccenini, S., Pennesi, R., Pierini, B., Podda, L., Poldini, L., Prosser, F., Raimondo, F. M., Roma-Marzio, F., Rosati, L., Santangelo, A., Scoppola, A., Scortegagna, S., Selvaggi, A., Selvi, F., Soldano, A., Stinca, A., Wagensommer, R. P., Wilhalm, T. & Bartolucci, F. (2018) An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant Biosystems 152 (3): 556 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2018.1441197" title="An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Galasso
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29C51F9CDFA560A40" box="[1393,1445,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299EEF928FE4D0A9C" author="Musarella" box="[206,446,1670,1697]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Musarella" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="55 - 66" refId="ref12071" refString="Musarella, C. M., Stinca, A., Cano-Ortiz, A., Laface, V. L. A., Petrilli, R., Esposito, A. & Spampinato, G. (2020) New data on the alien vascular flora of Calabria (southern Italy). Annali di Botanica 10: 55 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.13133 / 2239 - 3129 / 14838" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Musarella
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29864F929FE860A9C" box="[324,373,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD298F1F928FDE10A9C" box="[465,530,1670,1696]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29B00F928FD460A9C" author="Mifsud" box="[544,693,1670,1696]" firstAuthor="Mifsud" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref11882" refString="Mifsud, S. (2022) Malta wild plants. Available online at: https: // maltawildplants. com (accessed November 2022)." type="url" year="2022">Mifsud 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29BD7F928FCB50A9C" box="[759,838,1670,1696]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29A74F928FB910A9C" author="Arianoutsou" box="[852,1122,1670,1697]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Arianoutsou" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="3525 - 3549" refId="ref8755" refString="Arianoutsou, M., Bazos, I., Delipetrou, P. & Kokkoris, Y. (2010) The alien flora of Greece: taxonomy, life traits and habitat preferences. Biological Invasions 12: 3525 - 3549. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 010 - 9749 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Arianoutsou
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29AC7F929FBEB0A9C" box="[999,1048,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is furthermore naturalised in the Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira) and most of North Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29AD3F904FBAE0AF8" box="[1011,1117,1706,1732]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29D49F904FB4C0AF8" box="[1129,1215,1706,1732]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29DEBF904FAD10AF8" box="[1227,1314,1706,1732]" name="Algeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29C41F904FA570AF8" box="[1377,1444,1706,1732]" name="Libya" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299AFF960FE290AD4" author="Dobignard & Chatelain" box="[143,474,1742,1768]" firstAuthor="Dobignard" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref9389" refString="Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2010 [avril]) Aloaceae. Aloe L. In: A. Dobignard & C. Chatelain, Index Synonymique de la Flore d'Afrique du Nord. Vol. 1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. [Un inventaire critique et bibliographique de la Flore vasculaire d'Afrique du Nord. Publication hors-serie no 11]. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Geneve, p. 73 [of 455 pp.]" type="book" year="2010">Dobignard & Chatelain 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also naturalised in, among others,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29AB8F960FC270AD4" box="[920,980,1742,1768]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29AFFF960FBBC0AD4" box="[991,1103,1742,1768]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD29D79F960FB420AD4" box="[1113,1201,1742,1768]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Caribbean. In some areas of its secondary range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29B2FF95DFD930B30" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[527,608,1779,1805]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29B2FF95DFD930B30" box="[527,608,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">A. vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be an invasive species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DF8B8FDB10B0C" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" box="[189,578,1814,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DF8B8FE660B0C" bold="true" box="[189,405,1814,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Status in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD2980DF8B8FE660B0C" box="[301,405,1814,1840]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—Naturalised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7592D6FC4553FFD3999DF894FE5F0D74" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DF894FE650B44" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DF894FECC0B68" bold="true" box="[189,319,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">References</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29840F894FDD00B68" author="Coutinho" box="[352,547,1850,1876]" firstAuthor="Coutinho" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="169 - 170" refId="ref9166" refString="Coutinho, A. X. P. (1939 [reprinted 1974]) Familia 27. Liliaceas. Subfamilia II. Lilioideas. 155. Aloe L. In: Palhinha, R. (Ed.) Flora de Portugal. (Plantas vasculares). Disposta em chaves dicotomicas, 2 nd edn. Bertrand (Irmaos), Ltd, Lisboa, pp. 169 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1939">Coutinho (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29B13F894FD380B68" author="Webb" box="[563,715,1850,1876]" firstAuthor="Webb" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref14641" refString="Webb, D. A. (1980) Aloe L. In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea - Alismataceae to Orchidaceae. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19 - 21." type="book" year="1980">Webb (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29BFBF895FC0D0B68" author="Franco & Afonso" box="[731,1022,1850,1877]" firstAuthor="Franco" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 46" refId="ref9847" refString="Franco, J. A. & Afonso, M. L. R. (1994) Liliaceae. 8. Aloe L. In: Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Acores) Alismataceae - Iridaceae 3,1. Escolar Editora, Lisboa, pp. 45 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1994">Franco & Afonso (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29D2CF894FACE0B68" author="Almeida & Freitas" box="[1036,1341,1850,1876]" firstAuthor="Almeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref8722" refString="Almeida, J. D. de & Freitas, H. (2006) Exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal. A reassessment. Botanica Complutensis 30: 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="2006">Almeida & Freitas (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29C6BF894FF260B44" author="Almeida" firstAuthor="Almeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref8656" refString="Almeida, J. D. de. (2012) Flora exotica subespontanea de Portugal continental (plantas vasculares). 5. a edicao. M. Sc. thesis. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 281 pp. Available from: https: // docplayer. com. br / 48643620 - Flora-exotica-subespontanea-de-portugalcontinental-plantas-vasculares. html (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="2012">Almeida (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD299C1F8F0FE620B44" author="Guemes" box="[225,401,1886,1912]" firstAuthor="Guemes" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 314" refId="ref10660" refString="Guemes, J. (2013) Aloe L. In: E. Rico, M. B. Crespo, A. Quintanar, A. Herrero & C. Aedo (Eds.) Flora iberica 20. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 308 - 314. Available from: http: // www. floraiberica. es / floraiberica / texto / pdfs / 20 _ 183 _ 32 _ Aloe. pdf (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book chapter" year="2013">Güemes (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD2999DF82CFD5F0BD8" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD2999DF82CFEF30BA0" bold="true" box="[189,256,1922,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
:—Globally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD298B7F82DFE1E0BA0" ID-CoL="C46V" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[407,493,1923,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD298B7F82DFE1E0BA0" box="[407,493,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">A. vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most important medicinal aloe and it is widely cultivated for various leaf components (see for example
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD298F4F808FD8F0BFC" author="Reynolds" box="[468,636,1958,1984]" firstAuthor="Reynolds" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="39 - 74" refId="ref12684" refString="Reynolds, T. (2004) Part 2. Aloe constituents. Chapter 3. Aloe chemistry. In: T. Reynolds (Ed.) Aloes: the genus Aloe. Medicinal and aromatic plants - Industrial profiles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D. C, pp. 39 - 74 [whole work 386 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2004">Reynolds 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD29B91F808FC820BFD" author="Grace" box="[689,881,1958,1985]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Grace" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref10366" refString="Grace, O. M., Buerki, S., Symonds, M. R. E., Forest, F., Van Wyk, A. E., Smith, G. F., Klopper, R. R., Bjora, C. S., Neale, S., Demissew, S., Simmonds, M. S. J. & Ronsted, N. (2015 [26 February]) Evolutionary history and leaf succulence as explanations for medicinal use in aloes and the global popularity of Aloe vera. BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology 15: Article number 29, 12 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 015 - 0291 - 7" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Grace
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29BDAF809FCD90BFC" box="[762,810,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F24553FFD29AA6F808FBF20BFD" box="[902,1025,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,378,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-101@9.[151,1436,353,1763]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aloe vera in Portugal. A. Potted specimens of A. vera (plant on the left) and A. ×nobilis (plant on the right) grown on a windowsill in Caldas da Rainha, Estremadura. Especially A. vera is often kept near a kitchen with its leaf juices used to treat minor burns and skin abrasions. Photograph taken on 11 September 2011. B. Grown in a large plant container on the stoep of a house near the town centre in Golega, in the centre of the country. Photograph taken on 17 January 2018. C. A branched inflorescence. D. Close-up of flowers and buds. All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254765/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is therefore unsurprising that it has become naturalised in various parts of the world.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3785774553FFD3999DF841FE5F0D74" blockId="8.[136,1452,842,2093]" lastBlockId="9.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74553FFD299FBF840FECE0434" box="[219,317,2030,2056]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44553FFD29868F841FE6A0434" ID-CoL="C46V" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[328,409,2031,2057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654553FFD29868F841FE6A0434" box="[328,409,2031,2057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">A. vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is essentially a summer-flowering species with a relevant, at the time, contemporary mention of its cultivation given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864553FFD2989DF7BCFD240411" author="Gomes & Beirao" box="[445,727,2066,2093]" firstAuthor="Gomes" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refId="ref10303" refString="Gomes, B. A. & Beirao, C. M. F. S. (1852) Catalogus plantarum horti botanici. Medico-cirurgicae scholae olisiponensis. Tipografia Nacional, Lisbon, 258 pp. available from: https: // archive. org / details / b 24883827 / mode / 2 up (accessed 1 December 2023)." type="book" year="1852">Gomes & Beirão (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Some variation has been observed in the timing of flowering, especially in other parts of the world, but plants generally do not flower in winter. The flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44552FFD39DFCFF31FADD0C84" ID-CoL="C46V" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[1244,1326,159,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654552FFD39DFCFF31FADD0C84" box="[1244,1326,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">A. vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B399F24552FFD399B0FF6CFEFF0CE1" box="[144,268,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,378,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-101@9.[151,1436,353,1763]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aloe vera in Portugal. A. Potted specimens of A. vera (plant on the left) and A. ×nobilis (plant on the right) grown on a windowsill in Caldas da Rainha, Estremadura. Especially A. vera is often kept near a kitchen with its leaf juices used to treat minor burns and skin abrasions. Photograph taken on 11 September 2011. B. Grown in a large plant container on the stoep of a house near the town centre in Golega, in the centre of the country. Photograph taken on 17 January 2018. C. A branched inflorescence. D. Close-up of flowers and buds. All photographs by Gideon F. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254765/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 5C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but also in this case, some variation is evident, with orangey red flowers having been recorded in some variants of the species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44552FFD398B2FF48FD190D3C" ID-CoL="C3QF" authority="Royle (1839: 390)" authorityName="Royle" authorityPageNumber="390" authorityYear="1839" box="[402,746,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654552FFD398B2FF48FDE00D3C" box="[402,531,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Aloe indica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864552FFD39B3BFF48FD190D3C" author="Royle" box="[539,746,230,256]" firstAuthor="Royle" page="390" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" refId="ref12809" refString="Royle, J. F. (1839) Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains and of the flora of Cashmere [...]. Wm. H. Alland and Co., London, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 449" type="book" year="1839">Royle (1839: 390)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been interpreted as such a red-flowered variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44552FFD39C7AFF49FA5F0D3C" ID-CoL="C46V" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[1370,1452,231,257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654552FFD39C7AFF49FA5F0D3C" box="[1370,1452,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">A. vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5919F8864552FFD3999BFEA4FE6E0D19" author="Reynolds" box="[187,413,266,293]" firstAuthor="Reynolds" page="145" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" refId="ref12649" refString="Reynolds, G. W. (1966) The aloes of tropical Africa and Madagascar. The Trustees, The aloes book fund, Mbabane, Swaziland [Eswatini], 537 pp." type="book" year="1966">Reynolds 1966: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 150, 524). However, non-yellow-flowering material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA88FEF44552FFD39D2EFEA5FBAC0D18" ID-CoL="C46V" authorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[1038,1119,267,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FFC59654552FFD39D2EFEA5FBAC0D18" box="[1038,1119,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">A. vera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is yet to be formally recorded as naturalised in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="459FC5E74552FFD39865FE80FE5B0D74" box="[325,424,302,328]" name="Portugal" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |