plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/05/65/37/056537D414465376857865C28E957B14.xml
maintenance 92832fe647 added 05
2024-06-21 12:28:31 +02:00

464 lines
53 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244" ID-ZooBank="34F513BA207A4A4B952120F9F3BE046C" ModsDocID="2535-0730-6-2-175" checkinTime="1666388770642" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Castanheira, Pedro de Souza, Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira &amp; Oliveira, Francisca Samia Martins" docDate="2022" docId="056537D414465376857865C28E957B14" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 6(2): 175-210" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 6 (2)" docPubDate="2022-10-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418" docTitle="Tetragnatha nitens" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in South America, with a key to the species from Argentina and Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1666388770642" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Five new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in South America, with a key to the species from Argentina and Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Castanheira, Pedro de Souza</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia &amp; Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pedrocastanheira.bio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-5034</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Francisca Samia Martins</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-10-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>175</mods:start>
<mods:end>210</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-175</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">34F513BA207A4A4B952120F9F3BE046C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:056537D414465376857865C28E957B14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/056537D414465376857865C28E957B14" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName LSID="056537D4-1446-5376-8578-65C28E957B14" authority="(Audouin, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Tetragnatha nitens under T. americana, male. A. Left chelicera, inner view; B. Chelicerae, slanted lower view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760564" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figs 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Tetragnatha nitens under T. labialis, female lectotype (MNHN 4209). A. Left chelicera, upper view; B. Left chelicera, inner view; C. Left chelicera, lower view; D. Original label." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760565" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="extensa">Tetragnatha extensa</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1758): Nicolet, 1849: 516, plate 4, figs 5, 5a-d (female, misidentified).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Eugnatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Eugnatha nitens</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Audouin, V" journalOrPublisher="Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 339" refId="B5" refString="Audouin, V, 1826. Explication sommaire des planches d'arachnides de l'Egypte et de la Syrie. In: Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'expedition de l'armee franҫaise, publie par les ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Paris: Ed. Imprimerie Imperiale. Histoire Naturelle 1 (4): 1 - 339" title="Explication sommaire des planches d'arachnides de l'Egypte et de la Syrie. In: Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'expedition de l'armee franҫaise, publie par les ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Paris: Ed. Imprimerie Imperiale." volume="1" year="1826">Audouin 1826</bibRefCitation>
: 118, plate 2, fig. 2 (female).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Tetragnatha nitens</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Apteres" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 549" refId="B72" refString="Walckenaer, CA, 1841. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Paris. Apteres 2: 1 - 549, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" title="Histoire naturelle des Insects. Paris." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="2" year="1841">Walckenaer 1841</bibRefCitation>
: 209.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labialis">Tetragnatha labialis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet 1849</bibRefCitation>
: 520 (female). New Synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labialis">Tetragnatha labialis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Keyserling, E" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="799 - 856" refId="B37" refString="Keyserling, E, 1865. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 15: 799 - 856" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr." volume="15" year="1865">Keyserling 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 851, plate 21, figs 11-13 (male and female misidentified).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">Tetragnatha americana</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1896: CV-CVI (sex?), New Synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labialis">Tetragnatha labialis</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1896: CVII (sex?); 1902: 25; 1904: 94.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">Tetragnatha americana</taxonomicName>
: Simon, 1905: 10 (male, female, misidentified).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Type-material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Unspecified number of syntypes from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñaflor">Penaflor</normalizedToken>
, Santiago, Chile, Lataste Coll., MNHN?, MHNS?,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">presumed lost</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Unspecified number of adult female syntypes from Santiago, Chile, Nicolet Coll. (female MNHN 4209, herein designated as lectotype),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">examined</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="additional record">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Additional Record.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Chile - • 1 male from Punta Arenas (
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Simon det., MNHN 22312),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">examined</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a new name
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="63 - 70" refId="B65" refString="Simon, E, 1896. Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire. Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili 6: 63 - 70" title="Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire." volume="6" year="1896">Simon (1896</bibRefCitation>
, p. CV-CVI) applied to a species he considered as the same one misidentified as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and redescribed by
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet (1849</bibRefCitation>
, p. 516). He only added the following expression in a list of spiders from Chile assembled by F. Lataste: &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
E. Sim. (=
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nicolet)&quot;. Those specimens were collected in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñaflor">Penaflor</normalizedToken>
, Santiago, Chile, and deposited at the &quot;Museo Zoolojico de la Escuela de Medicina&quot;, currently the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile (MHNS, see
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz, CF" journalOrPublisher="Chile, Santiago, Ed. Centro de Investigaciones PEIP" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B23" refString="Diaz, CF, 2019. Naturalistas en el Chile Decimononico. Chile, Santiago, Ed. Centro de Investigaciones PEIP" title="Naturalistas en el Chile Decimononico." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
for additional information).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B68" refString="Simon, E, 1905. Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 20 (511): 1 - 18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" title="Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" volume="20" year="1905">Simon (1905</bibRefCitation>
, p. 10) applied again without any justification the name
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the species he considered as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu Nicolet, citing three females from Santa Cruz, Argentina. He listed
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu Nicolet under the title of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and included the bibliographical reference to the book, again without mentioning the examination of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolet’s">Nicolet's</normalizedToken>
specimens or any morphological character.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B68" refString="Simon, E, 1905. Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 20 (511): 1 - 18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" title="Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" volume="20" year="1905">Simon (1905)</bibRefCitation>
added that the specimens he had from Santa Cruz &quot;were not different from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Chile, where the species is very common&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Despite
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="63 - 70" refId="B65" refString="Simon, E, 1896. Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire. Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili 6: 63 - 70" title="Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire." volume="6" year="1896">Simon (1896</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B68" refString="Simon, E, 1905. Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 20 (511): 1 - 18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" title="Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" volume="20" year="1905">1905</bibRefCitation>
) not clearly stating that he intended to add a new replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu Nicolet, no previous citation to
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found after an analysis of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simon’s">Simon's</normalizedToken>
papers dealing with spiders from Chile. Following
<bibRefCitation author="Bonnet, P" journalOrPublisher="Memoires Couronnes et Memoires des Savants Etrangers de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B7" refString="Bonnet, P, 1959. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (5eme partie: T-Z). Douladoure, Toulouse, 4231-5058." title="Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (5 eme partie: T-Z). Douladoure, Toulouse, 4231 - 5058." year="1959">Bonnet (1959</bibRefCitation>
, sub &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1897&quot;, p. 4317) and against
<bibRefCitation author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="Natura, Buchhandlung fuer Naturkunde und exakte Wissenschaften Paul Budy Bremen" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B60" refString="Roewer, CF, 1942. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. 1. Band (Mesothelae, Orthognatha, Labidognatha: Dysderaeformia, Scytodiformia, Pholciformia, Zodariiformia, Hersiliaeformia, Argyopiformia). Natura, Buchhandlung fuer Naturkunde und exakte Wissenschaften Paul Budy Bremen" title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. 1. Band (Mesothelae, Orthognatha, Labidognatha: Dysderaeformia, Scytodiformia, Pholciformia, Zodariiformia, Hersiliaeformia, Argyopiformia)." year="1942">Roewer (1942</bibRefCitation>
, p. 988) and the
<bibRefCitation author="Wiehle, H" journalOrPublisher="Die Tierwelt Deutschlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B75" refString="2022. . http://wsc.nmbe.ch" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2022">World Spider Catalog (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, we consider 1896 and not 1905 as the year of the proposition of the new name
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The citation by
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="63 - 70" refId="B65" refString="Simon, E, 1896. Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire. Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili 6: 63 - 70" title="Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire." volume="6" year="1896">Simon (1896</bibRefCitation>
, p. CV) was apparently the first appearance of the name and it is available under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), following its article 12, which establishes that an unambiguous reference to a
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
description suffices to make available a name published before 1931.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
The type-series of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1896 is therefore composed of the specimens from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñaflor">Penaflor</normalizedToken>
examined by
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="63 - 70" refId="B65" refString="Simon, E, 1896. Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire. Actes de la Societe Scientifique du Chili 6: 63 - 70" title="Etude sur les Arachnides du Chili. Premier memoire." volume="6" year="1896">Simon (1896)</bibRefCitation>
when proposing the new name and also the specimens from Valdivia province studied and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet (1849)</bibRefCitation>
, but not by the specimens from Santa Cruz, Argentina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Tetragnatha laboriosa under T. americana, female (MNHN 3140). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Original label citing Santa Cruz, Argentina; C. Ventral habitus; D. Left chelicera, inner view; E. Chelicerae, apical view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760563" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">11</figureCitation>
) and unspecified localities of Chile cited by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B68" refString="Simon, E, 1905. Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 20 (511): 1 - 18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" title="Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" volume="20" year="1905">Simon (1905)</bibRefCitation>
. According to the article 72.4.1.1 and its example, all the specimens studied by the
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
author or referred unambiguously to in the original description constitute the type series. As stated by
<bibRefCitation author="Levi, HW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B42" refString="Levi, HW, 1967. The theridiid spider fauna of Chile. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 136: 1 - 20" title="The theridiid spider fauna of Chile." volume="136" year="1967">Levi (1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Levi, HW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="445 - 475" refId="B45" refString="Levi, HW, 2001. The orbweavers of the genera Molinaranea and Nicolepeira, a new species of Parawixia, and comments on orb weavers of temperate South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155: 445 - 475" title="The orbweavers of the genera Molinaranea and Nicolepeira, a new species of Parawixia, and comments on orb weavers of temperate South America (Araneae: Araneidae)." volume="155" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
), Nicolet probably returned to Paris in 1846 and brought with him a large part of the types of Chilean species he described. Levi was able to find at MNHN types of many species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
, but he considered most
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
types as lost. We also have not been able to find most
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1866" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Tetragnathidae</taxonomicName>
types of species described by Nicolet in MNHN, excepting
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We requested information about
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the MHNS but did not receive an answer and there is no evidence that any of Nicolet or
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simon’s">Simon's</normalizedToken>
specimens are still available in this institution. Because
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in MNHN, we consider that this was probably the same depository institution for the other species described by
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet (1849)</bibRefCitation>
and the specimens from Valdivia province described as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, except for
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no other original specimen from
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet (1849)</bibRefCitation>
was found at MNHN. Likewise,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens identified by Simon from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñaflor">Penaflor</normalizedToken>
and Santiago were also not found in the general collection of the MNHN. Therefore, we consider the syntypes of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presumed lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolet’s">Nicolet's</normalizedToken>
description focused on the shape and size of structures such as carapace, eyes, abdomen, chelicerae and pedipalps, but did not include precise details on chelicerae and genital morphology to allow species identification. Fortunately, he also provided relatively good drawings (
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet 1849</bibRefCitation>
, plate 4, fig. 5), which clearly depict a female specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based for example on the sinuous cheliceral fang, Gu and U2 large and of similar size and well-spaced, and AXl large but not overreaching the fang basis. So, the description and illustrations by
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet (1849)</bibRefCitation>
are the only reliable information on the type series we recovered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
We were able to analyse all the specimens currently present in the MNHN collection and identified as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Simon. Some of these are specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. laboriosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="laboriosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. laboriosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, represented by several specimens from Chile (MNHN 12628) and just one of the three females from Santa Cruz, Argentina (MNHN 3140, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Tetragnatha laboriosa under T. americana, female (MNHN 3140). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Original label citing Santa Cruz, Argentina; C. Ventral habitus; D. Left chelicera, inner view; E. Chelicerae, apical view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760563" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">11</figureCitation>
) cited by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B68" refString="Simon, E, 1905. Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 20 (511): 1 - 18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" title="Etude sur les arachnides recueillis en Patagonie par le Dr. Fillipo Silvestri." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9304" volume="20" year="1905">Simon (1905)</bibRefCitation>
. On the other hand, there is a male from Punta Arenas, Chile, that is clearly
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN 22312, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Tetragnatha nitens under T. americana, male. A. Left chelicera, inner view; B. Chelicerae, slanted lower view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760564" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">12</figureCitation>
). Although these specimens are just additional material examined, they were identified by Simon himself, thus helping to establish his concept of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although some specimens Simon identified as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in fact
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. laboriosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="laboriosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. laboriosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the original drawings of a female syntype of &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. extensa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. extensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; from Nicolet and secondarily the male from Punta Arenas (MNHN 22312, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Tetragnatha nitens under T. americana, male. A. Left chelicera, inner view; B. Chelicerae, slanted lower view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760564" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">12</figureCitation>
) identified by Simon allow us to indicate that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1896 is
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Audouin, 1826) syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760564" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A.</emphasis>
Left chelicera, inner view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">B.</emphasis>
Chelicerae, slanted lower view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
As mentioned above, the only species dealt with by
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet (1849)</bibRefCitation>
that we were able to locate at MNHN was
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described based on an unspecified number of female syntypes from Santiago, Chile. A female specimen (MNHN 4209), labelled as &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nicol. Gay Saint Iago&quot; (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Tetragnatha nitens under T. labialis, female lectotype (MNHN 4209). A. Left chelicera, upper view; B. Left chelicera, inner view; C. Left chelicera, lower view; D. Original label." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760565" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">13</figureCitation>
) was examined. This female clearly belongs to the syntype series examined by Nicolet and is herein designated as lectotype. Following
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" author="Castanheira, PdS" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="465 - 505" refId="B18" refString="Castanheira, PdS, Baptista, RLC, Pizzeti, DdP, Teixeira, RA, 2019. Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2): 465 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" title="Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" volume="95" year="2019">Castanheira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, this specimen is clearly
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as shown for example by the following diagnostic cheliceral characters: Gl distalward followed by smaller L2 and L3, AXl reduced and point distalward, Gu elongated and not contiguous to U2 and robust basal cusp placed at the lower side of fang (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Tetragnatha nitens under T. labialis, female lectotype (MNHN 4209). A. Left chelicera, upper view; B. Left chelicera, inner view; C. Left chelicera, lower view; D. Original label." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760565" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">13A-C</figureCitation>
). Therefore, we propose
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="319 - 543" refId="B52" refString="Gay, C, 1849. Aracnidos. In: Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou. Zoologia 3: 319 - 543" title="Aracnidos." volume="3" volumeTitle="Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Paris, Ed. Maude y Renou." year="1849">Nicolet 1849</bibRefCitation>
=
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Audouin, 1826) syn. nov. Additionally, the male and female specimens from Nova Granada (probably Colombia) named
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Keyserling, E" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="799 - 856" refId="B37" refString="Keyserling, E, 1865. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 15: 799 - 856" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr." volume="15" year="1865">Keyserling (1865)</bibRefCitation>
are misidentified. The original drawings of the chelicerae resemble
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. argentinensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="argentinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. argentinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Keyserling, E" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="799 - 856" refId="B37" refString="Keyserling, E, 1865. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 15: 799 - 856" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr." volume="15" year="1865">Keyserling 1865</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11-13) or perhaps some related, undescribed species from Colombia. Furthermore, the original locality (Nova Granada) is too far north of the currently known
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. argentinensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="argentinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. argentinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distribution range (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-006" author="Cargnelutti, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 80" refId="B13" refString="Cargnelutti, F, Bollatti, F, Izquierdo, MA, Castanheira, PdS, Baptista, RLC, Barrantes, G, Aisenberg, A, 2022. Together but not intertwined: differences in sexual behavior between two sympatric and synchronic spider species, including one new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha). Journal of Arachnology 50 (1): 67 - 80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-006" title="Together but not intertwined: differences in sexual behavior between two sympatric and synchronic spider species, including one new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha)." url="https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-006" volume="50" year="2022">Cargnelutti et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The Chilean specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cited by
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Band Arthropoden" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B66" refString="Simon, E, 1902. Arachnoideen, excl. Acariden und Gonyleptiden. In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892/1893. Hamburg, L. Ed. Friederichsen &amp; Co. Band Arthropoden 6 (4): 1 - 47" title="Arachnoideen, excl. Acariden und Gonyleptiden. In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892 / 1893. Hamburg, L. Ed. Friederichsen &amp; Co." volume="6" year="1902">Simon (1902</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="83 - 114" refId="B67" refString="Simon, E, 1904. Etude sur les arachnides du Chili recueillis en 1900, 1901 et 1902, par MM. C. Porter, Dr Delfin, Barcey Wilson et Edwards. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 48: 83 - 114" title="Etude sur les arachnides du Chili recueillis en 1900, 1901 et 1902, par MM. C. Porter, Dr Delfin, Barcey Wilson et Edwards." volume="48" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
) from Valdivia and Punta Arenas, respectively, were not found at MNHN. Only a male from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. americana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Punta Arenas was located as we explained above (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Tetragnatha nitens under T. americana, male. A. Left chelicera, inner view; B. Chelicerae, slanted lower view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760564" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760565" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha nitens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. labialis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female lectotype (MNHN 4209).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A.</emphasis>
Left chelicera, upper view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">B.</emphasis>
Left chelicera, inner view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">C.</emphasis>
Left chelicera, lower view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">D.</emphasis>
Original label.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink