plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/2D/E6/5E/2DE65E5583645499B38EF5BB21C98675.xml

218 lines
34 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="54713" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bdbda4ca-7ebb-41c9-afa3-2066664a1552" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-211" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840" ID-ZooBank="921F39DA40BB47968E362194D1E9A138" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-2-211" checkinTime="1687815010481" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yamamoto, Shuhei" docDate="2023" docId="2DE65E5583645499B38EF5BB21C98675" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(2): 211-235" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (2)" docPubDate="2023-06-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597" docTitle="Mitophyllus Parry 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840" masterDocTitle="The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1732689453509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="534994E6D940FAEFDF1A5E0A365A73B6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AFC949C100EB384D0AB0EB09DDE2F2C0">
<mods:title id="4E3D23C7B2CA7CCB8C6413D2755A8B88">The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8C74FC300C091E13F89C66F06C434ED8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E4F4F229869A0B36F92F88415DE09C77">
<mods:roleTerm id="CF326D0ABB6265ABA1AE2EA9E352F636">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13C156DF0044A715A62A4D906EB6A315">Yamamoto, Shuhei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5E49C3FD11616FBE3A6143FC4E397DB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-8457</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0940EA9C09C7BA12B26FDD61F6BCA4D5">The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 - jo, Nishi 8 - chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7B0DA86B747D2C16C11614B2E397A8B" type="email">s.yamamoto.64@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="406B2F86ABEC80EE67B47DD43E96B193">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C7019B9513730D5870FCAECCAA4FA3ED" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9DD4804CF9D2F2F666CAE26DBCD2907A">
<mods:title id="15287C551777C7254079AD4D69153381">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7CE22FBD3CB0B7A3316B01B1D97BB953">
<mods:date id="E4898620654F73A00402764400A3B280">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DA3201E9D4CEFB590E66D88F06287B33" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1660F8019A84000D54A63FBE1D5B599F">2023-06-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="080267C084AC3449851714892F7C7196" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A1181EF2D8512ACB7D0D8B4CC6078DB7">7</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="99B126391B62287DED37DDA6CD14A8D0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9C38062DDD7C9C528654293018E01450">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="735951FCB333C5FFCFFE391E14F512F3" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5EE3086F86E272D26CB9A8D6A698C10D">211</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2A76C88CF9519E2F1799BDD917632E08">235</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="7DE88B4BCBB6317119180F89D0459D05">
<mods:url id="24A38FFF33DA153149F893A2C832FCBA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="B6706D7F8A774436FC47EE72CD53C8F4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="216FC62CFB05968B4BE9F62A3A86B25A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1235F14ABB98898E693630D73E5D9B59" type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-211</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1C41086ADA845FDC698EB4CB9411B351" type="ZooBank">921F39DA40BB47968E362194D1E9A138</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D2532BC6DEDD927E0AF53BA07200BB75" type="Pensoft-UUID">2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2DE65E5583645499B38EF5BB21C98675" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210478293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2DE65E5583645499B38EF5BB21C98675" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2DE65E5583645499B38EF5BB21C98675" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" scope_family="Lucanidae" scope_genus="Cretognathus" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Aesalinae" scope_superFamily="Scarabaeoidea" scope_tribe="Ceratognathini">
<subSubSection id="4540F31174FD1BDC360A2E9F18C29DEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="02AFBFCA7552392ED3C21D1F0DEDA088" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="57685B36347E01693FF20B00D6729AED" ID-CoL="KPK" LSID="2DE65E55-8364-5499-B38E-F5BB21C98675" authority="gen. et sp. indet. 1" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1C9B72A483EF287A50C89152C24B4E38" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="E6DA74B0CCDAD7AC1B78F83AD16A374F" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<figureCitation id="6DA0D575252FAA214E82DD7F538AE88D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General view of amber pieces with lucanid inclusions. A, B. Protonicagus mandibularis sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121205, showing dorsal (A) or lateral (B) views of the holotype; C. Cretognathus minutissimus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121206; D. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207; E. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A, B); 1.0 cm (C); 5.0 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868859" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D16675721AC4DB09DD743F8653DD3984" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8F4A27A4C9706789E4CF3FB9A9E3B20A" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">, 12.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7EF2D2DC07A775C811E55EA40B205023" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="385A1392D4F17597EBFE92EE5632EF3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81D5E0C52CA04D00D39E274F95C71A07" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<specimenCount id="F57F570666645CFF66DBC4AEB193BE7F" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(sex undertemined), a complete adult preserved in a narrowly elongate yellowish amber, approximately
<quantity id="0DE75A82BFE12991151E1833FDE527BA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="E0AAB45DA617624CB1BB562731E4418A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="F4F879978DED5BB09C2EA6757B54E13B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="39ABF7973C46989DE3DB83B771991EA8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="2CE2C1B4FC2455293C31F4BD01A2AAD3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
in size (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1CF2A4DBEB35747FEB41525795A7C8A0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General view of amber pieces with lucanid inclusions. A, B. Protonicagus mandibularis sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121205, showing dorsal (A) or lateral (B) views of the holotype; C. Cretognathus minutissimus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121206; D. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207; E. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A, B); 1.0 cm (C); 5.0 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868859" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">1D</figureCitation>
); specimen accession number SEHU-0000121207, housed in HUM. The specimen is poorly preserved. The body is noticeably deformed and squashed, although the amber is transparent without pigmentation (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F89D4DEA3DA1F5ED7EBACDFFD7452DD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11</figureCitation>
). Due to the heavily modified condition of the specimen, it was impossible to make a detailed comparison or accurate measurements of each body part; consequently, only the body length was measured.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CA97B519C7997F366FA4F93A80D76B31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="BA4A4F8CB1C9FDC0000D9F51F7162426" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="D9867797BCACBDF9D09629C5ADAD1574" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Figure 11.</emphasis>
General habitus of
<taxonomicName id="764F9B5E5F526426F6A6FB10403DE32D" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU-0000121207.
<emphasis id="0303816982E9A20C6018CB965E780BE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A.</emphasis>
Dorsal view;
<emphasis id="9BE5A8A3DA6485381B31519E514C842E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">B.</emphasis>
Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBC109E1050D4246987010B07736FC3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="locality and horizon">
<paragraph id="E49279F381F5CB2FBD7ED6A08F57DF8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Locality and horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E97FBA475BEFC50B63F80918BB0C66A" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
Hukawng Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="2E5724A7F51DD56308F982F7AA18C4BB" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="26.333334">26°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F96B77AEB6AAB8AB09EAD6E9F185CB47" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="96.6">96°36'E</geoCoordinate>
), Kachin State, northern Myanmar; unnamed horizon, mid-Cretaceous, Upper Albian to Lower Cenomanian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="285964460DF74AB732C0CBCFC6C93AE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="2BCA4BCFD4DBE4BFB9BD5B64FAC3E4D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1CE796BD1576D953A32772E7B985C629" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
Details of ventral side not well observable. Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CBE813725FA6A03D3AFBF18F53225CC1" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11</figureCitation>
) small, narrowly elongate, subparallel sided, 2.78 mm long (measured from anterior margin of head to apex of elytra). Color uniformly dark brown. Dorsal and ventral surfaces heavily modified, probably due to the fossilization process, without neither setae nor modified scales. Head (Fig.
<figureCitation id="45007B5193B149E6ABBE4C3BF0EE35D0" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12A</figureCitation>
) very small, transverse. Antenna (Fig.
<figureCitation id="005C9CF77D01B2460CEC3AA761CC1BE1" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12B-D</figureCitation>
) seemingly 10-segmented (provisional interpretation shown in Fig.
<figureCitation id="DA8FE5AE5CE68C0125B7BF8506587267" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12B, D</figureCitation>
) with three-segmented small club (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DB453E3949A7BFC41721762A8359A2A3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Details of Protonicagus mandibularis sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121205. A. Head with left antenna, dorsal view; B. Head, dorsolateral view; C. Pronotum, left lateral half, dorsal view; D. Pronotum, dorsolateral view; E. Elytral base with shoulder, dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10; ey, compound eye; lb, labrum; lp 3, labial palpomere 3; md, mandible; mp 3 - 4, maxillary palpomeres 3 - 4; pn, pronotum; pom, preocular margin of head; rsp, row of setae along outer margin of pronotum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868861" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">3A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC83E637CC554547B0D4FBB08B0C7AC4" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11A</figureCitation>
) slightly wider than long, with arcuate lateral margins. Procoxal cavities (Fig.
<figureCitation id="78D458AF362F2C838C3D5CB8C03FC591" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11B</figureCitation>
) probably subcontiguous. Elytra (Fig.
<figureCitation id="43284B86BC9A06FE29C2AC3A704F2DFA" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11A</figureCitation>
) complete, narrowly elongate, nearly subparallel-sided. Legs (Figs
<figureCitation id="2F438AEF88DA4248341E4B0AA370B771" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3E03C9238F304DF5BE42F2FACCDCB0D9" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12B, E-G</figureCitation>
) relatively short. Protibia (Figs
<figureCitation id="F4D879DC2F0098C6C8404BD036DC0D71" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. General habitus of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868869" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E4377870541489C09817AB5F20B27C09" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12B, E, F</figureCitation>
) slender, flattened, moderately curved, gradually widened apically, with one large apical spur; external margin armed with three strong teeth in apical half, i.e., apical tooth (
<emphasis id="84E786890F309B627B71A59166DC6A68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">at</emphasis>
) and mid-dorsal teeth 1-2 (
<emphasis id="0067A8C5628CA84757AE3C26784E5FB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">mdt1</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="0CD905D24CE049CC05BAD1764D78BE2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">2</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="E12233C3F414E2A7D7967C7F104C09C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A39CEAC2ED1906ACD97000926994603" author="Holloway, BA" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 254" refId="B22" refString="Holloway, BA, 2007. Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 61: 1 - 254" title="Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="61" year="2007">Holloway 2007</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1), with about 5 short and subcontiguous tooth-like spines before mid-dorsal tooth 1, 5 between mid-dorsal tooth 1 and mid-dorsal tooth 2, and finally 5 between apical tooth and mid-dorsal tooth 2 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="56CECAD9926FC86BF1B571A95A65DBB8" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12B</figureCitation>
, arrow). All tarsi (Fig.
<figureCitation id="42C3341D990FD599077290EDEE1DBB11" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12B, E, G</figureCitation>
) 5-segmented, each slender and rather long. Arolium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="481EF30369D7C6183F40EA0184D21D15" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view; C. Right antenna, ventrolateral view; D. Left antenna, lateral view; E. Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view; F. Right protibia, dorsal view; G. Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a 1 - 10, antennomeres 1 - 10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt 1 - 5, metatarsomeres 1 - 5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A - F); 0.3 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">12E, G</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="7F77BFFA4B9798C6E45B2288E8CA5BF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">ra</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="8603A3B3D05BA4050C803A88E51CD751" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">sa</emphasis>
) developed, with short rod, bearing 2 bristles on its apex. Abdomen not well observable. Genitalia not visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C826BDF59356BA97F94BA3D6E741E86F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868870" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="F3B3434856A34052290A1E9E992FBE78" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="3949115D7596734EC626E8E2E15B962B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Details of
<taxonomicName id="FAE9D0C6DC13D8C2FF542387624B191E" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU-0000121207.
<emphasis id="47E7DF9FBC8D19E3D72FB71D73414374" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A.</emphasis>
Head, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="A3EDDC4F6C9970A04A55458BEBA50CB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">B.</emphasis>
Right antenna and apical part of right protibia with protarsus, ventral view;
<emphasis id="81F72032B55C27F5F525554F3F83D735" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">C.</emphasis>
Right antenna, ventrolateral view;
<emphasis id="F429D93776959DD30E77A37DC7AD4F95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">D.</emphasis>
Left antenna, lateral view;
<emphasis id="DDB9E45BC5BBA70C96C022D33F8748B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">E.</emphasis>
Right protibia and tarsus, ventrolateral view;
<emphasis id="A76F92228CA8F27B2E8901867D0DE0C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">F.</emphasis>
Right protibia, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="1FA0254AD6BFC7329A27A798F2F63755" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">G.</emphasis>
Mesotarsi and metatarsi, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: a1-10, antennomeres 1-10 (putative interpretation); as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; hd, head; mdt1-2, mid-dorsal teeth 1-2 of protibia; mst5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; mtt1-5, metatarsomeres 1-5; mtti, metatibia; pn, pronotum; pt1-5, protarsomeres 1-5; pti, protibia; ra, rod of arolium; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="5313F1358462A733E52221EC2ECEFDBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="A88964DB92A4398F183709781F375876" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">F</emphasis>
); 0.3 mm (
<emphasis id="4CD95E502388A01A3CF7B94F90A91CC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09CBDA23F94A05E8FA619157F9547428" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="systematic placement and comparison">
<paragraph id="F62E711C2578C55C6DFA16EA5F085349" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Systematic placement and comparison.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09D31E3542D1FD72054CFFBDDC480053" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
It is challenging to assign the new material to
<taxonomicName id="846475C0AF3DCF8D03BF96C20BE01926" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lucanidae</taxonomicName>
unambiguously based on the available morphology. I could not observe the details of the abdomen to clarify if it has five-free ventrites or clear antennal segmentation. These are important diagnostic features that define the family. However, it is best placed in
<taxonomicName id="8EEED957233C24DCA62242CCA178D625" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lucanidae</taxonomicName>
, more specifically the tribe
<taxonomicName id="ECAAD310858DA4159D3848071C0DE671" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
, based on the general habitus, 5-5-5 tarsal formula, antennae appearing 10-segmented (if correct) with three-segmented apical club, and the structures of legs including protibial outer edges with well-developed arolium between the pretarsal claws (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="A922DF0CE1F57A7D697C2489BB5F0335" author="Ratcliffe, BC" editor="Arnett, R" journalOrPublisher="II). Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" pagination="6 - 9" refId="B67" refString="Ratcliffe, BC, 2002. Lucanidae Latreille 1804. In: Arnett, R, Thomas, MC, Skelley, PE, Frank, JH, Eds., American Beetles (Vol. II). Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton: 6 - 9" title="Lucanidae Latreille 1804." volumeTitle="American Beetles (Vol." year="2002">Ratcliffe 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="65239100C69003A8B9FF4BD0B5C1E344" author="Holloway, BA" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 254" refId="B22" refString="Holloway, BA, 2007. Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 61: 1 - 254" title="Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="61" year="2007">Holloway 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1ADBDFE36482617B0946B37D0D203C42" author="Reid, C" editor="Ślipinski, A" journalOrPublisher="2). Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" pagination="391 - 416" refId="B68" refString="Reid, C, 2019. Lucanidae Latreille, 1804. In: Ślipinski, A, Lawrence, JF, Eds., Australian Beetles (Vol. 2). Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria: 391 - 416" title="Lucanidae Latreille, 1804." volumeTitle="Australian Beetles (Vol." year="2019">Reid 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The new specimen lacks modified scales and setae on the dorsal surface, as in
<taxonomicName id="63A4FBEA15CEE11FC4837C1FB146EFCA" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Oncelytris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncelytris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6658D6D5733FE9231EFB4AFCDE3F4BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Oncelytris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the two other Kachin amber ceratognathins recorded here. The extinct taxon is treated provisionally herein as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="E3EA8B266BE9746E97AEE8A119426D3A" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 1&quot; and can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="A74981BBC9A1E33E5BE16879F582AB0C" authorityName="Yamamoto" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cretognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretognathus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A0FAAF220DAAC9397164A06C31C3018" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Cretognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. by having a much smaller head and antennal club, more slender tarsi, and different protibial edges (slightly different arrangement of subcontiguous tooth-like spines and much wider mid-dorsal teeth). Moreover, this new specimen does not seem to be congeneric with &quot;
<taxonomicName id="D420235AD879C0FC6A1C4DCB3F5FFBA8" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 2&quot; by the distinctly smaller head and protibial morphology (shape, size, location, and number of the subequal tooth-like spines). Nevertheless, it is difficult to distinguish it from
<taxonomicName id="978193F214303F39DED10C04BF328D38" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Oncelytris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncelytris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E58DE0C3F7C9DD92D8EC8215E3ADF96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Oncelytris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the poor state of preservation of the fossil. In fact, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="69EFD9D37D5E82034B51F45DDB32C10D" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 1&quot; are greatly distorted, preventing the accuate observation of the head and elytra whether it possesses tubercles and protuberances on the dorsum or not (cf. Li Y-D et al. 2023). However, it is also noted that the protibiae of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="0B8F286F611ACE09714AB5185F190279" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 1&quot; is evidently arcuate, whereas those of
<taxonomicName id="69579AE2552F025F9BDE8876933CADE6" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Oncelytris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncelytris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF93EF5D848B1FFE351FE4B8859094E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Oncelytris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are linear, suggesting that they may belong to different genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink