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<document id="5F3495ADF940F4F0DEE16F62B1F8A8D5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bd3a3e2-ea99-490e-a64d-fbad37df8aa5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289200" ID-ZooBank="1FE7AFED-DC04-4E8C-BFB3-880A94B296DB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461279614665" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S. &amp; Rambaran, Ryan" docDate="2015" docId="174487A9385FD76339E3D981B6D5FDF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03999p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3999 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synallactes viridilimus Cherbonnier 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="EB7DFFD13853D7733974DC1AB43AFF96" masterDocTitle="On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698613662619" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5DEF89D6BADE57190F16C8152E33745D">On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A351C2D79FBF0A169A095E03B1B772E1">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="77D3E19C776CE2917E2C1715278A7A8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="174487A9385FD76339E3D981B6D5FDF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107334" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127692682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:174487A9385FD76339E3D981B6D5FDF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/174487A9385FD76339E3D981B6D5FDF6" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="D7F76534385FD77F39E3D981B5B3FA40" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385FD77F39E3D981B6A3FA23" blockId="12.[151,665,1435,1494]" box="[151,665,1435,1461]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="C41A81D3385FD77F39E3D981B6A3FA23" bold="true" box="[151,665,1435,1461]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385FD77F39E3D981B6A3FA23" authority="Cherbonnier, 1952" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,665,1435,1461]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385FD77F39E3D981B6A3FA23" bold="true" box="[151,665,1435,1461]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385FD77F39E3D981B593FA23" bold="true" box="[151,425,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Synallactes viridilimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385FD77F38C4D981B6A3FA23" author="Cherbonnier" box="[432,665,1435,1461]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385FD77F39E3D9A7B5B3FA40" blockId="12.[151,665,1435,1494]" box="[151,393,1469,1494]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
(
<tableCitation id="D26F0304385FD77F39EAD9A7B4CFFA40" box="[158,245,1469,1494]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,202,1507]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution records and size variations of ossicles of S. viridilimus from three different collections." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" tableUuid="CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39">Table 3</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="07D62A3A385FD77F3875D9A7B577FA40" box="[257,333,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[201,1389,222,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[192,1395,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Synallactes viridilimus Cherbonnier, 1952. A 31395. A. Dorsal body wall tables; B. Ventral body wall tables; C. Tentacle rods; D. Tube feet rods; E. Polian vesicle; F. Calcareous ring (Figures A – D, scale a; figures E – F, scale b)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289208/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="07D62A3A385FD77F3805D9A4B5BAFA40" box="[369,384,1470,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Synallactes viridilimus Cherbonnier, 1952. A 31395, A. Body wall crosses; B. Body wall tables; C. Dorsal body wall table; D. Complete and partially complete discs of crosses / tables; E. Tube feet rods; F. Papillae rods; G. Large tentacle rods; H. Small tentacle rods; I. Specimen entire, courtesy Lara Atkinson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289209/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D7F76534385FD77F39E3DA1FB15FF98D" box="[151,1381,1541,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385FD77F39E3DA1FB15FF98D" blockId="12.[151,1381,1541,1563]" box="[151,1381,1541,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFD1191385FD77F39E3DA1FB15FF98D" box="[151,1381,1541,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385FD77F39E3DA1FB64DF98D" authority="Cherbonnier, 1952: 473" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityPageNumber="473" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,631,1541,1563]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385FD77F39E3DA1FB544F98D" box="[151,382,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Synallactes viridilimus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE385FD77F38F0DA1FB64DF98D" author="Cherbonnier" box="[388,631,1541,1563]" page="473" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385FD77F38F0DA1FB67FF98D" author="Cherbonnier" box="[388,581,1541,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier, 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 473
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 35, figs. 1–17, pl. 36, figs. 16–17;?
<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE385FD77F3D7CDA1FB0FCF98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107348" author="Thandar" box="[1032,1222,1541,1563]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE2087C7F50A8768A0ADF34C922D592F" page="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385FD77F3D7CDA1FB09AF98D" author="Thandar" box="[1032,1184,1541,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 43
</treatmentCitation>
, 46–48, fig. 17.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F76534385FD77F39E3DA5DB6CBF9F6" box="[151,753,1607,1632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385FD77F39E3DA5DB6CBF9F6" blockId="12.[151,1437,1607,2029]" box="[151,753,1607,1632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385FD77F39E3DA5DB530F9F6" bold="true" box="[151,266,1607,1632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(See
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385FD77F383EDA5DB62DF9F6" author="Cherbonnier" box="[330,535,1607,1632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier 1952</bibRefCitation>
, Solis-Marin 2003)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F76534385FD77F39B3DA76B111F931" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385FD77F39B3DA76B111F931" blockId="12.[151,1437,1607,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385FD77F39B3DA76B597F913" bold="true" box="[199,429,1644,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Material examined</emphasis>
. A31395, West Coast Survey 2011, between the Cape Peninsula and Cape Town,
<geoCoordinate id="FAD95078385FD77F3C01DA76B4D6F93E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" precision="9" value="-33.561165">33° 33.67'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FAD95078385FD77F398CDA8AB5B7F93E" box="[248,397,1679,1704]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" precision="1" value="17.41895">17° 25.137'E</geoCoordinate>
, DemersalTrawl 036-5119, Cruise
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F3A60DA8AB7AFF931" box="[788,917,1679,1704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.70584" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="270.584">270, 584 m</quantity>
,
<date id="EB53107F385FD77F3AD5DA8AB018F93E" box="[929,1058,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" value="2011-01-23">23/01/2011</date>
, Lara Atkinson, 1 spec.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F76534385FD77C39B3DAAEB1BAF9E0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385FD77F39B3DAAEB004F87B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1607,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385FD77F39B3DAAEB563F95B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1716,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Description.</emphasis>
Form subcylindrical, slightly arched dorsally, flattened ventrally. Body wall thick, rough. Live colouration purple, purple to grey in alcohol. Length
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F3B92DACDB779F979" box="[742,835,1751,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
in life,
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F3AECDAC2B7CEF979" box="[920,1012,1752,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="128.0">128 mm</quantity>
in alcohol, preserved mid-body diam.
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F39E3DAE6B4D0F882" box="[151,234,1788,1813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
. Mouth ventral, anus terminal. Tentacles 20, peltate, encircling mouth with upper semi-circle portion in a single row, lower semi-circle portion in a double row, off-white to yellow in alcohol. Tube feet short, retractile,
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F3CF4DB3AB4E4F8CA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1– 5 mm</quantity>
long, in 2–3 longitudinal rows within each ambulacrum, sometimes irregular, distributed in a zigzag formation, from ventral to lateral surface; ambulacra diverge anteriorly but coalesce posteriorly, those of midventral ambulacrum extending to anus but stopping
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F3BABDB96B71AF832" box="[735,800,1932,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
short of mouth. Papillae dorsal and dorso-lateral, in five indistinct or zigzag rows, arising from large (
<quantity id="58159B5A385FD77F3BE4DBAAB6D4F85E" box="[656,750,1968,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1–8 mm</quantity>
) wart-like protruberances, long and slender or reduced; some special papillae surround anus dorsally and mouth mid-dorsally and dorso-laterally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39" ID-Table-UUID="CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39" box="[151,1333,152,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[159,1427,202,1507]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39" blockId="13.[151,1333,152,175]" box="[151,1333,152,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385ED77E39E3DC82B533FF39" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution records and size variations of ossicles of
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385ED77E3A39DC82B7E1FF39" box="[845,987,152,175]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385ED77E3A39DC82B7E1FF39" box="[845,987,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">S. viridilimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from three different collections.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385ED77E39EBDD09B128FA75" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<table id="EDEDC41F385E288C39EBDCD0B1A9FA75" box="[159,1427,202,1507]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<tr id="21DD34FD385E288C39EBDCD0B1A9FE12" box="[159,1427,202,388]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<th id="620C5D81385E288C39EBDCD0B591FE12" box="[159,427,202,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Form</th>
<th id="620C5D81385E288C38BADCD0B738FE12" box="[462,770,202,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385ED77E38BADCD1B63BFF69" authority="Cherbonnier, 1952" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1952" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385ED77E38BADCD1B66FFF76" box="[462,597,202,224]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">S. viridilimus</emphasis>
Cherbonnier, 1952
</taxonomicName>
subcylindrical, dorsally arched slightly, ventrally flattened, mouth and anus ventral, skin thick and rough
</th>
<th id="620C5D81385E288C3A63DCD0B075FE12" box="[791,1103,202,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385ED77E3A63DCD1B7A4FF76" box="[791,926,202,224]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385ED77E3A63DCD1B7A4FF76" box="[791,926,202,224]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">S. viridilimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(of Thandar 2008) form as for type but skin thin and anus terminal
</th>
<th id="620C5D81385E288C3D2BDCD0B1A9FE12" box="[1119,1427,202,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385ED77E3D2BDCD1B0DCFF76" box="[1119,1254,202,224]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385ED77E3D2BDCD1B0DCFF76" box="[1119,1254,202,224]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">S. viridilimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(current spec.) form as for type but skin thin and anus terminal
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="21DD34FD385E288C39EBDDACB1A9FD74" box="[159,1427,438,738]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<th id="620C5D81385E288C39EBDDACB591FD74" box="[159,427,438,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Length (preserved state) Depth Number of tentacles Papillae</th>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C38BADDACB738FD74" box="[462,770,438,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">145 mm 522 m 20 dorsal papillae in 5–6 regular rows but due to body contraction, not possible to determine if rows limited to radii; anal papillae not mentioned</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3A63DDACB075FD74" box="[791,1103,438,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">150 mm 425 m, 450 m 18 restricted to dorsal and ventro- lateral surfaces, in 6 rows, papillae 2–9 mm, anal papillae absent</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3D2BDDACB1A9FD74" box="[1119,1427,438,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">128 mm 584 m 20 in zigzag distribution, extending from dorsal to lateral surface, in 5 rows, papillae 1–8 mm, anal papillae present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="21DD34FD385E288C39EBDF0EB1A9FC32" box="[159,1427,788,932]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<th id="620C5D81385E288C39EBDF0EB591FC32" box="[159,427,788,932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Tube feet</th>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C38BADF0EB738FC32" box="[462,770,788,932]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">in 2 rows along ventro-laterals radii, 4 rows mid-ventrally</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3A63DF0EB075FC32" box="[791,1103,788,932]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">in two zigzag rows in ventro- lateral radii, 2–4 zigzag rows mid-ventrally, mid-venral tube feet stop 15 mm short of mouth</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3D2BDF0EB1A9FC32" box="[1119,1427,788,932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">in 2–3 zigzag rows extending to dorso-laterally, sometimes scattered, mid-ventral tube feet stop 4 mm short of mouth</td>
</tr>
<tr id="21DD34FD385E288C39EBDFCCB1A9FB06" box="[159,1427,982,1168]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<th id="620C5D81385E288C39EBDFCCB591FB06" box="[159,427,982,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Number of Polian vesicles Dorsal body wall ossicles</th>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C38BADFCCB738FB06" box="[462,770,982,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2 large table discs 243–347 µm; large table spires 108–113 µm</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3A63DFCCB075FB06" box="[791,1103,982,1168]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">1 large table discs 175–315 µm; large table spires 75–100 µm; smaller table discs 45–100 µm, small table spires 45–50 µm</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3D2BDFCCB1A9FB06" box="[1119,1427,982,1168]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">2 large unbranched 3-armed tables 130–340 µm, dichotomously branched tables 180–330 µm, spires 70–140 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="21DD34FD385E288C39EBD8D8B1A9FAC5" box="[159,1427,1218,1363]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<th id="620C5D81385E288C39EBD8D8B591FAC5" box="[159,427,1218,1363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Ventral body wall ossicles</th>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C38BAD8D8B738FAC5" box="[462,770,1218,1363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">large table discs 100–191 µm, large table spires 52–78 µm; smaller table discs 52–82 µm, small table spires 60–65 µm</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3A63D8D8B075FAC5" box="[791,1103,1218,1363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">large table discs 145–265 µm, large table spires (ca. 100 µm); smaller table discs 50–70 µm, small table spires high relative to arms</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3D2BD8D8B1A9FAC5" box="[1119,1427,1218,1363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">large table discs 150–290 µm, large table spires 50–90 µm; smaller table discs 70–140 µm; small table spires 20–50 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="21DD34FD385E288C39EBD99FB1A9FA75" box="[159,1427,1413,1507]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<th id="620C5D81385E288C39EBD99FB591FA75" box="[159,427,1413,1507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Tube feet rods Tentacle rods</th>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C38BAD99FB738FA75" box="[462,770,1413,1507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">up to 857 µm 414–914 µm</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3A63D99FB075FA75" box="[791,1103,1413,1507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">215–825 µm small rods 60–180 µm, large rods 245–915 µm</td>
<td id="620C5D81385E288C3D2BD99FB1A9FA75" box="[1119,1427,1413,1507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">330–890 µm small rods 110–330 µm, large rods 550–780 µm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385ED77E39B3DA3DB69EF946" blockId="13.[151,1437,1575,1853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
Specimen eviscerated, major part of gut and respiratory trees lost. Plates of calcareous ring fragile, weakly fused, notched posteriorly, radial plates larger, more deeply notched posteriorly, irregularly undulate anteriorly, interradial plates with triangular anterior projection. Stone canal short (
<quantity id="58159B5A385ED77E3AAEDA6AB01EF91E" box="[986,1060,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
), madreporite attached to dorsal mesentery. Polian vesicles two, one large, elongate (
<quantity id="58159B5A385ED77E3B8CDA8EB774F93A" box="[760,846,1684,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
), other much smaller (
<quantity id="58159B5A385ED77E3D23DA8EB09BF93A" box="[1111,1185,1684,1708]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
). Gonad of long, fine branched tubules. Longitudinal muscles broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385ED77C39B3DAC6B5E9FA54" blockId="13.[151,1437,1575,1853]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,1305,2014]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
Body wall ossicles comprise tables. Dorsal tables of two
<typeStatus id="4056881D385ED77E3A3CDAC7B7BDF963" box="[840,903,1757,1781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">types</typeStatus>
: large (disc diam. 130–340 µm), 3-armed, arms unbranched, with irregular perforated ends; other tables smaller (disc diam.180–330 µm), 3–4 armed, arms dichotomously branched, multilocular, sometimes fused to form an almost complete disc. Spire height of dorsal tables 70–140 µm), ends bifurcate, with or without terminal hole. Ventral tables identical to those of dorsal surface and also of two sizes: small, 3–4 armed, arms unbranched or branched dichotomously with branches sometimes fused to form complete disc (70–140 µm), and others large, 3–4 armed, with dichotomously branched arms which sometimes fuse but never really form a full disc (150–290 µm). Spire of ventral tables 20–90 µm). Anal region with no specialised ossicles.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CB926637385DD77D39E3DBBBB12DF840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289208/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[201,1389,222,1909]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385DD77D39E3DBBBB12DF840" blockId="14.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385DD77D39E3DBBBB52EF820" bold="true" box="[151,276,1953,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385DD77D3868DBBBB6F4F821" authority="Cherbonnier, 1952" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1952" box="[284,718,1953,1975]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385DD77D3868DBBBB63FF821" box="[284,517,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Synallactes viridilimus</emphasis>
Cherbonnier, 1952
</taxonomicName>
. A31395. A. Dorsal body wall tables; B. Ventral body wall tables; C. Tentacle rods; D. Tube feet rods; E. Polian vesicle; F. Calcareous ring (Figures A–D, scale a; figures E–F, scale b)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CB926637385CD77C39E3D880B743FB7B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289209/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385CD77C39E3D880B743FB7B" blockId="15.[151,1436,1178,1261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385CD77C39E3D880B52EFB39" bold="true" box="[151,276,1178,1200]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C385CD77C3868D880B6F4FB26" authority="Cherbonnier, 1952" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1952" box="[284,718,1178,1200]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385CD77C3868D880B63FFB26" box="[284,517,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Synallactes viridilimus</emphasis>
Cherbonnier, 1952
</taxonomicName>
. A31395, A. Body wall crosses; B. Body wall tables; C. Dorsal body wall table; D. Complete and partially complete discs of crosses/tables; E. Tube feet rods; F. Papillae rods; G. Large tentacle rods; H. Small tentacle rods; I. Specimen entire, courtesy Lara Atkinson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385CD77C39B3D9D7B1BAF9E0" blockId="15.[151,1437,1305,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Tube feet rods large (330–890 µm), straight or curved, spinous, sometimes terminally bifurcate with perforations at one or both ends, sometimes with lateral projections with or without perforations. Papillae ossicles mainly composed of small tables and spinous rods identical to those of tube feet. Tentacle rods of two sizes: small, 110–330 µm, spinous, curved, sometimes bifurcate terminally, with or without a hole at one or both ends; and large, 550–780 µm, also spinous, with 1–4 holes, usually without side projections but with spines at extremities.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F76534385CD77C39B3DA9BB035F90F" box="[199,1039,1665,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385CD77C39B3DA9BB035F90F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1305,2014]" box="[199,1039,1665,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385CD77C39B3DA9BB563F90C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1665,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the west coast of
<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F385CD77C3B8DDA9BB7B6F90C" box="[761,908,1665,1690]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="58159B5A385CD77C3AE3DA9BB031F90F" box="[919,1035,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" metricValueMax="5.84" metricValueMin="0.42" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="313.0" valueMax="584.0" valueMin="42.0">
42–
<specimenCount id="89EBFD36385CD77C3AB5DA9BB031F90F" box="[961,1035,1665,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="generic">584 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F76534385CD76339B3DABFB6D5FDF6" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385CD77C39B3DABFB10BF800" blockId="15.[151,1437,1305,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD385CD77C39B3DABFB501F928" bold="true" box="[199,315,1701,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimen in the current collection is almost identical to that described by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385CD77C3DC9DABFB1A6F928" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1213,1436,1701,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier (1952)</bibRefCitation>
but differs in texture and consistency of body wall from that described by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385CD77C3D60DAD3B0F1F974" author="Thandar" box="[1044,1227,1737,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. Variations in the external and internal features, including ossicles dimensions are tabulated in
<tableCitation id="D26F0304385CD77C3D70DAF7B061F890" box="[1028,1115,1773,1798]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,202,1507]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution records and size variations of ossicles of S. viridilimus from three different collections." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="CB926637385ED77E39E3DC82B10FFF39">Table 3</tableCitation>
. All three samples originate from the west coast of
<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F385CD77C38EEDB0BB617F8BC" box="[410,557,1809,1834]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, at more or less similar depth and are similar with few variations. The current specimen differs from that described by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385CD77C3B2ADB2FB734F8D8" author="Thandar" box="[606,782,1845,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar (2008)</bibRefCitation>
in the presence anal papillae, the number of tentacles and Polian vesicles and the arrangement of tube feet but very close to the
<typeStatus id="4056881D385CD77C3AAEDB40B030F8E4" box="[986,1034,1882,1906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E385CD77C3DC7DB43B1A2F8E4" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1203,1432,1881,1906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier (1952)</bibRefCitation>
. However, contrary to the
<typeStatus id="4056881D385CD77C38C1DB65B5DFF801" box="[437,485,1919,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
and Thandar’s specimen small tables are absent from the dorsal body wall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF385CD76339B3DBBBB578FF6E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1305,2014]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">The discs of the large ventral tables of Cherbonnier’s specimen are noticeably smaller than those reported by Thandar and in the current material, although the spire height appears to be similar. The smaller ventral table discs in the current specimen are also larger than those recorded by both the authors, but the spires of the smaller tables are higher. The tentacle and tube feet rods are variable in size but Cherbonnier did not differentiate between large and small rods.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3843D76339B3DD1FB6D5FDF6" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
However, ossicle size can vary due to age and individual and local variations. Despite this, the current material is referred to
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3843D763384FDD32B5EFFED6" box="[315,469,295,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3843D763384FDD32B5EFFED6" box="[315,469,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">S. viridilimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without any doubt, based on similarities of external and internal features and the resemblance of the ossicles to those of the
<typeStatus id="4056881D3843D7633B02DD56B6E2FEF3" box="[630,728,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and Thandar’s (2008) specimens. This species also bears some semblance to the Sub-Antarctic
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3843D7633B70DD6AB69AFE1E" box="[516,672,367,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3843D7633B70DD6AB69AFE1E" box="[516,672,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">S. challengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the appearance of branched cruciform bodies in which the arms also sometimes anastomose forming a complete disc (see
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3843D7633A20DD8EB7D4FE3A" author="Massin" box="[852,1006,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" refString="Massin, C. (1992) Holothurians (Echinodermata) from Marion and Prince Edward Islands: new and little-known species. Zoologica Scripta, 21 (3), 311 - 324. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1992. tb 00333. x" type="journal article" year="1992">Massin 1992</bibRefCitation>
). However, in Thandar’s (2008) reexamination of the
<typeStatus id="4056881D3843D7633807DDA2B599FE46" box="[371,419,440,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3843D76338BEDDA2B65CFE46" box="[458,614,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3843D76338BEDDA2B65CFE46" box="[458,614,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">S. challengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no small tables with complete discs were observed. There were also no complete discs in cf.
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3843D76338E0DDC7B609FE63" box="[404,563,476,501]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="challengeri">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3843D76338E0DDC7B609FE63" box="[404,563,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">S. challengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described herein. Other differences between these two species include the variation of ossicles found in different body regions, the distribution of tube feet, papillae and the branching of the gonad. Since Thandar’s
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3843D76338D3DE3FB606FDAB" box="[423,572,548,573]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3843D76338D3DE3FB606FDAB" box="[423,572,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">S. viridilimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs substantially in the texture and consistency of the body wall it is here doubtfully referred to the synonymy of
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3843D7633B26DE52B6D5FDF6" box="[594,751,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3843D7633B26DE52B6D1FDF6" box="[594,747,583,608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="viridilimus">S. viridilimus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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