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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-207-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="29CD4EF8FB525DBAA022DF25CDB649C9" ModsDocID="1314-2003-207-1" checkinTime="1663699675791" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure" docDate="2022" docId="0F46348A411CB0578FBE59C4022D38E2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 207: 1-532" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 207" docPubDate="2022-09-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432" docTitle="Piptostigma Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="29CD4EF8FB525DBAA022DF25CDB649C9" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="29CD4EF8FB525DBAA022DF25CDB649C9" masterDocTitle="Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45" masterLastPageNumber="532" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1663699675791" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Couvreur, Thomas L. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>IRD, DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France &amp; Universite de Yaounde I, Ecole Normale Superieure, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systematique et d'Ecologie, B. P. 047, Yaounde, Cameroon &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-1544</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>IRD, DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Crozier, Francoise</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>IRD, DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ghogue, Jean-Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universite de Yaounde I, Ecole Normale Superieure, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systematique et d'Ecologie, B. P. 047, Yaounde, Cameroon &amp; Green Connexion, Environmental Group, siege face GP Melen, a cote de l'immeuble Palais des verres. Yaounde, Cameroun</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hoekstra, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kamdem, Narcisse G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universite de Yaounde I, Ecole Normale Superieure, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systematique et d'Ecologie, B. P. 047, Yaounde, Cameroon</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-7419</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sonke, Bonaventure</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-3603</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universite de Yaounde I, Ecole Normale Superieure, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systematique et d'Ecologie, B. P. 047, Yaounde, Cameroon</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-09-20</mods:number>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName authority="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158, 1864" authorityName="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158" authorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Piptostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptostigma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piptostigma Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158, 1864</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Phaeanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaeanthus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">= Phaeanthus</taxonomicName>
Hook. f. &amp; Thoms. sect.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158" authorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Piptostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptostigma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piptostigma</taxonomicName>
(Oliv.) Baillon Hist. Pl. 4: 287 1878.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 159" authorityYear="1964" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Piptostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptostigma pilosum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Piptostigma pilosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Oliv.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Trees, 1-20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 21 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-11 mm long, 1-6 mm in diameter; blade 7-66 cm long, 3-3 cm wide, ovate or elliptic or obovate or oblong, apex acuminate to emarginate, acumen 0.2-2.7 cm long, base cordate to decurrent, blade inserted on top of the petiole,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">discolorous</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">whitish below</emphasis>
; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 14 to 65 pairs;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">tertiary venation percurrent</emphasis>
. Inflorescence variable in length from compact to lax, composed of a peduncle like base and axial internodes. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, 1 to 28 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-20 mm long; in fruit 9-25 mm long; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-12 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; petals free, valvate,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">outer petals shorter than inner</emphasis>
; outer petals 3, 5-28 mm long, 1.5-11 mm wide, elliptic or ovate or obovate, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-80 mm long, 4-20 mm wide, elliptic or ovate, apex acute, base truncate; stamens numerous, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid; staminodes absent; carpels free, 1 to 15, ovary 1-3 mm long, stigma globose or lobed. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 6, 13-65 mm long, 8-40 mm in diameter, globose to oblong, apex acute or rounded or cuspidate; seeds biseriate, 1-15 mm long, 2-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A genus of 13 species from West and Central Africa (no species yet known from East Africa); all species are present in Cameroon, six endemic, making it the center of diversity for this genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158" authorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Piptostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptostigma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Piptostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wild., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 383" authorityYear="1914" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Brieya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brieya" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brieya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wild., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 383" authorityYear="1914" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
genera in Cameroon with longer inner petals than outer.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158" authorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Piptostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptostigma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Piptostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has spectacular inflorescences that are unique among Cameroonian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158" authorityYear="1864" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
. They appear complex, but are in fact simple and, the different inflorescence types are an important character to identify species. First, inflorescences appear to be
<normalizedToken originalValue="“stalked”">&quot;stalked&quot;</normalizedToken>
, that is they have a short woody peduncle at the based on the inflorescence structure and is probably the result of fallen old inflorescences. This peduncle is variable in length. Then follows the indeterminate part or sympodial rachis, which contains axial internodes variable in length. Different lengths between the internodes will lead to different overall aspects of the inflorescence. Following
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137" author="Ghogue, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 216" refId="B125" refString="Ghogue, J-P, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 150: 173 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137" title="Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137" volume="150" year="2017">Ghogue et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="TAXON" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B187" refString="Maas, PJM, Westra, LYTH, Chatrou, LW, 2003. Duguetia. Flora Neotropica Monograph 88. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1-275." title="Duguetia. Flora Neotropica Monograph 88. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1 - 275." year="2003">Maas et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
we can distinguish three types:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">compact: internodes are shorter than 1 cm giving a very compact appearance to the inflorescence.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lax or sub-lax: internodes are between 1 and 4 cm long, leading to more or less long inflorescences. This is found in most species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">panicle-like: internodes between 5 and 10.5 cm long leading to long pendant inflorescences.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We shall refer to these terms in the descriptions below and the key. Finally, we end up with the pedicel and flower
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">per se</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137" author="Ghogue, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 216" refId="B125" refString="Ghogue, J-P, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 150: 173 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137" title="Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137" volume="150" year="2017">Ghogue et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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